An L-shaped laser-MIG hybrid welding device for narrow spaces

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of welding technology, and discloses an L-shaped laser-MIG composite welding device for a narrow space. The L-shaped laser-MIG composite welding device for a narrow space provided by the present invention includes: a welding gun assembly, a laser welding head assembly, and a space adjustment assembly. The present invention combines laser with electric arc to obtain a composite heat source of laser and electric arc, giving full play to the advantages of laser and arc composite welding; laser-MIG composite welding has the advantages of fast welding speed, low heat input, large tolerance of equipment gap, and high welding quality. The wire feeding route of the welding gun is optimized to improve the accuracy of the wire guide assembly, and the straightness of the welding wire is guaranteed by combining a three-wheel straightener to achieve the purpose of stable wire feeding. The overall connector structure is simplified, and a reflective copper mirror integrating reflection, collimation, and focusing is designed to save overall size space and reduce the overall load. Under the condition of limited load, more functions can be added than the same type of equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, and in particular relates to an L-shaped laser-MIG composite welding device used in a narrow space. Background Art

[0002] Laser-MIG welding technology combines the high energy density, high precision and deep penetration of laser welding with the flexibility, high deposition rate and good bridging ability of MIG welding to form an efficient and high-quality welding method. The technical background originates from the industry's dual pursuit of welding efficiency and quality, especially in the fields of automobile manufacturing, aerospace, shipbuilding, etc., which have extremely high requirements for the strength, sealing and production efficiency of welded joints. In industrial manufacturing, the design and manufacturing of many products require welding operations to be carried out in small and complex spaces, such as aerospace, automobile manufacturing and electronic equipment. When faced with these special welding scenarios, traditional welding equipment is often unable to perform its due performance due to limited space, thus affecting welding quality and production efficiency.

[0003] Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:

[0004] When faced with these special welding scenarios, traditional welding equipment often finds it difficult to fully perform due to space constraints, which affects welding quality and production efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an L-shaped laser-MIG composite welding device for use in a narrow space.

[0006] The present invention is implemented as follows: an L-shaped laser-MIG hybrid welding device for a narrow space comprises:

[0007] Welding gun assembly, laser welding head assembly, space adjustment assembly;

[0008] The laser welding head assembly includes a profile, an interface base, a QP optical fiber interface, an optical fiber connecting block, a laser head body, a reflective copper mirror, a water pipe quick interface, a double-layer baffle, a double-layer air knife, and an air path connecting block. The optical fiber is connected to the QP optical fiber interface, the QP optical fiber interface is connected to the laser head body on the side and to the interface base at the bottom, the interface base is fixed to the profile, the reflective copper mirror is fixed inside the laser head body, the optical fiber connecting block is connected to the profile, the laser head body is connected to the optical fiber connecting block, the air path connecting block is connected to the optical fiber connecting block, the double-layer baffle is connected to the laser head body, and the double-layer air knife is connected to the air path connecting block.

[0009] Furthermore, the welding gun assembly includes welding wire, a welding gun fixing seat, a wire drawing device, a wire feeding tube outer tube, a wire feeding tube connecting seat, a welding gun head, a transparent shell, a wire guide shell, a cable fixing seat, and a welding wire guide assembly. The welding wire is fed out from the wire drawing device, which is connected to the welding gun fixing seat, which is connected to the profile, passes through the wire feeding tube and is wrapped by the wire feeding tube outer tube, one end of the wire feeding tube outer tube is connected to the wire drawing device, and the other end is connected to the wire feeding tube connecting seat. The welding wire passes through the wire feeding tube connecting seat and enters the welding wire guide assembly, which is connected to the welding gun head, and the welding wire finally passes out from the welding wire gun head. The cable is connected to the cable fixing seat, the transparent shell is inserted into the copper seat shell, and the wire guide shell is connected to the base plate by screws.

[0010] Furthermore, the welding wire guide assembly includes a set of guide wheel assemblies, pressure wheel assemblies, three-wheel straighteners, connecting copper seats, copper seat shells, water and gas pipe quick interfaces, and base plates. The pressure wheel assembly, guide wheel assembly, and three-wheel straightener are connected to the base plate through positioning holes. The pressure wheel assembly and the guide wheel assembly work together to change the wire feeding direction. The three-wheel straightener contains a boss that cooperates with the groove of the guide wheel assembly to ensure coaxiality.

[0011] Furthermore, the water and gas pipe quick interface is connected to the connecting copper seat through threads, the copper seat shell wraps the connecting copper seat, the copper seat shell is connected to the bottom plate, and the welding gun head is connected to the connecting copper seat.

[0012] Furthermore, a first workpiece to be welded and a second workpiece to be welded are provided below the welding gun and the laser welding head.

[0013] Furthermore, the space adjustment component includes an adjustment connecting plate, an X-axis adjustment component, a Z-axis adjustment component, and an angle adjustment plate. The adjustment connecting plate is connected to the profile, and the Z-axis adjustment component is connected to the X-axis adjustment component.

[0014] Furthermore, the X-axis adjustment plate is connected to the angle adjustment plate, and the angle adjustment plate is connected to the welding gun bottom plate.

[0015] Furthermore, the X-axis adjustment component is used to adjust the light wire spacing between the welding wire of the welding gun and the laser beam, and the light wire spacing adjustment range is 0 to 10 mm.

[0016] Furthermore, the Z-axis adjustment component is used to adjust the distance between the welding gun and the zero focal length plane of the laser beam. The upper and lower distances between the welding gun and the zero focal length plane of the laser beam can be adjusted. The upper and lower distance adjustment ranges are 0 to 20 mm respectively. The Z-axis adjustment component is adjusted according to welding requirements to achieve positive defocus welding and negative defocus welding.

[0017] Furthermore, the welding gun angle adjustment plate is connected to the Z-axis adjustment component and the bottom plate, and the fixed position is adjusted along the slide groove.

[0018] In combination with the above technical solutions and the technical problems solved, please analyze the advantages and positive effects of the technical solutions to be protected by the present invention from the following aspects:

[0019] First, in view of the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and the difficulty of solving the problems, the technical solutions to be protected by the present invention and the results and data during the research and development process are closely combined to analyze in detail and deeply how the technical solutions of the present invention solve the technical problems, and some creative technical effects brought about after solving the problems. The specific description is as follows:

[0020] The present invention provides an L-shaped laser-MIG hybrid welding device for use in narrow spaces. This technology combines the advantages of laser welding and MIG welding, and the L-shaped design enables the welding device to be flexibly operated in a narrow space. The laser welding part provides high-precision and high-speed welding capabilities, which are particularly suitable for applications requiring deep penetration welding; the MIG welding part provides material filling and welding stability support, and the two work together to achieve high-quality welding operations in a narrow space.

[0021] In view of the fact that the above-mentioned laser-MIG hybrid welding device has low integration and large mass, and is difficult to be applied to welding scenes with limited lateral space, the present invention provides a laser-MIG hybrid welding device applicable to narrow spaces, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] (1) The present invention combines laser with arc to obtain a composite heat source of laser and arc, giving full play to the advantages of laser and arc composite welding; laser-MIG composite welding has the advantages of fast welding speed, low heat input, large equipment gap tolerance and high welding quality.

[0023] (2) Optimize the wire feeding route of the welding gun to improve the accuracy of the wire guide assembly, and combine it with a three-wheel straightener to ensure the straightness of the welding wire to achieve the purpose of stable wire feeding.

[0024] (3) Simplify the overall connector structure and design a reflective copper mirror that integrates reflection, collimation and focusing, which saves overall size and space, reduces the overall load, and can add more functions than similar devices when the load is limited.

[0025] (4) Optimize the pipeline and gun design, and place most of the water and gas lines inside to avoid the impact of pipeline interference. The overall design is neater and has good adaptability in the load environment. At the same time, the L-shaped gun design meets the requirements of limited lateral space and other narrow space welding scenarios.

[0026] Second, the expected benefits and commercial value of the technical solution of the present invention after transformation are as follows: The L-shaped structural design enables the welding device to easily enter a small space, reducing the impact of space limitations on laser-MIG composite welding and improving welding efficiency. The device is easy to integrate and realize automated welding, which reduces the need for manual operation, reduces the skill requirements for operators, and reduces labor costs. At the same time, with its unique design and high performance, the device has significant market competitiveness in the field of welding in small spaces and can meet the industry's demand for high-quality and high-efficiency welding equipment.

[0027] The technical solution of the present invention fills the technical gap in the industry at home and abroad: in the field of welding in narrow spaces, traditional welding equipment is often difficult to use due to its large size and inconvenient operation. The device achieves efficient and high-precision welding in a narrow space through its unique L-shaped structural design.

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention solves a technical problem that people have been eager to solve but have never been able to solve: traditional welding equipment is limited in operation in a small space and it is difficult to achieve an ideal welding effect. The L-shaped design of the present invention enables the welding device to flexibly enter and adapt to various small spaces, solving this long-standing technical problem.

[0029] Third, the present invention solves the problem in the prior art that it is difficult to achieve high-precision and high-efficiency operation in narrow space welding. Traditional welding methods are often limited by the volume of equipment and operational flexibility in narrow spaces, resulting in unstable welding quality, slow welding speed, and even inability to complete precise welding tasks. Especially in the fields of aerospace, precision machinery manufacturing, etc., the welding quality requirements are extremely high, but welding operations in confined spaces have always been a technical difficulty. The present invention solves this problem by designing an L-shaped laser-MIG composite welding device, combining the advantages of laser and MIG welding, and significantly improving the welding accuracy and efficiency in narrow spaces.

[0030] In industrial applications, the technical solution of the present invention combines the flexibility and high precision of welding equipment, and is suitable for industries with extremely high requirements for welding quality, such as electronic manufacturing, the automotive industry, and aerospace. Through the coordinated work of the laser welding head and the welding gun assembly, the equipment can maintain stable operation in complex welding environments, and is particularly suitable for welding tasks in narrow areas. This technology breaks through the bottleneck that traditional welding equipment cannot be flexibly operated in a small space, making welding operations more precise and efficient, and meeting the needs of high-precision welding in modern industry.

[0031] The present invention significantly improves the quality and strength of the welded joint by using a composite process of laser and MIG welding. On the basis of the laser welding head providing initial heating and forming a molten pool, the welding gun assembly further accurately fills the welding wire into the molten pool, achieving a high degree of coordination between the two. This composite welding method not only speeds up the welding speed and reduces thermal deformation, but also significantly improves the uniformity and strength of the welded joint. It is particularly suitable for welding scenes with complex materials or high precision requirements, and is far superior to the traditional single welding method.

[0032] The invention has achieved significant technical progress in industrial applications. It not only solves the problem of difficult welding operations in narrow spaces, but also improves welding accuracy, joint strength and operating efficiency through the laser-MIG composite process. The widespread application of this technology will greatly promote the development of high-precision welding technology in industrial manufacturing, while reducing the rework rate in production, reducing the production cost of enterprises, and improving product quality. It has broad market prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of an L-shaped laser-MIG hybrid welding device for a narrow space provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 It is a top view of an L-shaped laser-MIG hybrid welding device for a narrow space provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3 It is a side view of an L-shaped laser-MIG hybrid welding device for a narrow space provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 4 It is a simulation diagram of the actual application dimensions of an L-shaped laser-MIG hybrid welding device for a narrow space provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of an L-shaped laser-MIG hybrid welding device for a narrow space provided by an embodiment of the present invention using a laser-guided arc process.

[0038] In the figure: 1. Profile; 2. Interface base; 3. QP fiber interface; 4. Z-axis adjustment component; 5. Fiber connection block; 6. Laser head body; 7. Reflective copper mirror; 8. Water pipe quick interface; 9. Double-layer baffle mirror; 10. Double-layer air knife; 11. Welding gun head; 12. Transparent shell; 13. Wire guide shell; 14. Cable fixing seat; 15. Wire feed tube outer tube; 16. Wire drawing device; 17. Adjustment connection plate; 18. X-axis adjustment component; 1 9. Angle adjustment plate; 20. Gas circuit connection block; 21. Welding wire; 22. Wire feed tube connection seat; 23. Guide wheel assembly; 24. Clamping wheel assembly; 25. Three-wheel straightener; 26. Connecting copper seat; 27. Copper seat shell; 28. Water and gas pipe quick connector; 29. ​​Bottom plate; 30. Welding gun fixing seat; 31. First workpiece; 32. Second workpiece; 33. Welding direction; 34. Laser; 35. Composite welding direction; 36. Workpiece to be welded. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0040] The core working principle of the L-shaped laser-MIG composite welding device of the present invention is to combine laser welding with MIG welding to achieve efficient and precise welding operations in a small space. First, the optical fiber in the laser welding head assembly is connected through the QP optical fiber interface and connected to the laser head body through the optical fiber connection block. The laser is focused, collimated and reflected by the reflective copper mirror and finally directed to the welding area. The design of the double-layer baffle and the double-layer air knife ensures the cleaning and protection of the reflective copper mirror, avoids the transmission efficiency of the laser being affected by spatter or gas pollution, and thus improves the stability and accuracy of welding.

[0041] The welding gun assembly realizes precise wire feeding operation through the wire guide system. After the welding wire is fed out from the wire drawing device, it passes through the wire feeding tube and enters the welding gun head. The clamping wheel and guide wheel in the wire guide assembly work together to adjust the direction of the welding wire, and the clamping wheel is used to reduce friction to ensure smooth wire feeding. The three-wheel straightener straightens the deformed welding wire by reverse extrusion of the welding wire to ensure that the welding wire remains in the best state during the welding process. This series of wire feeding and straightening operations enables the welding gun to accurately and efficiently deliver the welding wire to the welding point.

[0042] The synergy of laser and welding wire is the key to this device. The laser welding head heats the welding area through the laser beam to form an initial molten pool, while the welding gun feeds the welding wire into the molten pool to stimulate the filling effect of MIG welding. This composite welding method of laser and welding wire can not only achieve rapid heating, but also ensure the strength and quality of the welded joint. This design is particularly suitable for welding scenarios in small spaces. Through the compact structure and flexible wire feeding method, the welding head and welding gun can be flexibly operated in a limited space.

[0043] The water-gas pipe quick connector and double-layer air knife design of the entire system effectively protect the core components of the equipment. The water-gas pipe quick connector is connected to the copper base shell through threads to ensure the rapid circulation of cooling water and protective gas, thereby maintaining the cooling and gas protection of the welding area. The double-layer air knife further enhances the protection of the laser head and reflector to prevent gas pollution and spatter during welding from interfering with the welding quality. Through this complete set of composite welding system, the present invention can achieve efficient, accurate and stable welding operations in a small space, meeting the welding needs in complex environments.

[0044] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the present invention provides an L-shaped laser-MIG composite welding device for a narrow space, comprising a welding gun assembly, a laser welding head assembly, and a space adjustment assembly.

[0045] The laser welding head assembly includes a profile 1, an interface base 2, a QP optical fiber interface 3, an optical fiber connection block 5, a laser head body 6, a reflective copper mirror 7, a water pipe quick interface 8, a double-layer baffle 9, a double-layer air knife 10, and an air path connection block 20. The optical fiber is connected to the QP optical fiber interface 3, the side of the QP optical fiber interface 3 is connected to the laser head body 6, and the bottom is connected to the interface base 2, and the interface base 2 is fixed to the profile 1; the reflective copper mirror 7 integrates focusing, collimation and reflection, and is fixed inside the laser head body 6; the optical fiber connection block 5 is connected to the profile 1, the laser head body 6 is connected to the optical fiber connection block 5, the air pipe is connected to the rear end of the profile 1, and the protective gas is transported from the inside of the profile 1 to the air path connection block 20 and then to the double-layer air knife 10; the double-layer baffle 9 is connected to the laser head body 6, and the double-layer air knife 10 is connected to the air path connection block 20, and the double-layer air knife 10 can protect the reflective copper mirror 7 to a greater extent.

[0046] The welding gun assembly includes a welding wire 21, a welding gun fixing seat 30, a wire drawing device 16, a wire feeding tube outer tube 15, a wire feeding tube connecting seat 22, a welding gun head 11, a transparent shell 12, a wire guide shell 13, a cable fixing seat 14, and a welding wire guide assembly. The welding wire 21 is sent out from the wire drawing device 16, and the wire drawing device 16 is connected to the welding gun fixing seat 30. The welding gun fixing seat 30 is connected to the profile 1, passes through the wire feeding tube and is wrapped by the wire feeding tube outer tube 15. One end of the wire feeding tube outer tube 15 It is connected to the wire drawing device 16, and the other end is connected to the wire feeding tube connecting seat 22. The welding wire 21 passes through the wire feeding tube connecting seat 22 and enters the welding wire guide assembly. The welding wire guide assembly is connected to the welding gun head 11. The welding wire 21 finally passes through the welding gun head 11. The outer tube 15 of the wire feeding tube is a hose and will produce a certain degree of deformation as the angle is adjusted. The cable is connected to the cable fixing seat 14, the transparent shell 12 is inserted into the copper seat shell 27, and the wire guide shell 13 is connected to the base plate 29 by screws.

[0047] The welding wire guide assembly includes a set of a clamping wheel assembly 24, a guide wheel assembly 23, a three-wheel straightener 25, a connecting copper seat 26, a copper seat shell 27, a bottom plate 29, a water and gas pipe quick interface 28, a clamping wheel assembly 24, a guide wheel assembly 23, and a three-wheel straightener 25 connected to the bottom plate 29. The clamping wheel assembly 24 and the guide wheel assembly 23 work together to change the wire feeding direction; the clamping wheel assembly 24 is a plurality of bearings fixed on the same base, and during the wire feeding process, it is ensured that the welding wire 21 is pressed by the clamping wheel assembly 24 to the wire guide wheel, thereby reducing friction. The relative position of the two components is calculated on the bottom plate 29 to ensure the relative position of the two components. The three-wheel straightener 25 contains a boss that matches the groove of the guide wheel assembly 23 to ensure coaxiality; the three-wheel straightener 25 adjusts the relative positions of the three bearings. After the welding wire 21 passes through the three bearings, it is squeezed and deformed in the opposite direction of deformation to straighten the welding wire 21. The water and gas pipe quick interface 28 is connected to the connecting copper seat 26 by threads. The connecting copper seat 26 is embedded in the copper seat shell 27 and connected to the bottom plate 29. The welding gun head 11 is partially connected to the connecting copper seat 26 by threads.

[0048] The L-shaped laser-MIG hybrid welding device for narrow spaces in the present invention achieves efficient welding by combining laser welding and MIG welding and using precise space adjustment components, and is particularly suitable for complex welding requirements in narrow spaces. The welding gun component and the laser welding head component of the device work together to make the welding process stable and efficient.

[0049] 1. Working principle of laser welding head assembly

[0050] The laser welding head assembly is connected to the optical fiber through the QP optical fiber interface, and the laser beam is transmitted to the inside of the laser head body through the optical fiber. Inside the laser head body, the reflective copper mirror integrates focusing, collimation and reflection functions to transmit the laser beam to the welding area in a directional manner. The gas path design in this assembly ensures the efficient transmission of the protective gas. The gas is transported to the gas path connection block through the inside of the profile and finally reaches the double-layer gas knife to form a gas barrier, which protects the laser head and the reflective copper mirror from the smoke and high temperature generated during the welding process to the greatest extent.

[0051] 2. Working principle of welding gun assembly

[0052] The welding gun assembly feeds the welding wire through the wire drawing device, and the welding wire is guided into the welding gun head by the welding gun holder and the wire feed tube. The outer tube of the wire feed tube is a flexible hose structure that can change its shape as the angle of the welding gun is adjusted, so that the welding wire always stays on the welding track. The welding wire finally passes through the welding gun head and enters the welding area, combining with the laser beam of the laser welding head to achieve hybrid welding. This design ensures the flexibility and stability of the welding wire in a small space and adapts to the changes in complex welding angles and paths.

[0053] 3. Working principle of wire guide assembly

[0054] The wire guide assembly includes a pinch wheel assembly, a guide wheel assembly and a three-wheel straightener. The wire is fixed to the guide wheel by the pinch wheel assembly during the wire feeding process to reduce friction and ensure smooth wire transmission. The guide wheel assembly adjusts the wire feeding direction to ensure that the wire can enter the welding area accurately. The three-wheel straightener consists of three adjustable bearings. By adjusting their positions, the wire is straightened, and the bent wire is squeezed into a straightened state to ensure that the wire remains straight when it is fed into the welding area.

[0055] 4. Space adjustment function

[0056] This device is particularly suitable for welding needs in narrow spaces. It can achieve precise positioning of the welding gun and laser welding head through flexible space adjustment components. The welding gun assembly can adjust the angle and position in a limited space through the cooperation of the base plate and the guide wheel assembly. The hose design of the wire feed tube outer tube ensures that the welding gun assembly can flexibly adapt to different welding angle requirements without affecting the accuracy of wire transmission.

[0057] 5. Hybrid welding workflow

[0058] In actual operation, the welding wire is fed out through the wire drawing device and guided into the welding area by the wire feeding tube. The laser welding head simultaneously emits a laser beam to form a high temperature area. The welding wire and the laser beam cooperate with each other at the same welding point. The laser is used to accurately melt the metal surface, while MIG welding uses the welding wire to supplement the molten pool material to achieve fast and efficient hybrid welding. This laser-MIG hybrid welding technology combines the high energy density of the laser and the material replenishment capability of MIG welding to improve welding quality and speed.

[0059] 6. System maintenance and protection

[0060] In order to ensure the stability of the welding process and the long-term use of the device, the device is designed with a double-layer shielding mirror and a double-layer air knife system. The double-layer shielding mirror protects the optical components inside the laser head from being damaged by high temperature and spatter during welding, while the double-layer air knife prevents the welding area from contaminating the laser reflector through the continuous delivery of protective gas. At the same time, the use of transparent shells and wire guide shells in the welding gun assembly effectively protects the internal components and facilitates the operator to observe the wire feeding process to ensure smooth wire feeding.

[0061] The L-shaped laser-MIG hybrid welding device makes welding operations in complex spaces more efficient and precise through the coordinated operation of multiple modules and combined with flexible space adjustment functions.

[0062] like Figure 4 As shown, a first workpiece 31 to be welded and a second workpiece 32 to be welded are provided below the welding gun and the laser welding head. The figure is a schematic diagram of the laser guided arc welding process. The welding direction 33 is the moving direction of the laser welding head and the welding gun. When the welding workpieces are densely arranged in the horizontal space and the space is very limited, the L-shaped laser-MIG hybrid welding device can fully meet the use requirements. Figure 5 As shown, a workpiece 36 to be welded is provided at the bottom of the laser 34 and the welding wire 21 , the laser-MIG hybrid welding device moves along the hybrid welding direction 35 , and the laser 34 and the welding wire 21 interact well.

[0063] The space adjustment component includes an adjustment connecting plate 17, an X-axis adjustment component 18, a Z-axis adjustment component 4, and an angle adjustment plate 19. The adjustment connecting plate 17 is connected to the profile 1, the Z-axis adjustment component 4 is connected to the X-axis adjustment component 18, the X-axis adjustment plate 18 is connected to the angle adjustment plate 19, and the angle adjustment plate 19 is connected to the welding gun base plate 29.

[0064] The X-axis adjustment component 18 is used to adjust the relative distance between the welding gun and the laser in the X-axis direction, which is also the distance between the welding wire 21 and the laser beam, and is called the filament spacing. The filament spacing can be adjusted in the range of 0 to 10 mm, which can ensure good interaction between the laser and the arc.

[0065] The Z-axis adjustment component 4 is used to adjust the distance between the welding gun and the zero focal length plane of the laser beam. The upper and lower distances between the welding gun and the zero focal length plane of the laser beam can be adjusted. The upper and lower distance adjustment ranges are 0 to 20 mm respectively. The Z-axis adjustment component 4 is adjusted according to welding requirements to achieve positive defocus welding and negative defocus welding.

[0066] The welding gun angle adjustment plate 19 is connected to the Z-axis adjustment component 4 and the bottom plate 29. By adjusting the fixed position along the slide groove, the welding gun inclination angle can be adjusted within a range of 0° to 25°, meeting the welding requirements of various joints.

[0067] As described above, an L-shaped laser-MIG hybrid welding device for narrow spaces of the present invention uses a laser beam and an arc coupling method to realize laser-MIG hybrid welding of thick plate components. The laser beam is focused on the surface of the workpiece, generating an extremely high energy density, causing the material to melt instantly and form a molten pool. At the same time, the arc of MIG welding burns near the molten pool, providing additional heat to the molten pool, increasing the depth and width of the molten pool; the welding wire of MIG welding is continuously melted and filled into the molten pool to ensure the fullness of the weld. The heat of the laser and the arc is superimposed on each other, which increases the total energy input during the welding process, increases the welding speed and the amount of deposition. At the same time, the effect of the laser can stabilize the arc, reduce the drift and flicker of the arc, and improve the stability of welding. Laser irradiation on the surface of the workpiece will generate plasma, and the arc of MIG welding will also generate plasma. The two interact with each other, changing the distribution and characteristics of the plasma, which is conducive to improving welding efficiency and quality.

[0068] The filament spacing is adjusted by adjusting the relative position between the laser beam and the arc to ensure that the laser and arc heat source effects can reach the best state when welding different materials. The adjustable range is 0 to 10 mm. In the vertical direction, the distance between the welding gun wire 21 and the zero focal length plane of the laser beam can be adjusted up and down when the dry extension length is 21 mm. The adjustment range is -20 to +20 mm. In the front and back directions, the welding gun and the laser head can be adjusted in the range of -5 to +5 mm. The angle adjustment plate 19 is used to adjust the angle between the welding direction axis and the normal line of the welding workpiece plane. The adjustment range is 0 to 25°.

[0069] In summary, although the present invention has been disclosed as above in terms of preferred embodiments, the above preferred embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention. A person skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be based on the scope defined in the claims.

[0070] Example 1: Precision welding of aerospace structural parts

[0071] In aerospace manufacturing, many parts exist in narrow spaces due to design requirements, and traditional welding methods are difficult to achieve high-quality welding in these spaces. The L-shaped laser-MIG hybrid welding device of the present invention can be flexibly applied to welding tasks in narrow spaces. Through the focusing function of the laser welding head, precise heating and formation of a molten pool are performed in a narrow area, and then the MIG welding gun accurately fills the welding wire to complete the hybrid welding. This process can ensure the strength and uniformity of the welded joint, meet the strict requirements of the aerospace field for welding quality, and reduce thermal deformation, thereby ensuring the service life of precision parts.

[0072] Example 2: Welding of narrow car body structures in automobile manufacturing

[0073] In automobile manufacturing, the body structure often needs to be welded in narrow areas, such as the splicing of parts such as frames and door frames. Traditional welding equipment is limited by space and is difficult to operate flexibly, which affects the welding quality and speed. The L-shaped laser-MIG composite welding device of the present invention can achieve efficient welding operations in these narrow areas. Through the combination of laser and MIG welding, the device can accurately control the welding temperature and the filling amount of welding wire, which not only improves the welding accuracy, but also significantly improves the production efficiency, which is suitable for the dual needs of welding quality and efficiency in automobile manufacturing.

[0074] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An L-shaped laser-MIG hybrid welding device for narrow space, characterized in that: include: Welding gun assembly, laser welding head assembly, space adjustment assembly; The laser welding head assembly includes a profile, an interface base, a QP optical fiber interface, an optical fiber connection block, a laser head body, a reflective copper mirror, a water pipe quick interface, a double-layer baffle mirror, a double-layer air knife, and an air path connection block. The optical fiber is connected to the QP optical fiber interface, the side of the QP optical fiber interface is connected to the laser head body, and the bottom is connected to the interface base, the interface base is fixed to the profile, the reflective copper mirror is fixed inside the laser head body, the optical fiber connection block is connected to the profile, the laser head body is connected to the optical fiber connection block, the air path connection block is connected to the optical fiber connection block, the double-layer baffle mirror is connected to the laser head body, and the double-layer air knife is connected to the air path connection block; The welding gun assembly includes welding wire, a welding gun fixing seat, a wire drawing device, a wire feeding tube outer tube, a wire feeding tube connecting seat, a welding gun head, a transparent shell, a wire guide shell, a cable fixing seat, and a welding wire guide assembly. The welding wire is fed out from the wire drawing device, the wire drawing device is connected to the welding gun fixing seat, the welding gun fixing seat is connected to the profile, passes through the wire feeding tube and is wrapped by the wire feeding tube outer tube, one end of the wire feeding tube outer tube is connected to the wire drawing device, and the other end is connected to the wire feeding tube connecting seat. The welding wire passes through the wire feeding tube connecting seat and enters the welding wire guide assembly, the welding wire guide assembly is connected to the welding gun head, and the welding wire finally passes out from the welding wire gun head. The cable is connected to the cable fixing seat, the transparent shell is inserted into the copper seat shell, and the wire guide shell is connected to the bottom plate by screws. The welding wire guide assembly includes a set of guide wheel assemblies, a pressure wheel assembly, a three-wheel straightener, a connecting copper seat, a copper seat shell, a water and gas pipe quick interface, and a base plate. The pressure wheel assembly, the guide wheel assembly, and the three-wheel straightener are connected to the base plate through positioning holes. The pressure wheel assembly and the guide wheel assembly work together to change the wire feeding direction; the three-wheel straightener contains a boss that cooperates with the groove of the guide wheel assembly to ensure coaxiality.

2. The L-shaped laser-MIG hybrid welding device for narrow space as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The water and gas pipe quick interface is connected to the connecting copper seat through threads, the connecting copper seat is wrapped by a copper seat shell, the copper seat shell is connected to the bottom plate, and the welding gun head is connected to the connecting copper seat.

3. The L-shaped laser-MIG hybrid welding device for narrow space as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A first workpiece to be welded and a second workpiece to be welded are arranged below the welding gun and the laser welding head.

4. The L-shaped laser-MIG hybrid welding device for narrow space as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The space adjustment component comprises an adjustment connecting plate, an X-axis adjustment component, a Z-axis adjustment component, and an angle adjustment plate. The adjustment connecting plate is connected to the profile, and the Z-axis adjustment component is connected to the X-axis adjustment component.

5. The L-shaped laser-MIG hybrid welding device for narrow space as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The X-axis adjustment plate is connected to the angle adjustment plate, and the angle adjustment plate is connected to the welding gun bottom plate.

6. The L-shaped laser-MIG hybrid welding device for narrow space as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The X-axis adjustment component is used to adjust the light wire spacing between the welding wire of the welding gun and the laser beam, and the light wire spacing adjustment range is 0 to 10 mm.

7. The L-shaped laser-MIG hybrid welding device for narrow space as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The Z-axis adjustment component is used to adjust the distance between the welding gun and the zero focal length plane of the laser beam. The upper and lower distances between the welding gun and the zero focal length plane of the laser beam can be adjusted. The upper and lower distance adjustment ranges are 0 to 20 mm respectively. The Z-axis adjustment component is adjusted according to welding requirements to achieve positive defocus welding and negative defocus welding.

8. The L-shaped laser-MIG hybrid welding device for narrow space as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The welding gun angle adjustment plate is connected to the Z-axis adjustment component and the bottom plate, and the fixed position is adjusted along the slide groove.

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