Power plant drainage waste heat recycling system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of waste heat recovery, and discloses a power plant drainage waste heat recycling system which comprises an absorption heat pump loop, the absorption heat pump loop comprises an evaporator and an absorber, and the absorption heat pump loop is connected with a low-parameter steam extraction loop and a high-parameter steam extraction loop through the evaporator; the absorption heat pump loop is connected with a heat supply network circulating water loop through the absorber; in multi-unit heat supply, the heat grade of high-parameter steam extraction is used for driving an absorption heat pump loop, effective utilization of high-grade heat is achieved, the effective energy loss of large-temperature-difference heat transfer is reduced, drained water formed after low-parameter steam and high-parameter steam are cooled in a basic heat supply network heater, a peak heat supply network heater and a generator enters an evaporator, and the heat transfer efficiency is improved. The low-pressure solvent evaporation process is utilized to achieve further deep recycling of drainage waste heat, in addition, the temperature of heat supply network water is increased through graded heating, the temperature difference uniformity in the whole heat transfer process is improved, and irreversible loss in the heat transfer process is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of waste heat recovery, and in particular to a system for recovering and utilizing waste heat from drainage in a power plant. Background Art

[0002] In order to further reduce the consumption of fossil energy such as coal and help achieve the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, a new round of changes has begun in the energy field. In the field of heating, centralized heating and long-distance heating are conducive to improving the utilization rate of large-scale cogeneration units and reducing fossil energy consumption and carbon emissions caused by decentralized boiler heating, and have broad application prospects. In recent years, Shanxi, Shandong, Hebei, Inner Mongolia and other places have carried out long-distance heating and centralized heating projects, and some projects have been put into operation, realizing the comprehensive utilization of large-scale cogeneration units under the centralized heating mode.

[0003] The heat source for centralized heating is generally a thermal power plant with relatively large installed capacity in a certain area. The plant usually has multiple cogeneration units with different installed capacities and different heating extraction steam. Therefore, the heating extraction steam in the plant is generally divided into low-parameter heating steam and high-parameter heating steam. Among them, the pressure and temperature of low-parameter heating steam are generally around 0.1MPa and 120℃, and the pressure and temperature of high-parameter heating steam can reach 0.7MPa and 250℃. Due to the difference in parameters, low-parameter heating steam is usually used for basic heaters, and high-parameter heating steam is used for peak heaters. The return water of the heat network passes through the basic heater and the peak heater successively and is heated step by step. The two steams are cooled to a drain temperature of about 70℃ in the heater.

[0004] The above prior art has the following problems:

[0005] 1. High-parameter steam is directly used for heating. Due to the large temperature difference in heat transfer, the energy grade loss is large, which reduces the energy utilization efficiency and heating economy;

[0006] 2. In long-distance heating, since the return water temperature of the long-distance pipeline network is around 70°C, the drain outlet temperature of the heating network heater is around 70°C. The drain still has a certain amount of heat, which has not been effectively utilized. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the above problems existing in the prior art, the present invention is proposed.

[0008] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a system for recovering waste heat from drain in a power plant.

[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a system for recovering waste heat from drain in a power plant, comprising:

[0010] An absorption heat pump circuit comprising an evaporator and an absorber;

[0011] The absorption heat pump circuit is connected to a low-parameter steam extraction circuit and a high-parameter steam extraction circuit through the evaporator, and the absorption heat pump circuit is connected to a heat network circulating water circuit through the absorber.

[0012] As a preferred solution of the power plant drain waste heat recovery and utilization system described in the present invention, the high-parameter steam extraction circuit includes a high-parameter steam extraction first circuit and a high-parameter steam extraction second circuit.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the power plant drain waste heat recovery and utilization system of the present invention, the absorption heat pump loop includes an absorption heat pump solution loop and an absorption heat pump solvent loop.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the power plant drain waste heat recovery and utilization system described in the present invention, the heat network circulating water loop includes a basic heat network heater, the absorber connected to the outside of the basic heat network heater, and a condenser connected to the outside of the absorber, and a peak heat network heater connected to the outside of the condenser.

[0015] As a preferred solution of the power plant drain waste heat recovery system described in the present invention, the low-parameter steam extraction circuit includes a low-parameter steam extraction unit, the basic heat network heater connected to the outside of the low-parameter steam extraction unit, and the evaporator connected to the outside of the basic heat network heater, and a drain collector connected to the outside of the evaporator.

[0016] As a preferred solution of the power plant drain waste heat recovery system described in the present invention, the high-parameter steam extraction first circuit includes a high-parameter steam extraction unit, a generator connected to the outside of the high-parameter steam extraction unit, an evaporator connected to the outside of the generator, and the drain collector connected to the outside of the evaporator.

[0017] As a preferred solution of the power plant drain waste heat recovery system described in the present invention, the high-parameter steam extraction second circuit includes the high-parameter steam extraction unit, the peak heat network heater connected to the outside of the high-parameter steam extraction unit, and the evaporator connected to the outside of the peak heat network heater, and the drain collector connected to the outside of the evaporator.

[0018] As a preferred solution of the power plant drain waste heat recovery and utilization system described in the present invention, the absorption heat pump solution circuit includes the generator, the solution heat exchanger connected to the outside of the generator, and the solution expansion valve connected to the outside of the solution heat exchanger, the absorber connected to the outside of the solution expansion valve, and the solution pump connected to the outside of the absorber.

[0019] As a preferred solution of the power plant drain waste heat recovery and utilization system described in the present invention, the absorption heat pump solvent circuit includes the generator, the condenser connected to the outside of the generator, and the solvent throttle valve connected to the outside of the condenser, the evaporator connected to the outside of the solvent throttle valve, and the absorber connected to the outside of the evaporator.

[0020] As a preferred solution of the power plant drain waste heat recovery and utilization system of the present invention, the absorber is connected to the solution heat exchanger through two channels, one channel is provided with the solution expansion valve, and the other channel is provided with the solution pump, and the solutions in the two channels flow in opposite directions;

[0021] The generator is connected to the solution heat exchanger via two channels, and the solutions in the two channels flow in opposite directions.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: in the heating of multiple units, the heat quality of high-parameter extraction steam is utilized to drive the absorption heat pump circuit, so as to realize the effective utilization of high-quality heat and reduce the effective energy loss of large temperature difference heat transfer. Moreover, the low-parameter steam and high-parameter steam are cooled in the basic heating network heater, the peak heating network heater and the generator to become hydrophobicity which enters the evaporator, and the low-pressure solvent evaporation process is utilized to realize the further deep recovery and utilization of the hydrophobic waste heat. In addition, the temperature of the heating network water is increased by graded heating, the temperature difference uniformity in the whole process of heat transfer is improved, and the irreversible loss in the heat transfer process is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. Among them:

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0026] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0027] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0028] Secondly, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the schematic diagram. When describing the embodiments of the present invention in detail, for the sake of convenience, the cross-sectional diagrams showing the device structure will not be partially enlarged according to the general scale, and the schematic diagrams are only examples, which should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, in actual production, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth should be included.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] Reference Figure 1 , which is the first embodiment of the present invention, provides a system for recovering waste heat from drain in a power plant, comprising:

[0031] An absorption heat pump circuit D, which includes an evaporator 108 and an absorber 109;

[0032] The absorption heat pump loop D is connected to the low-parameter steam extraction loop B and the high-parameter steam extraction loop C through the evaporator 108 , and the absorption heat pump loop D is connected to the heat network circulating water loop A through the absorber 109 .

[0033] Specifically, the high-parameter steam extraction circuit C includes a high-parameter steam extraction first circuit C-1 and a high-parameter steam extraction second circuit C-2.

[0034] Furthermore, the absorption heat pump loop D includes an absorption heat pump solution loop D-1 and an absorption heat pump solvent loop D-2.

[0035] Furthermore, the heat network circulating water loop A includes a basic heat network heater 103 , an absorber 109 connected to the outside of the basic heat network heater 103 , a condenser 107 connected to the outside of the absorber 109 , and a peak heat network heater 104 connected to the outside of the condenser 107 .

[0036] In the heating network circulating water loop A, the heating network water passes through the basic heating network heater 103, the absorber 109, the condenser 107, and the peak heating network heater 104 in sequence.

[0037] The hot network water flows out from the peak hot network heater 104 and is used for hot network water supply. The purpose of this system is to recycle the waste heat of the power plant drainage, that is, to use the waste heat of the power plant drainage to increase the temperature of the hot network water, so as to increase the temperature of the hot network water used for hot network water supply.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] Reference Figure 1 , which is the second embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the working process of the low-parameter steam extraction circuit B and the high-parameter steam extraction circuit C is provided.

[0040] Furthermore, the low-parameter steam extraction circuit B includes a low-parameter steam extraction unit 101, a basic heat network heater 103 connected to the outside of the low-parameter steam extraction unit 101, an evaporator 108 connected to the outside of the basic heat network heater 103, and a drain collector 105 connected to the outside of the evaporator 108.

[0041] Furthermore, the high-parameter steam extraction first circuit C-1 includes a high-parameter steam extraction unit 102, a generator 106 connected to the outside of the high-parameter steam extraction unit 102, an evaporator 108 connected to the outside of the generator 106, and a drain collector 105 connected to the outside of the evaporator 108.

[0042] Specifically, the high-parameter steam extraction second circuit C-2 includes a high-parameter steam extraction unit 102, a peak heat network heater 104 connected to the outside of the high-parameter steam extraction unit 102, an evaporator 108 connected to the outside of the peak heat network heater 104, and a drain collector 105 connected to the outside of the evaporator 108.

[0043] In the prior art, conventional measures for utilizing waste heat from power plant drainage are:

[0044] In the low-parameter steam extraction circuit, the components include a low-parameter steam extraction unit 101 , a basic heating network heater 103 , and a drain collector 105 .

[0045] That is, the low-parameter extraction steam from the low-parameter extraction unit 101 first enters the basic heat network heater 103, and the basic heat network heater 103 performs heat exchange with the heat network water in the heat network circulating water loop A, so that the relatively high-temperature low-parameter extraction steam is cooled by the heat network water to be drain water at about 70°C, and the temperature of the heat network water is increased, and then the drain water directly enters the drain collector 105, ending the process of recovering the waste heat of the drain water. In this process, the temperature of the drain water entering the drain collector 105 is about 70°C, and some heat is still not recovered.

[0046] In the high-parameter steam extraction circuit, the components include a high-parameter steam extraction unit 102 , a peak heating network heater 104 , and a drain collector 105 .

[0047] That is, the high-parameter extraction steam from the high-parameter extraction unit 102 first enters the peak heat network heater 104, where the peak heat network heater 104 performs heat exchange with the heat network water in the heat network circulating water loop A, so that the high-temperature low-parameter extraction steam is cooled by the heat network water into low-temperature drain water, and the temperature of the heat network water is increased, and then the drain water directly enters the drain collector 105, ending the drain waste heat recovery process. In this process, part of the heat of the drain water entering the drain collector 105 cannot be recovered.

[0048] This system improves the low-parameter steam extraction circuit B and the high-parameter steam extraction circuit C:

[0049] In the low-parameter steam extraction loop B, its components include a low-parameter steam extraction unit 101, a basic heating network heater 103, an evaporator 108, and a drain collector 105.

[0050] That is, the low-parameter extraction steam from the low-parameter extraction unit 101 first enters the basic hot network heater 103, and performs heat exchange with the hot network water in the hot network circulating water loop A, so that the low-parameter extraction steam with a relatively high temperature is cooled by the hot network water to be drain water at a temperature of about 70°C, and the temperature of the hot network water is increased, and then the drain water enters the evaporator 108 in the absorption heat pump loop D, and the drain water exchanges heat with the solvent inside the evaporator 108 in the evaporator 108, so that the drain water is further cooled to about 40°C, and then enters the drain water collector 105.

[0051] In the high-parameter steam extraction second circuit C-2, its components include a high-parameter steam extraction unit 102, a peak heat network heater 104, an evaporator 108, and a drain collector 105.

[0052] That is, the high-parameter extraction steam from the high-parameter extraction steam unit 102 is divided into two parts. One part enters the peak hot network heater 104, and the peak hot network heater 104 exchanges heat with the hot network water in the hot network circulating water loop A, so that the low-parameter extraction steam with a higher temperature is cooled by the hot network water to become low-temperature drain water, and the temperature of the hot network water is increased. Then the drain water enters the evaporator 108 in the absorption heat pump loop D together with the drain water from the basic hot network heater 103. The drain water exchanges heat with the solvent inside the evaporator 108 in the evaporator 108, so that the drain water is further cooled to about 40°C, and then enters the drain water collector 105.

[0053] In the high-parameter steam extraction first circuit C- 1 , the components include a high-parameter steam extraction unit 102 , a generator 106 , an evaporator 108 , and a drain collector 105 .

[0054] That is, two parts of high-parameter extraction steam come out of the high-parameter extraction steam unit 102, and the other part enters the generator 106 in the absorption heat pump loop D. The high-parameter extraction steam exchanges heat with the solution inside the generator 106 in the generator 106, so that the high-parameter extraction steam is cooled into hydrophobic water with a lower temperature. Then the hydrophobic water enters the evaporator 108 in the absorption heat pump loop D together with the hydrophobic water from the basic heat network heater 103 and the peak heat network heater 104. The hydrophobic water exchanges heat with the solvent inside the evaporator 108 in the evaporator 108, so that the hydrophobic water is further cooled to about 40°C, and then enters the hydrophobic water collector 105.

[0055] In summary, in the above system, our invention introduces absorption heat pump circuit D into low-parameter steam extraction circuit B and high-parameter steam extraction circuit C, so that the originally high-temperature steam trap can be further cooled, thereby improving the utilization rate of waste heat of the steam trap.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] Reference Figure 1 , which is the third embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is different from the second embodiment in that: a working process of an absorption heat pump loop D is provided.

[0058] Furthermore, the absorption heat pump solution loop D-1 includes a generator 106, a solution heat exchanger 110 connected to the outside of the generator 106, a solution expansion valve 111 connected to the outside of the solution heat exchanger 110, an absorber 109 connected to the outside of the solution expansion valve 111, and a solution pump 112 connected to the outside of the absorber 109.

[0059] Furthermore, the absorption heat pump solvent loop D-2 includes a generator 106, a condenser 107 connected to the outside of the generator 106, a solvent throttle valve 113 connected to the outside of the condenser 107, an evaporator 108 connected to the outside of the solvent throttle valve 113, and an absorber 109 connected to the outside of the evaporator 108.

[0060] Specifically, the absorber 109 is connected to the solution heat exchanger 110 through two channels, one channel is provided with a solution expansion valve 111, and the other channel is provided with a solution pump 112, and the solutions in the two channels flow in opposite directions;

[0061] The generator 106 is connected to the solution heat exchanger 110 via two channels, and the solutions flow in the two channels in opposite directions.

[0062] The residual heat of the basic heating network heater 103, the peak heating network heater 104, and the outlet of the generator 106 is deeply recovered and utilized through the absorption heat pump loop D, and the utilization principle is as follows:

[0063] The driving heat source of the generator 106 is the high-parameter extraction steam with a higher temperature from the high-parameter extraction steam unit 102. The solution in the generator 106 absorbs the heat of the high-parameter extraction steam, and the solvent in the solution absorbs heat and evaporates. The concentration of the original solution in the generator 106 increases, and the evaporated gaseous solvent enters the condenser 107.

[0064] The gaseous solvent exchanges heat with the hot network water in the hot network circulating water loop A in the condenser 107, and the gaseous solvent is condensed into liquid. After being depressurized by the solvent throttle valve 113, it enters the evaporator 108. In the evaporator 108, the solvent absorbs the hydrophobic heat from the basic hot network heater 103, the peak hot network heater 104, and the generator 106 and is evaporated again. The evaporated solvent enters the absorber 109 from the evaporator 108.

[0065] After the concentrated solution in the generator 106 absorbs the heat of the high-parameter extraction steam and its temperature rises, it first enters the solution heat exchanger 110 to exchange heat with the dilute solution from the absorber 109.

[0066] After the heat exchange, the concentrated solution passes through the solution expansion valve 111 for throttling and pressure reduction, and then enters the absorber 109 to absorb the solvent from the evaporator 108, releases heat, and becomes a dilute solution. Then, it is pressurized by the solution pump 112 and enters the solution heat exchanger 110. In the above process, the concentrated solution exchanges heat with the dilute solution from the absorber 109 in the solution heat exchanger 110 to provide a dilute solution.

[0067] The dilute solution exchanges heat with the concentrated solution in the solution heat exchanger 110 to recover the heat of the concentrated solution, and then enters the generator 106 to complete the circulation of the solution.

[0068] After the above process, the temperature of the basic heating network heater 103, the peak heating network heater 104, and the hydrophobic temperature at the outlet of the generator 106 can be reduced to about 40°C, thereby achieving deep utilization of heat.

[0069] The return water from the heating network first enters the basic heating network heater 103 to absorb the heat released by the low-parameter steam extraction, then enters the absorber 109 to absorb the heat released when the concentrated solution absorbs the solvent, then enters the condenser 107 to absorb the heat released by the condensation of the gaseous solvent, and finally enters the peak heating network heater 104 to absorb the heat released by the high-parameter steam extraction. The outlet temperature of the heating network water supply in the peak heating network heater 104 meets the requirements for hot water supply, thereby realizing the heating function of this system.

[0070] In summary, in the heating of multiple units, the heat quality of high-parameter extraction steam is used to drive the absorption heat pump loop D, so as to realize the effective utilization of high-quality heat and reduce the effective energy loss of large temperature difference heat transfer. The low-parameter steam and high-parameter steam are cooled in the basic heating network heater 103, the peak heating network heater 104 and the generator 106 to become hydrophobicity, which enters the evaporator 108. The low-pressure solvent evaporation process is used to realize further deep recovery and utilization of the hydrophobic waste heat. In addition, the temperature of the hot network water is increased by graded heating, which improves the uniformity of the temperature difference in the whole process of heat transfer and reduces the irreversible loss of the heat transfer process.

[0071] Importantly, it should be noted that the construction and arrangement of the present application shown in a plurality of different exemplary embodiments are only exemplary. Although only a few embodiments are described in detail in this disclosure, it should be readily understood by those who refer to this disclosure that many modifications are possible (e.g., the size, scale, structure, shape and proportion of various elements, and parameter values ​​(e.g., temperature, pressure, etc.), installation arrangement, use of materials, color, directional changes, etc.) without substantially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described in the application. For example, the element shown as integrally formed can be composed of multiple parts or elements, the position of the element can be inverted or otherwise changed, and the nature or number or position of the discrete element can be changed or changed. Therefore, all such modifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. The order or sequence of any process or method steps can be changed or reordered according to alternative embodiments. In the claims, any "device plus function" clause is intended to cover the structure of performing the function described herein, and is not only structurally equivalent but also equivalent structure. Without departing from the scope of the present invention, other replacements, modifications, changes and omissions can be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments. Therefore, the invention is not limited to a specific embodiment, but extends to numerous modifications still falling within the scope of the appended claims.

[0072] Additionally, in order to provide a concise description of exemplary embodiments, all features of an actual embodiment (ie, those features that are not relevant to the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the invention or those that are not relevant to implementing the invention) may not be described.

[0073] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power plant drain waste heat recovery system, characterized by: include, an absorption heat pump circuit (D) comprising an evaporator (108) and an absorber (109); The absorption heat pump circuit (D) is connected to a low-parameter steam extraction circuit (B) and a high-parameter steam extraction circuit (C) through the evaporator (108), and the absorption heat pump circuit (D) is connected to a heat network circulating water circuit (A) through the absorber (109).

2. The power plant drain waste heat recovery system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The high-parameter steam extraction circuit (C) comprises a high-parameter steam extraction first circuit (C-1) and a high-parameter steam extraction second circuit (C-2).

3. The power plant drain waste heat recovery system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The absorption heat pump circuit (D) comprises an absorption heat pump solution circuit (D-1) and an absorption heat pump solvent circuit (D-2).

4. The power plant drain waste heat recovery and utilization system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The heating network circulating water loop (A) comprises a basic heating network heater (103), the absorber (109) connected to the outside of the basic heating network heater (103), a condenser (107) connected to the outside of the absorber (109), and a peak heating network heater (104) connected to the outside of the condenser (107).

5. The power plant drain waste heat recovery and utilization system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The low-parameter steam extraction circuit (B) includes a low-parameter steam extraction unit (101), the basic heat network heater (103) connected to the outside of the low-parameter steam extraction unit (101), the evaporator (108) connected to the outside of the basic heat network heater (103), and a drain collector (105) connected to the outside of the evaporator (108).

6. The power plant drain waste heat recovery and utilization system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The high-parameter steam extraction first circuit (C-1) includes a high-parameter steam extraction unit (102), a generator (106) connected to the outside of the high-parameter steam extraction unit (102), an evaporator (108) connected to the outside of the generator (106), and the drain collector (105) connected to the outside of the evaporator (108).

7. The power plant drain waste heat recovery and utilization system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The high-parameter steam extraction second circuit (C-2) includes the high-parameter steam extraction unit (102), the peak heat network heater (104) connected to the outside of the high-parameter steam extraction unit (102), the evaporator (108) connected to the outside of the peak heat network heater (104), and the drain collector (105) connected to the outside of the evaporator (108).

8. The power plant drain waste heat recovery and utilization system according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The absorption heat pump solution circuit (D-1) comprises the generator (106), a solution heat exchanger (110) connected to the outside of the generator (106), a solution expansion valve (111) connected to the outside of the solution heat exchanger (110), the absorber (109) connected to the outside of the solution expansion valve (111), and a solution pump (112) connected to the outside of the absorber (109).

9. The power plant drain waste heat recovery and utilization system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The absorption heat pump solvent circuit (D-2) includes the generator (106), the condenser (107) connected to the outside of the generator (106), and the solvent throttle valve (113) connected to the outside of the condenser (107), the evaporator (108) connected to the outside of the solvent throttle valve (113), and the absorber (109) connected to the outside of the evaporator (108).

10. The power plant drain waste heat recovery and utilization system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The absorber (109) is connected to the solution heat exchanger (110) via two channels, one channel is provided with the solution expansion valve (111), and the other channel is provided with the solution pump (112), and the solutions in the two channels flow in opposite directions; The generator (106) is connected to the solution heat exchanger (110) via two channels, and the solutions flow in the two channels in opposite directions.

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