Self-organizing network communication methods, devices, electronic equipment and storage media

Abstract

This disclosure provides an ad hoc network communication method, apparatus, electronic device, and computer-readable storage medium, relating to the field of communication technology. The method includes: determining the number and size of orthogonal time-frequency space-time (OTFS) frames to be used based on the amount of data to be transmitted; generating modulation symbols based on the number and size of OTFS frames and the data to be transmitted; embedding pilot information and modulation symbols in a time-delay Doppler domain to obtain multiple first OTFS frames; converting the multiple first OTFS frames to a time-delay domain to obtain multiple second OTFS frames; processing the multiple second OTFS frames to obtain target data; and sending the target data to a receiving end. This enables the signal to be transmitted in a practical communication channel, and the processing in the time-delay Doppler domain improves the signal's anti-fading performance in high-speed mobile scenarios, thereby ensuring the stability and reliability of ad hoc network communication in high-speed mobile scenarios.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, specifically to a self-organizing network communication method, apparatus, electronic device, and computer-readable storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] Compared to conventional communication systems, self-organizing networks can quickly build a decentralized mobile communication network without the need for basic communication infrastructure, offering greater flexibility. Furthermore, even if some nodes fail, other nodes can still communicate using relevant technologies, providing stronger resilience and better meeting the wireless communication needs of certain special scenarios.

[0003] In wireless communication scenarios involving high-speed mobile devices, the channel is a dual-selective channel exhibiting both frequency-selective fading and time-selective fading. When communication devices in an ad hoc network move at high speeds, the relative motion between the receiver and transmitter generates a Doppler frequency shift, which affects the wireless channel due to time-selective fading. When the relative speed is large, the resulting Doppler frequency shift is significant, and the channel coherence time becomes less than or equal to the symbol period. In this case, the channel impulse response changes within one symbol period. Signals passing through the dual-selective channel will be distorted, increasing the difficulty of dual-selective channel estimation and reducing the reliability of the communication system.

[0004] In related technologies, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation schemes are usually used to resist frequency-selective fading, but they are less resistant to time-selective fading.

[0005] In high-speed mobile scenarios, the relative motion between the receiver and receiver generates a Doppler shift. This Doppler shift affects the subcarrier orthogonality in an OFDM modulation system. Originally orthogonal subcarriers, after being affected by the Doppler shift, are no longer strictly orthogonal, leading to inter-carrier interference (ICI). ICI makes it difficult for the receiver to accurately separate the signals on each subcarrier, thus reducing the reliability of the communication system.

[0006] Therefore, ensuring the stability and reliability of ad hoc network communication in high-speed mobile scenarios is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This disclosure provides a self-organizing network communication method, apparatus, electronic device, and computer-readable storage medium, aiming to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the related art.

[0008] In a first aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a self-organizing network communication method, executed by a sending end, the method comprising:

[0009] Based on the amount of data to be transmitted, determine the number and size of the orthogonal time-frequency space-time (OTFS) frames to be used;

[0010] Based on the OTFS frame number and frame size, and the data to be transmitted, modulation symbols are generated;

[0011] The pilot information and the modulation symbols are loaded into the time-delay Doppler domain to obtain multiple first OTFS frames;

[0012] The plurality of first OTFS frames are converted to the time-delay domain to obtain a plurality of second OTFS frames;

[0013] The plurality of second OTFS frames are processed to obtain target data;

[0014] The target data is sent to the receiving end.

[0015] Secondly, embodiments of this disclosure also provide a self-organizing network communication device configured at a transmitting end, the device comprising:

[0016] The first determining module is used to determine the number and size of orthogonal time-frequency space-time (OTFS) frames to be used based on the amount of data to be transmitted.

[0017] The first generation module is used to generate modulation symbols based on the OTFS frame number and frame size, as well as the data to be transmitted;

[0018] The module is used to load pilot information and the modulation symbols into the time-delay Doppler domain to obtain multiple first OTFS frames;

[0019] A conversion module is used to convert the plurality of first OTFS frames into a time-delay domain to obtain a plurality of second OTFS frames;

[0020] The first processing module is used to process the plurality of second OTFS frames to obtain target data;

[0021] The first sending module is used to send the target data to the receiving end.

[0022] Thirdly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a self-organizing network communication method, executed by a receiving end, the method comprising:

[0023] Obtain the target data sent by the sending end;

[0024] The target data is processed to obtain multiple second OTFS frames;

[0025] Channel estimation is performed based on the pilot information in the second OTFS frame to obtain the channel estimation result;

[0026] Based on the channel estimation results, the data to be processed in the second OTFS frame is equalized and demodulated to obtain the data to be transmitted.

[0027] Fourthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a self-organizing network communication device configured at a receiving end, the device comprising:

[0028] An acquisition module is used to acquire the target data sent by the sending end;

[0029] The second processing module is used to process the target data to obtain multiple second OTFS frames;

[0030] The channel estimation module is used to perform channel estimation based on the pilot information in the second OTFS frame to obtain the channel estimation result;

[0031] The equalization and demodulation module is used to perform equalization and demodulation on the data to be processed in the second OTFS frame based on the channel estimation result, so as to obtain the data to be transmitted.

[0032] Fifthly, embodiments of this disclosure also provide an electronic device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps in the aforementioned ad hoc network communication method.

[0033] Sixthly, embodiments of this disclosure also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the aforementioned ad hoc network communication method.

[0034] In a seventh aspect, embodiments of this disclosure also provide a computer program product or computer program including computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of a computer device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium and executes the computer instructions, causing the computer device to perform the methods provided in the various optional implementations described in embodiments of this disclosure.

[0035] The embodiments disclosed herein have at least the following beneficial effects:

[0036] Determining the number and size of OTFS frames by controlling the amount of data to be transmitted allows for flexible adjustments to the transmission strategy to adapt to different data transmission needs. In high-speed mobile scenarios, the amount of data may change dynamically; this adaptive determination method can better utilize channel resources, improve transmission efficiency, and ensure communication stability. Based on the determined number and size of OTFS frames and the data to be transmitted, modulation symbols are generated. Then, pilot information and modulation symbols are loaded into the time-delay-Doppler (DD) domain to obtain multiple first OTFS frames. Modulation is performed in the DD domain, where a single modulation symbol can fill the entire time-frequency grid. This means the signal can traverse a rapidly changing dual-select channel in the time-frequency domain, thus achieving two-dimensional time-frequency diversity gain. This differs from OFDM, where subcarriers in high-speed mobile scenarios lose orthogonality due to Doppler frequency shift, leading to inter-carrier interference and reduced communication system reliability. OTFS modulation, however, better adapts to dual-select channels in high-speed mobile scenarios, reducing signal distortion, simplifying channel estimation, and improving communication system reliability. Multiple first OTFS frames are converted into multiple second OTFS frames in the time-delay domain and sent to the receiving end. This conversion enables the signal to be transmitted in the actual communication channel. At the same time, after processing in the time-delay Doppler domain, the signal's anti-fading performance in high-speed mobile scenarios is improved, thereby ensuring the stability and reliability of ad hoc network communication in high-speed mobile scenarios.

[0037] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this specification. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0039] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the self-organizing network communication method provided in the first embodiment of this disclosure;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an adaptive rate matching method;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a pilot deployment;

[0042] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of OTFS modulation and the addition of CP;

[0043] Figure 5This is a diagram of a physical layer data frame structure;

[0044] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of data processing at the sending end;

[0045] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the self-organizing network communication method provided in the second embodiment of this disclosure;

[0046] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a self-organizing network communication device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0047] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a self-organizing network communication device provided in another embodiment of this disclosure;

[0048] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0049] Some embodiments of this disclosure will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. Various changes, modifications, and equivalents of the methods, apparatus, and / or systems described herein will become apparent upon understanding this disclosure. For example, the order of operations described herein is merely illustrative and is not limited to those orders set forth herein, but can be changed as will become apparent upon understanding this disclosure, except for operations that must be performed in a particular order. Furthermore, for clarity and brevity, descriptions of features known in the art may be omitted.

[0050] The embodiments described in the following examples of this disclosure do not represent all embodiments consistent with this disclosure. Therefore, the embodiments of this disclosure propose a self-organizing network communication method, which can, to some extent, solve one of the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned scenarios.

[0051] It should be noted that the implementing entity of the ad hoc network communication method in this embodiment can be an ad hoc network communication device. This device can be configured in any type of electronic device, such as a vehicle, drone, computer, mobile phone, etc., without limitation. The ad hoc network communication device can act as a transmitter or a receiver in the communication system.

[0052] It should be noted that the order of description of the following embodiments is not intended to limit the priority of the embodiments.

[0053] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the self-organizing network communication method provided according to the first embodiment of this disclosure.

[0054] In the first embodiment of this disclosure, the self-organizing network communication method will be described with the "sender" as the execution subject, and no limitation will be made here.

[0055] like Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0056] Step 101: Based on the amount of data to be transmitted, determine the number and size of the orthogonal time-frequency space (OTFS) frames to be used.

[0057] The data to be transmitted can be any information or data that needs to be transmitted, such as text data, image data, audio data, etc., without any restrictions.

[0058] The OTFS (Orthogonal Time Frequency Space) frame number refers to the total number of OTFS frames used to transmit data. An OTFS frame is a basic transmission unit in OTFS communication, containing multiple symbols distributed in the time-delay Doppler domain (DD domain). These symbols are converted into time-domain signals for transmission through a series of mathematical transformations.

[0059] The OTFS frame size refers to the amount of data that each OTFS frame can carry, usually measured in the number of symbols or bits. A larger OTFS frame size means that each frame can carry more data.

[0060] Specifically, given a fixed amount of data to be transmitted, a higher number of OTFS frames means that each OTFS frame carries relatively less data.

[0061] Optionally, the first multi-carrier symbol number can be determined based on the preset number of subcarriers and the amount of data to be transmitted. Then, the number of orthogonal time-frequency space OTFS frames and the frame size corresponding to the data to be transmitted can be determined based on the maximum number of multi-carrier symbols in the OTFS frame and the first multi-carrier symbol number.

[0062] The number of subcarriers is an important parameter for measuring the transmission capacity of a communication system, representing the number of information channels that can be transmitted in parallel within a given bandwidth. A higher number of subcarriers means the system can process a larger amount of information in parallel, thereby improving the transmission capacity and efficiency of the communication system. In this embodiment, the preset number of subcarriers can be a preset value, such as 64, and is not limited thereto.

[0063] The maximum number of multicarrier symbols in an OTFS frame can represent the maximum number of multicarrier symbols that an OTFS frame can carry. As an example, in this embodiment of the disclosure, the maximum number of multicarrier symbols in an OTFS frame can be 8, and this is not limited thereto.

[0064] Optionally, the maximum path delay can be determined first based on the path delay corresponding to each scattering path between the transmitter and receiver. Then, the maximum path delay index can be determined based on the maximum path delay, the number of subcarriers, and the subcarrier spacing. After that, the target number of subcarriers can be determined based on the maximum path delay index and the number of subcarriers. Finally, the number of first multi-carrier symbols can be determined based on the amount of data to be transmitted and the target number of subcarriers.

[0065] As an example, the channel between the transmitter and receiver is an EPA (Extended Pedestrian A) channel. Multiple scattering paths exist in the channel, and the path delay for each scattering path is denoted as . By comparing the path delays corresponding to each scattering path, the maximum path delay can be obtained.

[0066] The scattering path refers to the path formed by the scattering phenomenon caused by the signal encountering obstacles or inhomogeneities in the propagation medium during transmission.

[0067] The maximum path delay index can be the index value corresponding to the scattering path with the maximum path delay.

[0068] Path delay refers to the difference in signal delay caused by different propagation paths during transmission. After a signal is sent from the transmitter, it travels through multiple paths to the receiver. The signal on each path may experience different delays. Subcarrier spacing refers to the frequency interval between adjacent subcarriers in a multi-carrier modulation system.

[0069] For example, suppose there are 5 different scattering paths with delays of 10ns, 20ns, 30ns, 40ns and 50ns respectively. The maximum path delay is 50ns, and the corresponding path index is the maximum path delay index.

[0070] Optionally, the maximum path delay index can be calculated using the following formula:

[0071]

[0072] in, L Indicates the maximum path delay index. Indicates the maximum path delay. M Indicates the number of subcarriers. This indicates the subcarrier spacing. As an example, in this embodiment of the disclosure, the number of subcarriers... M =64, =312.5kHz, which is not specified here.

[0073] The target number of subcarriers can represent the number of subcarriers carrying data modulation symbols.

[0074] Optionally, the target number of subcarriers can be calculated using the following formula:

[0075]

[0076] in, Indicates the target number of subcarriers.

[0077] The first multicarrier symbol number indicates the minimum number of multicarrier symbols required to complete data transmission under specific subcarrier quantity and data volume conditions.

[0078] One possible approach is to first determine the quotient of the amount of data to be transmitted and the target number of subcarriers. For example, if the amount of data to be transmitted is 52 and the target number of subcarriers is 5, the quotient is 10.4. Further, the quotient can be rounded down to obtain the first multicarrier symbol number of 11. Since the number of multicarrier symbols must be an integer, the quotient is rounded down. In this example, the first multicarrier symbol number is 11. This means that to transmit 52 units of data, at least 11 multicarrier symbols are needed when using a target number of subcarriers of 5; this is not a limitation.

[0079] Understandably, an OTFS frame is M1*N1 in size, where M1 is a fixed value (target subcarrier number) in this scheme. N1 represents the Doppler sampling number, which needs to be selected based on the actual application requirements.

[0080] If an OTFS frame duration is N1T, this time should be less than the application latency the system can tolerate. This means that the value of N1 affects the frame duration, and thus the system's latency requirements. If N1 is too large, the frame duration may be too long, exceeding the latency range that the application can tolerate. The computational complexity and peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of an OTFS modulation system are proportional to the number of Doppler samples. This means that the larger N1 is, the higher the computational complexity of the system, and the higher the PAPR may also be, which will affect the system's implementation and performance.

[0081] When the number of Doppler samples is small, the Doppler resolution is low. The path Doppler may be fractional after sampling, which can cause Doppler dispersion and lead to Doppler interference between received symbols. Simultaneously, the sparsity of the dual-select channel decreases in the DD domain, increasing the difficulty of channel estimation, reducing its accuracy, and consequently lowering the overall system reliability.

[0082] It should be noted that when determining the number of orthogonal time-frequency space OTFS frames and the frame size corresponding to the data to be transmitted based on the maximum number of multicarrier symbols and the first number of multicarrier symbols in the OTFS frame, it can be done in the manner described in the following example.

[0083] For example, if the first multicarrier symbol count is 14 and the maximum multicarrier symbol count for an OTFS frame is 8, then the largest N1 value can be prioritized, meaning a OTFS frame with N1=8 can be matched first. At this point, 6 multicarrier symbols remain in the first frame, so another OTFS frame with N1=4 can be matched. Then, 2 multicarrier symbols remain in the first frame, and finally, a OTFS frame with N1=2 can be matched. Therefore, it shows that 3 OTFS frames are needed to meet the requirements. The multicarrier symbol counts for these 3 OTFS frames are 8, 4, and 2, respectively.

[0084] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown, M-2L-2 represents the target number of subcarriers, which is the number of subcarriers that each OTFS frame can carry in the time delay domain for data modulation symbols. If the first multicarrier symbol count is 11 and the maximum multicarrier symbol count of an OTFS frame is 4, then the largest multicarrier symbol count N can be selected first, meaning two OTFS frames with N=4 multicarrier symbols can be matched. At this point, 3 multicarrier symbols remain in the first frame, so another OTFS frame with N=2 multicarrier symbols can be matched. At this point, 1 multicarrier symbol remains in the first frame, so finally, zeros can be padded to match one OTFS frame with N=2. Therefore, it can be shown that 4 OTFS frames are needed to meet the requirements. The multicarrier symbol counts corresponding to these 4 OTFS frames are 4, 4, 2, and 2, respectively.

[0085] In this embodiment of the disclosure, when matching OTFS frame sizes, the matching is performed in descending order of even powers of 2. For example, if the first matched maximum multicarrier symbol is 8, then 4 and 2 are matched in sequence. For example, if the first matched maximum multicarrier symbol is 16, then 16, 8, 4, and 2 are matched in sequence.

[0086] As one possible approach, the multicarrier symbol corresponding to the last matching OTFS frame needs to be 2. Therefore, regardless of the amount of data to be transmitted, at most one additional multicarrier symbol needs to be added after encoding to adaptively match the OTFS frame.

[0087] Understandably, this adaptive rate matching scheme adaptively matches the number of multicarrier symbols and the number of OTFS frames for each OTFS frame with the amount of data to be transmitted, saving resources, reducing latency, and better meeting the bursty service demands of ad hoc networks compared to the traditional fixed multicarrier symbol value scheme. Based on this, the scheme prioritizes using the larger value. Matching values ​​can also help ensure the accuracy of channel estimation and the reliability of the system.

[0088] Step 102: Generate modulation symbols based on the OTFS frame number and frame size, as well as the data to be transmitted.

[0089] As one possible implementation, the amount of data to be supplemented can be determined first based on the number of OTFS frames and the frame size. Then, the target transmission data can be determined based on the data to be transmitted and the amount of data to be supplemented. After that, the target transmission data is sequentially encoded, interleaved, and mapped to a constellation to obtain the modulation symbols.

[0090] The amount of data to be supplemented is determined based on the amount of data to be transmitted, and is the data that needs to be added during transmission. By comprehensively considering both the amount of data to be transmitted and the amount of data to be supplemented, a complete and suitable target transmission data set can be determined. For example, if the amount of data to be transmitted is insufficient for a complete transmission frame, it may be necessary to supplement it with some padding data to meet the transmission format requirements.

[0091] Based on the above example, according to the number of OTFS frames and the frame size, as well as the amount of data to be transmitted, it can be determined whether zero padding is needed to match an N=2 OTFS frame. If so, it means that there is a amount of data to be padded.

[0092] like Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 In the example, if the total number of white squares represents the amount of data to be transmitted, and there are a total of 85 white squares, that is, the amount of data is 85, since an N=2 OTFS frame was finally matched, 11 more data points are needed to determine a complete OTFS frame suitable for transmission.

[0093] That is, such as Figure 2 For example, the amount of data to be transmitted is 85, the number of frames is 4, the number of multicarrier symbols corresponding to the 4 OTFS frames are 4, 4, 2 and 2 respectively, and the amount of data to be supplemented is 11, which is not limited here.

[0094] The target data to be transmitted can be determined by combining the data to be transmitted and the amount of data to be supplemented.

[0095] Encoding is used to improve the reliability of data transmission. Specific encoding algorithms add redundant information to the original data. This way, even if some data is interfered with or lost at the receiving end, error correction or recovery can be performed using the redundant information. Common encoding methods include convolutional codes and Turbo codes. For example, using convolutional codes to encode the target transmitted data transforms the original data into encoded data containing redundant information, increasing the data's resistance to interference during transmission.

[0096] The purpose of interleaving is to disrupt the order of data, dispersing consecutive errors at the receiving end and reducing the impact of concentrated errors on data recovery. For example, encoded data can be rearranged according to specific rules, causing previously adjacent data to become more dispersed after interleaving. This prevents a large number of consecutive data errors from occurring during transmission, thus improving data error correction capabilities.

[0097] Constellation mapping involves mapping encoded and interleaved digital data onto a specific signal constellation diagram to generate modulation symbols. Different modulation schemes have different constellation diagrams, such as BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying), QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying), 16QAM (16-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), and 64QAM (64-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc., which are not limited here.

[0098] For example, in QPSK modulation, data is mapped onto a constellation diagram consisting of four points of different phases, with each point representing two bits of information. This converts digital data into an analog signal form that can be transmitted over the channel, i.e., a modulation symbol.

[0099] BPSK uses two different phases (usually 0 and π) to represent binary digits 0 and 1. For example, a sine wave signal with a phase of 0 degrees at a certain moment represents the digit 0, and a phase of 180 degrees represents the digit 1.

[0100] It is simple to implement and has good noise immunity. However, the data transmission rate is relatively low because each symbol can only represent 1 bit of information.

[0101] QPSK uses four different phases (typically 0, π / 2, π, and 3π / 2) to represent combinations of two bits. For example, a phase of 0 represents 00, a phase of π / 2 represents 01, a phase of π represents 11, and a phase of 3π / 2 represents 10. Its data transfer rate is twice that of BPSK. Compared to BPSK, it can transmit more data within the same bandwidth, but its noise immunity is slightly lower.

[0102] 16QAM represents different information by simultaneously changing the amplitude and phase of the signal. It uses 16 different amplitude and phase combinations to represent 4 bits of information. It offers a high data transmission rate.

[0103] 64QAM is similar to 16QAM, but uses 64 different amplitude and phase combinations to represent 6 bits of information. It has a higher data transmission rate and is suitable for situations with good channel conditions.

[0104] In digital communication, modulation symbols are signal representations obtained through modulation and used for transmission over a channel. In digital communication systems, raw digital data (typically binary 0s and 1s) needs to be modulated into analog signals suitable for transmission over a specific channel. Modulation symbols are an abstract representation of this modulated analog signal. For example, in Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), modulation symbols can be signal points with different amplitudes and phases. These signal points represent different combinations of digital information. Constellation mapping is the process of mapping encoded and interleaved digital data onto a specific signal constellation diagram. The result of this process is the generation of modulation symbols.

[0105] Different modulation methods have different constellation diagrams:

[0106] For binary phase shift keying (BPSK), the constellation diagram has only two points, representing the numbers 0 and 1 respectively. After constellation mapping, each digital data is mapped to a modulation symbol with a specific phase.

[0107] For quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), the constellation diagram has four points, representing different combinations of two bits. After mapping, the digital data becomes one of four possible modulation symbols with different phases.

[0108] For higher-order modulation schemes such as 16QAM and 64QAM, the constellation diagram has 16 and 64 points respectively, representing combinations of more bits, which are mapped to generate corresponding modulation symbols.

[0109] It should be noted that the modulation symbols obtained through constellation mapping can be transmitted in the channel and demodulated at the receiving end to recover the original digital data. Constellation mapping enables digital communication systems to transmit more information within limited bandwidth, improving communication efficiency. Furthermore, different modulation schemes and constellation diagrams can be selected based on channel conditions and communication requirements to balance transmission rate and reliability.

[0110] Optionally, the process of interleaving the encoded target transmission data may include:

[0111] First, based on the number of target subcarriers and the number of coded bits on each subcarrier, the number of coded bits on each multicarrier symbol is determined. Then, based on the number of coded bits on each subcarrier, the number of target subcarriers, and the number of coded bits on each multicarrier symbol, the encoded target transmission data is interleaved.

[0112] Optionally, the number of coded bits carried on each multicarrier symbol can be calculated using the following formula:

[0113]

[0114] in, Indicates the target number of subcarriers. This indicates the number of coded bits carried on each subcarrier. This indicates the number of coded bits carried on each multicarrier symbol.

[0115] One possible approach is to first convert the encoded target transmission data into a one-way data stream, and then arrange the one-way data stream to achieve interleaving.

[0116] For example, two permutations can be performed, and the resulting unidirectional data stream can be denoted as... x , will be x The unidirectional data stream after the first permutation is denoted as w , will be x The unidirectional data stream after the second permutation is denoted as z For details, please refer to the following formula:

[0117] First arrangement:

[0118]

[0119] Where k = 0, 1, 2... or -1, x i This represents the data at index i in x. w k This indicates that the index of the data with index i in w is k.

[0120] Second arrangement:

[0121]

[0122] Where k = 0, 1, 2... or -1, , w j This represents the data at index j in w. z k This indicates that the data with index j in w corresponds to index k in z, and s is an intermediate parameter.

[0123] Step 103: The pilot information and modulation symbols are loaded into the time-delay Doppler domain to obtain multiple first OTFS frames.

[0124] The time-delay Doppler domain is a signal processing domain typically used to describe the propagation characteristics of signals in wireless channels. In this domain, signal characteristics can be represented by two parameters: propagation delay and Doppler shift. The Doppler shift is the change in signal frequency caused by the relative motion between the transmitter and receiver. The time-delay Doppler domain is very useful for analyzing the performance of communication systems in high-speed mobile environments, as it helps to understand the changes in signal characteristics under conditions of multipath propagation and the simultaneous presence of the Doppler effect.

[0125] In wireless communication, signals are affected by the channel during transmission, including fading and multipath propagation. The receiver can estimate channel characteristics, such as amplitude and phase response, using pilot information. With accurate channel estimation, the receiver can compensate for the received data to recover the original transmitted data.

[0126] Pilot information, in a communication system, is a known sequence of signals used for a specific purpose to help the receiver achieve time and frequency synchronization. Time synchronization ensures that the receiver receives the signal at the correct time, while frequency synchronization ensures that the receiver's local oscillator is at the same frequency as the transmitter. For example, in digital television broadcasting systems, pilot signals are used to synchronize the receiver, ensuring correct playback of images and sound.

[0127] Pilot information is a signal known to both the transmitter and receiver, which enables the receiver to perform various processing tasks using the pilot information.

[0128] Optionally, pilot information can be inserted at the first specified position in the time-delay Doppler domain.

[0129] Optionally, modulation symbols can be inserted at a second specified position in the time-delay Doppler domain based on preset deployment rules to obtain multiple first OTFS frames.

[0130] It should be noted that in order to effectively insert modulation symbols in the time-delay Doppler domain, pre-defined deployment rules must be followed. These rules may include determining which positions can be inserted for modulation symbols, how to allocate different data symbols, etc. For example, the insertion position of modulation symbols may be determined according to a specific algorithm or pattern to ensure that the original data can be accurately recovered at the receiving end.

[0131] Each first OTFS frame contains a certain number of modulation symbols and possible pilot information.

[0132] like Figure 3As shown, pilot information can be inserted at the red grid area (first designated position), and modulation symbols can be inserted at the uncolored white grid area (second designated position). The blue grid area represents the guard interval. The pilot overhead is 2(L+1) / M. Figure 3 The left side represents the time delay domain and the time domain, while the right side represents the time delay domain and the Doppler domain.

[0133] The guard interval does not transmit valid information, serving the purpose of protection and segmentation.

[0134] The first designated position can be a specific subcarrier position within the time-delay Doppler domain grid, used to insert pilot information for subsequent channel estimation. It should be noted that the pilot information is inserted at specific subcarrier positions, allowing the receiver to estimate the channel response and thus correctly demodulate the received data.

[0135] The second specified location can be the region in the time-delay Doppler domain grid used for inserting modulation symbols.

[0136] There is a protection interval between the first designated position and the second designated position.

[0137] Pilot overhead reflects the proportion of pilots used for channel estimation in the total signal resources.

[0138] Optionally, the pilot data power ratio in the DT domain can be defined first. This formula is used to calculate the ratio of the average power of the pilot symbol to the average power of the modulation symbol in the D-T domain, in decibels (dB).

[0139] in, The average power of the pilot symbols in the DT domain is the average power of a known signal sequence used for specific purposes such as channel estimation. This is the average power of the modulated symbol, i.e., the average power of the symbol after modulation that carries the actual data information. The pilot sequence on each OTFS frame is... Sn is a pilot sequence of any length n, satisfying This condition indicates that the energy of the pilot sequence is normalized. That is, the sum of the squares of all elements in the pilot sequence is 1, which helps to maintain consistency and comparability when analyzing and designing systems.

[0140] It should be noted that by defining this power ratio, the relative power of the pilot signal and the data signal can be measured. For example, if the pilot power is too high, it may waste transmit power resources and interfere with adjacent channels; if the pilot power is too low, it may lead to inaccurate channel estimation and affect the correct demodulation of the data. nThe pilot sequence is of arbitrary length, meaning that the length of this pilot sequence can be adjusted according to specific circumstances.

[0141] Step 104: Convert multiple first OTFS frames into the time delay domain to obtain multiple second OTFS frames.

[0142] The time domain of delay mainly involves two parameters: signal propagation delay and time. Delay typically refers to the time interval during which a signal travels from the transmitter to the receiver, while time is the change of the signal along the time axis.

[0143] The second OTFS frame can be the OTFS frame corresponding to the first OTFS frame after it has been converted to the time-delay domain.

[0144] One possible approach is to perform an inverse fast Fourier transform on each of the first OTFS frames, thereby converting the first OTFS frame from the time-delay Doppler domain to the time-delay time domain (DT domain), which facilitates subsequent data transmission.

[0145] like Figure 4 As shown, the first OTFS frame on the left is located in the time-delay Doppler domain and can be converted to the time-delay domain (DT domain) by inverse fast Fourier transform, thus obtaining the second OTFS frame on the right.

[0146] The inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) can convert a signal from the frequency domain to the time domain, or more generally, from one specific signal processing domain to another. In this process, by performing an inverse transform on the Doppler domain, a relationship can be established between Doppler parameters and time parameters, allowing for better signal analysis and processing in the DT domain to meet specific communication or signal processing needs.

[0147] Step 105: Process multiple second OTFS frames to obtain target data.

[0148] As one possible approach, the sending end can first perform parallel-to-serial conversion on each of the second OTFS frames to obtain the first serial data, and then add cyclic prefix information to the first serial data to obtain the target data; no specific limitations are imposed here.

[0149] The first serial data can be the serial data obtained by performing parallel-to-serial conversion on each of the second OTFS frames.

[0150] Parallel-to-serial conversion refers to the process of converting parallel data into serial data. In parallel data transmission, multiple data bits are transmitted simultaneously, while in serial data transmission, data is transmitted bit by bit sequentially.

[0151] Optionally, each second OTFS frame can first undergo some parallel processing, such as data organization and format conversion, to ensure it meets the input requirements for parallel-to-serial conversion. Then, the parallel-to-serial conversion operation can be performed. During this process, the parallel data in each second OTFS frame can be converted bit by bit to obtain the first serial data.

[0152] A cyclic prefix (CP) is a technique used to eliminate inter-symbol interference and inter-carrier interference. It is achieved by adding a known signal before the data block. For example, a cyclic prefix can be formed by copying the latter part of each symbol to the beginning of the symbol, thus ensuring that the signal can be correctly demodulated at the receiver.

[0153] It should be noted that the addition of CP can ensure that the receiver can correctly synchronize and detect signals, while reducing interference caused by multipath and Doppler effects.

[0154] Optionally, the transmitter can use the SCP-OTFS (Single CP-OTFS, Single Cyclic Prefix Orthogonal Time-Frequency Space) mode to add cyclic prefix information. The SCP-OTFS mode refers to adding a cyclic prefix only once after parallel-to-serial conversion for multiple second OTFS frames. This simplifies the structure and reduces implementation complexity.

[0155] like Figure 4 As shown, Lcp is the added cyclic prefix. In this embodiment, the cyclic prefix length Lcp can be 16, and is not limited here. The cyclic prefix length Lcp is greater than the maximum path delay index L.

[0156] Alternatively, the MCP-OTFS (Multiple CP-OTFS, Multiple Cyclic Prefix Orthogonal Time-Frequency Space) mode can be used. In the MCP-OTFS mode, multiple CPs need to be added, but this is not limited here.

[0157] Step 106: Send the target data to the receiving end.

[0158] Specifically, after generating the target data, it can be sent to the receiving end via wireless communication through an ad hoc network. It should be noted that a preamble field can also be sent to the receiving end before sending the target data.

[0159] The leading field can be sent before the target data.

[0160] The preamble field helps the receiver and transmitter establish time synchronization, ensuring that data is received and processed accurately at the correct time. Through specific signal patterns or sequences, the preamble field enables the receiver to detect the arrival of data, thus preparing to receive subsequent data fields.

[0161] As an example, Figure 5 This is a diagram of a physical layer data frame structure. The data to be transmitted can be... Figure 5 The data field (Data) in the file. Figure 5 The Legacy Preamble represents the traditional preamble field, which includes L-LTF (Legacy Long Training Field) and L-STF (Legacy Short Training Field), with data lengths of 160 and 480 points, respectively. The HT Preamble represents the high-throughput preamble field, which includes HT-STF (High Throughput Short Training Field) and HT-SIG (High Throughput Signal Field), with data lengths of 80 and 240 points, respectively. The data fields include service bits, physical layer data, parity bits, and padding bits.

[0162] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the data to be transmitted can be converted into target data based on OTFS modulation and then sent to the receiving end. The preamble field is sent to the receiving end using traditional OFDM modulation.

[0163] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of data processing at the sending end. For example... Figure 6 As shown, the data bits to be transmitted are first scrambled, then adaptive rate matching is performed to determine the number and size of OTFS frames to be used. Afterwards, encoding, interleaving, and constellation mapping are performed to obtain modulation symbols. Then, resource mapping is performed on the modulation symbols, pilots are inserted, OTFS modulation can be performed, CP processing is added, and the data is sent to the receiving end.

[0164] The embodiments disclosed herein have at least the following beneficial effects:

[0165] Determining the number and size of OTFS frames by controlling the amount of data to be transmitted allows for flexible adjustments to the transmission strategy to adapt to different data transmission needs. In high-speed mobile scenarios, the amount of data may change dynamically; this adaptive determination method can better utilize channel resources, improve transmission efficiency, and ensure communication stability. Based on the determined number and size of OTFS frames and the data to be transmitted, modulation symbols are generated. Pilot information and modulation symbols are then loaded into the time-delay-Doppler (DD) domain to obtain multiple first OTFS frames. Modulation is performed in the DD domain, where a single modulation symbol can fill the entire time-frequency grid. This means the signal can traverse a rapidly changing dual-select channel in the time-frequency domain, thus achieving two-dimensional time-frequency diversity gain. This differs from OFDM, where subcarriers lose orthogonality due to Doppler shift in high-speed mobile scenarios, leading to inter-carrier interference and reduced communication system reliability. OTFS modulation, however, better adapts to dual-select channels in high-speed mobile scenarios, reducing signal distortion, lowering channel estimation difficulty, and improving communication system reliability. Multiple first OTFS frames are converted to the time-delay domain to obtain multiple second OTFS frames, which are then sent to the receiving end. This conversion enables the signal to be transmitted in the actual communication channel. Furthermore, the processing in the time-delay Doppler domain improves the signal's anti-fading performance in high-speed mobile scenarios, thus ensuring the stability and reliability of ad hoc network communication in such environments. Applying OTFS modulation technology to ad hoc network communication enhances the reliability of ad hoc network communication systems in high-speed mobile scenarios, meeting the communication needs of ad hoc network nodes when they are in high-speed motion.

[0166] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the self-organizing network communication method provided according to the second embodiment of this disclosure.

[0167] like Figure 7 As shown, the method includes:

[0168] Step 201: Obtain the target data sent by the sending end.

[0169] The target data can be the data obtained by the sending end through OTFS modulation of the data to be transmitted.

[0170] Optionally, the receiving end can also receive a preamble field sent by the sending end.

[0171] The preamble field is used to help the receiver time and synchronize the received data. The preamble field uses specific signal patterns to help the receiver determine the start time of data packets and ensure time synchronization between the receiver and the sender.

[0172] Optionally, the preamble field also carries control information required for demodulating the target data, such as modulation scheme and coding rate, to help the receiver demodulate the data correctly.

[0173] The following examples illustrate the uses of some types of leading fields, but are not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0174] For example, the L-STF field has a data length of 480, which can be used for coarse timing synchronization and coarse frequency offset estimation.

[0175] The L-LTF has a data length of 160 and is used for precise frequency offset estimation, precise symbol timing offset estimation, and channel estimation.

[0176] The data length of HT-SIG is 240, carrying physical layer control parameters.

[0177] The data length of HT-STF is GI (Guard Interval) + 64, which is used for automatic gain control estimation.

[0178] As an example, the receiver can first perform packet inspection. If it determines that the target data has arrived, it can then perform coarse timing and coarse frequency offset correction. Specifically, if the receiver detects a specific signal pattern in the preamble field, it can assume that the target data has arrived.

[0179] After receiving the preamble field, coarse timing and coarse frequency offset correction are first required. The purpose of coarse timing synchronization is to determine the approximate start time of the target data so that subsequent processing can accurately align with the target data. At the same time, coarse frequency offset correction is used to initially estimate and correct the frequency offset between the received signal and the local oscillator, which can reduce data transmission errors caused by frequency offset.

[0180] Furthermore, the receiver can perform precise timing and precise frequency offset correction. The purpose of precise timing is to more accurately determine the start time of receiving the target data, thereby reducing inter-symbol interference and improving the accuracy of data transmission.

[0181] Step 202: Process the target data to obtain multiple second OTFS frames.

[0182] Optionally, the receiving end can remove the CP from the target data. After removing the CP, the target data can be converted from serial to parallel, thereby converting it into multiple second OTFS frames.

[0183] For example, if the receiving end receives the second serial data, it can remove the CP from the second serial data to obtain the first serial data. Then, it can perform serial-to-parallel conversion on the first serial data to obtain multiple second OTFS frames. This is not limited here.

[0184] Step 203: Perform channel estimation based on the pilot information in the second OTFS frame to obtain the channel estimation result.

[0185] Understandably, by processing pilot information, the characteristics of the channel can be estimated, i.e., the channel estimation result. For example, during channel estimation, parameters such as the channel's impulse response and frequency response can be estimated based on the relationship between the received and transmitted pilot signals. During equalization and demodulation, these channel estimation results are used to compensate for the received signal, eliminating the channel's influence on the signal and recovering the original data.

[0186] The DT domain channel matrix can be viewed as consisting of M×M submatrices. It consists of, but only contains submatrices. It has a value, and every path l p The time delay corresponds to M valued channel submatrices. This means that in the DT domain, the characteristics of the channel can be described by these specific submatrices. Different path delays affect the values ​​of the channel submatrices, thus reflecting the transmission characteristics of the signal on different paths.

[0187] Among them, when l Less than l p When, submatrix If the matrix is ​​non-diagonal, it is a diagonal matrix; otherwise, it is a diagonal matrix. This indicates that the channel submatrix has different structural properties under different conditions. The properties of diagonal matrices can simplify the channel estimation and equalization / demodulation process because diagonal matrix operations are relatively simple.

[0188] The data channels that need to be estimated for equalization are all diagonal matrices. ,in, =L+1, L+2, ..., ML-2. Diagonal elements This is equivalent to sampling the DT channel at points M every N points, obtaining N sampling points, which can be obtained by least-squares channel estimation from the received pilot signal. The elements of the remaining diagonal channel sub-matrix can be obtained from... Interpolation is performed to obtain the data channel estimate. This indicates that the data channel estimate is obtained by processing the received pilot signal. First, the diagonal elements are obtained through least-squares channel estimation. Then, this element is used for interpolation to obtain the elements in the other diagonal channel submatrices. However, since the OTFS frame length exceeds the pilot sampling range, the excess portion needs to be obtained through extrapolation, which reduces the accuracy of channel interpolation. To improve the accuracy of channel interpolation, the first pilot sampling point of the next OTFS frame can be used as an additional pulse pilot for channel interpolation of the current frame. In addition, Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is used for denoising and interpolation. Compared with Discrete Fourier Transform, DCT can concentrate energy in low frequencies, thereby improving the performance of channel estimation.

[0189] Step 204: Based on the channel estimation results, perform equalization and demodulation on the data to be processed in the second OTFS frame to obtain the data to be transmitted.

[0190] Specifically, using the DT domain data channel (channel estimation result) obtained from channel estimation, iterative DT domain MRC-Rake detection can be performed on the data to be processed in the second OTFS frame. In each iteration, interference estimated from other symbol vectors in the selected-combining branches is eliminated, thereby improving the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). By iteratively performing MRC-Rake detection, interference can be continuously eliminated, improving the SINR of the signal and thus enhancing the accuracy of data demodulation.

[0191] MRC (Maximal Ratio Combining) combines multiple received signals using weighted summaries to achieve the highest possible signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the combined signal. In the DT domain, this might involve weighted summaries of signals received at different times and delay locations to fully utilize multipath diversity and improve the quality of the received signal.

[0192] For example, assuming multiple signal copies are received at different times and delay locations, MRC determines the corresponding weight based on the signal-to-noise ratio of each copy, and then weights and combines these copies to obtain a more reliable signal estimate.

[0193] Rake reception is a technique for receiving signals in multipath fading channels. It utilizes multiple correlators (called "fingers") to receive and process different copies of the multipath signal. Each finger corresponds to a different multipath component, and by combining these multipath components, the strength and reliability of the received signal can be improved. In the DT domain, Rake reception may determine the multipath components based on different time and delay positions, and then process and combine these components.

[0194] In this context, iteration means that the detection process is repeated multiple times. Each iteration further optimizes the detection results and improves the signal quality.

[0195] Optionally, the residual noise and interference in the i-th iteration can be defined as... It is the difference between the received signal and the signal after channel estimation and equalization demodulation. By calculating residual noise and interference, the effectiveness of each iteration can be evaluated, and it can be determined whether to continue iterating. For example, in each iteration, residual noise and interference are calculated. If the residual noise and interference decrease, the iteration is effective and can continue to the next iteration; if the residual noise and interference no longer decrease, the iteration has converged and can be stopped.

[0196] The maximum ratio merged output of the i-th iteration is = ,in = This is the maximum ratio of residual noise and interference to be combined across all time-delay paths.

[0197] This is the output obtained by performing maximum ratio combining on the residual noise and interference along all time-delay paths. Maximum ratio combining can improve signal quality because it can take full advantage of multipath diversity effects and increase the strength of the received signal.

[0198] The embodiments disclosed herein have at least the following beneficial effects:

[0199] By employing channel estimation in the DT domain and MRC-Rake detection, the OTFS modulation adaptive self-organizing network waveform system proposed in this invention can utilize the time-frequency two-dimensional diversity gain in dual-select channels during high-speed mobile scenarios, thereby achieving higher reliability performance than traditional OFDM systems. In high-speed mobile scenarios, signals are affected by multipath fading and Doppler shift. The OTFS modulation adaptive self-organizing network waveform system can fully utilize the time-frequency two-dimensional diversity gain through channel estimation in the DT domain and MRC-Rake detection, improving the signal's resistance to fading and Doppler shift. For example, in high-speed mobile wireless communication, signals experience varying time delays and Doppler shifts. By processing the signal in both time and frequency dimensions, multipath diversity and Doppler diversity effects can be utilized to improve signal reliability. Compared to traditional OFDM systems, the OTFS modulation adaptive self-organizing network waveform system achieves higher reliability performance. This is because the OTFS system can better adapt to channel variations in high-speed mobile scenarios, improving signal quality and reliability through techniques such as channel estimation and equalization demodulation. For example, in high-speed mobile communication environments, traditional OFDM systems may suffer from severe multipath fading and Doppler shift, leading to degraded signal quality and increased bit error rate. In contrast, OTFS systems can reduce the bit error rate and improve system reliability through effective channel estimation and equalization demodulation techniques.

[0200] In complex application scenarios, such as hilly areas, the wireless communication environment is complex and variable with abundant multipath components. The environment contains various scattering objects such as mountains, trees, and buildings, resulting in multiple scattering paths in the channel space. Each scattering path arrives at the receiver with different delays and phases, causing the wireless channel to be affected by frequency-selective fading, leading to inter-symbol interference. On the other hand, when communication equipment moves at high speeds, the relative motion between the receiver and transmitter generates a Doppler frequency shift, causing the wireless channel to be affected by time-selective fading. When the relative speed is large, the generated Doppler frequency shift is significant, and the channel coherence time is less than or equal to the symbol period. In this case, the channel impulse response changes within one symbol period. Signals passing through a dual-selective channel will be distorted, increasing the difficulty of dual-selective channel estimation and reducing the reliability of the communication system.

[0201] To facilitate better implementation of the ad hoc network communication method of this disclosure, this disclosure also provides an ad hoc network communication device based on the above-described ad hoc network communication method. The meanings of the terms used are the same as in the above-described ad hoc network communication method, and specific implementation details can be found in the descriptions of the method embodiments.

[0202] Please see Figure 8 , Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a self-organizing network communication device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. The self-organizing network communication device is applied at the transmitting end and includes:

[0203] The first determining module 810 is used to determine the number of orthogonal time-frequency space-time (OTFS) frames and the frame size to be used based on the amount of data to be transmitted.

[0204] The first generation module 820 is used to generate modulation symbols based on the OTFS frame number and frame size, as well as the data to be transmitted;

[0205] The module 830 is used to load the pilot information and the modulation symbols into the time-delay Doppler domain to obtain multiple first OTFS frames;

[0206] The conversion module 840 is used to convert the plurality of first OTFS frames into the time delay domain to obtain a plurality of second OTFS frames;

[0207] The first processing module 850 is used to process the plurality of second OTFS frames to obtain target data;

[0208] The first sending module 860 is used to send the target data to the receiving end.

[0209] Optionally, the first determining module includes:

[0210] The first determining unit is used to determine the first multi-carrier symbol number based on the preset number of subcarriers and the amount of data to be transmitted;

[0211] The second determining unit is used to determine the number of orthogonal time-frequency space OTFS frames and the frame size corresponding to the data to be transmitted based on the maximum number of multicarrier symbols in the OTFS frame and the first number of multicarrier symbols.

[0212] Optionally, the first determining unit is specifically used for:

[0213] The maximum path delay is determined based on the path delays corresponding to each scattering path between the transmitter and the receiver.

[0214] The maximum path delay index is determined based on the maximum path delay, the number of subcarriers, and the subcarrier spacing.

[0215] The target number of subcarriers is determined based on the maximum path delay index and the number of subcarriers.

[0216] The number of first multi-carrier symbols is determined based on the amount of data to be transmitted and the number of target subcarriers.

[0217] Optionally, the first generation module 820 is specifically used for:

[0218] Based on the OTFS frame count and frame size, the amount of data to be supplemented is determined;

[0219] Based on the data to be transmitted and the amount of data to be supplemented, the target data to be transmitted is determined;

[0220] The target transmitted data is sequentially encoded, interleaved, and mapped to a constellation to obtain modulation symbols.

[0221] Optionally, the process of interleaving the encoded target transmission data includes:

[0222] The number of coded bits carried on each multicarrier symbol is determined based on the target number of subcarriers and the number of coded bits carried on each subcarrier.

[0223] Based on the number of coded bits carried on each subcarrier, the number of target subcarriers, and the number of coded bits carried on each multicarrier symbol, the encoded target transmission data is interleaved.

[0224] Optionally, the mounting module 830 is specifically used for:

[0225] The pilot information is inserted at a first designated position in the time-delay Doppler domain;

[0226] Based on preset deployment rules, the modulation symbol is inserted at a second specified position in the time-delay Doppler domain to obtain multiple first OTFS frames.

[0227] Optionally, the first processing module 850 is specifically used for:

[0228] Each of the second OTFS frames is converted from parallel to serial to obtain the first serial data;

[0229] Add cyclic prefix information to the first serial data to obtain the target data.

[0230] The embodiments disclosed herein have at least the following beneficial effects:

[0231] Determining the number and size of OTFS frames by controlling the amount of data to be transmitted allows for flexible adjustments to the transmission strategy to adapt to different data transmission needs. In high-speed mobile scenarios, the amount of data may change dynamically; this adaptive determination method can better utilize channel resources, improve transmission efficiency, and ensure communication stability. Based on the determined number and size of OTFS frames and the data to be transmitted, modulation symbols are generated. Pilot information and modulation symbols are then loaded into the time-delay-Doppler (DD) domain to obtain multiple first OTFS frames. Modulation is performed in the DD domain, where a single modulation symbol can fill the entire time-frequency grid. This means the signal can traverse a rapidly changing dual-select channel in the time-frequency domain, thus achieving two-dimensional time-frequency diversity gain. This differs from OFDM, where subcarriers lose orthogonality due to Doppler shift in high-speed mobile scenarios, leading to inter-carrier interference and reduced communication system reliability. OTFS modulation, however, better adapts to dual-select channels in high-speed mobile scenarios, reducing signal distortion, lowering channel estimation difficulty, and improving communication system reliability. Multiple first OTFS frames are converted to the time-delay domain to obtain multiple second OTFS frames, which are then sent to the receiving end. This conversion enables the signal to be transmitted in the actual communication channel. Furthermore, the processing in the time-delay Doppler domain improves the signal's anti-fading performance in high-speed mobile scenarios, thus ensuring the stability and reliability of ad hoc network communication in such environments. Applying OTFS modulation technology to ad hoc network communication enhances the reliability of ad hoc network communication systems in high-speed mobile scenarios, meeting the communication needs of ad hoc network nodes when they are in high-speed motion.

[0232] Please see Figure 9 , Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the self-organizing network communication device provided in the embodiments of this disclosure. The self-organizing network communication device is applied at the receiving end and includes:

[0233] The acquisition module 910 is used to acquire the target data sent by the sending end;

[0234] The second processing module 920 is used to process the target data to obtain multiple second OTFS frames;

[0235] The channel estimation module 930 is used to perform channel estimation based on the pilot information in the second OTFS frame to obtain the channel estimation result;

[0236] The equalization and demodulation module 940 is used to perform equalization and demodulation on the data to be processed in the second OTFS frame based on the channel estimation result, so as to obtain the data to be transmitted.

[0237] The embodiments disclosed herein have at least the following beneficial effects:

[0238] By employing channel estimation in the DT domain and MRC-Rake detection, the OTFS modulation adaptive self-organizing network waveform system proposed in this invention can utilize the time-frequency two-dimensional diversity gain in dual-select channels during high-speed mobile scenarios, thereby achieving higher reliability performance than traditional OFDM systems. In high-speed mobile scenarios, signals are affected by multipath fading and Doppler shift. The OTFS modulation adaptive self-organizing network waveform system can fully utilize the time-frequency two-dimensional diversity gain through channel estimation in the DT domain and MRC-Rake detection, improving the signal's resistance to fading and Doppler shift. For example, in high-speed mobile wireless communication, signals experience varying time delays and Doppler shifts. By processing the signal in both time and frequency dimensions, multipath diversity and Doppler diversity effects can be utilized to improve signal reliability. Compared to traditional OFDM systems, the OTFS modulation adaptive self-organizing network waveform system achieves higher reliability performance. This is because the OTFS system can better adapt to channel variations in high-speed mobile scenarios, improving signal quality and reliability through techniques such as channel estimation and equalization demodulation. For example, in high-speed mobile communication environments, traditional OFDM systems may suffer from severe multipath fading and Doppler shift, leading to degraded signal quality and increased bit error rate. In contrast, OTFS systems can reduce the bit error rate and improve system reliability through effective channel estimation and equalization demodulation techniques.

[0239] In addition, this disclosure also provides an electronic device, such as Figure 10 As shown, it illustrates a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device involved in this disclosure, specifically:

[0240] The electronic device may include components such as a processor 1001 with one or more processing cores, a memory 1002 with one or more computer-readable storage media, a power supply 1003, and an input unit 1004. Those skilled in the art will understand that... Figure 10The electronic device structure shown does not constitute a limitation on the electronic device and may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements. Wherein:

[0241] The processor 1001 is the control center of the electronic device. It connects various parts of the electronic device via various interfaces and lines. By running or executing software programs and / or modules stored in the memory 1002, and by calling data stored in the memory 1002, it performs various functions and processes data, thereby providing overall monitoring of the electronic device. Optionally, the processor 1001 may include one or more processing cores; preferably, the processor 1001 may integrate an application processor and a modem processor, wherein the application processor mainly handles the operating system, user interface, and applications, and the modem processor mainly handles wireless communication. It is understood that the modem processor may not be integrated into the processor 1001.

[0242] The memory 1002 can be used to store software programs and modules. The processor 1001 executes various functional applications and data processing by running the software programs and modules stored in the memory 1002. The memory 1002 may mainly include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store the operating system, application programs required for at least one function (such as sound playback function, image playback function, etc.), etc.; the data storage area may store data created according to the use of the electronic device, etc. In addition, the memory 1002 may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage device. Accordingly, the memory 1002 may also include a memory controller to provide the processor 1001 with access to the memory 1002.

[0243] The electronic device also includes a power supply 1003 that supplies power to various components. Preferably, the power supply 1003 can be logically connected to the processor 1001 through a power management system, thereby enabling functions such as charging, discharging, and power consumption management through the power management system. The power supply 1003 may also include one or more DC or AC power supplies, recharging systems, power equipment debugging circuits, power converters or inverters, power status indicators, and other arbitrary components.

[0244] The electronic device may also include an input unit 1004, which can be used to receive input digital or character information, and generate keyboard, mouse, joystick, optical or trackball signal inputs related to user settings and function control.

[0245] Although not shown, the electronic device may also include a display unit, etc., which will not be described in detail here. Specifically, in this embodiment, the processor 1001 in the electronic device loads the executable files corresponding to the processes of one or more applications into the memory 1002 according to the following instructions, and the processor 1001 runs the applications stored in the memory 1002, thereby realizing the steps in any of the self-organizing network communication methods provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0246] The embodiments disclosed herein have at least the following beneficial effects:

[0247] Determining the number and size of OTFS frames by controlling the amount of data to be transmitted allows for flexible adjustments to the transmission strategy to adapt to different data transmission needs. In high-speed mobile scenarios, the amount of data may change dynamically; this adaptive determination method can better utilize channel resources, improve transmission efficiency, and ensure communication stability. Based on the determined number and size of OTFS frames and the data to be transmitted, modulation symbols are generated. Pilot information and modulation symbols are then loaded into the time-delay-Doppler (DD) domain to obtain multiple first OTFS frames. Modulation is performed in the DD domain, where a single modulation symbol can fill the entire time-frequency grid. This means the signal can traverse a rapidly changing dual-select channel in the time-frequency domain, thus achieving two-dimensional time-frequency diversity gain. This differs from OFDM, where subcarriers lose orthogonality due to Doppler shift in high-speed mobile scenarios, leading to inter-carrier interference and reduced communication system reliability. OTFS modulation, however, better adapts to dual-select channels in high-speed mobile scenarios, reducing signal distortion, lowering channel estimation difficulty, and improving communication system reliability. Multiple first OTFS frames are converted to the time-delay domain to obtain multiple second OTFS frames, which are then sent to the receiving end. This conversion enables the signal to be transmitted in the actual communication channel. Simultaneously, after processing in the time-delay Doppler domain, the signal's anti-fading performance in high-speed mobile scenarios is improved, thereby ensuring the stability and reliability of ad hoc network communication in high-speed mobile scenarios. Applying OTFS modulation technology to ad hoc network communication improves the reliability of ad hoc network communication systems in high-speed mobile scenarios, meeting the communication needs of each node in the ad hoc network when it is moving at high speed. Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the various methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by instructions, or by instructions controlling related hardware. These instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium and loaded and executed by a processor.

[0248] To this end, the present disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that can be loaded by a processor to perform the steps in any of the ad hoc network communication methods provided in the present disclosure.

[0249] For details on the implementation of each of the above operations, please refer to the previous examples, which will not be repeated here.

[0250] The computer-readable storage medium may include: read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), disk or optical disk, etc.

[0251] Since the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium can execute the steps in any of the ad hoc network communication methods provided in this disclosure, the beneficial effects that any of the ad hoc network communication methods provided in this disclosure can achieve can be realized, as detailed in the preceding embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0252] The above provides a detailed description of the self-organizing network communication method, apparatus, electronic device, and computer-readable storage medium provided in this disclosure. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, those skilled in the art will recognize that there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of the present invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-organizing network communication method, characterized in that, The method, executed by the sending end, includes: Based on the amount of data to be transmitted, determine the number and size of the orthogonal time-frequency space-time (OTFS) frames to be used; Based on the OTFS frame number and frame size, and the data to be transmitted, modulation symbols are generated; The pilot information and the modulation symbols are loaded into the time-delay Doppler domain to obtain multiple first OTFS frames; The plurality of first OTFS frames are converted to the time-delay domain to obtain a plurality of second OTFS frames; The plurality of second OTFS frames are processed to obtain target data; Send the target data to the receiving end; The determination of the number and size of orthogonal time-frequency space-time (OTFS) frames to be used based on the amount of data to be transmitted includes: The maximum path delay is determined based on the path delays corresponding to each scattering path between the transmitter and the receiver. The maximum path delay index is determined based on the maximum path delay, the number of subcarriers, and the subcarrier spacing. The target number of subcarriers is determined based on the maximum path delay index and the number of subcarriers. The first multi-carrier symbol number is determined based on the amount of data to be transmitted and the target number of subcarriers; Based on the maximum number of multicarrier symbols in the OTFS frame and the first number of multicarrier symbols, determine the number of orthogonal time-frequency space OTFS frames and the frame size corresponding to the data to be transmitted; The step of generating modulation symbols based on the OTFS frame number and frame size, and the data to be transmitted, includes: Based on the OTFS frame count and frame size, the amount of data to be supplemented is determined; Based on the data to be transmitted and the amount of data to be supplemented, the target data to be transmitted is determined; The target transmitted data is sequentially encoded, interleaved, and mapped by constellation to obtain modulation symbols; The process of interleaving the encoded target transmission data includes: The number of coded bits carried on each multicarrier symbol is determined based on the target number of subcarriers and the number of coded bits carried on each subcarrier. Based on the number of coded bits carried on each subcarrier, the number of target subcarriers, and the number of coded bits carried on each multicarrier symbol, the encoded target transmission data is interleaved.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of loading the pilot information and the modulation symbols into the time-delay Doppler domain to obtain multiple first OTFS frames includes: The pilot information is inserted at a first designated position in the time-delay Doppler domain; Based on preset deployment rules, the modulation symbol is inserted at a second specified position in the time-delay Doppler domain to obtain multiple first OTFS frames.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of processing the plurality of second OTFS frames to obtain target data includes: Each of the second OTFS frames is converted from parallel to serial to obtain the first serial data; Add cyclic prefix information to the first serial data to obtain the target data.

4. A self-organizing network communication method, characterized in that, The method, executed by the receiving end, includes: Obtain the target data sent by the sender; The target data is processed to obtain multiple second OTFS frames; Channel estimation is performed based on the pilot information in the second OTFS frame to obtain the channel estimation result; Based on the channel estimation results, the data to be processed in the second OTFS frame is equalized and demodulated to obtain the data to be transmitted. The target data is obtained by the transmitting end through processing based on modulation symbols. The modulation symbols are determined based on the OTFS frame number and frame size to determine the amount of data to be supplemented. Based on the data to be transmitted and the amount of data to be supplemented, the target transmission data is determined. The target transmission data is sequentially encoded, interleaved, and mapped by constellation to obtain modulation symbols. Pilot information and the modulation symbols are carried in the time-delay Doppler domain to obtain multiple first OTFS frames. The multiple first OTFS frames are converted to the time-delay domain to obtain multiple second OTFS frames. The multiple second OTFS frames are processed to obtain the target data. The number of OTFS frames and the frame size corresponding to the data to be transmitted are determined by the transmitting end based on the preset number of subcarriers and the amount of data to be transmitted, to determine the first number of multicarrier symbols, and then based on the maximum number of multicarrier symbols of the OTFS frame and the first number of multicarrier symbols. The process of determining the first multi-carrier symbol number based on a preset number of subcarriers and the amount of data to be transmitted includes: determining the maximum path delay based on the path delays corresponding to each scattering path between the transmitter and the receiver; determining the maximum path delay index based on the maximum path delay, the number of subcarriers, and the subcarrier interval; determining the target number of subcarriers based on the maximum path delay index and the number of subcarriers; and determining the first multi-carrier symbol number based on the amount of data to be transmitted and the target number of subcarriers. The process of interleaving the encoded target transmission data involves the transmitting end determining the number of coded bits on each multi-carrier symbol based on the number of target subcarriers and the number of coded bits on each subcarrier; and then interleaving the encoded target transmission data based on the number of coded bits on each subcarrier, the number of target subcarriers, and the number of coded bits on each multi-carrier symbol.

5. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1-3 or 4.

6. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1-3 or 4.

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