Deep mixing rotary tillage seed sowing machine and method for straw returning belt in dry alkali land

Abstract

The invention discloses a deep mixing rotary tillage seeding machine and method for a straw returning belt in a dry alkali land, and relates to the technical field of rotary cultivators, the machine comprises a rack assembly, and the rack assembly is provided with a straw raking device, a fertilizing assembly, a rotary tillage assembly, a seeding assembly, a pressing assembly and a power assembly; the rotary tillage assembly comprises a first rotary tillage assembly and a second rotary tillage assembly which are arranged front and back at an interval, and each of the first rotary tillage assembly and the second rotary tillage assembly comprises a cutter shaft in transmission connection with the power assembly and a plurality of rotary tillage cutters arranged on the cutter shaft; rotary tillage cutters in the first rotary tillage assembly are divided into deep rotary tillage cutters and shallow rotary tillage cutters, and the deep rotary tillage cutters and the shallow rotary tillage cutters are alternately arranged; rotary tillage cutters in the second rotary tillage assembly are shallow rotary tillage cutters. The machine tool can realize integrated operation of rotary tillage, fertilization, seeding and pressing, combines deep ploughing of land and drill seeding of dry alkaline wheat, not only can significantly improve the yield and quality of crops, but also plays a positive role in improvement of saline-alkali land and protection of ecological environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rotary tillers, and in particular to a machine and method for deep-mixing rotary tillage with straw returning in rows in arid-alkali land. Background Art

[0002] Saline-alkali land refers to land with excessively high salt content in the soil, which affects the normal growth of crops. The total area of ​​saline-alkali land in the world is about 954.38 million hectares, of which China accounts for 99.13 million hectares. China's saline-alkali land is mainly related to the accumulation of carbonates in the soil, resulting in a high degree of alkalinity, and plants in severe areas can hardly survive. Based on the cause and geographical location, China's saline-alkali land can be divided into five main areas:

[0003] Northwest sulfate saline-alkali land: mainly distributed in northwest my country, with high soil salt content, mainly sulfate. Low soil permeability and small porosity lead to severe soil compaction and difficulty in vegetation growth. At the same time, sulfate in the soil will also form soluble salts with other ions in the soil, lowering the soil pH and affecting the growth of crops.

[0004] Secondary saline-alkali land in the Hetao irrigation area: It usually occurs in irrigated agricultural areas. Due to unreasonable irrigation methods and management, the irrigation water contains salt and drainage is poor, resulting in salt accumulation in the soil.

[0005] Northeast Soda Saline-Alkali Land: Mainly distributed in Northeast my country, it has soda (sodium carbonate) as the main salt and the soil is strongly alkaline, which is extremely unfavorable for the growth of crops, leading to problems such as sparse vegetation and soil compaction.

[0006] North China saline-alkali land: mainly distributed in the North China Plain area, the soil salt content is high and unevenly distributed, which has a great impact on the growth of crops and may lead to reduced crop yields or even crop failure.

[0007] Coastal tidal flat saline-alkali land: mainly distributed in coastal areas, greatly affected by sea water, with high soil salt content, shallow groundwater level and high mineralization, and easily affected by natural factors such as sea breeze and sea fog.

[0008] According to the characteristics of saline-alkali land in these different regions, different treatment plans need to be adopted to reduce soil salt content, improve soil structure and increase soil fertility. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a suitable agricultural machinery, such as a deep mixing rotary sowing machine, which can improve agricultural production efficiency and crop yield in dry alkali land and promote sustainable agricultural development. Summary of the invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a dry-alkali land straw row belt deep mixing rotary tillage machine and method to solve the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, on the one hand, the present invention provides a dry-alkali land straw row-returning belt deep mixing rotary tillage machine, including a frame assembly, on which a straw raking device, a fertilizing assembly, a rotary tillage assembly, a sowing assembly, a suppression assembly and a power assembly are provided; the rotary tillage assembly includes a first rotary tillage assembly and a second rotary tillage assembly arranged at intervals in front and behind, the first rotary tillage assembly and the second rotary tillage assembly both include a knife shaft transmission-connected to the power assembly and a plurality of rotary tilling blades arranged on the knife shaft; the rotary tillage blades in the first rotary tillage assembly are divided into deep rotary tillage blades and shallow rotary tillage blades, and the deep rotary tillage blades and the shallow rotary tillage blades are arranged alternately; the rotary tillage blades in the second rotary tillage assembly are all shallow rotary tillage blades.

[0011] The advantages of the dry-alkali land straw row-returning deep rotary tillage machine proposed in the above technical scheme are: in order to make up for the shortcomings of the existing technology, the straw on both sides is concentrated in the deep rotary tillage belt through the straw raking device, and rotary tillage, fertilization, sowing and suppression are performed in one operation, and strip deep tillage can not only increase wheat yield, but also reduce the energy consumption of deep tillage.

[0012] As an optional method, the deep rotary tiller is arranged at the middle position of the knife shaft, and its tillage width is not less than the width of a sowing belt. The shallow rotary tiller is arranged on both sides of the deep rotary tiller, and the tillage width of the shallow rotary tiller on both sides is 1 times or 0.5 times the width of the sowing belt.

[0013] As an optional manner, a plurality of cutter discs are fixedly connected to the circumference of the cutter shaft at intervals along the axial direction, and the rotary tiller blade is fixed to the cutter disc by welding a blade guard.

[0014] As an optional method, the rotary tilling knives on two adjacent knife discs form an angle of 150 degrees.

[0015] As an optional manner, the straw-raising device includes a plurality of straw-raising notch discs adjustably arranged at the front end of the frame, and the straw-raising notch discs are toothed discs, and a sawtooth gap is formed between two adjacent teeth.

[0016] As an optional method, the straw raking device includes two 400mm toothed discs arranged at two edge positions and two 300mm toothed discs arranged at a middle position, and the two adjacent straw raking notched discs in the middle are arranged in an outward-facing "X" shape.

[0017] As an optional method, the suppression assembly includes two suppression legs connected to the left and right sides of the frame assembly, a suppression cantilever elastically hinged at the lower end of the suppression leg, a suppression shaft connected between the two suppression cantilevers, and two suppression rollers rotatably connected to the suppression shaft.

[0018] As an optional manner, a scraper plate is installed at the rear side of the pressing roller, and the scraper plate is close to or elastically pressed against the outer peripheral surface of the pressing roller to scrape off the accumulated soil on the surface of the pressing roller.

[0019] As an optional manner, the suppression cantilever is connected to the frame assembly through an adjusting screw, and a spring leg is arranged between one end of the suppression cantilever connected to the suppression shaft and the frame assembly.

[0020] As an optional method, the fertilization assembly includes a fertilizer box, an electronically controlled fertilizer discharger, and a fertilizer outlet of a dustpan. The electronically controlled fertilizer discharger includes a fertilizer discharger housing, a seed cleaning brush, an outer groove wheel, a retaining ring, a blocking wheel, a coupling, a meshing shaft and a motor.

[0021] As an optional manner, the sowing assembly includes a seed box, a seeder and a plurality of sowing legs located below the seeder, wherein the sowing legs are four 120 mm wide sowing legs arranged crosswise.

[0022] On the other hand, the present invention provides a method for deep-mixing tillage with straw in rows on arid-alkali land, using any of the above-mentioned deep-mixing tillage machines for straw in rows on arid-alkali land, the method comprising the following steps:

[0023] Step S1: straw row processing, including straw crushing and shallow rotary tillage;

[0024] Step S2: rotary tillage operation, including deep rotary tillage and shallow rotary tillage;

[0025] Step S3: fertilization operation, including electronically controlled fertilization and variable fertilization;

[0026] Step S4: sowing operation;

[0027] Step S5: Suppression operation;

[0028] Step S6: Crop rotation production to achieve alternating distribution of wheat sowing belts and straw return belts.

[0029] One possible method also includes automatically monitoring soil environmental parameters through an intelligent control system and adjusting the amount of fertilizer, tillage depth and sowing density based on real-time monitoring data.

[0030] The present invention has the following technical effects:

[0031] The agricultural machinery of the present invention has two main functions: strip tillage and deep tillage. This machinery can penetrate the plow bottom layer and increase the depth of soil tillage, thereby promoting the development of crop roots and thus increasing crop yields. It also increases wheat yields by taking advantage of the edge row effect, which is an agricultural technology that increases crop yields by optimizing crop row spacing.

[0032] In addition, the design of this machine also helps to reduce the energy consumption of deep tillage operations, which is crucial to improving the efficiency and sustainability of agricultural operations. Combining deep tillage with row sowing of dry alkali wheat technology can not only significantly improve the yield and quality of crops, but also play a positive role in improving saline-alkali land and protecting the ecological environment. This combined method not only improves the economic benefits of agriculture, but also enhances the sustainable development capacity of agriculture.

[0033] In general, the promotion and application of this technology has far-reaching significance for improving the agricultural structure and enhancing agricultural competitiveness. It helps to achieve the modernization of agricultural production and environmental sustainability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0035] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 Left side view of the middle machine;

[0037] Figure 3 It is a diagram of the internal structure of the machine according to the embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a first rotary tillage assembly in a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of a first side plate in a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of a second side plate in a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 It is a front view of a suppression assembly in a machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 8 A side view of a suppression assembly in a machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Fig. 9 It is an axonometric view of a suppression assembly in a machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Fig.10 It is a side view of a straw raking disc in the implement of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Fig.11 It is a top view of a straw raking disc in the machine of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Fig.12 It is an axonometric view of a straw raking disc in a machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Fig.13 It is a front cross-sectional view of an electric-controlled fertilizer dispenser in a machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Fig.14 It is a side sectional view of the electric-controlled fertilizer discharger in the machine according to the embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Fig.15 The farming principle of the machine of the embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0050] Fig.16 The farming principle of the machine of the embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 .

[0051] In the figure: 1, transmission connection; 2, frame assembly, 21, first side plate; 22, second side plate; 3, power assembly; 4, seed box; 5, fertilizer assembly; 51, dustpan fertilizer outlet; 52, electric control fertilizer discharger; 521, fertilizer discharger housing; 522, seed cleaning brush; 523, outer groove wheel; 524, retaining ring; 525, blocking wheel; 526, coupling; 527, meshing shaft; 6, straw raking gap disc; 61, sawtooth gap; 7, first rotary tillage assembly; 71, mixing rotary blade shaft; 72, shallow rotary tillage blade; 73, deep rotary tillage blade; 8, second rotary tillage assembly; 9, sowing assembly; 10, suppression assembly; 101, suppression leg; 102, suppression cantilever; 103, suppression shaft; 104, suppression roller; 105, soil entry gear ring; 11, seeder; 12, transmission shaft; 13, scraper plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] In view of the problems of heat transfer, cost and the inability to generate air circulation in the existing traditional wet method and dry prefabricated groove insulation module method, a deep mixing tillage machine and method for arid-alkali land straw return belt based on mechanical enhanced convection is proposed. The system is based on the principle of mechanical enhanced convection to achieve a more environmentally friendly, energy-saving and low-carbon building goal.

[0054] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0055] Reference Figures 1 to 16 The embodiment of the present invention provides a dry-alkali land straw row belt deep mixing rotary tillage implement, including a frame assembly, a transmission connection part 1 is provided at the front end of the frame assembly for connecting with an agricultural vehicle (such as a tractor), and a straw-collecting device, a fertilizer assembly 5, a rotary tillage assembly, a sowing assembly 9 and a suppression assembly 10 are sequentially provided on the frame assembly from front to back, as well as a power assembly 3, a fertilizer box, a seed box 4, etc. provided on the frame assembly. The implement of the present invention is designed for fertilization at the front end and sowing at the rear end, the straw-collecting device at the front side gathers weeds, the first rotary tillage assembly 7 in the rotary tillage assembly breaks the weeds and returns them to the field and applies fertilizers, and then the second rotary tillage assembly 8 performs a second rotary tillage on the land, and after sowing, the suppression assembly 10 levels the land, and the scraper plate 13 cleans the soil attached to the roller of the suppression assembly 10.

[0056] Specifically, Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the machine of the present invention is connected to the tractor through the transmission connection part 1 at the front end of the frame, and the power assembly 3 includes a transmission shaft 12, a reducer, a helical gear box and other systems. The tractor outputs power, which is transmitted to the reducer through the transmission connection part 1, and then transmitted to the rotary tillage assembly by the transmission shaft 12. The rotary tillage assembly is provided with two rows, including a first rotary tillage assembly 7 and a second rotary tillage assembly 8 arranged at intervals along the front and rear direction of the frame assembly. The first rotary tillage assembly 7 is connected to the reducer through the transmission shaft 12, and a helical gear box (such as a helical gear box) is provided between the second rotary tillage assembly 8 and the first rotary tillage assembly 7. The transmission shaft 12 transmits power to the first rotary tillage assembly 7, and then the helical gear box transmits power to the second rotary tillage assembly 8, so as to achieve the purpose of secondary rotary tillage.

[0057] The working principle of the dry-alkali land straw row belt deep mixing tillage machine disclosed in the above embodiment is as follows:

[0058] The machine is designed to fertilize at the front end and sow at the rear end. The straw-collecting device on the front side gathers weeds and straw in the deep tillage area, and the fertilizer leaks out of the fertilizer box and is sprinkled on the rotary tillage area through the fertilizer outlet 51 of the dustpan. The deep rotary tillage knife 73 breaks up the straw and returns it to the field and mixes it fully with the fertilizer. The land is then tilled for the second time by the secondary rotary tillage knife to make the fertilizer and soil mixed more fully. After two rotary tillages, the sowing assembly 9 sows the seeds in the deep tillage sowing belt. After sowing, the suppression assembly 10 levels the land, and the scraper plate 13 on the rear side of the suppression roller 104 scrapes off the soil adhering to the suppression roller 104, completing the entire rotary tillage and sowing process.

[0059] In the above embodiment, the straw-collecting device includes a plurality of straw-collecting notch discs 6, a motor seat, and a centering cutter structural component. The straw-collecting device can adjust the angle and height to adapt to the height of different weeds and straws, improve the collection efficiency, and the straw-collecting device can also adjust the rotation speed and cutting capacity so that the straw-collecting device can better adapt to straws and weeds of different types and densities. The motor in the straw-collecting device drives the straw-collecting notch discs 6 to rotate, the cylinder controls the centering cutter to rise and fall, and the rodless electric cylinder controls the overall left and right movement to achieve the horizontal or oblique cutting function of the material. This structure can be installed on a vertical frame or a frame with a certain angle. The installation method of the straw-collecting notch discs 6 requires that the straw-collecting notch discs 6 must be installed firmly, symmetrically with the rotation center plane of the saw blade, and the distance between the cutting edge of the dividing knife and the tip of the saw teeth has specific requirements, and the dividing knife should be able to be adjusted up and down and front and back on the plane of the saw blade.

[0060] In the above embodiment, the structure of the straw-collecting notched disc 6 is as follows: Figures 10 to 12 As shown, the straw-collecting notch disc 6 is a toothed disc with a notch, a tooth width of 50 mm, a depth of 60 mm, and a sawtooth gap 61 between two teeth. The straw-collecting notch disc 6 is arranged obliquely, and the weeds in the 600 mm sowing belt are fully cut off and gathered in the deep tillage belt. The larger sawtooth gap 61 is conducive to reducing the collision with the front soil block during the forward movement of the straw-collecting strip deep mixing rotary sowing machine for arid alkaline land, reducing the resistance of the strip deep mixing rotary sowing machine and preventing weed leakage.

[0061] In some embodiments, in order to make it easier to chop weeds and straw, the straw-grabbing notch disc 6 is arranged in an outward eight-character arrangement, so as to gather the straw and the deep plowing area. The straw-grabbing device can adjust the height and angle to adapt to the height of different weeds and straws, and can also adjust the rotation speed and cutting capacity to adapt to different types and densities of straw and weeds. The straw-grabbing device includes four straw-grabbing notch discs 6 arranged along the width direction of the frame assembly. The two straw-grabbing notch discs 6 on both sides are rotatable 400mm toothed discs, which can be rotated and fixed at different angles by buckles, and the height can be adjusted up and down by rotating the screw rod, so as to achieve the best straw-grabbing effect. The middle straw-grabbing notch disc 6 is fixed with square steel with adjustable angle, and two rotatable 300mm toothed discs are installed on each side, arranged in an outward eight-character arrangement, so as to achieve a straw-grabbing range of 600mm, and the straw on the front side of the straw-grabbing device is gathered in the deep plowing area.

[0062] One object of the present invention is to realize a mixed mode of deep rotary tillage and shallow rotary tillage sowing. To this end, the rotary tillage blades in the first rotary tillage assembly 7 of the present invention are arranged alternately in a deep rotary knife and a shallow rotary knife, and the rotary tillage blades in the second rotary tillage assembly 8 are all shallow rotary knives. The deep tillage sowing strip and the shallow tillage sowing strip are spaced 600 mm apart to realize the rotation production of drought-alkali wheat strips, which can increase wheat yield by utilizing the side row effect, break the plow bottom layer, increase the thickness of the tillage layer, and increase crop yield.

[0063] To achieve the above technical purpose, in this embodiment, the structure of the first rotary tillage assembly 7 is as follows: Figure 7 The first rotary tillage assembly 7 includes a mixed rotary blade shaft 71, a shallow rotary tillage blade 72 and a deep rotary tillage blade 73. The mixed rotary blade shaft 71 is 1170 mm long and transmits power to both sides through a reducer. A blade disc with a diameter of 370 mm is welded on the mixed rotary blade shaft 71. The blade disc is used to install the rotary tillage blade and is fixed by welding a blade guard. The deep rotary tillage blade 73 uses a T265 rotary tillage blade, and the shallow rotary tillage blade 72 uses a T245 rotary tillage blade. The deep rotary tillage blade 73 is arranged in the axial middle position of the mixing rotary blade shaft 71 and is fixed on the blade disc with screws, covering a tillage width of 60 mm. In some embodiments, the shallow rotary tillage blades 72 on both sides also have a covering length of 60 mm, ensuring that the straw-row deep mixing rotary tillage seeder for arid and alkaline land has a deep and shallow rotary tillage width of 600 mm for reciprocating, realizing the strip sowing side row effect. Real-time monitoring and adjustment functions are used during the rotary tillage process to ensure that the optimal rotary tillage depth and quality can be achieved under different soil conditions.

[0064] The second rotary tillage assembly 8 includes a rotary tillage blade shaft and a plurality of secondary rotary tillage blades fixedly connected to the circumference of the rotary tillage blade shaft. The secondary rotary tillage blades are all T195 rotary tillage blades to achieve shallow rotary tillage. The secondary rotary tillage blades break up the residual soil in the land. During the rotary tillage process, the rotary tillage depth is monitored and adjusted in real time to achieve precision agriculture.

[0065] In some embodiments, the tilling width of the deep rotary tiller 73 in the first rotary tilling assembly 7 is 60 mm, and the tilling width of the shallow rotary tiller 72 on both sides is 300 mm. In order to achieve the condition of 600 mm round trip tilling once, the deep rotary tiller 73 enters the soil to reach 380 mm, and four deep rotary tiller blades 73 are installed on each cutter disc at the deep tilling position of the mixing blade shaft 71, and the angle between the deep rotary tiller blades 73 on the two adjacent cutter discs is 150 degrees. Two shallow rotary tiller blades 72 are installed on each cutter disc at the shallow tilling position, and the angle between the shallow rotary tiller blades 72 on the two adjacent cutter discs is 150 degrees.

[0066] In some embodiments, the deep rotary tiller 73 in the first rotary tiller assembly 7 welds the blade guard to the cutter disc and cuts into the cutter disc 40 mm. The weld is required to be continuous and uninterrupted, the seam width is not greater than 1.5 times the plate thickness, and there is no spatter around, so as to achieve a 380 mm rotary tiller penetration depth and rotary tiller strength.

[0067] In some embodiments, the deep tillage part of the first rotary tillage assembly 7 has a tillage depth of 380 mm, and a T265 rotary tiller is fixed on the blade guard and welded to a cutter disc with a diameter of 380 mm. In order to prevent blockage during deep tillage, four round holes are left on the cutter disc, which not only reduces the weight of the cutter disc but also reduces the possibility of insufficient tillage depth due to soil blockage. The shallow rotary tillage blade 72 uses a T225 rotary tiller to reach a tillage depth of 180 mm. For strip sowing, deep tillage and shallow tillage are required. Four rotary tillers are installed on the deep tillage part to achieve the purpose of rotary tillage, and two rotary tillers are installed on the shallow tillage part.

[0068] In some embodiments, the secondary tillage blade installed on the tillage blade shaft of the second tillage assembly 8 is a shallow-rotating tillage blade 72, which can loosen the soil to make the tillage more fine, change the soil structure to make the soil fine and uniform without large clods, and increase the air permeability of the soil to provide a good growth environment for crops. The secondary tillage blade uses a T195 tillage blade, and two tillage blades are installed in each part, and the angle between adjacent tillage blades is 150 degrees.

[0069] In the above embodiment, the frame assembly has a first side plate and a second side plate 22, and its structure is as follows: Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown. Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the first side plate of the frame assembly is made of Q235 steel with a thickness of 12mm and the reducer position is fixed on the first side plate by welding a crossbeam. The weld of the Q235 steel plate is not easy to crack. Figure 6 As shown, the second side plate 22 of the frame assembly is made of Q235 steel with a thickness of 12 mm. The second side plate 22 and the first side plate are fixed together by screws through holes. The second side plate 22 is fixed to the rear crossbeam by five screws to fix the sowing legs and the suppression assembly 10 on the crossbeam.

[0070] In the above embodiment, fertilization is performed by electronically controlled fertilization, and the fertilization assembly 5 includes a fertilizer box, an electronically controlled fertilizer discharger, and a dustpan fertilizer outlet 51, wherein the fertilizer box is fixedly connected to the frame assembly, and the fertilizer discharge is controlled by the electronically controlled fertilizer discharger, and the fertilizer discharged by the electronically controlled fertilizer discharger is evenly dispersed to the ground through the dustpan fertilizer outlet 51. The above-mentioned fertilization assembly 5 is connected to the control unit, and can be accurately and specifically set according to the requirements of the fertilizer application amount, in order to achieve variable fertilization and improve the uniformity and accuracy of fertilization. When the machine is operating, the control unit obtains the real-time forward speed of the machine from the Beidou navigation autopilot, and after processing, controls and adjusts the speed of the electronically controlled fertilizer discharger of the outer groove wheel 523 to achieve adaptive controlled fertilizer discharge, thereby ensuring the uniformity of fertilizer discharge and achieving more uniform and accurate fertilizer distribution; it supports a variety of fertilization formulas and ratio settings to meet the needs of different crops and soils.

[0071] In some embodiments, the structure of the electric controlled fertilizer dispenser is as follows: Fig.13and Fig.14 As shown, the electric controlled fertilizer dispensing device mainly consists of a fertilizer dispensing device housing 521, a seed cleaning brush 522, an outer groove wheel 523, a retaining ring 524, a blocking wheel 525, a coupling 526, a meshing shaft 527 and a motor. The outer groove wheel 523, the blocking wheel 525, the retaining rings 524 at both ends and the seed cleaning brush 522 are installed on the outer shell of the fertilizer dispensing device, and the outer shell of the fertilizer dispensing device can be connected to external devices such as a fertilizer box and a fertilizer dispensing pipe as a bracket. The motor is connected to the outer groove wheel 523 through a coupling 526 and a meshing shaft 527 to drive the outer groove wheel 523 to rotate. The effective working length of the outer groove wheel 523 can be adjusted, and the blocking wheel 525 is not only coaxial with the outer groove wheel 523, but also has the same outer diameter. The axial position of the moving blocking wheel 525 can change the effective working length of the outer groove wheel 523. When the machine is working, the control unit obtains the real-time forward speed of the machine from the Beidou navigation autopilot. After the treatment, the rotation speed of the outer groove wheel 523 electric-controlled fertilizer discharger is controlled and adjusted to realize adaptive controlled fertilizer discharge, thereby ensuring the uniformity of fertilizer discharge.

[0072] In the above embodiment, the sowing assembly 9 includes a seed box 4, a seeder 11 and a plurality of sowing legs located below the seeder 11. The sowing legs are arranged crosswise with four 120mm wide sowing legs, which can reduce the possibility of soil blocking and completely cover the 600mm sowing width. After sowing, a roller with a length of 2385mm and a diameter of 375mm is installed to suppress the sown land, and a scraper 13 is used to peel off the attached roller. Considering the phenomenon of splashing during sowing, four sowing legs are installed in the 600mm sowing belt to achieve full coverage of sowing in the sowing belt, and the sowing legs are staggered to avoid blockage; the sowing legs are installed on the truss that can be adjusted up and down through buckles, and can be adjusted up and down through the height of the sowing into the soil to achieve the best sowing efficiency.

[0073] In the above embodiment, the structure of the suppression assembly 10 is as follows: Figures 7 to 9As shown, the suppression assembly 10 includes a suppression leg 101 connected to the frame assembly, a suppression cantilever 102 elastically hinged at the lower end of the suppression leg 101, a suppression shaft 103 connected between the two suppression cantilever 102 on both sides of the frame assembly, and two suppression rollers 104 rotatably connected to the suppression shaft 103, and a ground-entering toothed ring 105 is fixedly connected to one end surface of the two suppression rollers 104. The outer periphery of the suppression roller 104 is connected with at least one circle of ground-entering toothed ring 105 (the ground-entering toothed ring 105 can be set on one side or both sides of the suppression roller 104 or at any position on the suppression shaft 103). In this embodiment, the ground-entering toothed ring 105 is a bent angle steel welded on the outer periphery of one side of the suppression roller 104 to enhance the ground-entering performance. At the same time, in order to prevent the soil from sticking to the pressing roller 104 and reducing the working efficiency of the pressing roller 104, a scraper plate 13 is installed on the rear side of the pressing roller 104. The scraper plate 13 is close to or elastically pressed against the outer peripheral surface of the pressing roller 104 to scrape off the excessively thick soil, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the pressing assembly 10 during operation and improving the pressing efficiency. The pressing assembly 10 is pressed by the spring legs, and the pressing force applied by the pressing assembly 10 to the ground can be adjusted by adjusting the screw rod to change the pressing effect.

[0074] In some embodiments, the pressing roller 104 is a 2380 mm roller, which is connected through a hexagonal rod and has spring pressing legs 101 on both sides, which can improve the pressing efficiency and transmit power to the sowing assembly 9 through a transmission rod connected to the pressing legs 101.

[0075] In some embodiments, the reducer in the power assembly 3 uses a ten-mode large box, the center distance of the helical gear box is 830mm, and the ten-mode large box fixing plate is fixed to the rotary tiller by welding. The weld is required to be neat and free of bubbles, the seam width is not greater than 1.5 times the plate thickness, and there is no splash around the weld. The ten-mode large box is connected by M24×50 hexagonal bolts, and the helical gear box is fixed to the side plate of the frame assembly by M16×80 bolts through the helical gear box and the bearing. The reducer is installed in the middle position of the machine tool in this embodiment, and the helical gear box is installed on one side. The reducer and the lower side of the helical gear box are both provided with plowshares, wherein the plowshare on the lower side of the helical gear box plays a role in entering the ground and protecting the helical gear box.

[0076] In some embodiments, the present invention adopts an intelligent control system, which includes automatic monitoring of environmental parameters such as soil moisture and soil salt content, and adjusts the amount of fertilizer, rotary tillage depth and sowing density according to real-time monitoring data to achieve precision agriculture. The integrated intelligent control system of the rotary tiller is composed of multiple modules, which interact with each other through precise logical relationships and links to achieve automatic and intelligent control of the rotary tiller. The following are the link relationships and logical relationships between the modules:

[0077] Control module: This is the brain of the entire system, consisting of a microprocessor, responsible for real-time monitoring of the status of the agricultural machinery, collecting various data, and controlling the travel, tillage depth, speed, etc. of the agricultural machinery according to preset programs and algorithms. The control module will also adjust the control parameters according to changes in the external environment.

[0078] Sensor module: including different types of sensors such as soil temperature, humidity, meteorological information, air pressure, color, etc. These sensors are responsible for obtaining farmland environmental parameter information in real time and transmitting data to the control module. The speed sensor monitors the speed of the rotary tiller, the inclination sensor monitors the tilt of the rotary tiller, and the displacement sensor monitors the depth of rotary tillage.

[0079] Execution module: Operates according to the instructions of the control module, starts the engine, adjusts the rotary tillage depth, and controls the hydraulic system. The execution module includes motors, hydraulic cylinders, and solenoid valves, which are directly connected to the mechanical parts of the agricultural machinery to achieve precise physical operations.

[0080] Data transmission module: responsible for transmitting the data collected by the sensor and the instructions of the control module to the monitoring terminal, and transmitting the operator's instructions to the control module.

[0081] Sensors detect the external environment and the status of agricultural machinery and collect data.

[0082] The data transmission module sends the collected data to the control module.

[0083] The control module analyzes the data and generates instructions based on the preset control strategy.

[0084] The execution module receives instructions and performs corresponding physical operations.

[0085] Automatic control of tillage depth and levelness: Through the reference surface monitoring device, inclination sensor, rotary encoder and displacement sensor, the system can monitor the actual tillage depth of the rotary tiller and automatically adjust to maintain the set depth to ensure the flatness and depth consistency of the cultivated land.

[0086] Remote monitoring and operation: Using the wireless data transceiver module and the data acquisition and processing module, the operating status of the rotary tiller can be remotely monitored and controlled through a mobile phone or computer, realizing intelligent operation and improving operation accuracy, quality and efficiency.

[0087] Data collection and analysis: The system can collect data during the operation, such as tillage depth, vehicle speed, and furrow length, and provide decision support for agricultural production through data analysis.

[0088] The farming principle of the machine according to the embodiment of the present invention is as follows: Fig.15 and Fig.16 As shown, Fig.15A in the middle indicates the non-sowing zone of drought-alkali wheat, B indicates the straw return zone, and C indicates the zone without straw return.

[0089] like Fig.15 and Fig.16 As shown, the farming principle of the machine of the embodiment of the present invention is as follows: after the corn straw is harvested and crushed, it is concentrated in the non-sowing belt of dry-alkali wheat by a rowing machine, and the land is shallowly rotatable by a rotary tiller to form a straw return belt; dry-alkali wheat is sown on the non-straw return belt, and after the dry-alkali wheat is harvested, summer corn is sown on the straw return belt of the previous crop, forming an alternating distribution of wheat sowing belt and straw return belt. After the dry-alkali wheat sowing belt is rotatably tilled by the deep rotary tillage blade 73, the straw return belt is rotatably tilled by the shallow rotary tillage blade 72, and then the dry-alkali wheat sowing belt is sown by the seeder 11, and finally the sown land is compacted by the pressing assembly 10.

[0090] The present invention also provides a method for deep-mixing tillage with straw in rows on arid-alkali land, using the above-mentioned machine for deep-mixing tillage with straw in rows on arid-alkali land, the method comprises the following steps:

[0091] Step S1: Straw return processing

[0092] The corn straw after harvest is crushed by the straw raking device and concentrated in the non-sowing belt of dry-alkali wheat, and the land is shallowly rafted by the rotary tillage assembly to form a straw return belt;

[0093] Step S2: Rotary tillage operation

[0094] The rotary tillage assembly is used to perform deep rotary tillage on the drought-alkali wheat sowing belt to break the plow bottom layer and increase the thickness of the tillage layer; the rotary tillage assembly is used to perform shallow rotary tillage on the straw return belt to fully mix the straw with the soil;

[0095] Step S3: Fertilization

[0096] The fertilizer application is controlled by the fertilization assembly 5, and the fertilizer is evenly distributed on the ground. The real-time forward speed of the deep mixing rotary tillage implement is automatically obtained according to the Beidou navigation, and the speed of the electric control fertilizer discharger is controlled and adjusted to realize adaptive control of fertilizer discharge;

[0097] Step S4: sowing operation

[0098] Sowing seeds in the deep tillage sowing belt by means of the sowing assembly 9;

[0099] Step S5: Suppression operation

[0100] After sowing, the land is leveled using the pressing assembly 10, and the sown land is compacted by the pressing roller 104 to ensure good contact between the soil and the seeds.

[0101] Step S6: Crop rotation production

[0102] After the harvest of drought-resistant alkali wheat, summer corn is sown on the straw returning belt from the previous crop, forming an alternating distribution of wheat sowing belts and straw returning belts.

[0103] In the above method, the environmental parameters such as soil moisture and salt content are automatically monitored through an intelligent control system, and the amount of fertilizer, tillage depth and sowing density are adjusted according to real-time monitoring data to achieve precision agriculture.

[0104] In the above method, the deep rotary tillage depth in the rotary tillage operation is at least 380 mm, and the shallow rotary tillage depth is 180 mm;

[0105] In the above method, the sowing operation adopts belt sowing technology, and the width of the sowing belt is 600mm.

[0106] In the above method, in the crop rotation production, the drought-resistant alkali wheat sowing belts and the straw returning belts are alternately distributed to achieve strip crop rotation production.

[0107] Through the above steps, efficient cultivation of dry-alkali land can be achieved, crop yield and quality can be improved, saline-alkali land can be improved, and the ecological environment can be protected. This farming method combines a number of agricultural technologies such as deep plowing, strip sowing, and straw return to the field, aiming to achieve modernization of agricultural production and environmental sustainability.

[0108] Compared with the prior art, the dry-alkali land straw return belt deep mixing tillage machine and method disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention at least discloses the following beneficial effects:

[0109] In terms of deep tillage of land, deep tillage generally refers to turning the soil deeply to improve the soil structure and increase the aeration of the soil. The following are the benefits that the embodiments of the present invention may bring in terms of deep tillage:

[0110] (1) Improve soil structure: Deep tillage can break up the hard layer in the soil and increase the porosity of the soil, thus facilitating the growth and development of plant roots;

[0111] (2) Increase aeration: Deep plowing can improve soil ventilation and help the respiration of plant roots;

[0112] (3) Improve soil fertility: Deep plowing can mix organic matter and minerals from the surface of the soil into the deeper soil layers, which helps improve soil fertility;

[0113] (4) Promote water penetration: Improving soil structure can increase the soil's water retention capacity and promote the uniform distribution of water in the soil;

[0114] (5) Reduce pests and diseases: Deep plowing can move pests and diseases on the surface of the soil into the deeper layers, reducing the damage caused by pests and diseases to crops;

[0115] (6) Improve crop yields: Through the above-mentioned improvements, deep tillage helps to improve crop yield and quality;

[0116] (7) Promote the development of crop roots: Deep tillage of the soil can encourage crop roots to grow downward to find more water and nutrients;

[0117] (8) Beneficial to crop rotation and soil health: Deep tillage helps improve soil health and provides a good soil environment for crop rotation.

[0118] In terms of band seeding, band seeding is an agricultural planting technique, which generally refers to sowing crop seeds in a field at a specific spacing and arrangement during sowing. This technique can bring the following beneficial effects:

[0119] (1) Improve land utilization: Strip seeding can make more effective use of land resources and increase the number of crops per unit area by rationally planning the planting spacing of crops;

[0120] (2) Improve ventilation and light transmission conditions: Keeping a certain distance between crops can reduce mutual shading, improve ventilation and light transmission in the field, and facilitate crop growth and photosynthesis;

[0121] (3) Reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases: Reasonable planting spacing helps reduce the spread of pests and diseases, because pests and diseases tend to spread more easily between densely planted crops;

[0122] (4) Convenient field management: Tape seeding makes field management more convenient, for example, irrigation, fertilization and pest control can be carried out more accurately;

[0123] (5) Improve crop yield and quality: By improving the crop growth environment and field management, belt seeding helps to improve crop yield and quality;

[0124] (6) Save water resources: A reasonable planting pattern can reduce water waste and improve water utilization, which is particularly important in arid areas;

[0125] (7) Adapt to mechanized operations: The sowing mode adapts to the mechanized operations of modern agriculture and can improve the efficiency of sowing, harvesting and other operations;

[0126] (8) Promote the development of crop roots: Appropriate planting spacing helps the expansion of crop roots, thereby improving the crop's ability to absorb soil nutrients and water.

[0127] The details not described in detail in the present invention are all conventional technical means well known to those skilled in the art.

[0128] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0129] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A straw row belt deep mixing tillage machine for arid alkaline land, characterized in that: The invention comprises a frame assembly, on which a straw raking device, a fertilizing assembly (5), a rotary tillage assembly, a sowing assembly (9), a suppression assembly (10) and a power assembly (3) are arranged; the rotary tillage assembly comprises a first rotary tillage assembly (7) and a second rotary tillage assembly (8) which are arranged at intervals in front and behind, the first rotary tillage assembly (7) and the second rotary tillage assembly (8) both comprise a knife shaft which is transmission-connected to the power assembly (3) and a plurality of rotary tillage blades arranged on the knife shaft; the rotary tillage blades in the first rotary tillage assembly (7) are divided into deep rotary tillage blades (73) and shallow rotary tillage blades (72), and the deep rotary tillage blades (73) and the shallow rotary tillage blades (72) are arranged alternately; the rotary tillage blades in the second rotary tillage assembly (8) are all shallow rotary tillage blades (72).

2. The dry-alkali land straw row belt deep mixing tillage machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deep rotary tiller (73) is arranged at the middle position of the knife shaft, and its tillage width is not less than the width of a sowing belt. The shallow rotary tiller (72) is arranged on both sides of the deep rotary tiller (73), and the tillage width of the shallow rotary tiller (72) on both sides is 1 times or 0.5 times the width of the sowing belt.

3. The dry-alkali land straw row belt deep mixing tillage machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of cutter discs are fixedly connected to the circumferential side of the cutter shaft at intervals along the axial direction, and the rotary tiller blade is fixed to the cutter disc by welding a blade guard.

4. The dry-alkali land straw row belt deep mixing tillage machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rotary tilling knives on two adjacent knife discs form an angle of 150 degrees.

5. The dry-alkali land straw row belt deep mixing tillage machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The straw-raising device comprises a plurality of straw-raising notch discs (6) which are adjustably arranged at the front end of a frame. The straw-raising notch discs (6) are toothed discs, and a sawtooth gap (61) is formed between two adjacent teeth.

6. The dry-alkali land straw row belt deep mixing tillage machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The straw raking device comprises two 400 mm toothed discs arranged at two edge positions and two 300 mm toothed discs arranged at a middle position, and two adjacent straw raking notched discs (6) in the middle are arranged in an outward-facing "X" shape.

7. The dry-alkali land straw row belt deep mixing tillage machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The suppression assembly (10) comprises two suppression legs (101) connected to the left and right sides of the frame assembly, a suppression cantilever (102) elastically hinged at the lower ends of the suppression legs (101), a suppression shaft (103) connected between the two suppression cantilever arms (102), and two suppression rollers (104) rotatably connected to the suppression shaft (103).

8. The dry-alkali land straw row belt deep mixing tillage machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: A scraper plate (13) is installed at the rear side of the pressing roller (104). The scraper plate (13) is close to or elastically pressed against the outer peripheral surface of the pressing roller (104) to scrape off the accumulated soil on the surface of the pressing roller (104).

9. A method for deep-mixing tillage with straw in rows on arid-alkali land, using the deep-mixing tillage machine with straw in rows on arid-alkali land according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: straw row processing, including straw crushing and shallow rotary tillage; Step S2: rotary tillage operation, including deep rotary tillage and shallow rotary tillage; Step S3: fertilization operation, including electronically controlled fertilization and variable fertilization; Step S4: sowing operation; Step S5: Suppression operation; Step S6: Crop rotation production to achieve alternating distribution of wheat sowing belts and straw return belts.

10. The method for deep-mixing tillage in arid-alkali land using straw return rows according to claim 9, characterized in that: It also includes automatic monitoring of soil environmental parameters through an intelligent control system, and adjusting the amount of fertilizer, tillage depth and sowing density based on real-time monitoring data.

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