Smoke particle coagulation sampling system and smoke particle coagulation sampling method

Abstract

The invention provides a smoke particle coagulation sampling system and a smoke particle coagulation sampling method, the smoke particle coagulation sampling system comprises: a cabinet provided with a first cavity, the cabinet is provided with a cabinet door suitable for isolating the first cavity from the external environment; the coagulation module is arranged in the first cavity, the coagulation module is provided with a second cavity, and the second cavity is suitable for containing comburent; the adjusting module is suitable for adjusting the temperature and / or pressure in the second cavity; the smoke producing module is arranged in the second cavity and is suitable for bearing and heating comburent, so that the comburent is combusted in the second cavity, and smoke containing smoke particles is generated; the collecting module is communicated with the second cavity and is suitable for sucking and adsorbing at least one part of smoke particles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] At least one embodiment of the present invention relates to the technical field of smoke particle condensation and collection firefighting equipment, and in particular to a smoke particle condensation sampling system and a smoke particle condensation sampling method. Background Art

[0002] Poor anti-interference ability, inaccurate detection and slow response speed of fire detectors are common phenomena at present. Missed reports and high false alarm rates are problems that need to be solved. The main reason is that the detectors cannot accurately identify the characteristic smoke particles and interference source particles generated by the fire.

[0003] The morphology and particle size distribution of smoke particles are important basic parameters for the light scattering of smoke particles. The main differences between fire smoke and interference source particles lie in the microscopic and macroscopic information such as particle number concentration, particle size distribution, refractive index, particle morphology and main components. In-depth exploration of the differences in light scattering and extinction effects between fire smoke and interference source particles is the theoretical basis for the development of new detectors.

[0004] Current research has shown that the main mechanisms that affect smoke particle number concentration, size distribution, mass density and other parameters include: coagulation, condensation, evaporation, deposition, etc., among which coagulation is one of the most important mechanisms. Coagulation refers to the collision between particles in aerosols due to the relative motion of Brownian motion molecules. These colliding particles adhere to each other with a certain probability and form new particles. Coagulation leads to a decrease in the number of particles and an increase in the average particle size, while the mass density of smoke remains unchanged.

[0005] The change of particle number and particle size distribution over time can be controlled by the Smoluchowski equation:

[0006] (1)

[0007] Where: The volume is The distribution function of the number of smoke particles over time; The volumes are and The collision frequency function of the two particles. It has different manifestations at different Knudsen numbers (Kn), which are related to ambient temperature, pressure, dynamic viscosity and particle morphology.

[0008] At present, most of the research on the condensation process of smoke particles is carried out in a normal temperature and pressure environment. Therefore, how to provide an experimental system for realizing the condensation and collection of smoke particles under different constant temperature and pressure conditions is of great significance for exploring the influence of temperature and pressure on the characteristics of smoke particles. Summary of the invention

[0009] In order to solve at least one of the above-mentioned and other technical problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a smoke particle condensation sampling system and a smoke particle condensation sampling method. The cabinet door provided in the cabinet is suitable for isolating the first cavity from the external environment. The second cavity provided in the condensation module is connected to the first cavity. The temperature and / or pressure in the second cavity can be adjusted by the adjustment module, and the smoke particles are condensed and sampled in a state isolated from the first cavity, thereby providing research data for the influence of temperature and pressure on the characteristics of smoke particles.

[0010] An embodiment of the present invention provides a smoke particle condensation sampling system, comprising: a cabinet, provided with a first cavity, the cabinet being provided with a cabinet door suitable for isolating the first cavity from the external environment; a condensation module, arranged in the first cavity, the condensation module being provided with a second cavity, the second cavity being suitable for accommodating a combustion material; a regulating module, suitable for regulating the temperature and / or pressure in the second cavity; a smoke making module, arranged in the second cavity, suitable for carrying and heating the combustion material so that the combustion material burns in the second cavity and generates smoke including smoke particles; a collection module, connected to the second cavity, suitable for inhaling and adsorbing at least a portion of the smoke particles.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the condensation module includes: a box body, the box body is provided with a storage port, a box door is provided in the storage port so as to be openable and closable, and when the box door is closed, the box door and the inner wall of the box body define the second cavity; an air intake mechanism, which is connected to the air intake end of the box body and is suitable for providing positive pressure to the second cavity; and an interface, which is provided on the box body and has a first state of connecting the first cavity with the second cavity, and a second state of cutting off the first cavity with the second cavity, so as to adjust or maintain the temperature and / or pressure in the second cavity.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an exhaust end suitable for connecting the second cavity with the collection module is also provided on the top of the box body; a plurality of temperature measuring components are arranged at intervals along the flow rate of the flue gas in the exhaust end to collect the flue gas temperature, and a transparent first window is also provided on the exhaust end to transmit external light and observe the flue gas concentration.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the smoke-making module comprises: a carrier plate disposed at the bottom of the second cavity and suitable for carrying the combustible; and a heating wire disposed on the carrier plate and suitable for igniting the combustible.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned collection module includes a flue connected to the negative pressure mechanism, and at least one sampling component is arranged in the above-mentioned flue, and the above-mentioned sampling component includes: a dark box, which is arranged in the above-mentioned flue; a sampling member, which is suitable for collecting at least a part of the above-mentioned smoke particles entrained in the above-mentioned smoke; and an actuator, which is connected to the above-mentioned sampling member and is suitable for driving the above-mentioned sampling member to move between a first position located in the above-mentioned dark box and a second position extending from the above-mentioned dark box, and is also suitable for driving the above-mentioned sampling member to rotate about a fixed axis in the above-mentioned flue to adjust the circumferential sampling position of the above-mentioned sampling member.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the flue is further provided with a heating assembly upstream of the sampling member, which is adapted to heat the flue gas to a temperature higher than that of the sampling member, so that a temperature gradient is formed between the flue gas temperature and the sampling member.

[0016] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a shut-off valve, a flow equalizing member and a transparent second window are sequentially arranged in the flue according to the flue gas flow direction. The second window is arranged at a position of the flue corresponding to the sampling member to observe the sampling situation of the sampling member.

[0017] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the smoke particle condensation sampling system includes two of the above-mentioned sampling components, and the two above-mentioned sampling components are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the above-mentioned flue.

[0018] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a smoke particle condensation sampling method based on a smoke particle condensation sampling system, comprising: configuring the temperature and / or pressure of the second cavity until the test conditions are reached; igniting the combustible material to generate smoke containing smoke particles, and letting it stand for a preset condensation time; drawing out the smoke through a collection module, and sampling through a sampling piece in a second position in the sampling module; after sampling is completed, adjusting the sampling piece to the first position, and when there is no obvious smoke in the first window and / or the second window, taking out the sampling piece to obtain a sample of the smoke particles.

[0019] According to an embodiment of the present invention, before the temperature and / or pressure of the second cavity is configured to reach the test conditions, it also includes: opening the negative pressure mechanism of the collection module and the air intake mechanism of the condensation module respectively to clean the second cavity.

[0020] According to the smoke particle condensation sampling system and smoke particle condensation sampling method provided by the present invention, the cabinet is used as the installation base of the smoke particle condensation sampling system, and the cabinet door provided therein is suitable for isolating the first cavity from the external environment. The second cavity provided in the condensation module can adjust the temperature and / or pressure in the second cavity through the adjustment module when it is connected to the first cavity, and condense and sample smoke particles when it is isolated from the first cavity. The smoke making module is provided in the second cavity, and is suitable for igniting combustibles, causing them to burn in the second cavity and produce smoke containing smoke particles. The collection module collects smoke particles under the configured temperature and pressure conditions, thereby providing research data for the influence of temperature and pressure on the characteristics of smoke particles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 is a front view of a smoke particle condensation sampling system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A perspective view of a smoke particle agglomeration sampling system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A perspective view of a coagulation module of the illustrated exemplary embodiment;

[0024] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A perspective view of the acquisition module portion of the illustrated exemplary embodiment;

[0025] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 a perspective view of the sampling assembly of the illustrated exemplary embodiment; and

[0026] Figure 6 is a flow chart of a smoke particle agglomeration sampling method according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] In the drawings, the meanings of the reference numerals are as follows:

[0028] 100. cigarette making module; 101. carrier plate;

[0029] 200, condensation module; 201, chamber door; 202, first viewing window; 203, interface; 204, air intake mechanism; 205, first thermocouple;

[0030] 300, acquisition module; 301, stop valve; 302, flow equalizing component; 303, heating component; 304, sampling component; 3041, telescopic rod; 3042, dark box; 3043, connecting component; 3044, sampling component; 305, second thermocouple; 306, second window;

[0031] 400, adjustment module;

[0032] 500, cabinet; 501, cabinet door; 502, third window;

[0033] 600. Control module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] The terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The terms "comprise", "include", etc. used herein indicate the existence of the features, steps, operations and / or components, but do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations or components.

[0036] All terms used herein, including technical and scientific terms, have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art, unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the context of this specification, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly rigid manner.

[0037] When using expressions such as "at least one of A, B, and C, etc.", it should generally be interpreted as the meaning of the expression generally understood by those skilled in the art. For example, "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" should include but not be limited to a system having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B, A and C, B and C, and / or A, B, C, etc. When using expressions such as "at least one of A, B, or C, etc.", it should generally be interpreted as the meaning of the expression generally understood by those skilled in the art. For example, "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" should include but not be limited to a system having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B, A and C, B and C, and / or A, B, C, etc.

[0038] Figure 1 4 is a front view of a smoke particle condensation sampling system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A perspective view of a smoke particle agglomeration sampling system according to an exemplary embodiment is shown.

[0039] According to the smoke particle condensation sampling system provided by the present disclosure, Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, it includes a cabinet 500, a condensation module 200, an adjustment module 400, a smoke-making module 100 and a collection module 300. The cabinet 500 is provided with a first cavity, and a cabinet door 501 suitable for sealing the first cavity from the external environment is provided on the cabinet 500. The condensation module 200 is arranged in the first cavity, and the condensation module 200 is provided with a second cavity, and the second cavity is suitable for accommodating a combustible. The adjustment module 400 is suitable for adjusting the temperature and / or pressure in the second cavity. The smoke-making module 100 is arranged in the second cavity, and is suitable for carrying and heating the combustible so that the combustible burns in the second cavity and generates smoke including smoke particles. The collection module 300 is connected to the second cavity, and is suitable for sucking and adsorbing at least a portion of the smoke particles.

[0040] In an illustrative embodiment, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the front side of the cabinet 500 (such as Figure 1 A first cavity with an opening is provided on the cabinet door 501 (the surface facing the viewing angle shown). In detail, the opening position of the first cavity includes but is not limited to being provided with a hinged cabinet door 501. Furthermore, a transparent third window 502 is also provided on the cabinet door 501, so that the operator can observe the actual test conditions in the first cavity and the second cavity during the test. Furthermore, in order to achieve the sealing of the first cavity, a locking mechanism can be further configured between the cabinet door 501 and the cabinet body 500, and corresponding sealing members (such as sealing rings) should also be configured on the joint surface between the cabinet door 501 and the cabinet body 500.

[0041] In an illustrative embodiment, Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the regulating module 400 is integrated into the cabinet 500. In detail, the regulating module 400 is suitable for regulating the temperature and / or pressure of the first cavity. On this basis, since the condensation module 200 is arranged in the first cavity, the temperature and / or pressure of the second cavity can be indirectly regulated by connecting the second cavity of the condensation module 200 with the first cavity. Furthermore, when the second cavity reaches the preset test conditions, the second cavity can be isolated from the first cavity, which can effectively prevent the smoke generated after the combustion material is ignited from leaking into the first cavity, so that as much smoke (including smoke particles) as possible is generated in the second cavity (that is, the second cavity is used as the place where the smoke is generated), and the dynamic balance of the test conditions in the second cavity is maintained, which is conducive to improving the controllability and accuracy of the test. In addition, if the first cavity remains isolated from the external environment, the first cavity can be regarded as a sealed cavity of the second cavity to achieve sealing and heat insulation between the second cavity and the external environment; if the first cavity is in a state of being connected to the external environment (such as after the test), since the second cavity is isolated from the first cavity, it can also prevent the smoke from leaking through the first cavity to the external environment and causing pollution to the test environment.

[0042] In an illustrative embodiment, the above-mentioned adjustment module 400 has a temperature adjustment unit, which includes but is limited to a compressor, a condenser, a throttling device, an evaporator, a pipeline and a control unit. In detail, the pipeline is suitable for connecting the above-mentioned compressor, condenser, throttling device and evaporator, and forming a working medium circulation therein, and the control unit is suitable for controlling the start, stop and operating power of the compressor to achieve temperature adjustment and maintenance of the first cavity (including the second cavity). Correspondingly, an air outlet connected to the adjustment module is provided on the inner wall of the first cavity of the cabinet 500, so that the refrigerated air enters the first cavity (including the second cavity) through the air outlet, thereby achieving the purpose of refrigeration. Further, in addition to being suitable for refrigerating the first cavity and the second cavity, the above-mentioned adjustment module 400 is also configured with a corresponding auxiliary heating device, such as arranging a ceramic heating component near the air outlet to heat the air passing through the auxiliary heating device. It should be understood that the above-mentioned adjustment module 400 is also correspondingly configured with corresponding electrical modules such as a thermostat, a starter and an overload protector to achieve rapid adjustment and precise control of the temperature of the first cavity (including the second cavity).

[0043] In an illustrative embodiment, the regulating module 400 also has a pressure regulating unit, which is suitable for directly or indirectly extracting the air in the second cavity to adjust the internal pressure of the second cavity. The pressure regulating module can be used as an independent unit, such as a vacuum pump connected to the first cavity; or it can be integrated into other modules, such as integrated into the collection module 300, so as to utilize the characteristics of the sampling module 300 that the air in the second cavity needs to be extracted, and the air in the second cavity is extracted before sampling, so that the pressure in the second cavity is less than the atmospheric pressure of the external environment. In this way, the pressure regulation requirement can be achieved, and different functions can be achieved in different steps of the test through the same device, which is economical and helps to reduce the volume of the smoke particle condensation sampling system.

[0044] In an illustrative embodiment, the regulating module 400 includes but is not limited to enabling the second cavity to be regulated within a temperature range of -40 to 70° C. and a pressure range of 0.1 to 1 atm.

[0045] In such an embodiment, the cabinet 500 is used as the installation base of the smoke particle condensation sampling system, and the cabinet door 501 provided therein is suitable for sealing the first cavity from the external environment. The second cavity provided in the condensation module 200 can adjust the temperature and / or pressure in the second cavity through the adjustment module 400 when it is connected to the first cavity, and condense and sample smoke particles when it is isolated from the first cavity. The smoke making module 100 is provided in the second cavity, and is suitable for igniting combustibles, causing them to burn in the second cavity and produce smoke containing smoke particles. The collection module 300 collects smoke particles under the configured temperature and pressure conditions, thereby providing research data for the influence of temperature and pressure on the characteristics of smoke particles.

[0046] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A perspective view of a coagulation module of the exemplary embodiment shown.

[0047] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the condensation module 200 includes a box body, an air intake mechanism 204 and an interface 203. The box body is provided with a storage port, and a box door 201 is provided in the storage port so as to be openable and closable. When the box door 201 is closed, the box door 201 and the inner wall of the box body define a second cavity. The air intake mechanism is connected to the air intake end of the box body, and is suitable for providing positive pressure to the second cavity. The interface 203 is provided on the box body, and has a first state of connecting the first cavity with the second cavity, and a second state of cutting off the first cavity with the second cavity, so as to adjust or maintain the temperature and / or pressure in the second cavity.

[0048] In an illustrative embodiment, Figures 1 to 3As shown, the housing of the condensation module 200 is constructed as a substantially cubic structure, and one side wall of the housing (such as Figure 3 A structure 203 is arranged on the left side wall of the casing (as shown). In detail, the interface 203 includes but is not limited to being constructed as a bent pipe structure, wherein the opening of the interface 203 is arranged upward, and a sealing assembly is arranged at a position facing the opening formed by the interface 203, and the sealing assembly is not limited to having a first cylinder and a cover arranged on the piston rod of the first cylinder. The first cylinder is suitable for, in a retracted state, driving the cover away from the interface 203 to connect the second cavity in the casing with the first cavity through the interface 203; in an extended state, the first cylinder drives the cover close to the interface 203 to close the interface 203, thereby isolating the first cavity from the second cavity. Furthermore, the storage port (such as Figure 3 The lower right opening shown in the figure is provided with a box door 201, which is suitable for putting in or taking out the combustion object in the open state, and allowing the combustion object to burn in the second cavity in the closed state. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0049] For example, the interface 203 may also be sealed by installing a valve body, such as providing a solenoid valve.

[0050] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the smoke making module 100 includes a carrier plate 101 and a heating wire. The carrier plate 101 is arranged at the bottom of the second cavity and is suitable for carrying the combustible. The heating wire is arranged on the carrier plate 101 and is suitable for igniting the combustible.

[0051] In an illustrative embodiment, Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the cigarette making module 100 is arranged at the bottom of the second cavity formed by the box body, and specifically includes a carrier plate 101 and an electric heating wire (not shown in the figure) arranged on the carrier plate 101. In detail, the carrier plate 101 includes but is not limited to being made of ceramic material. Further, the carrier plate 101 includes but is not limited to being bonded or mounted on the bottom surface of the second cavity through a bracket, and the electric heating wire is exposed on the upper surface of the carrier plate 101 to ignite the combustion material located on the upper surface.

[0052] In an illustrative embodiment, the power of the heating wire includes but is not limited to being configured as 660-1000w.

[0053] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 3 As shown, the top of the box is also provided with an exhaust port suitable for connecting the second cavity with the collection module 300. A plurality of temperature measuring components are arranged at intervals along the flow of smoke in the exhaust port to collect the smoke temperature, and a transparent first window 202 is also provided at the exhaust port to transmit external light and observe the smoke concentration.

[0054] In an illustrative embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, the top of the box is provided with an exhaust port of a quadrangular pyramid structure. Figure 3 The lower side shown in the figure) is connected to the top of the box, and the narrow side (as shown in the figure) is connected to the top of the box. Figure 3 The upper side shown in the figure) is connected to the collection module to gather the smoke generated in the second cavity and increase the flow rate of the smoke. Further, a first window 202 is provided on the two opposite side walls of the exhaust end to allow external light to irradiate the exhaust end, so as to facilitate the operator to observe the state of the smoke. Furthermore, a plurality of first thermocouples 205 are provided on the side wall of the exhaust end located next to the first window 202, and are arranged in sequence from bottom to top to detect the real-time temperature of each position of the smoke when passing through the exhaust end of the box. The plurality of first thermocouples 205 are preferably configured to roughly coincide with the projection of the center of the flue in the vertical direction in the orthographic projection, so as to collect the temperature of the middle part of the smoke. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to this.

[0055] For example, in addition to being arranged at intervals in the height direction, the plurality of first thermocouples 205 are also arranged in a sloped staggered manner along the extension direction of the exhaust end, so as to detect the real-time temperature of different positions in the middle and outer sides of the flue gas.

[0056] In an illustrative embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, the air intake mechanism 204 is disposed on the bottom surface of the box body, and is suitable for blowing air into the second cavity. In detail, the air intake mechanism 204 includes but is not limited to using a fan to form a positive pressure in the second cavity, so as to cooperate with the following collection mechanism to clean the second cavity in the box body, so as to prevent smoke particles or other particles from remaining in the second cavity and interfering with the sampling.

[0057] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A perspective view of the acquisition module portion of the exemplary embodiment shown. Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A perspective view of a sampling assembly of an exemplary embodiment is shown.

[0058] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the collection module 300 includes a flue connected to the negative pressure mechanism, and at least one sampling assembly 304 is arranged in the flue, and the sampling assembly 304 includes a dark box 3042, a sampling member 3044 and an actuating portion. The dark box 3042 is arranged in the flue. The sampling member 3044 is suitable for collecting at least a portion of smoke particles entrained in the flue gas. The actuating portion is connected to the sampling member 3044, and is suitable for driving the sampling member 3044 to move between a first position located in the dark box 3042 and a second position extending from the dark box 3042, and is also suitable for driving the sampling member 3044 to rotate about a fixed axis in the flue to adjust the circumferential sampling position of the sampling member 3044.

[0059] In an illustrative embodiment, the negative pressure output by the negative pressure mechanism is adjustable, and a negative pressure fan may be used. Alternatively, a valve with adjustable opening may be arranged between the negative pressure mechanism and the collection module 300, so as to adjust the negative pressure by adjusting the opening of the valve, thereby realizing flow control of the smoke passing through the sampling module.

[0060] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 4 As shown, the smoke particle condensation sampling system includes two sampling components 304, and the two sampling components 304 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the flue.

[0061] In an illustrative embodiment, Figure 4 As shown, the flue includes but is not limited to being constructed as a hollow square tube. Further, a vacuum pump is provided at the exhaust end of the flue, which is suitable for forming a negative pressure in the flue to extract the smoke (including smoke particles) in the flue.

[0062] In an illustrative embodiment, Figure 4 As shown, the two sampling components are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the square tube facing each other (such as Figure 4 Further, the dark box 3042 includes but is not limited to being arranged on the side wall of the square tube and being connected to the flue in the square tube, so that when the sampling member moves from the first position to the second position, it extends from the dark box 3042 and to the middle of the flue.

[0063] In an illustrative embodiment, Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the driving portion of the sampling assembly 304 includes a second cylinder (such as Figure 5 The second cylinder is arranged along a direction perpendicular to the flue (if the flue is arranged along a vertical direction, the second cylinder is arranged along a horizontal direction). In detail, the telescopic rod 3041 of the second cylinder extends from the end of the cylinder body (such as Figure 5The right end of the second cylinder (as shown in the figure) is sleeved with a connecting piece 3043 (such as a sleeve or a clamp structure), which is used to connect the sampling piece 3044 with the telescopic rod 3041, so that it can be extended from the dark box 3042 to the middle of the flue during the outward movement of the second cylinder, thereby realizing the sampling of smoke particles, and retracted from the middle of the flue to the dark box 3042 during the return movement of the second cylinder, thereby completing the sampling of smoke particles. Among them, the sampling piece includes but is not limited to the use of a copper mesh, and the outside of which is coated with a carbon support film; the copper mesh after sampling is stored in the dark box 3042 to prevent the copper mesh from being exposed to the flue for a long time and causing pollution (or pollution caused by particles entrained by the external environment when connected to the external environment).

[0064] In an illustrative embodiment, Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the driving part of the sampling assembly 304 also includes a third cylinder (such as Figure 5 The cylinder shown on the left side is arranged in a direction parallel to the flue (if the flue is arranged in a vertical direction, the third cylinder is also arranged in a vertical direction). In detail, a rack is arranged at the end of the piston rod of the third cylinder, and a gear meshing with the rack is arranged at the corresponding end of the second cylinder, so that the second cylinder and the sampling member 3044 are driven to rotate synchronously through the rack during the outward movement and the return movement of the third cylinder, so that different positions of the sampling member (i.e., the copper mesh) face the incoming flow direction of the smoke, so as to collect smoke particles more fully and evenly.

[0065] In an illustrative embodiment, not shown in the figure, the sampling assembly 304 also includes a third thermocouple. In detail, the third thermocouple is arranged on a connector 3043 fixed integrally with the sampling member 3044 (i.e., the copper mesh), and is suitable for using the temperature of the connector 3043. Since the connector 3043 and the sampling member 3044 (i.e., the copper mesh) are integrally connected, for this reason, the connector 3043 can be regarded as having the same temperature as the sampling member 3044, so that the temperature of the sampling member 3044 is indirectly obtained through the third thermocouple. Further, the connector 3043 includes but is not limited to being made of the same material as the sampling member 3044, such as copper. In this way, the temperature of the sampling member 3044 (i.e., the copper mesh) can be obtained in real time during the test, so as to know whether the temperature difference between the sampling member 3044 and the flue gas meets the required temperature gradient. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to this.

[0066] For example, control feedback can also be formed through the temperature difference between the temperatures collected by the third thermocouple and the second thermocouple, that is, when the temperature difference reaches the required temperature gradient, the power of the heating component 303 is maintained to keep the flue gas at a suitable temperature; that is, when the temperature difference does not reach the required temperature gradient, the power of the heating component 303 is adjusted to adjust the flue gas to a suitable temperature.

[0067] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 4 As shown, a stop valve 301 , a flow equalizer 302 and a transparent second window 306 are sequentially arranged in the flue according to the direction of flue gas flow. The second window 306 is arranged at a position of the flue corresponding to the sampling member 3044 to observe the sampling situation of the sampling member 3044 .

[0068] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 4 As shown, a heating component 303 is further provided in the flue upstream of the sampling member 3044 , which is suitable for heating the flue gas to a temperature higher than the sampling member 3044 so that a temperature gradient is formed between the flue gas temperature and the sampling member 3044 .

[0069] In an illustrative embodiment, Figure 4 As shown, along the flow direction of flue gas in the flue (such as Figure 4 The cut-off valve 301, the flow equalizing component 302, the heating component 303 and the second window 306 are sequentially arranged (from bottom to top as shown). Among them, the cut-off valve 301 includes but is not limited to the use of a butterfly valve to connect or cut off the condensation module 200 and the cut-off component; the flow equalizing component 302 includes but is not limited to the use of a metal honeycomb to break up the flue gas (including smoke particles) passing through the metal honeycomb so that the flue gas flows evenly; the heating component 303 includes but is not limited to the use of an electric heating wire to heat the flue gas passing through the heating component 303 to a temperature gradient that can form flue gas thermophoresis; the second window 306 is preferably arranged at a position where the sampling component 3044 can be observed to transmit external light so that the operator can observe the flue gas concentration in the flue. Furthermore, along the flue gas flow direction, a plurality of second thermocouples 305 are sequentially arranged at the downstream position of the heating component 303 to monitor in real time whether the flue gas heated by the heating component 303 has reached the preset temperature requirement (preferably to meet the temperature gradient requirement that can form flue gas thermophoresis). The first thermocouple 205 and the second thermocouple 305 include but are not limited to being installed with an armored structure, and the number of the first thermocouple 205 and the second thermocouple 305 includes but are not limited to being configured as 3. The heating component 303 includes but is not limited to providing a maximum temperature of 100°C for the flue gas; the first window, the second window 306 and the third window 502 include but are not limited to being made of high temperature resistant glass material.

[0070] In a polyatomic ideal gas, for spherical particles whose diameter is smaller than the mean free path of gas molecules, the thermophoretic velocity (i.e. ) is proportional to the temperature gradient T is independent of particle size, that is:

[0071] (1)

[0072] For larger particles, the calculation is more complicated because a temperature gradient will be established inside the particle, which can be expressed as follows:

[0073] (2)

[0074] In the formula, is the thermophoresis velocity; is the gas viscosity; T is the temperature of the gas; C is the Cunningham slip correction coefficient; H is a coefficient related to the particle size dp, the mean free path of gas molecules λ, and the thermal conductivity kp and ka of particles and gas, and the expression is as follows:

[0075] (3)

[0076] Based on the electrophoresis principle described in the above formula, the above embodiment heats the smoke by heating the heating component 303 to increase the smoke temperature, thereby forming a temperature gradient with the sampling component 3044 (i.e., the copper mesh) located downstream (i.e., located at the heating component 303). When smoke particles are in the smoke with this temperature gradient, since the gas molecules in the higher temperature part collide with the particles with higher kinetic energy than the gas molecules in the lower temperature part, when collecting smoke particles, the smoke particles with higher temperature will move toward the sampling component 3044 (i.e., the copper mesh) with lower temperature, thereby adhering to the carbon support film coated on the outside of the copper mesh, so as to achieve the purpose of sampling.

[0077] In an adapted embodiment, Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the smoke particle condensation sampling system also includes a control module 600. In detail, the control module 600 includes but is not limited to being in communication connection with at least a part of the smoke making module 100, the condensation module 200, the collection module 300 and the adjustment module 400, and is suitable for controlling at least a part of the actions of the above modules. Among them, the control module 600 includes but is not limited to using a PLC (programmable logic controller) or any other control device suitable for issuing control instructions to the above to enable the corresponding module to perform actions.

[0078] For example, the control module 600 can be used to drive the opening and closing of the air intake mechanism 204 and the vacuum pump, so as to extract the air inside the second cavity when it is sealed so as to put it in a suitable pressure state; or, extract air through the vacuum pump to sample the smoke through the sampling piece 3044; or, supply air through the air intake mechanism and extract air through the vacuum pump to clean the second cavity.

[0079] For example, the control module 600 may be used to control the operating time and / or operating power of the regulating module 400 so as to keep the second cavity under a desired temperature condition.

[0080] For example, the control module 600 can be used to control the action of the first cylinder to switch the state of the interface to open or close the first cavity and the second cavity. Similarly, the control module 600 can also control the second cylinder and the third cylinder to adjust the horizontal position and circumferential position of the sampling member 3044.

[0081] For example, the control module 600 may be used to control the power of the heating wire on the carrier plate 101 and / or the heating component 303 in the flue to ignite combustibles or heat the flue gas in the flue.

[0082] For example, the control module 600 may be used to collect temperature signals collected by the first thermocouple 205 and the second thermocouple 305 to monitor the working condition of the smoke particle condensation sampling system in real time.

[0083] In such an implementation, the control module 600 can realize the control and signal collection of other modules, so as to monitor and control the test process in real time before and during the test. Each module is independent and detachable, which is convenient for the transportation and on-site assembly of the smoke particle condensation sampling system, and is convenient for cleaning the system after the test, which can effectively prevent contamination during the sampling process and avoid interference with the sampling results.

[0084] According to the smoke particle condensation sampling method based on the smoke particle condensation sampling system provided by the present disclosure, Figure 6 As shown, including:

[0085] Step S110: configuring the temperature and / or pressure of the second cavity until the test conditions are reached.

[0086] Step S120: Ignite the combustible material to generate smoke containing smoke particles, and leave it to stand for a preset condensation time.

[0087] Step S130: smoke is sucked in through the collection module 300, and sampling is performed through the sampling member 3044 in the second position of the sampling module.

[0088] Step S140: After the sampling is completed, the sampling member 3044 is adjusted to the first position, and when there is no obvious smoke in the first window 202 and / or the second window 306, the sampling member 3044 is taken out to obtain a sample of smoke particles.

[0089] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the smoke particle condensation sampling method further includes step S100, opening the negative pressure mechanism of the collection module 300 and the air intake mechanism 204 of the condensation module 200 respectively to clean the second cavity.

[0090] In an illustrative embodiment, a sampling method based on the above-mentioned smoke particle condensation sampling system includes:

[0091] Step S101: assemble the smoke making module 100, the condensation module 200, the sampling module 300, the adjustment module 400 and the control module 600 on the cabinet, and perform debugging and corresponding tests to ensure that the smoke particle condensation sampling system meets the test requirements;

[0092] Step S102: starting the vacuum pump of the sampling module 300 and running it for a preset time (e.g., 30 seconds) to clean the second cavity to prevent foreign particles (e.g., dust, etc.) in the second cavity from affecting subsequent sampling;

[0093] Step S111: placing a combustible (such as a cotton thread with a mass of 5 g) on ​​the carrier plate 101 of the cigarette making module 100 and making it contact with the electric heating wire;

[0094] Step S112: adjusting the temperature and pressure in the second chamber by the regulating module 400, and after reaching the preset test conditions (such as 20°C, 0.5atm), closing the vacuum pump, the stop valve and the valve of the air intake mechanism 204 of the sampling module 300;

[0095] Step S121: adjust the power (e.g., 700W) of the electric heating wire of the smoke-making module 100 to ignite the combustible material to generate smoke containing smoke particles. At this time, activate the heating component 307 in the collection module 300 to preheat the flue, and wait for the smoke to be roughly uniform and then stand for a preset coagulation time (e.g., 600s);

[0096] Step S131: Open the stop valve 301 of the collection module 300, and make the sampling member 3044 in the sampling assembly 304 be in the second position extended from the dark box 3042 (i.e. extended into the flue);

[0097] Step S132: Turn on the vacuum pump of the collection module 300 to allow smoke containing smoke particles to pass through the sampling member 3044, and rotate the sampling member 3044 so that the smoke particles are adsorbed on the surface of the sampling member 3044;

[0098] Step S133: after the sampling member 3044 reaches a preset sampling time (such as 1 second), the sampling member 3044 is reset to the first position in the dark box 3042;

[0099] Step S141: Turn off the electric heating wire of the smoke making module 100 and the heating element 307 of the sampling module 300, and maintain the operation state of the vacuum pump until no obvious smoke can be visually observed through the first window, the second window and the third window (most of the smoke is extracted outside the smoke particle condensation sampling system), then turn off the vacuum pump and remove the sampling piece from the smoke particle condensation sampling system to complete the sampling;

[0100] Step S142: Open the cabinet door 501 and the box door 201 in sequence, and clean the smoke particle condensation sampling system.

[0101] In such an embodiment, based on the above-mentioned sampling method, the combustible material can be heated evenly and stable smoke can be generated. Through the action of the stop valve 301 of the sampling component 300, the smoke can reach a preset coagulation time in the second cavity, and when the stop valve 301 is turned on and the vacuum pump is running under negative pressure, the smoke is heated by the heating component 307 to have a suitable temperature gradient with the sampling piece 3044, thereby achieving effective sampling of smoke particles based on the thermophoresis principle.

[0102] It should also be noted that the directional terms mentioned in the embodiments, such as "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", etc., are only for reference to the drawings and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Throughout the drawings, the same elements are represented by the same or similar reference numerals. Conventional structures or configurations will be omitted when they may cause confusion in the understanding of the present invention.

[0103] The embodiments of the present invention are described above. However, these embodiments are only for the purpose of illustration, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Although each embodiment is described above, it does not mean that the measures in each embodiment cannot be used in combination. The scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents. Without departing from the scope of the present invention, those skilled in the art may make various substitutions and modifications, which should all fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smoke particle condensation sampling system, characterized in that: include: A cabinet (500) is provided with a first cavity, and the cabinet (500) is provided with a cabinet door (501) suitable for isolating the first cavity from the external environment; A condensation module (200) is arranged in the first cavity, the condensation module (200) is provided with a second cavity, and the second cavity is suitable for accommodating combustion materials; A regulating module (400), adapted to regulate the temperature and / or pressure in the second cavity; A smoke-making module (100) is arranged in the second cavity and is suitable for carrying and heating the combustion object so that the combustion object burns in the second cavity and generates smoke including smoke particles; The collection module (300) is in communication with the second cavity and is suitable for sucking and adsorbing at least a portion of the smoke particles.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The condensation module (200) comprises: A box body, the box body being provided with a storage opening, a box door (201) being provided in the storage opening so as to be openable and closable, and when the box door (201) is in a closed state, the box door (201) and the inner wall of the box body define the second cavity; an air intake mechanism, connected to the air intake end of the box, and adapted to provide positive pressure to the second cavity; and An interface (203) is arranged on the box body and has a first state of connecting the first cavity and the second cavity, and a second state of disconnecting the first cavity and the second cavity, so as to adjust or maintain the temperature and / or pressure in the second cavity.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that The top of the box is also provided with an exhaust port suitable for connecting the second cavity with the collection module (300); A plurality of temperature measuring components are arranged at intervals along the flow rate of the smoke in the exhaust end to collect the smoke temperature. The exhaust end is also provided with a transparent first viewing window (202) to transmit external light and observe the smoke concentration.

4. The system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The cigarette making module (100) comprises: A carrier plate (101), arranged at the bottom of the second cavity, suitable for carrying the combustion object; and The electric heating wire is arranged on the carrier plate (101) and is suitable for igniting the combustible material.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The collection module (300) comprises a flue connected to the negative pressure mechanism, and at least one sampling component (304) is arranged in the flue. The sampling component (304) comprises: A dark box (3042) is arranged in the flue; A sampling member (3044) is adapted to collect at least a portion of the smoke particles entrained in the smoke; and The actuating portion is connected to the sampling member (3044) and is adapted to drive the sampling member (3044) to move between a first position located in the dark box (3042) and a second position extending from the dark box (3042), and is also adapted to drive the sampling member (3044) to rotate about a fixed axis in the flue so as to adjust the circumferential sampling position of the sampling member (3044).

6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that The flue is also provided with a heating component (303) upstream of the sampling piece (3044), which is suitable for heating the flue gas to a temperature higher than that of the sampling piece (3044), so that a temperature gradient is formed between the flue gas temperature and the sampling piece (3044).

7. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that A stop valve (301), a flow equalizer (302) and a transparent second window (306) are sequentially arranged in the flue according to the direction of the flue gas flow. The second window (306) is arranged at a position of the flue corresponding to the sampling element (3044) so ​​as to observe the sampling situation of the sampling element (3044).

8. The system according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that: It comprises two sampling components (304), and the two sampling components (304) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the flue.

9. A smoke particle condensation sampling method based on the smoke particle condensation sampling system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: include: configuring the temperature and / or pressure of the second chamber until the test conditions are reached; Ignite the combustion material to generate smoke containing smoke particles, and leave it to stand for a preset condensation time; Smoking smoke through the collection module (300), and sampling through the sampling member (3044) located in the second position of the sampling module; After sampling is completed, the sampling piece (3044) is adjusted to the first position, and when there is no obvious smoke in the first window (202) and / or the second window (306), the sampling piece (3044) is taken out to obtain a sample of the smoke particles.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that Before configuring the temperature and / or pressure of the second cavity until the test conditions are reached, the process further includes: The negative pressure mechanism of the collection module (300) and the air intake mechanism of the condensation module (200) are respectively opened to clean the second cavity.

Images