Laser-MIG composite welding device and method for soft gun barrel

Abstract

The invention belongs to but not limited to the technical field of welding, and particularly relates to a laser-MIG composite welding device and method for a soft gun barrel. Comprising a sectional material, an optical fiber, an interface base, a QP interface, an optical fiber connector transition piece, a main body connecting block, a mounting connecting piece, a copper mirror base, a reflecting copper mirror, an adjustable bolt, a double-layer blocking mirror, a double-layer air knife, a welding wire, a welding gun head, an adjusting connecting block, an angle adjusting piece, an X-axis adjusting sliding block, a Y-axis adjusting sliding block, a steering connecting piece, a Z-axis adjusting sliding block, a soft gun barrel, a wire feeding device and a water and gas path connector. Provided is a welding gun connecting piece. According to the high-power laser-MIG hybrid welding equipment, pipelines are concentrated in the laser head and the welding gun, the problem that interference is prone to occurring in the welding process due to the fact that the pipelines are complex is solved, meanwhile, high-temperature-resistant and high-power optical elements are designed, and the design of the high-power laser-MIG hybrid welding equipment is achieved. The equipment can realize efficient and high-quality welding in a narrow space.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to but is not limited to the field of welding technology, and in particular relates to a laser-MIG composite welding device and method for a soft gun barrel. Background Art

[0002] Laser-MIG hybrid welding is an advanced welding method that combines laser welding and metal gas shielded welding (MIG welding) technology. Laser welding, with its high energy density and high precision, can achieve high welding speed and deep penetration, while reducing the heat-affected zone, thereby reducing material deformation and welding stress. MIG welding has the advantages of simple operation, strong adaptability and strong filling capacity, and is suitable for processing a variety of materials and thicknesses. Combining these two welding technologies can improve welding efficiency, improve weld quality, and expand the scope of application. Compared with TIG welding, it has the advantages of fast welding speed, simple control, deep penetration, and narrow weld. Laser-MIG hybrid welding equipment includes lasers, optical systems, MIG welding guns, wire feeding systems, and shielding gas systems. It has been widely used in automobile manufacturing, shipbuilding, aerospace and other fields, and can significantly improve production efficiency and welding quality. However, the current laser-MIG hybrid welding equipment is large in size, low in integration, complex pipeline layout, and low power resistance, which limits its further application in industry.

[0003] In view of the above analysis, the technical problems that urgently need to be solved in the existing technology are: the current laser-MIG composite welding equipment has the problems of large size, low integration, complex pipeline layout, and low power resistance. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a laser-MIG composite welding device for a soft gun barrel.

[0005] The present invention is implemented as follows: a laser-MIG composite welding device for a soft gun barrel is divided into a laser welding head, a welding gun, and a three-dimensional adjustment structure, including a profile, an optical fiber, an interface base, a QP interface, an optical fiber joint transition piece, a main body connection block, an installation connection piece, a copper mirror base, a reflective copper mirror, an adjustable bolt, a double-layer baffle, a double-layer air knife, a welding wire, a welding gun head, an adjustment connection block, an angle adjustment piece, an X-axis adjustment slider, a Y-axis adjustment slider, a steering connection piece, a Z-axis adjustment slider, a soft gun barrel, a wire feeding device, a water and gas path joint, and a welding gun connection piece;

[0006] The laser welding head includes a profile, an optical fiber, an interface base, a QP interface, an optical fiber joint transition piece, a main body connection block, an installation connection piece, a copper mirror base, a reflective copper mirror, an adjustable bolt, a double-layer baffle mirror, a double-layer air knife, and a water-gas path joint. The optical fiber is connected to the QP interface, the QP interface is connected to the interface base, the interface base is connected to the profile, the QP interface is connected to the optical fiber joint transition piece, the optical fiber transition piece is connected to the main body connection block, the main body connection block is connected to the copper mirror base, the lower end of the main body connection block is fixed to the profile and is connected to the double-layer air knife at the same time, the reflective copper mirror is embedded in the copper mirror base, the reflective copper mirror and the copper mirror base are fixed together by an adjustable bolt, the water-gas path joint is connected to the copper mirror base, and the double-layer baffle mirror is connected to the copper mirror base;

[0007] The welding gun comprises welding wire, a welding gun head, a soft gun barrel, and a wire feeding device. The welding wire is fed from the wire feeding device into the soft gun barrel, enters the welding gun head, and finally extends out from the welding gun head. The welding gun head is connected to the soft gun barrel, and the soft gun barrel is connected to the wire feeding device.

[0008] The three-dimensional adjustment structure comprises an adjustment connection block, an angle adjustment member, an X-axis adjustment slider, a Y-axis adjustment slider, a steering connection member, and a Z-axis adjustment slider. The adjustment connection block is connected to the welding gun head, the adjustment connection block is connected to the angle adjustment member, the angle adjustment member is connected to the X-axis adjustment slider, the X-axis adjustment slider is connected to the Y-axis adjustment slider, the Y-axis connection block is connected to the steering connection member, the steering connection member is connected to the Z-axis adjustment slider, and the Z-axis adjustment slider is connected to the copper mirror base.

[0009] Furthermore, the X-axis adjustment slider is used to adjust the light wire spacing between the welding wire of the welding gun and the laser beam, and the light wire spacing adjustment range is 0 to 20 mm.

[0010] Furthermore, the Y-axis adjustment slider is used to adjust the distance between the welding wire of the welding gun and the front and rear of the laser beam, and the adjustment range is 0 to 25 mm.

[0011] Furthermore, the Z-axis adjustment slider is used to adjust the distance between the welding gun and the zero focal length plane of the laser beam. The upper and lower distances between the welding gun and the zero focal length plane of the laser beam can be adjusted. The upper and lower distance adjustment ranges are 0 to 15 mm respectively. The Z-axis adjustment component is adjusted according to welding requirements to achieve positive defocus welding and negative defocus welding.

[0012] Furthermore, the angle adjustment member is used to adjust the angle between the laser and the welding wire in the XY plane direction, and the adjustable range is 0 to 20 degrees.

[0013] In combination with the above technical solutions and the technical problems solved, the advantages and positive effects of the technical solutions to be protected by the present invention are as follows:

[0014] First, the present invention provides a laser-MIG composite welding device for a soft barrel. This technology designs an L-shaped laser welding head and a MIG welding gun for a soft barrel, concentrates the pipeline inside the laser head and the welding gun, avoids the interference problem that is easy to occur during the welding process due to the complexity of the pipeline, and designs high-temperature resistant and high-power optical elements to realize the design of high-power laser-MIG composite welding equipment, which can realize ultra-high-power laser-MIG composite welding. This equipment can realize efficient and high-quality welding in a small space.

[0015] At the same time, the adjustment mechanism of the device is located at the front end of the welding head, which shortens the stroke required for adjusting the angle, enables a wider range of adjustment, further saves space, reduces weight, and realizes the miniaturization and lightweight requirements of the laser-MIG composite welding device.

[0016] In view of the low integration and large adjustment stroke of the existing laser-MIG hybrid welding device, which is not suitable for welding in a narrow space, the present invention provides a laser-MIG hybrid welding device with a soft barrel, which has the following features:

[0017] Beneficial effects:

[0018] (1) The present invention combines laser with arc to obtain a composite heat source of laser and arc, giving full play to the advantages of laser and arc composite welding; laser-MIG composite welding has the advantages of fast welding speed, low heat input, large equipment gap tolerance and high welding quality.

[0019] (2) The present invention optimizes the structural design of the welding head, compresses the space to the greatest extent, and designs a reflective copper mirror that integrates reflection, collimation and focusing, which saves the overall size and space and reduces the overall load. At the same time, compared with the lens, the copper mirror can withstand high temperatures, has a longer service life, and can carry higher power lasers.

[0020] (3) The design of partially internalizing the water and gas lines makes the pipelines more centralized and avoids the interference caused by too many pipelines.

[0021] The welding gun is designed with a soft barrel, and the soft barrel part can be bent arbitrarily from -90° to 90°, which improves the adaptability of the welding gun and can cope with more complex welding environments, with strong adjustability.

[0022] Second, the expected benefits and commercial value of the technical solution of the present invention after transformation are:

[0023] The development and application of this device will drive technological innovation in related fields, promote the further development of welding technology, and bring more technological breakthroughs and solutions to the industry. Compared with traditional single welding methods, laser-MIG hybrid welding can reduce energy consumption and material waste during welding, thereby reducing production costs and improving weld quality. Due to the improvement of welding quality, rework and scrap rates caused by welding defects can be reduced, further saving production costs.

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention fills the technical gap in the industry at home and abroad: With the continuous development of industrial technology, especially in the fields of shipbuilding, aerospace, automobile manufacturing, etc., the demand for high-quality welding in a small space is increasing. However, the low integration, heavy weight, and low power of equipment on the market limit the promotion and application of laser-MIG hybrid welding. A soft barrel laser-MIG hybrid welding device is provided to meet the needs of high power and high integration.

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention solves a technical problem that people have been eager to solve but have never been able to solve successfully: for welding requirements of different shapes and materials, traditional welding equipment often needs to be complicatedly adjusted and modified. The L-shaped laser-MIG hybrid welding device of the present invention can quickly adapt to different welding workpieces and welding environments through its unique structural design and flexible mechanical arm, thereby improving the adaptability and flexibility of welding.

[0026] Third, when faced with high-strength metal materials and complex structural parts, traditional welding technology often has problems such as low welding efficiency, large welding deformation, and insufficient molten pool depth. Especially in industrial applications with high precision and high strength requirements, the use of laser welding or MIG welding technology alone often cannot meet the welding quality and efficiency requirements at the same time. In addition, traditional welding equipment is also relatively lacking in flexibility and ease of operation in complex spaces. Especially in scenarios that require multi-angle and multi-directional welding, existing welding equipment is difficult to achieve fast and accurate welding operations.

[0027] The present invention successfully solves the problems of low efficiency and unstable quality of traditional welding technology in complex welding scenarios through laser-MIG hybrid welding technology. The combination of laser and arc provides a composite heat source, which can effectively increase the depth of the molten pool and reduce welding deformation. At the same time, through the design of three-dimensional adjustment structural parts and soft barrels, the welding device can be flexibly adjusted in a small or complex space to achieve multi-angle welding operations and meet the welding requirements of difficult structural parts. In addition, the equipment greatly improves the stability and durability of the equipment during the welding process through precise cooling and protection mechanisms.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved significant technical progress in many aspects. First, the combination of laser and MIG welding technology greatly improves welding efficiency and welding quality, and is suitable for the welding needs of high-strength materials. Secondly, the soft barrel design enables the welding gun to be flexibly bent in complex welding environments, greatly improving the adaptability and ease of operation of the equipment. In addition, the three-dimensional adjustment structure provides precise welding position adjustment, ensuring the best match between the welding wire and the laser beam, and improving welding accuracy. The design of the cooling system effectively avoids equipment damage caused by high temperature and extends the service life of the equipment.

[0029] The laser-MIG composite welding device of the present invention has broad application prospects in multiple fields such as automobile manufacturing, shipbuilding industry, aerospace, etc. Its high-efficiency and high-precision welding capabilities enable the device to meet the processing requirements of complex workpieces, and is particularly suitable for welding multi-layer, multi-angle high-strength structural parts. At the same time, the automation and multi-dimensional adjustment capabilities of the equipment reduce the dependence on manual operation, reduce production costs, and improve the efficiency of industrial production. Through application in actual production, this technology will promote the development of high-precision welding technology and enhance the competitiveness of related industries. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a laser-MIG composite welding device for a soft barrel provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 It is another structural schematic diagram of the laser-MIG composite welding device for a soft barrel provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a double-sided synchronous welding process of a laser-MIG composite welding device for a soft barrel provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of an actual welding component of the laser-MIG hybrid welding device for a soft barrel provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] In the figure: 1. Profile; 2. Optical fiber; 3. Interface base; 4. QP interface; 5. Optical fiber connector transition piece; 6. Main body connection block; 7. Mounting connector; 8. Copper mirror base; 9. Reflective copper mirror; 10. Adjustable bolt; 11. Double-layer baffle mirror; 12. Double-layer air knife; 13. Welding wire; 14. Welding gun head; 15. Adjustment connection block; 16. Angle adjustment piece; 17. X-axis adjustment slider; 18. Y-axis adjustment slider; 19. Steering connector; 20. Z-axis adjustment slider; 21. Soft gun barrel; 22. Wire feeding device; 23. Water and gas line connector; 24. Welding gun connector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0036] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a laser-MIG composite welding device for a soft gun barrel, which is mainly divided into a laser welding head, a welding gun, and a three-dimensional adjustment structure;

[0037] The laser welding head comprises a profile 1, an optical fiber 2, an interface base 3, a QP interface 4, an optical fiber joint transition piece 5, a main body connection block 6, an installation connection piece 7, a copper mirror base 8, a reflective copper mirror 9, an adjustable bolt 10, a double-layer baffle 11, a double-layer air knife 12, and a water-gas line joint 23. The optical fiber 2 is connected to the QP interface 4, the QP interface 4 is connected to the interface base 3, the interface base 3 is connected to the profile 1, the QP interface 4 is connected to the optical fiber joint transition piece 5, and the QP interface 4 is convenient for plugging and used for high-power laser optical fiber transmission; the optical fiber transition piece 5 is connected to the main body connection block 6 On the top, the main connecting block 6 is connected to the copper mirror base 8, the lower end of the main connecting block 6 is fixed on the profile 1, and is connected to the double-layer air knife 12 at the same time, and the reflective copper mirror 9 is embedded in the copper mirror base 8. The maximum laser power that the reflective copper mirror can withstand is 20,000 watts; the reflective copper mirror 9 is fixed together with the copper mirror base 8 by an adjustable bolt 10, which is convenient for adjustment during installation to avoid errors caused by processing accuracy leading to a decrease in beam quality; the water and gas path joint 23 is connected to the copper mirror base 8, and the double-layer baffle 11 is connected to the copper mirror base 8, which effectively ensures the working temperature of the reflective copper mirror 9 and isolates metal splashing.

[0038] The welding gun includes a welding wire 13, a welding gun head 14, a soft gun barrel 21, and a wire feeding device 22. The welding wire 13 is fed from the wire feeding device 22 into the soft gun barrel 21, enters the welding gun head 14, and finally extends from the welding gun head 14. The welding gun head 14 is connected to the soft gun barrel 21; the soft gun barrel 21 is connected to the wire feeding device 22, and the outer shell of the soft gun barrel 21 adopts a corrugated tube, which can meet the deformation requirements of the gun barrel during bending, and the inside is connected by pipelines; the soft gun barrel 21 can be bent between -90° and 90°, which can ensure normal wire feeding, and can be bent in multiple passes in three-dimensional space to meet the use requirements in complex environments.

[0039] The three-dimensional adjustment structure includes an adjustment connection block 15, an angle adjustment member 16, an X-axis adjustment slider 17, a Y-axis adjustment slider 18, a steering connection member 19, and a Z-axis adjustment slider 20. The adjustment connection block 15 is connected to the welding gun head 14, the adjustment connection block 15 is connected to the angle adjustment member 16, the angle adjustment member 16 is connected to the X-axis adjustment slider 17, the X-axis adjustment slider 17 is connected to the Y-axis adjustment slider 18, the Y-axis connection block 18 is connected to the steering connection member 19, the steering connection member 19 is connected to the Z-axis adjustment slider 20, and the Z-axis adjustment slider 20 is connected to the copper mirror base 8.

[0040] The X-axis adjustment slider 17 is used to adjust the filament spacing between the welding wire of the welding gun and the laser beam, which is also the distance in the welding direction. The filament spacing adjustment range is 0 to 20 mm, which can ensure a good effect between the laser and the arc heat source.

[0041] In the laser-MIG composite welding device of the present invention, the laser welding head is responsible for generating and transmitting high-power laser for efficient heating and melting of materials. The laser is transmitted from the laser source to the welding head through the optical fiber 2, the optical fiber 2 is connected to the QP interface 4, and then transmitted to the main connecting block 6 through the optical fiber connector transition piece 5, and finally transmitted to the reflective copper mirror 9. The reflective copper mirror 9 guides the laser beam to the welding point. Through the adjustable bolt 10, the reflective copper mirror 9 can be accurately adjusted during installation to ensure that the quality of the light beam will not decrease due to processing errors. The double-layer air knife 12 protects the copper mirror by forming an airflow to prevent metal splashes from damaging the copper mirror. At the same time, the water-gas path joint 23 provides cooling for the copper mirror to maintain its working temperature, thereby improving welding accuracy and equipment life.

[0042] The welding gun is responsible for the MIG (metal inert gas) welding part. The welding wire 13 is fed into the soft barrel 21 by the wire feeding device 22, and finally extends from the welding gun head 14 for welding. The soft barrel 21 adopts a bellows design, which can be flexibly bent to meet the use requirements in narrow or complex spaces, allowing the welding equipment to operate freely within the range of -90° to 90°. The structural design of the soft barrel can maintain the stability of the wire feeding process during welding, ensuring that the welding wire can be smoothly delivered to the welding point. In addition, the design of the welding gun head 14 ensures the best synergy between the welding wire and the laser beam, thereby improving welding efficiency and quality.

[0043] The three-dimensional adjustment structure allows precise positioning and adjustment of the welding gun and the laser welding head. By adjusting the connection block 15, the angle adjustment member 16, the X-axis adjustment slider 17, the Y-axis adjustment slider 18 and the Z-axis adjustment slider 20, the welding gun head 14 can be precisely adjusted in three dimensions. This multi-axis adjustment structure ensures the best fit between the welding gun and the laser head during welding, especially in welded parts with complex geometries. The X-axis adjustment slider 17 can be used to control the wire spacing between the welding wire and the laser beam, with an adjustment range of 0 to 20 mm, ensuring a good interaction between the laser and the arc.

[0044] Laser and MIG welding technologies work together in this device through precise coordination. The laser beam preheats the material surface through the high-energy beam provided by the laser welding head, so that the material in the welding area reaches a molten state. At the same time, the arc of MIG welding further melts the material to form a deeper welding pool. Due to the combination of laser and arc, the composite heat source can effectively improve welding efficiency and reduce welding deformation, and is suitable for the processing of high-strength materials and complex welded parts.

[0045] In order to ensure the efficient operation of the equipment, the cooling and protection mechanism in the laser welding head is the key. Through the water-gas line joint 23, the cooling water flows through the copper mirror base 8 to cool the reflective copper mirror 9, maintain its working temperature, and avoid the degradation of optical performance due to high temperature. At the same time, the double-layer air knife 12 provides airflow protection during the welding process to prevent metal splashes from damaging the copper mirror during welding. The double-layer baffle 11 further protects the reflective copper mirror through a physical barrier to ensure the purity of the laser path and the stability of welding.

[0046] The design of this device allows precise automatic control through the host computer. The host computer can set and adjust the various parameters of the laser welding head, welding gun and three-dimensional adjustment structure according to the welding requirements, including adjusting the laser power, wire spacing, wire feeding speed, cooling and protection parameters. The system can find the best welding parameter combination through multiple debugging and measurement, realize efficient and accurate operation in the automated welding process, meet the welding requirements of different materials and structural parts, and greatly reduce the errors and costs of manual operation.

[0047] The soft barrel laser-MIG composite welding device in the embodiment of the present invention realizes the composite application of two welding technologies through the combination of a laser welding head and a MIG welding gun. The core component of the laser welding head is the optical fiber transmission system, which transmits high-power laser from the outside to the inside of the welding device through the optical fiber 2. The optical fiber 2 is connected to the interface base 3 through the QP interface 4. The QP interface 4 has a convenient plug-in design to ensure efficient transmission of the laser, and is stably connected to the main connecting block 6 through the optical fiber connector transition piece 5, and further transmitted to the copper mirror base 8. The reflective copper mirror 9 is embedded in the copper mirror base 8, and the adjustable bolt 10 is used to achieve precise positioning to ensure the reflection and focusing of the laser beam.

[0048] During operation, the laser is transmitted to the reflective copper mirror 9 through the optical fiber, and then reflected and focused on the welding area, providing a high-energy-density heat source for melting the metal. The welding gun part continuously delivers the welding wire to the welding area through the wire feeding device, and the cooperation between the welding gun head and the laser welding head can ensure the precise alignment of the welding wire and the laser beam. By adjusting the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis sliders in the three-dimensional structural parts, the relative position between the welding gun and the laser can be adjusted to ensure the precise control of the light wire spacing and the laser focus to meet different welding requirements.

[0049] The device is also equipped with a double-layer baffle mirror 11 and a double-layer air knife 12 to provide additional protection. The double-layer baffle mirror prevents slag or other impurities generated during welding from damaging the reflective copper mirror through physical blocking, ensuring stable transmission of the laser beam. The double-layer air knife 12 isolates the welding area from the outside air through airflow to prevent oxidation and contamination of the welding area, while cooling the laser welding head to extend the service life of the equipment.

[0050] The water-gas circuit joint 23 provides cooling and airflow control functions for the entire system. When the laser welding head is working, the equipment is kept running stably through water cooling and airflow cooling. The water-gas circuit cooling system cooperates with the double-layer air knife to ensure the effective control of the device temperature during the welding process, thereby improving the welding quality and the safety of the equipment.

[0051] The Y-axis adjustment slider 18 is used to adjust the distance between the welding wire of the welding gun and the front and rear of the laser beam. The adjustment range is 0 to 25 mm. After the angle is adjusted, there is displacement compensation in the Y-axis direction when adjusting the defocus amount or the spacing between the light wires, which can meet the requirements of adjusting the relative position of the welding wire after the angle adjustment;

[0052] The Z-axis adjustment slider 20 is used to adjust the distance between the welding gun and the zero focal length plane of the laser beam. The upper and lower distances between the welding gun and the zero focal length plane of the laser beam can be adjusted. The upper and lower distance adjustment ranges are both 0 to 15 mm. The Z-axis adjustment component 20 is adjusted according to welding requirements to achieve positive defocus welding and negative defocus welding;

[0053] The angle adjustment member 16 is used to adjust the angle between the laser and the welding wire 13 in the XY plane direction, and the adjustable range is 0 to 20°. The adjustment angle is the angle between the laser beam in the YZ plane, which is used to meet the welding process requirements of an angle between the laser head and the welding gun when welding T-joints or I-beam structures.

[0054] The center of the adjustment mechanism of the soft barrel 21 and the center of the laser are in the same plane. The forward movement of the three-dimensional adjustment slider can ensure that under the condition of adjusting the same angle, the displacement compensation in the XYZ axis direction is less, and a larger range of adjustment can be achieved. At the same time, the unique properties of the soft barrel can meet the basic adjustment functions in three-dimensional space and meet the requirements of relevant composite welding processes. Since the rear-end wire feeding device 22 is fixed on the profile 1, adjusting the relative position of the front will only affect the deformation shape of the soft barrel 21, and will not affect the layout of the rear-end pipeline. To a certain extent, it avoids the interference caused by adjusting the relative position between the welding gun and the laser head due to welding process requirements, and has stronger adaptability.

[0055] The laser-MIG composite welding device of the soft barrel of the present invention realizes the laser-MIG composite welding of thick plate components by coupling the laser beam and the arc. The laser beam and the MIG arc act on the welding area at the same time. The laser provides a high energy density heat source to achieve rapid heating and deep penetration of the weld; while the MIG arc provides additional heat to promote the formation and flow of the molten pool, while protecting the molten pool from oxidation. The metal vapor generated when the laser acts enters the arc area, and the metal vapor is easily ionized, which effectively reduces the resistance of the arc conductive channel, enhances the arc stability, and increases the energy utilization rate of the arc. At the same time, the arc heats the metal surface to increase the temperature of the workpiece to be welded, thereby improving the energy utilization rate of the laser. The interaction between the two can achieve high-quality and efficient welding.

[0056] The filament spacing is adjusted by adjusting the relative position between the laser beam and the arc to ensure that the laser and arc heat source effects can reach the best state when welding different materials. The adjustable range is 0 to 20 mm. In the vertical direction, the distance between the welding gun wire 13 and the zero focal length plane of the laser beam can be adjusted up and down when the dry extension length is 21 mm. The adjustment range is -15 to +15 mm. In the front and back directions, the welding gun and the laser head can be adjusted in the range of 0 to 25 mm. The angle adjustment part 16 is used to adjust the angle between the welding direction axis and the normal line of the welding workpiece plane. The adjustment range is 0 to 20°.

[0057] In summary, although the present invention has been disclosed as above in terms of preferred embodiments, the above preferred embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention. A person skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be based on the scope defined in the claims.

[0058] The following are two specific embodiments based on the above device:

[0059] Embodiment 1:

[0060] The present embodiment relates to a laser-MIG composite welding application for titanium alloy materials. The device utilizes the cooperation of a laser welding head and a MIG welding gun, and controls the relative position of the welding wire and the laser beam by adjusting a three-dimensional adjustment structure. In practical applications, the welding wire of the welding gun and the laser beam are maintained at a light wire spacing of 10 mm by adjusting the X-axis slider, and the front-to-back distance between the welding wire and the laser beam is adjusted to 15 mm by adjusting the Y-axis slider. During the welding process, the laser provides a high-energy-density heat source to quickly melt the surface of the titanium alloy, while the MIG welding gun continuously supplies wire to form a uniform weld. The double-layer air knife is used to protect the molten pool and prevent oxidation, and the welding head is cooled through a water-gas circuit system to ensure stable operation of the equipment. This embodiment is particularly suitable for efficient and precision welding of titanium alloys, with a welding speed increased by 30%, and the strength and surface quality of the welded joint are significantly improved.

[0061] Embodiment 2:

[0062] This embodiment is applied to the welding of thin steel plates for car bodies in the shipbuilding industry. The laser-MIG composite welding device provides a high-energy-density laser beam through the laser welding head to heat the local area of ​​the thick-walled structure, and cooperates with the welding wire sent out by the MIG welding gun to form a good welding effect in the high-temperature area. The focal length of the welding gun and the laser beam is accurately adjusted to 5mm through the Z-axis adjustment slider to achieve a negative defocus welding mode, which effectively prevents the deformation of the thin steel plate during the welding process. The angle adjustment part is used to control the welding angle of the welding gun and the laser beam to ensure high-quality welding on the complex curved surface of the car body. The double-layer baffle and air knife effectively isolate the slag and high-temperature gas generated during the welding process, ensuring the stability of the welding process and the long-term service life of the welding head.

[0063] The laser-MIG composite welding device of a soft barrel provided by the present invention is specifically used in the welding of thick-walled titanium alloy components of the hull to form a set of laser-MIG composite welding heads. The maximum laser power of the device can reach 20kW, and the maximum current of the welding gun is 500A, which can realize the double-sided synchronous welding of 5-20mm T-jointed titanium alloy. The surface of the titanium alloy component welded in the embodiment has almost no spatter, good forming, and no obvious defects inside the weld, which meets the actual production needs. At the same time, the maximum wire feeding speed can reach 25m / min, which improves production efficiency and realizes high-quality and efficient laser-MIG composite welding.

[0064] like Figure 4The figure shows the application of a soft barrel laser-MIG composite welding device provided by the present invention in actual thick plate TC4 titanium alloy welding. In the T-joint welding of 18mm thick TC4 titanium alloy, a K-type interface with a 60° groove and 8mm edge is adopted. The process parameters are power of 4kW, welding speed of 1.2m / min, wire feeding speed of 0.72m / min, composite mode of LA, and wire spacing of 4mm. A thick plate titanium alloy with good surface forming, almost no spatter, and no obvious internal defects can be obtained.

[0065] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more than two; the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front end", "rear end", "head", "tail", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0066] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser-MIG composite welding device for a soft gun barrel, characterized in that: It is divided into laser welding head, welding gun, three-dimensional adjustment structural parts, including profiles, optical fiber, interface base, QP interface, optical fiber connector transition piece, main body connection block, installation connection piece, copper mirror base, reflective copper mirror, adjustable bolt, double-layer baffle, double-layer air knife, welding wire, welding gun head, adjustment connection block, angle adjustment piece, X-axis adjustment slider, Y-axis adjustment slider, steering connection piece, Z-axis adjustment slider, soft gun barrel, wire feeding device, water and gas line joint, welding gun connection piece; The laser welding head includes a profile, an optical fiber, an interface base, a QP interface, an optical fiber joint transition piece, a main body connection block, an installation connection piece, a copper mirror base, a reflective copper mirror, an adjustable bolt, a double-layer baffle mirror, a double-layer air knife, and a water-gas path joint. The optical fiber is connected to the QP interface, the QP interface is connected to the interface base, the interface base is connected to the profile, the QP interface is connected to the optical fiber joint transition piece, the optical fiber transition piece is connected to the main body connection block, the main body connection block is connected to the copper mirror base, the lower end of the main body connection block is fixed to the profile and is connected to the double-layer air knife at the same time, the reflective copper mirror is embedded in the copper mirror base, the reflective copper mirror and the copper mirror base are fixed together by an adjustable bolt, the water-gas path joint is connected to the copper mirror base, and the double-layer baffle mirror is connected to the copper mirror base; The welding gun comprises welding wire, a welding gun head, a soft gun barrel, and a wire feeding device. The welding wire is fed from the wire feeding device into the soft gun barrel, enters the welding gun head, and finally extends out from the welding gun head. The welding gun head is connected to the soft gun barrel, and the soft gun barrel is connected to the wire feeding device. The three-dimensional adjustment structure comprises an adjustment connection block, an angle adjustment member, an X-axis adjustment slider, a Y-axis adjustment slider, a steering connection member, and a Z-axis adjustment slider. The adjustment connection block is connected to the welding gun head, the adjustment connection block is connected to the angle adjustment member, the angle adjustment member is connected to the X-axis adjustment slider, the X-axis adjustment slider is connected to the Y-axis adjustment slider, the Y-axis connection block is connected to the steering connection member, the steering connection member is connected to the Z-axis adjustment slider, and the Z-axis adjustment slider is connected to the copper mirror base.

2. The laser-MIG hybrid welding device for a soft gun barrel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The X-axis adjustment slider is used to adjust the light wire spacing between the welding wire of the welding gun and the laser beam, and the light wire spacing adjustment range is 0 to 20 mm.

3. The laser-MIG hybrid welding device for a soft gun barrel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Y-axis adjustment slider is used to adjust the distance between the welding wire of the welding gun and the front and rear of the laser beam, and the adjustment range is 0 to 25 mm.

4. The laser-MIG hybrid welding device for a soft gun barrel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Z-axis adjustment slider is used to adjust the distance between the welding gun and the zero focal length plane of the laser beam. The upper and lower distances between the welding gun and the zero focal length plane of the laser beam can be adjusted. The upper and lower distance adjustment ranges are 0 to 15 mm respectively. The Z-axis adjustment component is adjusted according to welding requirements to achieve positive defocus welding and negative defocus welding.

5. The laser-MIG hybrid welding device for a soft gun barrel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle adjustment member is used to adjust the angle between the laser and the welding wire in the XY plane direction, and the adjustable range is 0 to 20 degrees.

6. A welding method using a laser-MIG hybrid welding device with a soft barrel, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: a) Adjust the X-axis adjustment slider to adjust the wire spacing between the welding wire of the welding gun and the laser beam to 0-20 mm; b) Use the Y-axis adjustment slider to adjust the distance between the welding wire and the front and back of the laser beam to ensure that the distance is within the range of 0 to 25 mm; c) Start the laser welding head and wire feeding device, use the laser to provide a heat source and simultaneously feed the welding wire for composite welding.

7. The welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Use the Z-axis adjustment slider to adjust the upper and lower distances between the welding gun and the zero focal length plane of the laser beam to ensure that the upper and lower distances are within the range of 0 to 15 mm. Select positive or negative defocus welding mode according to welding requirements to optimize welding accuracy.

8. The welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the welding process, the angle between the laser and the welding wire in the XY plane direction is adjusted by the angle adjustment part, and the angle range is 0 to 20° to adapt to different welding paths and workpiece shapes.

9. A welding method based on a laser-MIG composite welding device with a soft barrel, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: a) Use a double-layer air knife to provide a protective airflow to prevent contamination of the welding area and oxidation of the molten pool; b) Provide cooling through the water and gas joints to ensure that the welding head maintains stable operation during long-term high-temperature operation; c) Dynamically adjust wire feeding rate and laser energy according to different welding materials and thickness to ensure welding quality.

Images