Preparation method and equipment of passivated ammonium perchlorate
By designing the preparation equipment and methods for passivating ammonium perchlorate, the agitation and vacuum volatilization technology of microcrystalline wax and petroleum ether are used to uniformly coat the surface of ammonium perchlorate, and the treatment is achieved through the resolver and puffing tower. The problem of high mechanical sensitivity of ammonium chloride improves its application stability and detonation performance in high-speed invasion of warheads.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411112380.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-13
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-03
AI Technical Summary
Ammonium perchlorate has a high mechanical sensitivity in mixed explosives, which limits its application in high-speed invasion of warheads. It needs to be coated with a reduced sensing material to improve interface effect and stability.
A preparation equipment and method for passivating ammonium perchlorate was designed, and the volatilization of microcrystalline wax and petroleum ether was used to use equipment such as fusion machine, insensitizer preparation tank, powder feeder and insensitivity machine. The ammonium perchlorate surface is uniformly coated, combined with the antisolator and the puffing tower for puffing treatment, and improve the interface effect.
It achieves efficient reduction of the mechanic sensitivity of ammonium perchlorate, improves its stability during the invasion process, and improves detonation performance and particle size distribution.
Smart Images
Figure CN119241319A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of passivated ammonium perchlorate preparation, in particular to a method and equipment for preparing passivated ammonium perchlorate. Background Art
[0002] Adding oxidants to the formula of mixed explosives can significantly increase the explosive heat of the mixed explosives and increase their power. Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is an oxidant with high density and high effective oxygen content. The detonation products are all gases with good comprehensive properties and are widely used in mixed explosives. However, AP has high mechanical sensitivity, which leads to high mechanical sensitivity of mixed explosives formed by it and RDX, octogen (HMX) and aluminum powder, limiting the application of mixed explosives containing ammonium perchlorate in high-speed penetrating warheads.
[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to coat its surface with a high-efficiency sensitivity-reducing material to achieve a good interface interaction between it and the ammonium perchlorate particles to improve the stability during the penetration process. Summary of the invention
[0004] The present invention proposes a global navigation satellite system measurement device, which solves the problems in the prior art. The technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows:
[0005] A preparation device for passivated ammonium perchlorate comprises a fusion machine, a desensitizing agent preparation tank, a powder feeder and a desensitizing machine, wherein the fusion machine comprises a first feed port and a second feed port, the discharge port of the fusion machine is connected to the feed port of the desensitizing agent preparation tank, and the discharge port of the desensitizing agent preparation tank is connected to the desensitizing machine; the discharge port of the powder feeder is connected to the desensitizing machine, the desensitizing machine is provided with a discharge port, and further comprises a petroleum ether collecting device, the petroleum ether collecting device comprises a cyclone separator, a circulating water heat exchanger and a petroleum ether collecting tank which are sequentially connected to the desensitizing machine.
[0006] As a preferred technical solution, it also includes a wax melter 1, and the microcrystalline wax enters the fusion machine after being melted by the wax melter 1.
[0007] As a preferred technical solution, it also includes a weighing and metering tank, which is connected to the feeding port of the powder feeder. After the ammonium perchlorate product is weighed in the weighing and metering tank, it is fed into the induction machine for stirring through the powder feeder.
[0008] As a preferred technical solution, it also includes an anti-dissolver, which includes a flow focusing micro-mixer, an ultrasonic generator and a filtering and drying device. A mixing channel is connected to the flow focusing micro-mixer, and the mixing channel is built in the ultrasonic field of the ultrasonic generator. The mixing channel is connected to the filtering and drying device, and the filtering and drying device is connected to the weighing and metering tank.
[0009] The anti-dissolver also includes a puffing tower, which includes a solvent chamber, which is placed in a water bath heating tank, connected to an evaporator, which is connected to a vacuum drying box, and the discharge port of the desensitizer is connected to the solvent chamber.
[0010] A method for preparing passivated ammonium perchlorate, using the above-mentioned preparation equipment for passivated ammonium perchlorate, comprises the following steps:
[0011] Microcrystalline wax enters the melting machine through the first feed port, petroleum ether enters the melting machine through the second feed port, and is stirred with the microcrystalline wax in the melting machine to prepare a desensitizing agent, and the prepared desensitizing agent is sent to a desensitizing agent preparation tank; the finished ammonium perchlorate is sent to the desensitizing machine through a powder feeder, and is mixed and stirred with the desensitizing agent entering the desensitizing machine through the desensitizing agent preparation tank to obtain passivated ammonium perchlorate.
[0012] As a preferred technical solution, the mass ratio of microcrystalline wax to petroleum ether in the melting machine is (32-35):(15-17); the temperature in the melting machine is controlled at 25°C-35°C, the stirring speed is controlled at 60rpm-80rpm, and the stirring time is controlled at 30min-60min.
[0013] As a preferred technical solution, the mass ratio of the desensitizing agent to ammonium perchlorate fed into the desensitizer is (4-7):(18-22), the temperature inside the desensitizer is controlled at 25°C-35°C, the stirring speed is controlled at 40rpm-60rpm, and the stirring time is controlled at 20min-30min.
[0014] As a preferred technical solution, the finished ammonium perchlorate product is weighed in a weighing and metering tank and then fed into the desensitizer through a powder feeder for stirring.
[0015] As a preferred technical solution, the finished ammonium perchlorate enters the powder feeder after being desolvated in the desolvator, and the passivated ammonium perchlorate enters the puffing tower for puffing treatment before being discharged.
[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present solution has the following beneficial effects: dissolving the coating microcrystalline wax in petroleum ether to prepare a desensitizing agent, mixing the desensitizing agent with ammonium perchlorate in proportion, slowly stirring the mixture, and using vacuum to evaporate the petroleum ether for recovery, so that the microcrystalline wax dissolved in the petroleum ether is precipitated and uniformly coated on the surface of solid ammonium perchlorate, and the surface of ammonium perchlorate is coated with the microcrystalline wax, a highly efficient desensitizing material, to achieve a good interface effect between the microcrystalline wax and the ammonium perchlorate particles, so as to improve the stability during the penetration process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.
[0018] Figure 1 The present invention is a structural block diagram of a preparation device for passivated ammonium perchlorate.
[0019] Description of reference numerals:
[0020] 1. Wax melter; 2. Fusion machine; 3. Weighing and metering tank; 4. Powder feeder; 5. Desensitizer preparation tank; 6. Desensitizer; 7. Cyclone separator; 8. Circulating water heat exchanger; 9. Petroleum ether collection tank; 10. Puffing tower; 11. Anti-dissolver. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0022] Reference Figure 1 A preparation device for passivated ammonium perchlorate, comprising a wax melter, a fusion machine 2, a desensitizing agent preparation tank 5, a powder feeder 4, and a desensitizing machine 6, wherein the fusion machine 2 comprises a first feed port and a second feed port, the discharge port of the fusion machine 2 is connected to the feed port of the desensitizing agent preparation tank 5, and the discharge port of the desensitizing agent preparation tank 5 is connected to the desensitizing machine 6; the discharge port of the powder feeder 4 is connected to the desensitizing machine 6, and the desensitizing machine 6 is provided with a discharge port, and also comprises a petroleum ether collecting device, and the petroleum ether collecting device comprises a cyclone separator 7, a circulating water heat exchanger 8 and a petroleum ether collecting tank 9 which are sequentially connected to the desensitizing machine 6.
[0023] It also includes a weighing and metering tank 3, which is connected to the feed port of the powder feeder 4, and an anti-dissolver 11, which includes a flow-focusing micro-mixer, an ultrasonic generator and a filter-drying device, and a mixing channel is connected to the flow-focusing micro-mixer, the mixing channel is built in the ultrasonic field of the ultrasonic generator, the mixing channel is connected to the filter-drying device, and the filter-drying device is connected to the weighing and metering tank 3. It also includes a puffing tower 10, which includes a solvent chamber, the solvent chamber is placed in a water bath heating tank, the solvent chamber is connected to an evaporator, the evaporator is connected to a vacuum drying box, and the discharge port of the desensitizer 6 is connected to the solvent chamber.
[0024] Working principle: Microcrystalline wax and petroleum ether are sent to the melting machine 2 through the wax melter to mix and prepare the insensitivity agent, and the mass ratio of microcrystalline wax and petroleum ether is controlled at (32-35): (15-17), the temperature in the melting machine 2 is controlled at 25℃-35℃, the stirring speed is controlled at 60rpm-80rpm, and the stirring time is controlled at 30min-60min. The prepared insensitivity agent is sent to the insensitivity agent preparation tank 5. The finished ammonium perchlorate is weighed in the weighing and metering tank 3 and sent to the insensitivity machine 6 through the powder feeder 4 for mixing. The mass ratio of the insensitivity agent and ammonium perchlorate sent to the insensitivity machine 6 is controlled at (4-7): (18-22). The temperature in the insensitivity machine 6 is controlled at 25℃-35℃, the stirring speed is controlled at 40rpm-60rpm, and the stirring time is controlled at 20min-30min. The vacuum system composed of the cyclone separator 7 and the circulating water heat exchanger 8 in the desensitizer 6 is evacuated, and the vacuum pressure in the desensitizer 6 is required to be controlled at (-0.08~-0.04)MPa. The petroleum ether is volatilized by stirring and vacuum in the desensitizer 6, so that the microcrystalline wax is evenly coated on the surface of the solid ammonium perchlorate. The volatilized petroleum ether is recovered in the petroleum ether collection tank 9. The coated desensitized ammonium perchlorate product is sent to the drying process after discharge, and the drying temperature is controlled at (100±5)℃. The quality indicators of the finished product after drying are ammonium perchlorate ≥85%, microcrystalline wax ≤10%, and petroleum ether ≤0.05%.
[0025] In the field of solid propellants, ammonium perchlorate (AP) is one of the most commonly used oxidants in solid propellants, and its weight proportion in solid propellants is as high as 60 to 80%. Therefore, the performance of solid propellants will change with the change of the characteristics of ammonium perchlorate, especially the particle size and morphology of AP. Ultrafine or / and hollow ammonium perchlorate with high specific surface area can effectively improve the performance of propellants, and the smaller the particle size and the more hollow structures, the better the performance of the propellant.
[0026] In order to make the finished ammonium perchlorate entering the powder feeder 4 have a smaller particle size and more hollow structures, an anti-solvent 11 can be set at the feed port of the powder feeder 4, and the anti-solvent and the solvent are mutually dissolved to form a new mixed liquid phase, so that the solubility of the solute in this new mixed liquid phase becomes very small, and supersaturation is achieved to precipitate ultra-fine ammonium perchlorate powder from the mixed solution. At the same time, by setting it after the desensitizer 6, the expansion tower 10 is set after the passivation of the desensitizer 6 is completed, and the ammonium perchlorate that has been passivated is used as a raw material to prepare porous ammonium perchlorate. Compared with the unexpanded ammonium perchlorate with the same particle size, the specific surface area increases after expansion, and the heat release is improved. Further, a good interface effect between it and the ammonium perchlorate particles is achieved to improve the stability during the penetration process.
[0027] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A preparation device for passivated ammonium perchlorate, characterized in that: The invention comprises a fusion machine (2), a desensitizing agent preparation tank (5), a powder feeder (4), and a desensitizing machine (6). The fusion machine (2) comprises a first feed port and a second feed port. The discharge port of the fusion machine (2) is connected to the feed port of the desensitizing agent preparation tank (5), and the discharge port of the desensitizing agent preparation tank (5) is connected to the desensitizing machine (6). The discharge port of the powder feeder (4) is connected to the desensitizing machine (6). The desensitizing machine (6) is provided with a discharge port. The invention also comprises a petroleum ether collecting device. The petroleum ether collecting device comprises a cyclone separator (7), a circulating water heat exchanger (8), and a petroleum ether collecting tank (9) which are sequentially connected to the desensitizing machine.
2. A preparation device for passivated ammonium perchlorate according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a wax melter (1), and the microcrystalline wax is melted by the wax melter (1) and then enters the fusion machine 2.
3. A preparation device for passivated ammonium perchlorate according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a weighing and metering tank (3) connected to the feeding port of the powder feeder (4). After the finished ammonium perchlorate is weighed in the weighing and metering tank (3), it is fed into the insensitivity machine (6) through the powder feeder (4) for stirring.
4. A preparation device for passivated ammonium perchlorate as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes an anti-dissolver (11), which includes a flow-focusing micro-mixer, an ultrasonic generator and a filtering and drying device. A mixing channel is connected to the flow-focusing micro-mixer, and the mixing channel is built in the ultrasonic field of the ultrasonic generator. The mixing channel is connected to the filtering and drying device, and the filtering and drying device is connected to the weighing and metering tank (3).
5. A preparation device for passivated ammonium perchlorate according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a puffing tower (10), the puffing tower (10) includes a solvent chamber, the solvent chamber is placed in a water bath heating tank, the solvent chamber is connected to an evaporator, the evaporator is connected to a vacuum drying oven, and the discharge port of the desensitizer (6) is connected to the solvent chamber.
6. A method for preparing passivated ammonium perchlorate, characterized in that: The preparation device using a passivated ammonium perchlorate as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 comprises the following steps: Microcrystalline wax enters the melting machine (2) through the first feed port, petroleum ether enters the melting machine (2) through the second feed port, and is mixed with the microcrystalline wax in the melting machine to prepare a desensitizing agent, and the prepared desensitizing agent is sent to a desensitizing agent preparation tank (5); the finished ammonium perchlorate product is sent to the desensitizing machine (6) through a powder feeder, and is mixed and stirred with the desensitizing agent entering the desensitizing machine (6) through the desensitizing agent preparation tank (5) to obtain passivated ammonium perchlorate.
7. A preparation device for passivated ammonium perchlorate according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mass ratio of microcrystalline wax to petroleum ether in the melting machine is (32-35):(15-17); the temperature in the melting machine (6) is controlled at 25°C-35°C, the stirring speed is controlled at 60rpm-80rpm, and the stirring time is controlled at 30min-60min.
8. A preparation device for passivated ammonium perchlorate as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the desensitizing agent to ammonium perchlorate fed into the desensitizing machine (6) is (4-7):(18-22), the temperature in the desensitizing machine (6) is controlled at 25°C-35°C, the stirring speed is controlled at 40rpm-60rpm, and the stirring time is controlled at 20min-30min.
9. A preparation device for passivated ammonium perchlorate according to claim 6, characterized in that: The finished ammonium perchlorate product is weighed in a weighing and metering tank (3) and then fed into the desensitizing machine (6) through a powder feeder for stirring.
10. A preparation device for passivated ammonium perchlorate according to claim 6, characterized in that: The finished ammonium perchlorate product enters the powder feeder after being subjected to anti-dissolution treatment in the anti-dissolution device (11), and the passivated ammonium perchlorate enters the puffing tower for puffing treatment before being discharged.