Ultra-wideband dual-polarization all-metal Vivaldi antenna unit and array

Abstract

The invention discloses an ultra-wideband dual-polarization all-metal Vivaldi antenna unit and array, the antenna unit comprises a radiation structure, two metal feed structures and two coaxial input feed structures corresponding to the metal feed structures, and the radiation structure, the two metal feed structures and the two coaxial input feed structures are respectively used for transmitting and receiving horizontally-polarized electromagnetic waves and vertically-polarized electromagnetic waves; the radiation structure comprises at least one metal cylinder, the two metal feed structures are arranged in the lowermost metal cylinder of the radiation structure, the coaxial input feed structure is arranged in the ninth metal cylinder, and the ninth metal cylinder is located below the radiation structure; the antenna unit is of an all-metal structure. The ultra-wide-band dual-polarization all-metal Vivaldi antenna adopts all-metal integrated processing, does not need to assemble antennas with different polarizations, and has the advantages of being easy to integrate and process, resistant to high temperature, high in isolation degree and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of antenna and microwave technology, and in particular relates to an ultra-wideband dual-polarization all-metal Vivaldi antenna unit and array. Background Art

[0002] Phased array radar plays a vital role in the modern military field. With the rapid development of the times, the complexity of the background environment, the increase in observed targets and the emergence of some new stealth technologies, higher and higher performance requirements have been put forward for phased array radar systems. Among them, broadband phased array radar technology is one of the main research directions. Compared with narrowband radar systems, broadband phased array radar systems usually have higher distance resolution and ranging accuracy, faster communication data transmission rate, higher anti-interference ability and stronger target detection ability, and have broad application prospects and potential.

[0003] Antenna is a key technology, and selecting a suitable broadband design scheme is an important link in the phased array radar system. Since the beginning of this century, some designs for realizing broadband and ultra-wideband antennas have been proposed, among which the most popular are tightly coupled antennas and Vivaldi antennas. Tightly coupled antennas are based on the model of current layer arrays. They use the capacitive reactance generated by the strong coupling between the walls of two adjacent dipole antenna units to offset the inductive effect generated by the low-frequency floor, thereby achieving better impedance matching and expanding its bandwidth. However, this technology increases the coupling characteristics between two adjacent units, which will limit the large-angle scanning of the array antenna to a certain extent; and the ultra-wideband design of this type of antenna relies on additional lossy devices such as external broadband baluns, resistive screens, etc., which greatly reduces its efficiency; its high manufacturing difficulty and the disadvantages of being difficult to assemble and integrate also limit its practical application.

[0004] As a traveling wave antenna, the Vivaldi antenna completes a smooth impedance transition from relatively low impedance to free space impedance by cutting gradient slots or step slots, and slots of different widths can effectively radiate electromagnetic waves at approximately the working wavelength. As the radiation frequency changes, the radiation area of ​​the antenna will also change accordingly. Therefore, within the entire working frequency band, the input impedance and radiation pattern of the antenna change very little. Compared with the use of printed circuit board processing technology to realize the design of Vivaldi antennas, all-metal processing technology has the advantages of simple feeding structure, high physical structure strength, and the ability to withstand high-power operation. It has been widely used in actual phased array radar design. However, in order to work in dual-polarization scenarios, most current designs usually require two sets of Vivaldi antennas with different polarizations to be assembled into an array. Such a design greatly increases the complexity of assembly and brings limitations to practical applications. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes an ultra-wideband dual-polarization all-metal Vivaldi antenna unit, including a radiation structure, two metal feeding structures and two coaxial input feeding structures corresponding to the metal feeding structures, respectively realizing the transmission and reception of horizontally polarized and vertically polarized electromagnetic waves; the radiation structure includes at least one metal cylinder, the two metal feeding structures are arranged in the lowest metal cylinder of the radiation structure, the coaxial input feeding structure is arranged in the ninth metal cylinder, and the ninth metal cylinder is located below the radiation structure; the antenna unit is an all-metal structure.

[0006] Specifically, the radiation structure includes a plurality of metal cylinders with different bottom diameters, and the plurality of metal cylinders with different bottom diameters are arranged from bottom to top in descending order of bottom diameters, and the radiation structure presents a stepped shape as a whole.

[0007] Specifically, the metal cylinder located at the bottom of the radiation structure is the first metal cylinder. The feeding structures of the two metal feeding structures are the same and are symmetrically distributed in the first metal cylinder. The outputs of the two metal feeding structures form an angle of 90 degrees, corresponding to the horizontally polarized feeding input and the vertically polarized feeding input, respectively.

[0008] Specifically, the metal cylinder located at the bottom of the radiation structure is the first metal cylinder, and the metal feeding structure includes a cylindrical cavity and a rectangular cavity, one end of the rectangular cavity passes through the side of the first metal cylinder, and the other end is connected to the lower end of the cylindrical cavity; the metal feeding structure also includes a rectangular metal feeding structure arranged in the cylindrical cavity and the rectangular cavity.

[0009] Specifically, the coaxial inner diameter of the coaxial input feeding structure is isolated from the first metal cylinder by a rectangular cavity and is connected to the rectangular metal feeding structure for feeding mode conversion; the coaxial outer diameter of the coaxial input feeding structure (3) is directly connected to the ninth metal cylinder.

[0010] Specifically, two rectangular slots are further provided on the side surface of the first metal cylinder, and the opening of the rectangular cavity on the side surface of the first metal cylinder is symmetrical with the corresponding rectangular slots about the central axis of the first metal cylinder.

[0011] Specifically, the coaxial input feeding structure is an elongated cylinder as a whole, which is arranged in the ninth metal cylinder and passes through the upper and lower surfaces of the ninth metal cylinder. One end of the coaxial input feeding structure passes through the upper surface of the ninth metal cylinder and is connected to the corresponding metal feeding structure.

[0012] Also provided is an ultra-wideband dual-polarization all-metal Vivaldi antenna array, comprising a plurality of periodically arranged antenna units, wherein the antenna unit is any of the above-mentioned antenna units, and the metal feeding structure comprises a rectangular metal feeding structure, wherein one end of the rectangular metal feeding structure of each antenna unit is connected to the lowest metal cylinder in the radiation structure of the adjacent antenna unit; the antenna units of the antenna array are formed by integrated processing of the all-metal structure.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0014] 1. Simple structure and easy processing: The Vivaldi antenna in the present invention adopts an all-metal processing technology. Compared with other forms of ultra-wideband antennas such as tightly coupled antennas, it has a simple structure and is integrated by combining multiple metal cylinders. This structure avoids the complex design and processing flow of the broadband feed balun.

[0015] 2. High integration: Both polarizations are integrated on the same structure, and are fed through different coaxial input ports. The design of the feeding port enables direct connection between two adjacent units in the array, without the need for subsequent assembly.

[0016] 3. Good physical properties: Since the structure adopts all-metal processing technology, it has high physical strength, and is resistant to high temperatures and can withstand high-power work.

[0017] 4. Flexible interface and easy integration: The coaxial feeding structure is adopted, and the coaxial line is used to interconnect with the back-end RF link. The entire antenna is made of metal, and the mounting plate of the radar antenna system can be closely interconnected, which is easy to install and disassemble.

[0018] 5. Good isolation: The two dual-polarization feeding ports are concentrated in the same structure to achieve ultra-wideband radiation of different polarizations. The coupling between the two ports is low, with high isolation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 An overall appearance diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 A side view of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 A top view of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the feeding structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 Active standing waves of two coaxial ports according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 Main polarization and cross-polarization radiation patterns of the horizontal and vertical planes under excitation of a horizontally polarized port at a minimum operating frequency of 600 MHz according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 Main polarization and cross-polarization radiation patterns of the horizontal and vertical planes under vertical polarization port excitation at the lowest operating frequency of 600 MHz in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 Main polarization and cross-polarization radiation patterns of the horizontal and vertical planes under excitation of a horizontally polarized port at a center operating frequency of 1.8 GHz in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Fig. 9 Main polarization and cross-polarization radiation patterns of the horizontal and vertical planes under excitation of a vertically polarized port at a center operating frequency of 1.8 GHz in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Fig.10 Main polarization and cross-polarization radiation patterns in the horizontal and vertical planes under excitation of a horizontally polarized port at a maximum operating frequency of 3 GHz in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Fig.11 Main polarization and cross-polarization radiation patterns of the horizontal and vertical planes under excitation of a vertically polarized port at a maximum operating frequency of 3 GHz according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] The accompanying drawings are marked as follows:

[0031] Radiating structure 1, first metal cylinder 11, second metal cylinder 12, third metal cylinder 13, fourth metal cylinder 14, fifth metal cylinder 15, sixth metal cylinder 16, seventh metal cylinder 17, eighth metal cylinder 18, horizontally polarized metal feeding structure 21, vertically polarized metal feeding structure 22, horizontally polarized rectangular metal structure 211, first rectangular cavity 212, first cylindrical cavity 213, vertically polarized rectangular metal feeding structure 221, second rectangular cavity 222, second cylindrical cavity 223, coaxial input feeding structure 3, horizontally polarized input port 31, vertically polarized input port 32, second horizontally polarized rectangular metal structure 411, rectangular slot 412. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to facilitate understanding of the present application, the present application will be described more fully below with reference to the relevant drawings. Embodiments of the present application are provided in the drawings. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of the present application more thorough and comprehensive.

[0033] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application.

[0034] It can be understood that the terms "first", "second", etc. used in the present application can be used in this article to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the first element from another element.

[0035] Spatially relative terms such as "under," "beneath," "below," "under," "above," "above," and the like may be used herein to describe the relationship of an element or feature shown in the figures to other elements or features. It should be understood that, in addition to the orientations shown in the figures, spatially relative terms also include different orientations of the device in use and operation. For example, if the device in the accompanying drawings is flipped, an element or feature described as "under other elements" or "under it" or "under it" will be oriented as being "above" the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary terms "under" and "under" may include both upper and lower orientations. In addition, the device may also include additional orientations (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or other orientations), and the spatial descriptors used herein are interpreted accordingly.

[0036] It should be noted that when an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element, or connected to the other element through an intermediate element. In addition, the "connection" in the following embodiments should be understood as "electrical connection", "communication connection", etc. if there is transmission of electrical signals or data between the connected objects.

[0037] When used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and "said / the" may also include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms "include / comprise" or "have" and the like specify the presence of stated features, wholes, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof, but do not exclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof. At the same time, the term "and / or" used in this specification includes any and all combinations of the relevant listed items.

[0038] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0039] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment proposes an ultra-wideband dual-polarization all-metal integrated Vivaldi antenna unit, which includes an antenna radiation structure 1, two metal feeding structures, and two coaxial input feeding structures 3. Among them, the antenna radiation structure 1 includes 8 metal cylinders of different sizes, which are arranged from bottom to top in order from large to small in diameter. The radiation structure 1 is in the shape of a ladder as a whole. Therefore, when multiple antenna units are arranged in parallel to form an antenna array, the gap between the metal cylinders of two adjacent antenna units increases from bottom to top in sequence, showing a step change. The air slots of different sizes are similar to the wavelength at the corresponding radiation frequency, so that a smooth impedance transition from a relatively low impedance to a free space impedance can be achieved to achieve the function of ultra-wideband; the antenna unit is an all-metal structure integrated processing. Two cavities are opened in the bottom first metal cylinder 11 to form two metal feeding structures, specifically a horizontal polarization metal feeding structure 21 and a vertical polarization metal feeding structure 22; a ninth metal cylinder is arranged below the bottom first metal cylinder 11, and two independent coaxial input feeding structures 3 are arranged in the ninth metal cylinder. The horizontal polarization metal feeding structure 21 and the vertical polarization metal feeding structure 22 are respectively connected to the horizontal polarization input port 31 and the vertical polarization input port 32 of the coaxial input feeding structure 3; the input RF signal is input to the metal cylinder of the adjacent unit after passing through the metal feeding structure 2, thereby realizing the excitation of the antenna structure, and the two coaxial input feeding structures 3 work independently without affecting each other.

[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, the integrated Vivaldi antenna of this embodiment is formed by integrating 9 metal cylinders, wherein the gaps between the 8 metal cylinders in the upper layer and the corresponding cylinders of the adjacent units correspond to different working wavelengths and play a radiation function, and the corresponding heights of each metal cylinder are H9, H8, H7, H6, H5, H4, H3 and H2 from top to bottom; the corresponding diameters are D9, D8, D7, D6, D5, D4, D3 and D2 from top to bottom. The ninth metal cylinder in the lowest layer contains two independent coaxial input feeding structures 3, including a horizontal polarization input port 31 and a vertical polarization input port 32, and the height of the ninth metal cylinder is H1 and the diameter is D1.

[0041] like Figure 3 As shown, the ultra-wideband dual-polarization all-metal integrated Vivaldi antenna of this embodiment is composed of a plurality of metal cylinders of different sizes. Except for the ninth metal cylinder, the diameters of the remaining eight metal cylinders for antenna radiation increase from top to bottom. The outputs of the horizontally polarized metal feeding structure 21 and the vertically polarized metal feeding structure 22 form an angle of 90 degrees, corresponding to the horizontally polarized feeding input and the vertically polarized feeding input, respectively.

[0042] like Figure 4 As shown, the feeding of the ultra-wideband dual-polarization all-metal integrated Vivaldi antenna of this embodiment mainly includes a coaxial input feeding structure 3 and a metal feeding structure 2. The metal feeding structure includes a cylindrical cavity and a rectangular cavity, one end of the rectangular cavity passes through the side of the first metal cylinder 11, and the other end is connected to the lower end of the cylindrical cavity; the metal feeding structure also includes a rectangular metal feeding structure arranged in the cylindrical cavity and the rectangular cavity; the two rectangular metal feeding structures in the two metal feeding structures are respectively a horizontally polarized rectangular metal structure 211 and a vertically polarized rectangular metal feeding structure 221. Figure 4 In the embodiment, the horizontally polarized metal feeding structure 21 includes a first cylindrical cavity 213, a first cuboid cavity 212 and a horizontally polarized rectangular metal structure 211; the vertically polarized metal feeding structure 22 includes a second cuboid cavity 222, a second cylindrical cavity 223 and a vertically polarized rectangular metal feeding structure 221.

[0043] The length and width of the rectangular metal feeding structure (horizontally polarized rectangular metal structure 211 and vertically polarized rectangular metal feeding structure 221) are L1 and W1 respectively, and the length and width of the rectangular cavity (first rectangular cavity 212 and second rectangular cavity 222) are L2 and W2 respectively, which should satisfy that L1 is less than L2 and W1 is less than W2; the diameter of the cylindrical cavity is Dr.

[0044] The coaxial input feed structure 3 is a long cylinder as a whole, which is arranged in the ninth metal cylinder and penetrates the upper and lower surfaces of the ninth metal cylinder. The upper end of the coaxial input feed structure 3 is respectively connected to one end of the corresponding rectangular metal feed structure. When the antenna units are periodically arranged to form an antenna array, the other end of the rectangular metal feed structure is inserted into the first metal cylinder 11 of the adjacent antenna unit. Figure 4 As shown, the second horizontally polarized rectangular metal structure 411 is the end of the horizontally polarized rectangular metal structure 211 of the adjacent antenna unit, and the arrangement of the adjacent antenna units is adaptively docked through the rectangular slot 412 and the first rectangular parallelepiped cavity 212 .

[0045] The coaxial input feeding structure 3 is divided into two independent feeding structures, corresponding to the horizontal polarization input port 31 and the vertical polarization input port 32 respectively. Correspondingly, the metal feeding structure 2 also includes a horizontal polarization metal feeding structure 21 and a vertical polarization metal feeding structure 22. The coaxial inner diameter of the horizontal polarization input port 31 is isolated from the first metal cylinder 11 outside by the first rectangular cavity 212, and is connected to the horizontal polarization rectangular metal structure 211 for feeding mode conversion, and further connected to the first metal cylinder 11 of the adjacent antenna unit to realize horizontal polarization excitation of the antenna; the coaxial outer diameter of the horizontal polarization input port 31 is directly connected to the ninth metal cylinder. Similarly, for the vertical polarization excitation of the antenna, the coaxial inner diameter of the vertical polarization input port 32 is connected to one end of the corresponding vertical polarization rectangular metal feeding structure 221 to realize vertical polarization feeding of the first metal cylinder 11 of the adjacent antenna unit.

[0046] The horizontally polarized feeding excitation is connected to the first metal cylinder 11 of the lowest radiation layer of the adjacent unit in the horizontal polarization direction through the horizontally polarized rectangular metal structure 211, so that an induced current is formed between the metal cylinders of the two adjacent units in the horizontal polarization direction, and the impedance is transformed through the stepped grooves between the upper multiple metal cylinders between the adjacent units, so as to realize the radiation of horizontally polarized electromagnetic waves of different working wavelengths. A first rectangular parallelepiped cavity 212 is opened on the periphery of the horizontally polarized feeding metal structure to avoid the short circuit formed by the direct connection between the horizontally polarized metal feeding structure and the external metal structure; at the same time, in order to realize the ultra-wideband matching of the horizontally polarized coaxial input and the horizontally polarized rectangular metal feeding structure, a first cylindrical cavity 213 needs to be designed at the connection position.

[0047] The vertically polarized feeding excitation is similar to the horizontally polarized feeding excitation structure, and the designs are at an angle of 90 degrees. The vertically polarized rectangular metal feeding structure 221 is connected to the bottommost radiating first metal cylinder 11 of the adjacent unit in the vertical polarization direction for excitation, so that an induced current is formed between the metal cylinders of the two adjacent units in the vertical polarization direction. Impedance transformation is performed through the stepped grooves between the upper multiple metal cylinders between the adjacent units, thereby realizing the radiation of vertically polarized electromagnetic waves of different working wavelengths. A second rectangular parallelepiped cavity 222 is opened on the periphery of the vertically polarized feeding metal structure to avoid the short circuit caused by the direct connection between the vertically polarized metal feeding structure and the external metal structure. At the same time, in order to achieve ultra-wideband matching between the vertically polarized coaxial input and the vertically polarized rectangular metal feeding structure, a second cylindrical cavity 223 needs to be designed at the connection position.

[0048] The two coaxial input feed structures 3 are composed of two independent excitation ports, corresponding to the horizontal polarization input port 31 and the vertical polarization input port 32, respectively, and the two ports do not affect each other. In actual use, the coaxial lines are inserted into the horizontal polarization input port 31 and the vertical polarization input port 32 for excitation; the inner diameters of the two coaxial input feed structures 3 are respectively connected to the upper horizontal polarization horizontal polarization metal feed structure 21 and the vertical polarization vertical polarization metal feed structure 22, and the outer diameters are connected to the outer metal cylinders, so as to form an induced current between the first metal cylinders 11 of the adjacent structures, and realize ultra-wideband dual-polarization radiation.

[0049] like Figure 5 The standing wave ratio curves of the horizontally polarized coaxial input port 31 and the vertically polarized coaxial input port 32 of the ultra-wideband dual-polarized all-metal integrated Vivaldi antenna unit of this embodiment are shown. The results show that within the operating frequency band of 600 MHz to 3 GHz, the active standing waves of the two ports are both less than 1.3, demonstrating the good matching effect of the horizontally polarized port and the vertically polarized port within the ultra-wide operating frequency band, and the operating bandwidth exceeds 5:1.

[0050] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 The figure shows the radiation pattern of the ultra-wideband dual-polarization all-metal integrated Vivaldi antenna unit of this embodiment at the lowest operating frequency of 600 MHz. Figure 6 Shown are the radiation patterns of main and cross polarizations in the horizontal and vertical planes with excitation of the horizontally polarized coaxial input port; Figure 7 Shown are the radiation patterns for main and cross polarizations in the horizontal and vertical planes with excitation from a vertically polarized coaxial input port.

[0051] like Figure 8 and Fig. 9 The figure shows the radiation pattern of the ultra-wideband dual-polarization all-metal integrated Vivaldi antenna of this embodiment at the center operating frequency of 1.8 GHz. Figure 8 Shown are the radiation patterns of main and cross polarizations in the horizontal and vertical planes with excitation of the horizontally polarized coaxial input port; Fig. 9 Shown are the radiation patterns for main and cross polarizations in the horizontal and vertical planes with excitation from a vertically polarized coaxial input port.

[0052] like Fig.10 and Fig.11 The figure shows the radiation pattern of the ultra-wideband dual-polarization all-metal integrated Vivaldi antenna of this embodiment at the highest operating frequency of 3 GHz. Fig.10Shown are the radiation patterns of main and cross polarizations in the horizontal and vertical planes with excitation of the horizontally polarized coaxial input port; Fig.11 Shown are the radiation patterns for main and cross polarizations in the horizontal and vertical planes with excitation from a vertically polarized coaxial input port.

[0053] Table 1 shows the specific parameters of the ultra-wideband dual-polarization all-metal Vivali antenna of this embodiment. The antenna subarray operates in the UHF-L band. Figures 6 to 11 The results of the radiation pattern presented show that there is no distortion in the pattern over the entire ultra-wideband operating band from 600 MHz to 3 GHz, and the polarization cross-level is less than -40 dB, showing good polarization isolation.

[0054] Table 1

[0055] Serial number Parameter name Parameter Value Serial number Parameter name Parameter Value 1 H1 17.1 mm 2 H2 46.25 mm 3 H3 73.9425 mm 4 H4 100.1775 mm 5 H5 124.955 mm 6 H6 148.275 mm 7 H7 170.1375 mm 8 H8 190.5425 mm 9 H9 209.49 mm 10 D1 40.46 mm 11 D2 68.86 mm 12 D3 66.16 mm 13 D4 60.34 mm 14 D5 54.84 mm 15 D6 45.7 mm 16 D7 38.54 mm 17 D8 25.92 mm 18 D9 21.38 mm 19 L1 5 mm 20 L2 10.85 mm 21 W1 2 mm 22 W2 6 mm 23 Dr 15.22 mm

[0056] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0057] 1. Simple structure and easy processing: The Vivaldi antenna in the present invention adopts an all-metal processing technology. Compared with other forms of ultra-wideband antennas such as tightly coupled antennas, it has a simple structure and is integrated by combining multiple metal cylinders. This structure avoids the complex design and processing flow of the broadband feed balun.

[0058] 2. High integration: The present invention integrates two polarizations on the same structure at the same time, and feeds them through different coaxial input ports. The design of the feeding port enables direct connection between two adjacent units in the array, and no subsequent assembly is required.

[0059] 3. Good physical properties: Since the structure adopts all-metal processing technology, it has high physical strength, and is resistant to high temperatures and can withstand high-power work.

[0060] 4. Flexible interface and easy integration: The present invention adopts a coaxial feeding structure, which is interconnected with the back-end RF link through a coaxial line. The entire antenna is made of metal, and the mounting plate of the radar antenna system can be closely interconnected, which is easy to install and disassemble.

[0061] 5. Good isolation: The invention concentrates two dual-polarization feeding ports in the same structure to achieve ultra-wideband radiation of different polarizations. The coupling between the two ports is low, and the isolation is high. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ultra-wideband dual-polarized all-metal Vivaldi antenna unit, characterized in that: The invention comprises a radiation structure (1), two metal feed structures and two coaxial input feed structures (3) corresponding to the metal feed structures, respectively realizing the transmission and reception of horizontally polarized and vertically polarized electromagnetic waves; the radiation structure (1) comprises at least one metal cylinder, the two metal feed structures are arranged in the metal cylinder at the bottom of the radiation structure (1), the coaxial input feed structure (3) is arranged in the ninth metal cylinder, and the ninth metal cylinder is located below the radiation structure (1); the antenna unit is an all-metal structure.

2. The ultra-wideband dual-polarization all-metal Vivaldi antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radiation structure (1) comprises a plurality of metal cylinders with different bottom diameters, which are arranged from bottom to top in descending order of bottom diameters, and the radiation structure (1) presents a stepped shape as a whole.

3. The ultra-wideband dual-polarization all-metal Vivaldi antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal cylinder located at the bottom of the radiation structure (1) is the first metal cylinder (11), the two metal feeding structures have the same feeding structure and are symmetrically distributed in the first metal cylinder (11), and the outputs of the two metal feeding structures form an angle of 90 degrees, corresponding to the horizontally polarized feeding input and the vertically polarized feeding input, respectively.

4. The ultra-wideband dual-polarization all-metal Vivaldi antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal cylinder located at the bottom of the radiation structure (1) is a first metal cylinder (11); the metal feeding structure comprises a cylindrical cavity and a rectangular cavity; one end of the rectangular cavity passes through the side of the first metal cylinder (11) and the other end is connected to the lower end of the cylindrical cavity; the metal feeding structure also comprises a rectangular metal feeding structure arranged in the cylindrical cavity and the rectangular cavity.

5. The ultra-wideband dual-polarization all-metal Vivaldi antenna unit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The coaxial inner diameter of the coaxial input feeding structure (3) is isolated from the first metal cylinder (11) by a rectangular parallelepiped cavity and is simultaneously connected to the rectangular metal feeding structure for feeding mode conversion; the coaxial outer diameter of the coaxial input feeding structure (3) is directly connected to the ninth metal cylinder.

6. The ultra-wideband dual-polarization all-metal Vivaldi antenna unit according to claim 4, characterized in that: Two rectangular slots (412) are also provided on the side of the first metal cylinder (11), and the opening of the rectangular cavity on the side of the first metal cylinder (11) and the corresponding rectangular slots (412) are symmetrical about the central axis of the first metal cylinder (11).

7. The ultra-wideband dual-polarization all-metal Vivaldi antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coaxial input feeding structure (3) is an elongated cylinder as a whole, and is arranged in the ninth metal cylinder and penetrates the upper and lower surfaces of the ninth metal cylinder. One end of the coaxial input feeding structure (3) penetrates the upper surface of the ninth metal cylinder and is connected to the corresponding metal feeding structure.

8. An ultra-wideband dual-polarized all-metal Vivaldi antenna array, characterized in that: It comprises a plurality of periodically arranged antenna units, wherein the antenna units are the antenna units described in any one of claims 1 to 7, the metal feeding structure comprises a rectangular metal feeding structure, one end of the rectangular metal feeding structure of each antenna unit is connected to the lowest metal cylinder in the radiation structure (1) of the adjacent antenna unit; the antenna units of the antenna array are formed by integrated processing of a full metal structure.

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