Gas nozzle and gas nozzle detection and warning method

Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a gas nozzle and a gas nozzle detection and early warning method. The gas nozzle includes: a nozzle housing, a first hydrogen fuel pipe, a second hydrogen fuel pipe assembly, a first premixer, a second premixer, and an air flow annular member, wherein: the first hydrogen fuel pipe is coaxially fixed at the central axis position of the nozzle housing; the air flow annular member is coaxially fixed around the first hydrogen fuel pipe within the nozzle housing; the first premixer is fixed within the chamber between the first hydrogen fuel pipe and the air flow annular member; the second premixer is fixed within the chamber between the air flow annular member and the outer shell of the nozzle housing; the second hydrogen fuel pipe assembly is fixedly connected to the top surface edge of the nozzle housing. This implementation mode can effectively reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides, and can also avoid the up-and-down movement of the flame and the risk of flashback.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the field of gas turbines, and particularly to gas nozzles and gas nozzle detection and warning methods. Background Art

[0002] As an energy source to replace traditional fossil fuels, hydrogen fuel has the characteristics of low density, wide flammable range, fast combustion speed, high adiabatic flame temperature, and rich storage resources. It can effectively reduce carbon emissions, which is of great significance for alleviating global climate change and protecting the environment, and has received extensive attention and research in the field of gas turbines.

[0003] Hydrogen combustion nitrogen oxides are mainly thermal types, mainly generated by high-temperature combustion. The combustion temperature is the most sensitive parameter affecting the formation of thermal nitrogen oxides, and it has an exponential relationship with the nitrogen oxide formation rate. The existing low-pollution hydrogen combustion technologies mainly adopt micro-mixing combustion technologies, mainly using a large number of simple-structured micro nozzles to replace traditional large-diameter nozzles, converting large-scale flames into multiple small-scale flames, enhancing the local mixing intensity of air and hydrogen, and improving the mixing uniformity. At the same time, small-scale flames can significantly shorten the residence time of nitrogen in the high-temperature zone, thereby reducing the formation of nitrogen oxides.

[0004] Mainstream gas turbine manufacturers around the world are vigorously promoting the use of hydrogen-blended fuels and pure hydrogen fuels. However, the physical and chemical properties of hydrogen are significantly different from those of traditional hydrocarbon fuels, resulting in huge challenges for hydrogen combustion technologies. For example, to achieve the same heat load as traditional fuels, hydrogen fuel requires a higher fuel flow rate, which leads to a larger pressure loss in the combustion chamber and thus affects the overall performance of the engine.

[0005] However, the inventors found that when the calibration plate is placed in the above manner, the following technical problems often exist:

[0006] Most of the diameters of the micro-mixing tubes in the existing micro-mixing pre-mixed combustion are single diameters. Although it can effectively reduce the emissions of hydrogen combustion nitrogen oxides, the high activity and higher flame speed of hydrogen in the pre-mixed reaction make the flame front thinner, making the flame more likely to move upstream and increasing the risk of flashback.

[0007] The above information disclosed in this background art section is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of the inventive concept, and therefore, it may include information that does not form the prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art in this country. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This section of the present disclosure is used to briefly introduce concepts, which will be described in detail in the following detailed implementation section. This section of the present disclosure is not intended to identify the key features or essential features of the claimed technical solution, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the claimed technical solution.

[0009] Some embodiments of the present disclosure propose a gas nozzle and a gas nozzle detection and warning method to solve the technical problems mentioned in the above background art section.

[0010] In a first aspect, some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a gas nozzle, characterized in that the gas nozzle includes: a nozzle housing, a first hydrogen fuel pipe, a second hydrogen fuel pipe assembly, a first premixer, a second premixer, an air flow annular member, and a second hydrogen fuel pipe ventilation duct, wherein: the first hydrogen fuel pipe is coaxially fixed at the central axis position of the nozzle housing, wherein the nozzle housing is a cylindrical hollow double-layer housing, the first hydrogen fuel pipe is a double-layer pipe, and the sandwich space of the double-layer pipe is the first hydrogen fuel passage. A circle of ventilation holes is provided at the bottom end of the outer layer pipe of the first hydrogen fuel pipe, and hydrogen in the first hydrogen fuel passage flows into the fuel chamber of the first premixer through the ventilation holes; an intake hole is provided at the intake end of the first hydrogen fuel pipe, and hydrogen is conveyed to the sandwich space of the first hydrogen fuel pipe through the intake hole in the working state; the air flow annular member is coaxially fixed around the first hydrogen fuel pipe in the nozzle housing for isolating the fuel chambers of the second premixer and the first premixer; the first premixer is fixed in the chamber between the first hydrogen fuel pipe and the air flow annular member; the second premixer is fixed in the chamber between the air flow annular member and the outer shell of the nozzle housing, wherein both the first premixer and the second premixer are composed of multiple layers of micro-mixing pipes arranged layer by layer around the central axis of the nozzle housing, and each layer is composed of multiple micro-mixing pipes with different diameters for guiding gas from the intake end to the outlet end in the working state; the second hydrogen fuel pipe assembly is fixedly connected to the top surface edge of the nozzle housing, and the second hydrogen fuel pipe ventilation duct is fixedly connected to the second hydrogen fuel pipe assembly, wherein each second hydrogen fuel pipe in the second hydrogen fuel pipe assembly conveys hydrogen to the middle air chamber of the nozzle housing through the fixedly connected second hydrogen fuel pipe ventilation duct, and the second hydrogen fuel pipe assembly is in communication with the middle air chamber of the nozzle housing for allowing hydrogen to flow into the middle air chamber in the working state and then flow from the middle air chamber to the fuel chamber of the second premixer.

[0011] Optionally, the above-mentioned first premixer and the above-mentioned second premixer are separated into an outer chamber and an inner chamber by a partition, where: ventilation holes are provided at the positions of the respective micro-mixing tubes in the inner chamber of the first premixer and the second premixer for allowing the gas introduced into the inner chambers of the first premixer and the second premixer to flow into the micro-mixing tubes during the working state; the inner chambers of the first premixer and the second premixer are isolated by the above-mentioned air flow annular member; during the working state, air is introduced into the air inlet ends of the first premixer and the second premixer for gas mixing with the hydrogen in the respective micro-mixing tubes and the chambers, and then the gas flows out through the air outlet ends.

[0012] Optionally, ventilation holes are provided at the positions of the outer chamber on the above-mentioned air flow annular member, where: the outer chambers of the first premixer and the second premixer are interconnected through the ventilation holes on the above-mentioned air flow annular member for allowing the cooling gas flowing into the internal space of the air flow annular member to flow into the outer chambers of the first premixer and the second premixer during the working state for cooling the micro-mixing tubes and the gas nozzles at the outer chamber positions.

[0013] Optionally, the micro-mixing tubes in the first premixer and the second premixer are arranged in a circle around the central axis of the gas nozzle for one layer, and the inclination directions of the micro-mixing tubes between adjacent layers are different for cross arrangement.

[0014] Optionally, the end faces of the air inlet ports of the first premixer and the second premixer are set to be rounded, and the air inlet end of the above-mentioned air flow annular member is set to be rounded.

[0015] Optionally, the outer chambers of the first premixer and the second premixer are provided with a thermal barrier coating, air outlet holes corresponding to the respective micro-mixing tubes are provided on the end face where the thermal barrier coating is located, and cold air discharge holes are provided on the end face where the thermal barrier coating is located for discharging the cooling air input into the outer chamber.

[0016] Second aspect, some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a gas nozzle detection and warning method for the first aspect as described above. The gas nozzle detection and warning method includes: controlling a thermocouple element to measure the temperature of the injection surface of the gas nozzle in the working state at multiple preset angles respectively to generate a temperature measurement information sequence. Each temperature measurement information in the temperature measurement information sequence includes: the measurement angle corresponding to the injection surface when the thermocouple element measures and the measured temperature value. Each gas hole on the injection surface of the gas nozzle is provided with a corresponding gas hole coordinate area and a gas hole identifier; when the measurement by the thermocouple element ends, controlling a preset infrared temperature sensor to measure the flame temperature distribution information of the injection surface; performing position calibration on the flame temperature distribution information and the temperature measurement information sequence to generate calibrated flame temperature distribution information and a converted measured temperature value sequence; using the converted measured temperature value sequence to perform data calibration on the calibrated flame temperature distribution information to generate gas nozzle temperature distribution information; dividing the gas nozzle temperature distribution information according to the gas jet coordinates of each gas hole on the injection surface to generate a set of gas hole temperature values corresponding to each gas hole identifier; in response to determining that there is a gas hole temperature value in the set of gas hole temperature values that exceeds the preset temperature range, taking the gas jet coordinate corresponding to the gas hole temperature value that exceeds the preset temperature range as a warning message, and controlling a warning device to issue a warning operation for gas hole blockage.

[0017] The above-mentioned various embodiments of the present disclosure have the following beneficial effects: By using the gas nozzle for a pure hydrogen gas turbine according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the risk of flashback in the gas turbine can be avoided. Specifically, the reason for the increased risk of flashback is that: in the existing micro-mixed pre-mixed combustion, the diameter of the micro-mixed tube is mostly a single diameter. Although it can effectively reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides in hydrogen combustion, the high reactivity and higher flame speed of hydrogen in the pre-mixed reaction make the flame front thinner, making the flame more likely to move upstream. Based on this, the gas nozzle for a pure hydrogen gas turbine according to some embodiments of the present disclosure includes: a nozzle housing, a first hydrogen fuel pipe, a second hydrogen fuel pipe assembly, a first pre-mixer, a second pre-mixer, an air flow annular member, and a second hydrogen fuel pipe ventilation duct. The above-mentioned first hydrogen fuel pipe is coaxially fixed at the central axis position of the above-mentioned nozzle housing. Among them, the above-mentioned nozzle housing is a cylindrical hollow double-layer housing, and the above-mentioned first hydrogen fuel pipe is a double-layer pipe. The sandwich space of the double-layer pipe is the first hydrogen fuel channel. A circle of ventilation holes is provided at the bottom end of the outer layer pipe of the above-mentioned first hydrogen fuel pipe, and hydrogen in the first hydrogen fuel channel flows into the fuel chamber of the above-mentioned first pre-mixer through the ventilation holes. An intake hole is provided at the intake end of the above-mentioned first hydrogen fuel pipe. In the working state, hydrogen is transported to the sandwich space of the first hydrogen fuel pipe through the intake hole. Secondly, the above-mentioned air flow annular member is coaxially fixed around the above-mentioned first hydrogen fuel pipe in the above-mentioned nozzle housing to isolate the fuel chambers of the above-mentioned second pre-mixer and the above-mentioned first pre-mixer; the above-mentioned first pre-mixer is fixed in the chamber between the above-mentioned first hydrogen fuel pipe and the above-mentioned air flow annular member. The above-mentioned second pre-mixer is fixed in the chamber between the above-mentioned air flow annular member and the outer shell of the above-mentioned nozzle housing. Among them, the above-mentioned first pre-mixer and the above-mentioned second pre-mixer are both composed of multiple layers of micro-mixed pipes arranged layer by layer around the central axis of the nozzle housing. Each layer is composed of multiple micro-mixed pipes with different diameters, so as to allow the gas to flow from the intake end to the outlet end in the working state. The above-mentioned second hydrogen fuel pipe assembly is fixedly connected to the top edge of the above-mentioned nozzle housing, and the above-mentioned second hydrogen fuel pipe ventilation duct is fixedly connected to the above-mentioned second hydrogen fuel pipe assembly. Among them, each second hydrogen fuel pipe in the above-mentioned second hydrogen fuel pipe assembly transports hydrogen to the central air chamber of the nozzle housing through the fixedly connected second hydrogen fuel pipe ventilation duct. The above-mentioned second hydrogen fuel pipe assembly is in communication with the central air chamber of the above-mentioned nozzle housing, and is used to circulate hydrogen into the central air chamber in the working state, and then circulate from the central air chamber to the fuel chamber of the above-mentioned second pre-mixer. Setting adjacent cylindrical micro-mixed pipes with different diameters will form inharmonic waves, which will further affect the propagation of sound waves and reduce combustion thermoacoustic instability. In addition, the uneven array of micro-mixed pipes with different diameters will affect the mixing uniformity of the fuel near the exhaust side of the nozzle, making the fuel burn more fully and evenly, thereby effectively eliminating local high-temperature areas and hot spots in the combustion chamber flame tube. This can not only effectively reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides, but also avoid the up and down movement of the flame and the risk of flashback. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In combination with the accompanying drawings and with reference to the following specific embodiments, the above and other features, advantages, and aspects of the embodiments of the present disclosure will become more apparent. Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements. It should be understood that the drawings are schematic, and the elements and elements are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall gas nozzle according to some embodiments of the gas nozzle of the present disclosure;

[0020] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the first hydrogen fuel pipe according to some embodiments of the gas nozzle of the present disclosure;

[0021] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of the micro-mixing pipes according to some embodiments of the gas nozzle of the present disclosure;

[0022] Figure 4 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the gas nozzle according to some other embodiments of the gas nozzle of the present disclosure;

[0023] Figure 5 is a front view of the cross-section of the gas nozzle according to some other embodiments of the gas nozzle of the present disclosure;

[0024] Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the air flow annular member according to some other embodiments of the gas nozzle of the present disclosure;

[0025] Figure 7 is a front view of the gas outlet surface of the gas nozzle according to some other embodiments of the gas nozzle of the present disclosure;

[0026] Figure 8 is a flowchart according to some embodiments of the gas nozzle detection and warning method of the present disclosure. Specific Embodiments

[0027] The embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although some embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to more thoroughly and completely understand the present disclosure. It should be understood that the drawings and embodiments of the present disclosure are only for exemplary purposes and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0028] In addition, it should be noted that for the sake of convenience of description, only the parts related to the relevant invention are shown in the drawings. Without conflict, the embodiments in the present disclosure and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0029] It should be noted that concepts such as "first" and "second" mentioned in this disclosure are only used to distinguish different devices, modules or units, and are not used to limit the order of functions performed by these devices, modules or units or their interdependent relationships.

[0030] It should be noted that the modifications of "one" and "multiple" mentioned in this disclosure are illustrative rather than restrictive. Those skilled in the art should understand that unless otherwise clearly specified in the context, it should be understood as "one or more".

[0031] The names of the messages or information exchanged between multiple devices in the embodiments of this disclosure are only for illustrative purposes and are not used to limit the scope of these messages or information.

[0032] The present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with embodiments.

[0033] First, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an overall gas nozzle according to some embodiments of the gas nozzle of the present disclosure. As Figure 1 shown, the above gas nozzle includes: a nozzle housing 1, a first hydrogen fuel pipe 2, a second hydrogen fuel pipe assembly 3, a first premixer 4, a second premixer 5, an air flow annular member 6, and a second hydrogen fuel pipe ventilation duct 7, wherein:

[0034] The above first hydrogen fuel pipe 2 is coaxially fixed at the central axis position of the above nozzle housing 1. Among them, the above nozzle housing 1 is a cylindrical hollow double-layer housing, and the above first hydrogen fuel pipe 2 is a double-layer pipe. The sandwich space of the double-layer pipe is a first hydrogen fuel channel 23. A circle of ventilation holes 22 is provided at the bottom end of the outer layer pipe of the above first hydrogen fuel pipe 2. Hydrogen in the first hydrogen fuel channel 23 flows into the fuel chamber of the above first premixer 4 through the ventilation holes.

[0035] As an example, as Figure 2 shown, Figure 2 a circle of ventilation holes 22 is provided at the bottom end of the outer layer pipe of the first hydrogen fuel pipe 2 in

[0036] An intake hole 21 is provided at the intake end of the above first hydrogen fuel pipe 2. Among them, in the working state, hydrogen is supplied to the sandwich space of the first hydrogen fuel pipe 2 through the intake hole 21.

[0037] The above air flow annular member 6 is coaxially fixed around the above first hydrogen fuel pipe 2 inside the above nozzle housing 1, and is used to isolate the fuel chambers of the above second premixer 5 and the above first premixer 4.

[0038] The above first premixer 4 is fixed in the chamber between the above first hydrogen fuel pipe 2 and the above air flow annular member 6.

[0039] The above-mentioned second premixer 5 is fixed in the chamber between the above-mentioned annular air flow member 6 and the outer shell of the above-mentioned nozzle housing 1. Among them, both the above-mentioned first premixer 4 and the above-mentioned second premixer 5 are composed of multiple layers of micro-mixing tubes arranged layer by layer around the central axis of the nozzle housing 1. Each layer is composed of multiple micro-mixing tubes with different diameters, and is used to lead the gas from the intake end to the outlet end under the working state. Here, the intake end can be Figure 1 the upper surface of the gas nozzle in Figure 1 the lower surface of the gas nozzle in

[0040] As an example, as Figure 3 shown. Figure 3 In the schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of the micro-mixing tubes shown in

[0041] the micro-mixing tubes are arranged in a cross pattern with two different diameters (r1 and r2, and r1 is less than r2). In addition, for example, two micro-mixing tubes with different diameters can also be arranged in a repeated cross pattern. For example, the arrangement pattern represented by the diameter is [r1, r1, r2, r1, r1, r2, r1, r1, r2...]. Or it can be represented as [r1, r1, r2, r2, r1, r1, r2, r2, r1, r1 r2, r2,...] etc. No specific limitation is made here. In practice, the diameter of the micro-mixing tube can take any value greater than zero. That is, it can be an integer or a floating point number (for example, 1.3 mm, 2.4 mm, 5.6 mm, etc.). Another example is that there can be two diameters of 3 mm and 4 mm, or two diameters of 3.5 mm and 6 mm, etc. The diameter can be specifically adjusted according to the process technology and actual requirements, and no specific limitation is made.

[0042] In practice, the proportion of the total amount of hydrogen introduced into the upper intake hole 21 of the above-mentioned first hydrogen fuel pipe 2 to the total amount of hydrogen introduced into the second hydrogen fuel pipe ventilation duct 7 is a preset hydrogen proportion, so as to facilitate the full mixing of hydrogen and air. For example, the preset hydrogen proportion can be 1:3.

[0043] The above-mentioned various embodiments of the present disclosure have the following beneficial effects: Through the gas nozzles of some embodiments of the present disclosure, the risk of flashback in a gas turbine can be avoided. Specifically, the reason for the increased flashback risk is as follows: Most of the diameters of the micro-mixing tubes in the existing micro-mixed premixed combustion are single diameters. Although it can effectively reduce the emissions of nitrogen oxides from hydrogen combustion, the high reactivity and higher flame speed of hydrogen in the premixed reaction make the flame front thinner, making the flame more likely to move upstream. Based on this, the gas nozzles for a pure hydrogen gas turbine of some embodiments of the present disclosure include: a nozzle housing, a first hydrogen fuel pipe, a second hydrogen fuel pipe assembly, a first pre-mixer, a second pre-mixer, an air flow annular member, and a second hydrogen fuel pipe ventilation duct. The above-mentioned first hydrogen fuel pipe is coaxially fixed at the central axis position of the above-mentioned nozzle housing. Among them, the above-mentioned nozzle housing is a cylindrical hollow double-layer housing, and the above-mentioned first hydrogen fuel pipe is a double-layer pipe. The sandwich space of the double-layer pipe is the first hydrogen fuel passage. A circle of ventilation holes is provided at the bottom end of the outer layer pipe of the above-mentioned first hydrogen fuel pipe, and hydrogen in the first hydrogen fuel passage flows into the fuel chamber of the above-mentioned first pre-mixer through the ventilation holes. An intake hole is provided at the intake end of the above-mentioned first hydrogen fuel pipe. In the working state, hydrogen is conveyed to the sandwich space of the first hydrogen fuel pipe through the intake hole. Secondly, the above-mentioned air flow annular member is coaxially fixed in the above-mentioned nozzle housing around the above-mentioned first hydrogen fuel pipe, and is used to isolate the fuel chambers of the above-mentioned second pre-mixer and the above-mentioned first pre-mixer; the above-mentioned first pre-mixer is fixed in the chamber between the above-mentioned first hydrogen fuel pipe and the above-mentioned air flow annular member. The above-mentioned second pre-mixer is fixed in the chamber between the above-mentioned air flow annular member and the outer shell of the above-mentioned nozzle housing. Among them, the above-mentioned first pre-mixer and the above-mentioned second pre-mixer are both composed of multiple layers of micro-mixing tubes arranged around the central axis of the nozzle housing. The diameters of adjacent micro-mixing tubes in each layer of micro-mixing tubes are different, so as to allow gas to flow from the intake end to the outlet end in the working state. The above-mentioned second hydrogen fuel pipe assembly is fixedly connected to the top edge of the above-mentioned nozzle housing, and the above-mentioned second hydrogen fuel pipe ventilation duct is fixedly connected to the above-mentioned second hydrogen fuel pipe assembly. Among them, each second hydrogen fuel pipe in the above-mentioned second hydrogen fuel pipe assembly conveys hydrogen to the middle air chamber of the nozzle housing through the fixedly connected second hydrogen fuel pipe ventilation duct. The above-mentioned second hydrogen fuel pipe assembly is in communication with the middle air chamber of the above-mentioned nozzle housing, and is used to circulate hydrogen into the middle air chamber in the working state, and then circulate from the middle air chamber to the fuel chamber of the above-mentioned second pre-mixer. Setting adjacent cylindrical micro-mixing tubes to different diameters will form inharmonic waves, which will further affect the propagation of sound waves and reduce combustion thermoacoustic instability. In addition, the non-uniform array of micro-mixing tubes with different diameters will affect the mixing uniformity of the fuel near the exhaust side of the nozzle, making the fuel burn more fully and evenly, thereby effectively eliminating local high-temperature areas and hot spots in the combustion chamber flame tube. It can not only effectively reduce the emissions of nitrogen oxides, but also avoid the up and down movement of the flame and the risk of flashback.

[0044] Next, please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 which is a partial cross-sectional schematic view of a gas nozzle according to some other embodiments of the gas nozzle of the present disclosure. As Figure 4 shown, the first premixer 4 and the second premixer 5 are separated by a partition into an outer chamber 9 and an inner chamber 8. Among them, ventilation holes 11 are provided at the positions of the respective micro-mixing tubes 10 in the inner chamber 8 of the first premixer 4 and the second premixer 5, so as to allow the gas introduced into the inner chamber 8 of the first premixer 4 and the second premixer 5 to flow into the micro-mixing tubes 10 during the working state. The inner chambers 8 of the first premixer 4 and the second premixer 5 are isolated by the air flow annular member 6.

[0045] During the working state, air is introduced into the intake ends of the first premixer 4 and the second premixer 5 to mix with the hydrogen in the respective micro-mixing tubes and the chamber, and then the gas flows out through the outlet ends.

[0046] In practice, a pure hydrogen intake hole is provided on the micro-mixing tube 10, which can be used to enhance the mixing degree of hydrogen and air, eliminate the local high-temperature area, and thus reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides.

[0047] As an example, refer to Figure 5 the marked intake end (intake arrow) and outlet end (outlet arrow).

[0048] Next, please refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 which is a cross-sectional schematic view of the air flow annular member 6 according to some other embodiments of the gas nozzle of the present disclosure. Ventilation holes 61 are provided at the positions of the air flow annular member 6 in the outer chamber 9. Among them: the outer chambers 9 of the first premixer 4 and the second premixer 5 are interconnected through the ventilation holes on the air flow annular member 6, so as to allow the cooling gas flowing into the internal space of the air flow annular member 6 to flow into the outer chambers 9 of the first premixer 4 and the second premixer 5 during the working state for cooling the micro-mixing tubes 10 and the gas nozzle at the position of the outer chamber 9.

[0049] In the process of adopting the above technical solutions to solve the technical problems in the background technology, there is often another technical problem 2: replacing the traditional large-diameter nozzle with a large number of micro nozzles with simple structures, converting the large-scale flame into multiple small-scale flames. Although it can enhance the local mixing intensity of air and hydrogen and improve the mixing uniformity, due to the small size, there is obvious thermoacoustic instability in the micro-premixed combustion, which causes structural resonance. Therefore, it is easy to damage the nozzle structure and reduce the service life of the nozzle.

[0050] Therefore, in response to the above-mentioned technical problem 2, combined with the existing gas turbine design reconstruction technology, the following solution can be determined.

[0051] Then, see further Figure 7 , Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of the micro-mixing tubes 10 of other embodiments of the gas nozzle according to the present disclosure. The micro-mixing tubes 10 in the first premixer 4 and the second premixer 5 are arranged around the central axis of the gas nozzle in one layer, and the micro-mixing tubes 10 in adjacent layers have different inclination directions to form a cross arrangement.

[0052] As an example, Figure 3 As shown, the first cylindrical micro-mixing tube 10 on the first ring (first layer) can be tilted clockwise, and the angle between its central axis and the central axis of the nozzle is 30°. The second cylindrical micro-mixing tube 10 on the second ring is tilted counterclockwise. Among them, the angle between the central axis and the central axis of the nozzle is 30°.

[0053] Optionally, the micro-mixing tube can also be set to 3 or more different diameters. Specifically, different diameters can be set according to process technology and actual needs, and no specific limitation is made.

[0054] Optionally, the air inlet end faces of the first premixer 4 and the second premixer 5 are rounded, and the air inlet end of the airflow ring 6 is rounded. The rounded design of the inlet end faces of the micro-mixing tube 10 and the airflow ring 6 channel can avoid turbulent dissipation caused by air velocity disturbance, ensure air intake uniformity, and increase the mixing effect of air and pure hydrogen.

[0055] Optionally, the central axis of the micro-mixing tube 10 can be set to other inclination angles to ensure that the angle with the central axis of the nozzle is an acute angle (e.g., within 5°-85°). On the one hand, the length of the micro-mixing tube 10 can be increased by inclination without increasing the height of the micro-mixing tube 10, and the head size of the combustion chamber can be reduced. On the other hand, the purpose of fully mixing hydrogen and air can be achieved, local high temperature areas can be eliminated, thermoacoustic oscillations can be avoided, and the uniformity of outlet temperature distribution can be improved.

[0056] The above-described embodiments and their related content are an inventive point of the embodiments of the present disclosure, which solve the second technical problem mentioned above, "how to improve the service life of the gas nozzle". The factors that lead to the reduction of the nozzle's service life are often as follows: using a large number of micro nozzles with simple structures to replace traditional large-diameter nozzles, converting a large-scale flame into multiple small-scale flames. Although this can enhance the local mixing intensity of air and hydrogen and improve the mixing uniformity, due to the small size, there is obvious thermoacoustic instability in the micro-mixed premixed combustion, triggering structural resonance. Therefore, it is easy to damage the nozzle structure. If the above factors are solved, the service life of the gas nozzle can be improved. To achieve this effect, first, by setting the opposite inclination directions of the micro-mixing tubes, the propagation direction of sound waves will be changed, weakening the vibration frequency and amplitude of each other's sound waves. Then, due to different pipe diameters, the turbulent flows are different, and there are differences in both the sound wave frequency and amplitude. Setting adjacent cylindrical micro-mixing tubes to different diameters will form inharmonic waves, which will further affect the propagation of sound waves and reduce the thermoacoustic instability of combustion. In addition, the non-uniform array of micro-mixing tubes with different diameters will affect the mixing uniformity of the fuel near the exhaust side of the nozzle, enabling the fuel to burn more fully and evenly. Thus, effectively eliminating the local high-temperature areas and hot spots in the combustion chamber flame tube, and further reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides and improving the uniformity of the temperature distribution at the combustion chamber outlet, reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides. At the same time, the cross-inclined arrangement can form a reverse weak swirl structure, affecting the propagation direction of sound waves and reducing the oscillation frequency and amplitude. This avoids the phenomenon of structural resonance, and thus greatly extends the service life of the gas nozzle.

[0057] Finally, referring to Figure 7 , Figure 7 FIG. Figure 7 is a front view of the gas outlet surface of a gas nozzle according to some other embodiments of the gas nozzle of the present disclosure. A thermal barrier coating 12 is provided on the gas outlet end surface of the outer chamber 9 of the above-mentioned first premixer 4 and the above-mentioned second premixer 5. Air outlet holes 13 corresponding to each micro-mixing tube 10 are provided on the end surface of the thermal barrier coating 12. And air film holes 121 are provided on the end surface of the thermal barrier coating 12 for discharging the air input into the outer chamber 9.

[0058] In practice, by providing air film holes on the exhaust side end surface of the nozzle and using air cooling, it is possible to effectively avoid cracks in the nozzle structure at the exhaust end due to excessive thermal stress on the exhaust side and reduce the risk of fuel leakage.

[0059] Next, please refer to Figure 8 , Figure 8 FIG. Figure 8 shows a flowchart 800 of some embodiments of the gas nozzle detection and warning method according to the present disclosure.

[0060] In the process of adopting the above technical solutions to solve the technical problems in the background art, there is often another technical problem 3: how to detect the blockage of the air holes of the gas nozzle by measuring the temperature of the gas nozzle. For the above technical problem 3, the usual solutions are as follows: measuring the temperature of the gas nozzle in the working state through a single thermocouple element; and if more accurate measurement is desired, measuring the temperatures of different parts of the gas nozzle through a single thermocouple element multiple times; or measuring by setting multiple thermocouple elements. In addition, temperature measurement can also be carried out by setting temperature-measuring paint, and whether there is blockage is judged by the measured temperature. However, the above methods still have the following technical problems: First, the measurement range of the thermocouple element is relatively limited, and each single measurement takes a long time. Even if multiple thermocouple elements are set for simultaneous measurement, it is difficult to measure the overall temperature distribution of the spraying surface of the gas nozzle. Second, since the gas holes of the gas nozzle are set to be small and dense, although the measurement of the temperature-measuring paint can measure the temperature distribution, the measurement result is prone to form an overall temperature distribution, making it impossible to distinguish the granularity of the temperature distribution and difficult to distinguish the local temperature. Even if some of the gas holes are blocked, they are masked by the nearby flame temperature. Therefore, it is difficult to judge whether there is blockage of the gas holes based on the measurement result.

[0061] Therefore, for the above technical problem 3, combined with the owned measuring equipment and measurement-related technologies, the following solution can be determined.

[0062] The gas nozzle detection and warning method for a pure hydrogen gas turbine gas nozzle includes the following steps:

[0063] Step 801, controlling the thermocouple element to measure the temperature of the spraying surface of the gas nozzle in the working state at multiple preset angles respectively to generate a temperature measurement information sequence.

[0064] In some embodiments, the execution subject of the gas nozzle detection and warning method can control the thermocouple element to measure the temperature of the spraying surface (such as Figure 8 the outer flame of the spraying surface shown) of the gas nozzle in the working state at multiple preset angles respectively to generate a temperature measurement information sequence. Among them, each temperature measurement information in the above temperature measurement information sequence may include: the measurement angle corresponding to the spraying surface during the measurement by the above thermocouple element and the measured temperature value. Corresponding gas hole coordinate areas and gas hole identifiers are set for each gas hole of the spraying surface of the above gas nozzle.

[0065] As an example, the multiple preset angles can be "0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees, 270 degrees", or "30 degrees, 90 degrees, 150 degrees, 230 degrees, 270 degrees, 330 degrees", etc. Here, the preset angle is the angle corresponding to the injection surface. It is the angle between a fixed ray passing through the center of the injection surface and another variable ray passing through the center of the circle. The position where the other ray is located is the measurement position of the probe on the thermocouple element. Each measured temperature value can represent the average temperature value of the gas nozzle at the corresponding position on the thermocouple element. In addition, each gas injection hole is preset with a gas injection hole identifier.

[0066] Step 802, when the measurement of the thermocouple element ends, control the preset infrared temperature sensor to measure the flame temperature distribution information of the injection surface.

[0067] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned execution subject can, when the measurement of the thermocouple element ends, control the preset infrared temperature sensor to measure the flame temperature distribution information of the above-mentioned injection surface. Among them, when the measurement of the thermocouple element ends, the thermocouple element can be removed, and then the preset infrared temperature sensor can be controlled to measure the flame temperature distribution information of the above-mentioned injection surface. Here, the flame temperature distribution information can represent the flame temperature distribution of the injection surface.

[0068] Step 803, perform position calibration on the flame temperature distribution information and the temperature measurement information sequence to generate calibrated flame temperature distribution information and a converted measured temperature value sequence.

[0069] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned execution subject can perform position calibration on the above-mentioned flame temperature distribution information and the above-mentioned temperature measurement information sequence to generate calibrated flame temperature distribution information and a converted measured temperature value sequence.

[0070] In some optional implementation manners of some embodiments, the above-mentioned execution subject performing position calibration on the above-mentioned flame temperature distribution information and the above-mentioned temperature measurement information sequence to generate calibrated flame temperature distribution information and a converted measured temperature value sequence may include the following steps:

[0071] First step, convert the above flame temperature distribution information to the target coordinate system to obtain the calibrated temperature distribution information. Among them, the above target coordinate system is established with the center of the injection surface of the gas nozzle as the origin, and the coordinate regions of each gas injection hole are the coordinate regions within the target coordinate system. The horizontal axis of the above target coordinate system can be a ray fixed by the thermocouple element during the measurement process, and the vertical axis can be a ray passing through the center of the circle perpendicular to the ray, and the coordinate system is established in this way. Here, the coordinates in the flame temperature distribution information can be transformed into the target coordinate system through the relative transformation matrix between the pre-measured infrared temperature sensor coordinate system and the target coordinate system. In addition, a range with the same size as the injection surface area can be defined in the target coordinate system (for example, a circular formula with the same size as the injection surface).

[0072] Second step, determine the coordinates corresponding to the measurement angles included in each temperature measurement information in the above temperature measurement information sequence in the above target coordinate system to obtain a measurement coordinate group. Among them, the intersection coordinates of the ray of each measurement angle and the edge of the injection surface in the target coordinate system can be determined as the measurement coordinates.

[0073] Third step, add the measured temperature values included in each temperature measurement information in the above temperature measurement information sequence to the positions of the corresponding measurement coordinates in the above measurement coordinate group to obtain a sequence of transformed measured temperature values.

[0074] Step 804, use the sequence of transformed measured temperature values to perform data calibration on the calibrated flame temperature distribution information to generate gas nozzle temperature distribution information.

[0075] In some embodiments, the above execution entity can use the above sequence of transformed measured temperature values to perform data calibration on the above calibrated flame temperature distribution information to generate gas nozzle temperature distribution information.

[0076] In some optional implementation manners of some embodiments, the above execution entity uses the sequence of transformed measured temperature values to perform data calibration on the calibrated flame temperature distribution information to generate gas nozzle temperature distribution information, which may include the following steps:

[0077] First step, according to the measurement coordinate group and the measurement angles included in each temperature measurement information in the above temperature measurement information sequence, divide the nozzle region in the above target coordinate system to obtain a group of divided regions. Among them, the circumferential region corresponding to the injection surface in the target coordinate system can be evenly divided with each measurement angle as the center to obtain a plurality of fan-shaped regions as the group of divided regions.

[0078] In the second step, determine the average temperature within each of the divided regions in the above-mentioned calibrated flame temperature distribution information within the above-mentioned divided region group, to obtain a group of average temperatures. Among them, the average value of the temperature values of each coordinate within each divided region in the divided region group can be determined as the average temperature.

[0079] In the third step, based on the above-mentioned group of average temperatures and the above-mentioned sequence of converted measured temperature values, perform data adjustment on the above-mentioned calibrated flame temperature distribution information to generate gas nozzle temperature distribution information. Among them, for each average temperature and the converted measured temperature value corresponding to the same region, the difference between the average temperature value and the converted measured temperature value can be determined as the measured temperature difference. Then, the temperature values of each coordinate within the region corresponding to the above-mentioned average temperature in the above-mentioned calibrated flame temperature distribution information can be subtracted by the above-mentioned measured temperature difference to obtain the adjusted temperature values. Thus, the data adjustment of the temperature values of each coordinate within the circumferential region corresponding to the injection surface in the target coordinate system is completed, and the gas nozzle temperature distribution information is obtained.

[0080] Step 805, according to the gas jet coordinates of each gas jet hole on the injection surface, perform temperature division on the gas nozzle temperature distribution information to generate a set of gas jet hole temperature values corresponding to each gas jet hole identifier.

[0081] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned execution entity can perform temperature division on the above-mentioned gas nozzle temperature distribution information according to the gas jet coordinates of each gas jet hole on the above-mentioned injection surface, to generate a set of gas jet hole temperature values corresponding to each gas jet hole identifier.

[0082] In some optional implementation manners in some embodiments, the above-mentioned execution entity performing temperature division on the above-mentioned gas nozzle temperature distribution information according to the gas jet coordinates of each gas jet hole on the above-mentioned injection surface to generate a set of gas jet hole temperature values corresponding to each gas jet hole identifier may include the following steps:

[0083] In the first step, according to the gas jet hole coordinate regions corresponding to each gas jet hole, determine the temperature distribution values of each coordinate position within each gas jet hole coordinate region in the above-mentioned gas nozzle temperature distribution information, to obtain a set of sets of temperature distribution values. Among them, for each gas jet hole coordinate region, the temperature distribution values corresponding to each coordinate within the region can be determined.

[0084] In the second step, determine the mean value of each temperature distribution value in each set of temperature distribution values in the above-mentioned set of sets of temperature distribution values as the gas jet hole temperature value, to obtain a set of gas jet hole temperature values.

[0085] Step 806: In response to determining that there is a jet hole temperature value in the set of jet hole temperature values that exceeds the preset temperature range, use the jet coordinates corresponding to the jet hole temperature value that exceeds the preset temperature range as warning information, and control the warning device to issue a warning operation for jet hole blockage.

[0086] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned execution entity may, in response to determining that there is a jet hole temperature value in the set of jet hole temperature values that exceeds the preset temperature range, use the jet coordinates corresponding to the jet hole temperature value that exceeds the preset temperature range as warning information, and control the warning device to issue a warning operation for jet hole blockage. Among them, the warning device may include a voice device or a display device. The warning operation may be a voice prompt or a display of warning information to remind the operator of the occurrence of jet hole blockage.

[0087] The above steps 801-806 and their related content are an inventive point of an embodiment of the present disclosure, which solves the above-mentioned technical problem three "how to detect the blockage of the gas holes of the gas nozzle by measuring the temperature of the gas nozzle". The factors that make it difficult to perform better gas hole blockage detection are often as follows: measuring the temperature of the gas nozzle in the working state through a single thermocouple element; if you want to measure more precisely, measuring the temperatures of different parts of the gas nozzle through a single thermocouple element multiple times; or measuring by setting multiple thermocouple elements. In addition, temperature measurement can also be performed by setting temperature-measuring paint, and it is judged whether there is a blockage by the measured temperature. However, the above methods still have the following technical problems: First, the measurement range of the thermocouple element is relatively limited, and each single measurement takes a long time. Even if multiple thermocouple elements are set to measure simultaneously, it is difficult to measure the overall temperature distribution of the spraying surface of the gas nozzle. Second, since the gas holes of the gas nozzle are set to be small and relatively dense, although the measurement of the temperature-measuring paint can measure the temperature distribution, the measurement result is likely to form an overall temperature distribution, making it impossible to distinguish the granularity of the temperature distribution and difficult to distinguish the local temperature. Even if some gas holes are blocked, they are masked by the nearby flame temperature. Thus, it is difficult to judge whether there is a blockage in the gas holes based on the measurement result. If the above factors are solved, accurate gas hole blockage detection can be achieved. To achieve this effect, first, considering the situation that a single thermocouple element can measure the gas nozzle precisely but has a limited measurement range. Therefore, by controlling the thermocouple element to measure the temperature of the spraying surface of the gas nozzle in the working state at multiple preset angles, a temperature measurement information sequence is obtained. To accurately identify the specific blocked gas holes, gas hole identifiers are made for the gas holes in advance. At the same time, when the measurement by the above thermocouple element ends, by controlling a preset infrared temperature sensor, the flame temperature distribution information of the above spraying surface is measured, and thus the overall temperature distribution of the spraying surface of the gas nozzle can be obtained. Then, in order to fuse the two pieces of information, through position calibration, the two pieces of information can be converted into the same coordinate system to generate calibrated flame temperature distribution information and a converted measurement temperature value sequence. In practice, although the measurement range of the thermocouple element is limited, its measurement accuracy is high. While the infrared temperature sensor can measure the temperature distribution, there is a large measurement error. Therefore, in the above implementation manner of the present application, the data measured by the thermocouple element is used as the standard reference temperature to calibrate the measurement result of the infrared temperature sensor, so as to improve the accuracy of the temperature distribution information of the gas nozzle. Thus, high-precision temperature distribution information of the entire spraying surface of the gas nozzle is measured. Then, through temperature division, it can be used to determine the temperature values corresponding to each coordinate within the coordinate area of each gas hole in the target coordinate system. Thus, it can be used to distinguish the temperature conditions of each gas hole. Finally, it is determined whether the gas hole is blocked by judging whether the temperature value of each gas hole area exceeds the preset temperature range.Thus, the detection of the air hole blockage of the gas nozzle is completed by measuring the temperature of the gas nozzle. Furthermore, an early warning can be issued in a timely manner according to the detection results for the maintenance of the gas nozzle. This can prevent the gas nozzle from being damaged due to long-term blockage and extend the service life of the gas nozzle.

[0088] The above description is only some preferred embodiments of the present disclosure and an explanation of the applied technical principles. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in the embodiments of the present disclosure is not limited to the technical solutions formed by the specific combination of the above technical features. It should also cover other technical solutions formed by any combination of the above technical features or their equivalent features without departing from the above inventive concept. For example, the technical solutions formed by mutually replacing the above features with the technical features (but not limited to) disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure that have similar functions.

Claims

1. A gas nozzle for a pure hydrogen gas turbine, characterized in that: The gas nozzle comprises: a nozzle housing, a first hydrogen fuel pipe, a second hydrogen fuel pipe assembly, a first premixer, a second premixer, an air flow ring, and a second hydrogen fuel pipe ventilation pipe, wherein: The first hydrogen fuel pipe is coaxially fixed to the center axis of the nozzle housing, wherein the nozzle housing is a cylindrical hollow double-layer housing, the first hydrogen fuel pipe is a double-layer pipe, the interlayer space of the double-layer pipe is the first hydrogen fuel channel, and a circle of vent holes is arranged at the bottom end of the outer layer of the first hydrogen fuel pipe, and the hydrogen in the first hydrogen fuel channel flows into the fuel chamber of the first premixer through the vent holes; The air inlet end of the first hydrogen fuel pipe is provided with an air inlet hole, and in a working state, hydrogen is transported to the interlayer space of the first hydrogen fuel pipe through the air inlet hole; The airflow annular member is coaxially fixed in the nozzle housing around the first hydrogen fuel pipe, and is used to isolate the fuel chamber of the second premixer from that of the first premixer; the first premixer and the second premixer are separated into an outer chamber and an inner chamber by a partition; The first premixer is fixed in the chamber between the first hydrogen fuel pipe and the airflow annular member; The second premixer is fixed in a chamber between the airflow annular member and the outer shell of the nozzle housing, wherein the first premixer and the second premixer are both composed of multiple layers of micro-mixing tubes arranged layer by layer around the central axis of the nozzle housing, and each layer is composed of multiple micro-mixing tubes of different diameters, so as to pass the gas from the air inlet end to the air outlet end in a working state; The arrangement structure of the micro-mixing tubes includes: the micro-mixing tubes in the first premixer and the second premixer are arranged around the central axis of the gas nozzle for one circle as a layer, and the micro-mixing tubes in adjacent layers have different inclination directions to perform a cross arrangement; the angle between the central axis of the micro-mixing tube and the central axis of the nozzle is set to be an acute angle; The second hydrogen fuel pipe assembly is fixedly connected to the top edge of the nozzle housing, and the second hydrogen fuel pipe ventilation pipe is fixedly connected to the second hydrogen fuel pipe assembly, wherein each second hydrogen fuel pipe in the second hydrogen fuel pipe assembly transports hydrogen to the hollow chamber of the nozzle housing through the fixedly connected second hydrogen fuel pipe ventilation pipe, and the second hydrogen fuel pipe assembly is interconnected with the hollow chamber of the nozzle housing, and is used to flow hydrogen into the hollow chamber in the working state, and then flow from the hollow chamber to the fuel chamber of the second premixer.

2. The gas nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each micro-mixing tube in the first premixer and the second premixer is provided with a vent hole at the position of the inner chamber, so as to allow the gas introduced into the inner chamber of the first premixer and the second premixer to flow into the micro-mixing tube in the working state, and the inner chamber of the first premixer and the second premixer is isolated by the air flow annular member; In the working state, air is introduced into the air inlet ends of the first premixer and the second premixer to mix with the hydrogen in each micro-mixing tube and the chamber, and then the gas flows out through the air outlet ends.

3. The gas nozzle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The airflow annular member is provided with a vent hole at the position of the outer chamber, wherein: The outer chambers of the first premixer and the second premixer are connected to each other through the vent holes on the airflow ring, and are used to flow the cooling gas flowing into the internal space of the airflow ring into the outer chambers of the first premixer and the second premixer in the working state, so as to cool the micro-mixing tubes and the gas nozzles at the outer chamber positions.

4. The gas nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air inlet end faces of the first premixer and the second premixer are configured as rounded corners, and the air inlet end of the air flow annular member is configured as rounded corners.

5. The gas nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air outlet end faces of the outer chambers of the first premixer and the second premixer are provided with thermal barrier coatings, and the end faces where the thermal barrier coatings are located are provided with air outlet holes corresponding to each micro-mixing tube, and the end faces where the thermal barrier coatings are located are provided with cold air exhaust holes for exhausting the cooling air input into the outer chamber.

6. A gas nozzle detection and early warning method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising: Controlling the thermocouple element to measure the temperature of the injection surface of the gas nozzle in the working state at a plurality of preset angles respectively, so as to generate a temperature measurement information sequence, wherein each temperature measurement information in the temperature measurement information sequence includes: a measurement angle and a measurement temperature value corresponding to the injection surface when the thermocouple element is measuring, and each injection hole on the injection surface of the gas nozzle is provided with a corresponding injection hole coordinate area and an injection hole identifier; When the thermocouple element measurement is finished, controlling a preset infrared temperature sensor to measure the flame temperature distribution information of the injection surface; Performing position calibration on the flame temperature distribution information and the temperature measurement information sequence to generate calibrated flame temperature distribution information and a converted measured temperature value sequence; Using the converted measured temperature value sequence, data calibration is performed on the calibrated flame temperature distribution information to generate gas nozzle temperature distribution information; According to the jet coordinates of each jet hole on the jet surface, the temperature distribution information of the gas nozzle is divided into temperature values ​​to generate a jet hole temperature value set corresponding to each jet hole identifier; In response to determining that there is a jet hole temperature value exceeding a preset temperature range in the jet hole temperature value set, the jet coordinates corresponding to the jet hole temperature value exceeding the preset temperature range are used as warning information, and the warning device is controlled to issue a warning operation of jet hole blockage.

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