Polymer treatment method and carbon material

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of polymer processing treatment, and particularly relates to a polymer treatment method and a carbon material. The polymer treatment method comprises the following steps that materials are prepared, a polymer material, ultrasonic vibration machining equipment and a mold are prepared, the ultrasonic vibration machining equipment is provided with a telescopic punch and transmits high-frequency vibration, and the mold is provided with a mold cavity for containing the polymer material; assembling is conducted, specifically, a punch stretches into the die cavity and abuts against the polymer material; and primary carbonization: the ultrasonic vibration processing equipment drives the punch to perform ultrasonic vibration, so that the punch vibrates and punches the polymer material, and the polymer material is heated, melted and carbonized. Under the action of ultrasonic vibration, plastic can be sharply decomposed, deteriorated and discolored, meanwhile, the punch applies certain pressure to the plastic, finally, under the combined action of ultrasonic vibration, high frequency and the like, the plastic is carbonized and converted into a carbon material, generation of pollutants in the generation process can be reduced, and the machining efficiency is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of polymer processing, and in particular relates to a polymer processing method and a carbon material. Background Art

[0002] At present, the rapid increase in demand for plastic products and processing volume has placed a huge burden on the environment and caused serious environmental pollution problems. How to effectively decompose and reuse plastics has become the key to solving plastic pollution.

[0003] Traditional methods of dealing with waste plastics mainly include landfill and incineration. The challenges of landfill treatment include: first, waste plastics are difficult to degrade in the short term, so they occupy a large amount of valuable land resources; second, they reduce the air permeability and permeability of the soil, damage the soil quality, and have an adverse effect on plant growth; finally, this treatment method leads to an extreme waste of huge resources. Incineration treatment faces different problems: on the one hand, high-temperature combustion can easily damage the incineration equipment and bring technical challenges; on the other hand, waste plastics are prone to generate harmful substances such as dioxins, hydrogen chloride and heavy metals during the incineration process. These substances are highly toxic and may cause serious secondary environmental pollution.

[0004] For the treatment of waste plastics, conventional physical or chemical treatment methods usually face problems such as low processing efficiency, high energy consumption and serious secondary pollution. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a method for processing polymers, aiming to solve the problem of how to decompose plastics and reduce secondary pollution.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted in this application is: In a first aspect, a method for treating a polymer is provided, comprising the following steps: Prepare materials, including polymer materials, ultrasonic vibration processing equipment and a mold, wherein the ultrasonic vibration processing equipment has a retractable punch, and the mold has a mold cavity for placing the polymer materials; Assembling, extending the punch into the die cavity and pre-compacting the polymer material; In the primary carbonization, the ultrasonic vibration processing equipment drives the punch to perform ultrasonic vibration, so that the punch vibrates and presses the polymer material, so that the polymer material heats up, melts and carbonizes.

[0007] In some embodiments, the primary carbonization step comprises the following steps: S31: Vibration stage, the punch performs ultrasonic vibration on the polymer material for a first predetermined time; S32: During the pressure-holding stage, the punch stops vibrating, presses the polymer material downward, and holds the pressure for a second predetermined time.

[0008] In some embodiments, the polymer treatment method further comprises a secondary carbonization step, wherein the secondary carbonization step comprises the following steps: S41: taking out a portion of the polymer material in the mold cavity, and separating another portion of the polymer material bonded to the punch; S42: combining the two parts of the polymer materials and placing them into the mold cavity; S43: Repeat the carbonization step.

[0009] In some embodiments, the secondary carbonization step is repeated multiple times.

[0010] In some embodiments, in the step S42, the material of the central region of the polymer material is adjusted to the edge region, and the material of the edge region of the polymer material is adjusted to the central region.

[0011] In some embodiments, in the step S42, the material on the surface of the polymer material is adjusted to the inside thereof, and the material inside the polymer material is adjusted to the outside thereof.

[0012] In some embodiments, there is a gap between the side surface of the punch and the cavity wall of the die cavity.

[0013] In some embodiments, the ultrasonic vibration output by the ultrasonic vibration processing equipment is an ultrasonic wave, and the ultrasonic wave is a longitudinal wave or a transverse wave.

[0014] In some embodiments, the mold is located in a vacuum environment, a liquid environment, or an inert gas environment.

[0015] In a second aspect, a carbon material is provided, which is prepared by the polymer processing method.

[0016] The beneficial effect of the present application is that when the ultrasonic punch acts on thermoplastic plastic, it will generate high-frequency vibrations of tens of thousands of times per second. The ultrasonic punch transmits the high-frequency vibrations to the plastic, causing the plastic to vibrate. During the vibration, the molecules of the plastic rub violently, generating a large amount of heat, thereby heating the plastic. Due to the poor thermal conductivity of the plastic, the heat of the plastic cannot be dissipated in time in a short period of time, and accumulates inside the plastic, especially in the area close to the contact surface, causing the plastic to generate instantaneous high temperature. Under the action of high temperature, the plastic decomposes rapidly, deteriorates and changes color. At the same time, the punch applies a certain pressure to the plastic, which eventually causes the plastic to be carbonized and converted into carbon material. No other pollutants are generated during the generation process, and the processing efficiency is high. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or exemplary technical descriptions will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the polymer processing method provided in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a polymer processing method provided by another embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 This is a flow chart of a polymer processing method provided in yet another embodiment of the present application.

[0019] Among them, the reference numerals in the figure are: 10. Punch; 20. Mold; 21. Mold cavity; 30. Plastic; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present application.

[0021] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed on" or "disposed on" another component, it may be directly on the other component or indirectly on the other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it may be directly or indirectly connected to the other component. The orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances. The terms "first" and "second" are only used for the purpose of convenience of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features. The meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0022] See also Figures 1 to 3 The embodiment of the present application provides a method for processing a polymer, which is used to process and treat a polymer material so that the polymer material can be degraded and carbonized into a new carbon material, wherein the polymer material can be waste plastic 30, and the waste plastic 30 can be prepared into a solid carbon material, such as activated carbon, carbon nanotubes and carbon fibers.

[0023] The plastic may be polyethylene (PE, including high-density polyethylene HDPE and low-density polyethylene LDPE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyamide (PA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyurethane (PU), polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyphenylene ether (PPO), polyoxymethylene (POM), epoxy resin (EP), phenolic resin (PF), melamine formaldehyde resin (MF), unsaturated polyester resin (UPR), polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), etc., that is, the plastic may be carbon-based plastic or non-carbon-based plastic, and there is no restriction here, and the selection may be made according to the actual situation.

[0024] See also Figures 1 to 3 , the polymer treatment method comprises the following steps: S1: preparing materials, preparing polymer material, ultrasonic vibration processing equipment and mold 20, wherein the ultrasonic vibration processing equipment has a retractable punch 10, and the mold 20 has a mold cavity 21 for placing the polymer material; it can be understood that the polymer material can be waste plastic 30, which is cut into pieces, cleaned and dried, and then placed in the mold cavity 21, the shape of the mold cavity 21 is adapted to the shape of the punch 10, and the mold cavity 21 has an upward opening; S2: Assembling, lowering the punch 10 and extending it into the mold cavity 21 through the opening of the mold cavity 21 and abutting against the polymer material; S3: primary carbonization: the ultrasonic vibration processing equipment drives the punch 10 to ultrasonically vibrate in the vertical direction, so that the punch 10 ultrasonically vibrates and presses the polymer material, so that the polymer material heats up, melts and carbonizes.

[0025] See also Figures 1 to 3 It is understandable that when the ultrasonic punch 10 acts on the thermoplastic plastic 30, it will generate high-frequency vibrations of tens of thousands of times per second. During the vibration process, the molecules of the plastic 30 rub violently, generating a large amount of heat, thereby heating the plastic 30. Due to the poor thermal conductivity of the plastic 30, the heat of the plastic 30 cannot be dissipated in time in a short period of time, and accumulates inside the plastic 30, especially in the area close to the contact surface, causing the plastic 30 to generate instantaneous high temperature. Under the action of high temperature, the plastic 30 decomposes rapidly, deteriorates and changes color. At the same time, the punch 10 applies a certain pressure to the plastic 30, continuously squeezes the plastic 30, and finally carbonizes the plastic 30 and converts it into carbon material. No other pollutants are generated during the generation process, and the processing efficiency is high.

[0026] Optionally, a rubber polarizer is installed between the punch 10 and the amplitude modulator to prevent parts from being worn and to ensure that the threaded connection between the two is tight. The mold 20 is manually adjusted to ensure that its corresponding position with the punch 10 can be accurately aligned. Next, the mold 20 is firmly mounted on the ultrasonic vibration platform using a clamping device, and the position of the mold 20 is ensured to be fixed. After that, the gas delivery pipeline of the ultrasonic vibration platform is connected to the air compressor, and the pipeline is powered on to check whether there is any air leakage. After confirming that there is no air leakage in the pipeline, adjust the air pressure of the air compressor to an appropriate value to ensure that the ultrasonic vibration platform can receive sufficient power. It is understandable that during the high-frequency vibration of the punch 10, and at the moment when the plastic 30 contacts the punch 10, the air or gas at the position of the plastic 30 is partially expelled from the mold cavity 21 by the punch 10, so that the plastic 30 is in a low-oxygen environment, thereby making the plastic 30 more susceptible to carbonization.

[0027] See also Figures 1 to 3 Optionally, the frequency range of ultrasonic vibration is 10~100 kHz, the frequency of ultrasonic vibration may be 10 kHz, 11 kHz, 12.1 kHz, 38 kHz, 52 kHz, 72 kHz or 100 kHz. In the present application, the frequency of ultrasonic vibration is 20 kHz. In other embodiments, it can be selected according to actual conditions and is not limited here.

[0028] Optionally, the amplitude range of ultrasonic vibration is 30~50μm, and the amplitude of ultrasonic vibration can be 30μm, 32μm, 35.1μm, 40μm, 42.5μm, 45μm, 48μm, 50μm. In the present application, the amplitude of ultrasonic vibration is 40μm. In other embodiments, it can be selected according to actual conditions and is not limited here.

[0029] Optionally, during the ultrasonic vibration processing of the PP plastic 30, the instantaneous temperature during the ultrasonic vibration processing can be as high as about 300°C to melt and carbonize the plastic 30. That is, during the ultrasonic vibration processing of the plastic, the instantaneous temperature of the plastic can range from 250 to 350 degrees, such as 250 degrees, 280 degrees, 300 degrees, 320 degrees, and 350 degrees, which is not limited here and can be selected according to actual conditions.

[0030] See also Figures 1 to 3It is understandable that cavitation is an important phenomenon in fluid mechanics. It occurs when a liquid medium is disturbed by external factors, and a structure breaks and forms cavitation bubbles at the junction of the liquid and the solid or inside the liquid. According to the liquid-gas phase transition equilibrium theory, when the temperature of the liquid increases or the pressure decreases, the gas originally dissolved in the liquid will vaporize, thereby generating new steam bubbles, microbubbles, or a mixture of the two gaseous forms in the liquid. These bubbles visible to the naked eye are collectively referred to as cavitation bubbles, also known as cavitation bubbles or holes. In liquids, cavitation bubbles usually undergo a dynamic process including growth, development, and collapse. In general, the life of cavitation bubbles is extremely short, about 0.1μs. When the cavitation bubble collapses, it will release huge energy, generate high temperature (5000K) and high pressure (1800atm) locally, and have a strong impact on the surrounding liquid or solid medium.

[0031] In the process of ultrasonic vibration melting and plasticizing the plastic 30, the cavitation effect is reflected in the dynamic changes of the cavitation bubble under the action of high-frequency vibration. For a single cavitation bubble, the volume increases during the negative pressure phase of ultrasonic vibration, and is compressed during the negative pressure phase. The high-frequency sound pressure causes it to oscillate and grow rapidly until it finally collapses, accompanied by the release of huge energy. At the microscopic level, when the ultrasonic vibration propagates in the molten plastic 30 medium, the plastic 30 molecules vibrate around their equilibrium positions. During the compression phase, the average distance between molecules decreases; during the rarefaction phase, the average distance between molecules increases. Therefore, under the condition that the ultrasonic vibration negative pressure phase acts and the sound intensity is large enough, the distance between the plastic 30 molecules may be stretched beyond its normal limit, resulting in the destruction of the structural integrity of the plastic 30 and the generation of cavities or holes. Once the cavitation bubble is formed, the volume will gradually increase under the continuous action of the negative pressure phase. The subsequent positive pressure phase of ultrasonic vibration will cause these cavitation bubbles to be compressed, some cavitation bubbles will continue to oscillate, and other cavitation bubbles will completely collapse. The instantaneous high temperature and high pressure generated will help the melting and carbonization of the plastic 30 particles.

[0032] It is understandable that a heating hole may be provided on the mold 20 , and a heating rod may be added into the heating hole, thereby improving the heating efficiency of the plastic 30 .

[0033] See also Figures 1 to 3 In some embodiments, the first carbonization step includes the following steps: S31: Vibration stage, the punch 10 performs ultrasonic vibration on the polymer material for a first predetermined time; S32: During the pressure holding stage, the punch 10 stops vibrating, presses the polymer material downward, and holds the pressure for a second predetermined time.

[0034] It is understandable that the punch 10 will also cause the gas in the mold cavity 21 to experience high-speed and high-pressure compression during the vibration stage, generating a large amount of heat in a very short time. This heat will be transferred to the plastic 30 and melt the plastic 30. The molten plastic 30 will wrap the punch 10, resulting in a small contact area between the inner surface of the mold cavity 21 and the punch 10, reducing heat loss, thereby causing the plastic 30 to heat up instantly and reach the carbonization temperature of the plastic 30.

[0035] See also Figures 1 to 3 It can also be understood that in the holding stage, after the vibration of the punch 10 stops, in order to make the plastics 30 close to each other for carbonization, the punch 10 presses the plastics 30 so that the residual air in the carbonization process is smaller and more in line with the hypoxia condition. In addition, the greater the pressure, the less the overflow phenomenon occurs, so that the plastic 30 is subjected to the back pressure of the larger inner wall of the circular hole. The holding time and holding pressure have a positive effect on carbonization, ensuring that the plastic 30 is fully carbonized and improving the carbonization yield of the plastic 30. During the carbonization process, the holding time is the length of time to keep the raw materials at a specific temperature and pressure to ensure sufficient carbonization. This not only promotes the progress of carbonization, but also ultimately improves the structure and properties of the carbonized product.

[0036] In some embodiments, the first predetermined time ranges from 0.1 to 50 seconds. In this application, the first predetermined time is 1 second. In other embodiments, the first predetermined time can be selected according to actual conditions and is not limited here. For example, the first predetermined time can also be 0.1 seconds, 12 seconds, 22 seconds, 32 seconds, 44 seconds or 50 seconds.

[0037] See also Figures 1 to 3 In some embodiments, the second predetermined time ranges from 0.1 to 50 seconds. In this application, the second predetermined time is also 1 second. In other embodiments, it can be selected according to actual conditions and is not limited here. For example, the second predetermined time can also be 0.1 seconds, 11 seconds, 34 seconds, 38 seconds, 42 seconds or 50 seconds.

[0038] In some embodiments, the polymer processing method further includes S4: a secondary carbonization step, wherein the secondary carbonization step includes the following steps: S41: taking out a portion of the polymer material in the mold cavity 21 and separating another portion of the polymer material bonded to the punch 10. The polymer material will be wrapped around a local portion of the punch 10 and can be manually separated from the punch 10. S42: combining the two parts of the polymer materials and putting them into the mold cavity 21; S43: Repeat the carbonization step.

[0039] See also Figures 1 to 3Optionally, the carbonized area of ​​the plastic 30 is mainly concentrated at the edge of the sample away from the punch 10 and the position where the side of the sample and the side plate of the cavity 21 are most severely squeezed. This is because the outside air is the thinnest here, and due to the squeezing effect of the punch 10 and the side wall of the cavity 21, the pressure is the greatest. It is also the main gas compression position, which causes the temperature at this position to rise the fastest and is difficult to conduct away in a short time, so carbonization is prone to occur.

[0040] In some embodiments, in the step S42, the material of the central area of ​​the polymer material is adjusted to the edge area, and the material of the edge area of ​​the polymer material is adjusted to the central area. The edge area of ​​the plastic 30 is easily carbonized due to extrusion and thin air. By adjusting the material of the edge area of ​​the polymer material and the central area, the overall carbonization effect is improved.

[0041] In some embodiments, in the step S42, the material on the surface of the polymer material is adjusted to the inside thereof, and the material inside the polymer material is adjusted to the outside thereof.

[0042] See also Figures 1 to 3 It can be understood that the carbon content change in the surface area of ​​the plastic 30 after the first carbonization treatment is higher than the change in its overall carbon content. The present method induces carbonization of the plastic 30 mainly on its surface, resulting in the outer surface of the plastic 30 being wrapped by a high-carbon content material, while its interior still maintains its original structure. The plastic 30 on the punch 10 and the plastic 30 in the mold cavity 21 are taken out and the two plastics 30 are mixed, so that the material on the surface of the plastic 30 is adjusted to its interior, and the material inside is adjusted to its exterior, and / or the material in the central area of ​​the plastic 30 is adjusted to the edge area, and the material in the edge area is adjusted to the central area, and the carbonization step is continued, thereby improving the carbonization effect of the plastic 30 and making the plastic 30 fully carbonized as a whole.

[0043] In some embodiments, the secondary carbonization step is repeated multiple times.

[0044] Optionally, after multiple secondary carbonization steps, the plastic 30 can be continuously carbonized, thereby improving the overall carbonization rate. In this embodiment, the secondary carbonization step is repeated four times. In other embodiments, the secondary carbonization step can also be repeated five times, or more than five times. There is no limitation here and it can be selected according to actual conditions.

[0045] See also Figures 1 to 3 In some embodiments, there is a gap between the side surface of the punch 10 and the cavity wall of the die cavity 21, and the gap ranges from 0.008 to 0.012 mm. In this embodiment, the gap is 0.01 mm. In other embodiments, the gap may also be 0.008 mm or 0.012 mm. This is not limited here and can be selected according to actual conditions.

[0046] See also Figures 1 to 3 It can be understood that a reasonable gap can enable the punch 10 to expel part of the air during the vibration process, so that a low-oxygen environment can be formed in the mold cavity 21. At the same time, the inner wall of the mold cavity 21 and the side surface of the punch 10 can squeeze the plastic 30, so that the edge of the plastic can be partially located in the gap, thereby improving the carbonization effect of the plastic 30.

[0047] In some embodiments, the polymer material includes a plurality of material pieces, and the material pieces are circular, elliptical, irregular or polygonal in shape, which can be selected according to actual conditions and are not limited here.

[0048] See also Figures 1 to 3 Optionally, in this embodiment, the material sheet is circular, the diameter of the material sheet is in the range of 4 to 6 mm, and the thickness is in the range of 2 to 3 mm, for example, the diameter of the material sheet is 4 mm, 4.5 mm, 5 mm, 5.5 mm, and 6 mm. The thickness of the material sheet is 2 mm, 2.2 mm, 2.8 mm, and 3 mm. Optionally, spherical or block activated carbon can be added to the polymer material and mixed with the plastic 30. The chemical properties of the activated carbon are improved through the cavitation effect of ultrasonic vibration, so that the activated carbon is used as a catalyst to improve the carbonization of the plastic 30 and improve the adsorption capacity of the final carbon material.

[0049] Optionally, the cross-sectional shape of the mold cavity 21 is circular, and the diameter of the cross-sectional shape is 5.12 mm.

[0050] In some embodiments, the polymer material is PVC material and / or PET material.

[0051] PVC material is polyvinyl chloride (Polyvinyl Chloride), which has good weather resistance and chemical corrosion resistance, so it is widely used in construction, pipelines, wires and cables, furniture and other fields.

[0052] PET material is polyethylene terephthalate, also known as polyester fiber. It has excellent mechanical properties, heat resistance and transparency, so it is widely used in food packaging, beverage bottles, fiber products and other fields.

[0053] It is understandable that the wide availability of PVC and PET materials results in that most of the waste plastics 30 are in the form of PVC and PET materials, thereby increasing the scope of application of the present method.

[0054] In some embodiments, the ultrasonic vibration output by the ultrasonic vibration processing equipment is ultrasonic wave, which can be a longitudinal wave, also known as a compression wave. During the ultrasonic vibration process, the vibration direction of the longitudinal wave is consistent with the propagation direction of the wave, which helps to effectively transfer energy to the contact surface of the material, thereby achieving a temperature increase of the material. The high-frequency vibration of the ultrasonic wave causes friction heat to be generated on the contact surface of the material, softening the material, and ultimately achieving the purpose of melting and carbonization.

[0055] In some embodiments, the ultrasonic wave output by the ultrasonic vibration processing equipment is a transverse wave. It is understandable that the transverse wave can extrude the plastic 30 laterally, thereby increasing the heating rate and carbonization effect by extruding the surrounding side of the plastic 30.

[0056] In some embodiments, the mold 20 is located in a vacuum environment, a liquid environment, or an inert gas environment.

[0057] See also Figures 1 to 3 Optionally, the mold 20 and the punch 10 located in a vacuum environment can place the plastic 30 in an oxygen-free environment, thereby improving the carbonization of the plastic 30 .

[0058] Optionally, the inert gas in the inert gas environment may be argon gas, which can place the plastic 30 in an oxygen-free environment, thereby improving the carbonization of the plastic 30 .

[0059] Optionally, the carbon material can be a porous material, and the mold 20 and the punch 10 are located in a liquid environment to carbonize the plastic 30. The liquid environment can be a liquid environment formed by alcohol or a liquid environment formed by liquid nitrogen. When the plastic is carbonized in a liquid environment, the porous structure of the carbon material will be improved, and the fine pores on the carbon material will increase, thereby improving its adsorption performance when used as activated carbon in the future.

[0060] It is understood that the high-frequency vibration caused by ultrasonic vibration will cause a lot of friction and local high temperature inside the plastic material. This high temperature will cause the plastic to melt or soften locally, and when the temperature drops rapidly, the molten part will re-solidify and form a porous structure.

[0061] It is also understood that during ultrasonic vibration, high-frequency vibration can induce the formation of tiny bubbles inside the plastic, which may expand or aggregate rapidly under high temperature and high pressure conditions. When the bubbles cannot escape in time, they will be trapped inside the plastic, forming a porous structure. Ultrasonic vibration can cause cavitation in liquids, that is, the formation and rapid collapse of bubbles. Plastics will also experience similar cavitation effects under high-frequency vibration and local high temperature conditions, and the liquid environment further inhibits the escape of bubbles, thereby enhancing the formation of bubbles and porous structures inside it.

[0062] Moreover, high-frequency vibrations can induce stress concentration inside the plastic. These stress concentration areas can lead to the formation and expansion of tiny cracks, which may connect with each other in the liquid environment and during the expansion process, forming a porous structure.

[0063] The present application also provides a carbon material prepared by the above-mentioned polymer processing method. It is understandable that when processing carbon-based plastics, the generated carbon material is a carbon-based carbon material, and when processing non-carbon-based plastics, the generated carbon material is a non-carbon-based carbon material.

[0064] Optionally, in the present application, carbon-based plastics are carbonized at high speed during ultrasonic vibration processing, and the target product is a solid product - a carbon-based carbon material, which can be used as a precursor of activated carbon, an adsorption material, for material separation and purification processes, without secondary pollution, and the yield can reach 40%.

[0065] See also Figures 1 to 3 The embodiment of the present application uses ultrasonic vibration manufacturing and processing technology to promote the carbonization of plastic 30 to prepare carbon-based adsorption materials, thereby solving the problem of efficient recycling and conversion of waste plastic 30 resources. Compared with traditional thermal cracking or chemical treatment methods, it has the advantages of simple operation, short reaction time, low energy consumption and environmental friendliness. The generated carbon material can be used as a precursor of high-quality activated carbon. After ultrasonic vibration treatment, complex pores and layered structures can be formed in the carbon-based product, and the surface can be made hydrophilic or hydrophobic by simple physical or chemical activation treatment methods in the future, so that it can be used as a material with high adsorption capacity.

[0066] The above are only optional embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various changes and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for treating a polymer, characterized in that: The steps include: Prepare materials, including polymer materials, ultrasonic vibration processing equipment and a mold, wherein the ultrasonic vibration processing equipment has a retractable punch, and the mold has a mold cavity for placing the polymer materials; Assembling, extending the punch into the die cavity and pre-compacting the polymer material; In the primary carbonization, the ultrasonic vibration processing equipment drives the punch to perform ultrasonic vibration, so that the punch vibrates and presses the polymer material, so that the polymer material heats up, melts and carbonizes.

2. The method for treating a polymer according to claim 1, wherein: The primary carbonization step comprises the following steps: S31: Vibration stage, the punch performs ultrasonic vibration on the polymer material for a first predetermined time; S32: During the pressure-holding stage, the punch stops vibrating, presses the polymer material downward, and holds the pressure for a second predetermined time.

3. A method for treating a polymer as described in any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The polymer treatment method further comprises a secondary carbonization step, wherein the secondary carbonization comprises the following steps: S41: taking out a portion of the polymer material in the mold cavity, and separating another portion of the polymer material bonded to the punch; S42: combining the two parts of the polymer materials and placing them into the mold cavity; S43: Repeat the carbonization step.

4. The method for treating a polymer according to claim 3, wherein: The secondary carbonization step is repeated multiple times.

5. The method for treating a polymer according to claim 3, wherein: In the step S42, the material of the central area of ​​the polymer material is adjusted to the edge area, and the material of the edge area of ​​the polymer material is adjusted to the central area.

6. The method for treating a polymer according to claim 3, wherein: In the step S42, the material on the surface of the polymer material is adjusted to the inside thereof, and the material inside the polymer material is adjusted to the outside thereof.

7. The method for treating a polymer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: There is a gap between the side surface of the punch and the cavity wall of the die cavity.

8. The method for treating a polymer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The ultrasonic vibration output by the ultrasonic vibration processing equipment is an ultrasonic wave, and the ultrasonic wave is a longitudinal wave or a transverse wave.

9. The method for treating a polymer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The mold is located in a vacuum environment, a liquid environment or an inert gas environment.

10. A carbon material, characterized in that: The carbon material is prepared by the polymer processing method according to any one of claims 1-9.

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