Water conservancy water and soil loss remote sensing dynamic monitoring method

Abstract

The invention discloses a remote sensing dynamic monitoring method for water and soil loss in water conservancy, and relates to the technical field of combination of water conservancy projects and remote sensing technologies. A data collection module is used for collecting and preprocessing monitoring data of remote sensing images, weather and soil, extracting historical data stored in a storage module, and combining the current monitoring data to obtain a remote sensing result; the method comprises the steps that a soil erosion intensity index TQ, a water and soil loss rate change rate LS and a water and soil conservation measure adjustment factor BCT are substituted into a comprehensive treatment evaluation module, the adjustment direction and strength of a water and soil conservation measure are formulated based on the water and soil conservation measure adjustment factor BCT, and monitoring data and measures for adjusting the direction and strength are stored in a storage module. According to the method, by introducing scientific quantitative indexes and constructing a cyclic influence mechanism, comprehensive monitoring and quantitative analysis of dynamic changes of water and soil loss are realized, and the method not only solves the problems and defects in the prior art, but also provides scientific basis and decision support for formulation and adjustment of water and soil conservation measures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of combining water conservancy projects with remote sensing technology, and in particular to a remote sensing dynamic monitoring method for water conservancy soil and water loss. Background Art

[0002] With the global climate change and the intensification of human activities, the problem of soil erosion is becoming increasingly serious. Soil erosion not only leads to the degradation of land resources, but also seriously affects the ecological environment and agricultural production. Therefore, timely and accurate monitoring and evaluation of soil erosion has become an important task to protect land resources, maintain the ecological environment and promote sustainable development.

[0003] As a non-contact, long-distance detection technology, remote sensing technology has the advantages of wide coverage, large amount of information and fast update speed. With the continuous advancement of aerospace and aviation technology, the resolution and accuracy of remote sensing images are constantly improving, which provides strong technical support for the dynamic monitoring of soil erosion. Through remote sensing technology, continuous and dynamic monitoring of soil erosion in large areas and long time series can be achieved.

[0004] However, existing technologies mostly focus on the intensity of soil erosion at a certain point in time and cannot fully reflect the dynamic changes in soil and water loss. As for the effectiveness evaluation of soil and water conservation measures, existing technologies often lack scientific quantitative indicators and cannot accurately guide the adjustment and optimization of measures. In addition, it is difficult to integrate remote sensing data from different sources and at different time points, making it difficult to form a systematic monitoring system. Finally, existing technologies fail to fully consider the interactions and cyclical effects between soil erosion, vegetation cover and soil and water conservation measures. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a remote sensing dynamic monitoring method for water conservancy and soil erosion, which solves the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution, and the specific monitoring implementation steps are as follows:

[0007] Use the data collection module to collect and pre-process remote sensing images, meteorological and soil monitoring data;

[0008] Extract the historical data stored in the storage module, combine it with the current monitoring data, and substitute it into the comprehensive processing and evaluation module to obtain the soil erosion intensity index TQ, the soil and water loss rate change rate LS, and the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT;

[0009] Based on the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT, formulate the adjustment direction and intensity of soil and water conservation measures;

[0010] The comprehensive treatment and evaluation module includes a basic evaluation unit for the current soil and water loss status, a dynamic soil and water loss change trend evaluation unit, and a unit for providing soil and water conservation measures adjustment direction;

[0011] The monitoring data and the measures for adjusting the direction and intensity are stored in a storage module;

[0012] The equipment used in the data collection module includes remote sensing equipment, meteorological observation equipment and soil sampling and analysis equipment;

[0013] The equipment used in the comprehensive processing and evaluation module includes data processing equipment;

[0014] The devices used by the storage module include a server.

[0015] Optionally, the calculation formula for the basic assessment unit of the current soil and water loss status is as follows:

[0016]

[0017] T = PC × PD;

[0018] in:

[0019] TQ is the soil erosion intensity index;

[0020] JY is the rainfall erosivity factor, which reflects the potential of rainfall on soil erosion;

[0021] KQ is the soil erodibility factor, and KQ reflects the sensitivity of soil to erosion;

[0022] T is the topographic factor, which reflects the impact of topography on erosion;

[0023] PC is the slope length, PD is the slope;

[0024] Z is the vegetation coverage and management factor, which reflects the protective effect of vegetation on soil;

[0025] BC is the soil and water conservation measure factor, and BC reflects the mitigation effect of human activities on soil erosion.

[0026] Optionally, the slope length PC refers to the distance that water flows on the slope surface. The slope length PC affects the accumulation of water flow energy and the duration of erosion. The longer the slope length PC is, the greater the energy accumulated by the water flow during the flow process, and the stronger the erosion effect on the soil.

[0027] The slope PD refers to the inclination of the slope surface. The slope PD determines the flow rate and direction of water on the slope surface. The larger the slope PD, the faster the water flow rate, and the more severe the scouring and erosion of the soil.

[0028] The terrain factor T combines the slope length PC and slope gradient PD to reflect the comprehensive impact of terrain on soil erosion.

[0029] Optionally, the calculation formula for evaluating the dynamic soil and water loss change trend unit is as follows:

[0030] LS=[(TQ-TQ old ) / TQ old ]×[1 / (t now -t old )]×100%;

[0031] in:

[0032] LS is the rate of change of soil erosion;

[0033] TQ old is the soil erosion intensity of the previous year;

[0034] t now is the current time point;

[0035] t old The time point is the previous year.

[0036] Optionally, the calculation formula for providing the soil and water conservation measure adjustment direction unit is as follows:

[0037] BCT = [(1-(LS / 100) -0.5 )]×(Z / Z old ) 0.25 ;

[0038] in:

[0039] BCT is the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor;

[0040] Z old It is the vegetation coverage and management factor of the previous year.

[0041] Optionally, the soil erosion intensity TQ of the previous year old , the time point t of the previous year old , the vegetation cover and management factor Z in the previous year old These are the corresponding values ​​obtained in the same region, location, and year at the same time point.

[0042] Optionally, the adjustment steps based on the provision of soil and water conservation measures adjustment direction unit and historical data are as follows:

[0043] S1, extracting vegetation coverage and management factor Z of the previous year from the storage module old The soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT of the previous year obtained in the same region, location, and time periodold ;

[0044] S2. If the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT is higher than the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT of the previous year old , it indicates that the rate of soil erosion is accelerating, and we should increase vegetation coverage, improve farming methods, and build soil and water conservation projects;

[0045] S3. If the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT is lower than the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT of the previous year old , it indicates that the rate of soil erosion is slowing down and should be maintained and continuously monitored.

[0046] Optionally, based on the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT of the previous year old , there are two contrast situations as follows;

[0047] In the same year, select the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT of the previous year in different regions and plots old Make comparisons and evaluate the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in different regions;

[0048] Select the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT of the previous year in different years old Make comparisons and analyze the changing trends and effects of soil and water conservation measures over time.

[0049] Optionally, the remote sensing equipment includes satellites, drones, and ground spectrometers for acquiring remote sensing image data; the data processing equipment includes high-performance computers, servers, and GIS software for data processing and analysis; the meteorological observation equipment includes rain gauges and weather stations for collecting meteorological data; and the soil sampling and analysis equipment includes soil drills and soil analyzers for acquiring soil data.

[0050] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0051] 1. The present invention calculates the soil erosion intensity index TQ at different time points through the basic assessment unit of the current soil and water loss status, and calculates the soil and water loss rate change rate LS by using the dynamic soil and water loss change trend assessment unit, thereby realizing the quantitative monitoring of the dynamic changes of soil and water loss. At the same time, the soil and water conservation measures adjustment direction unit provides a scientific basis for the adjustment and optimization of the measures by calculating the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT.

[0052] 2. The present invention fully considers the interaction and cyclical influence among soil erosion, vegetation cover and soil and water conservation measures. The calculation of the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT not only considers the change of soil and water loss rate, but also combines the change of vegetation cover to form a complete cyclical influence mechanism.

[0053] 3. The present invention constructs a systematic remote sensing dynamic monitoring system for water conservancy and soil erosion by integrating remote sensing data from multiple sources and multiple time points. The system can realize dynamic monitoring of soil erosion in large areas and long time series, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of monitoring.

[0054] 4. The present invention can scientifically guide the formulation and adjustment of soil and water conservation measures based on the output of the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT, and can effectively slow down the rate of soil and water loss and protect the ecological environment and land resources by continuously optimizing the measures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0055] Figure 1 The flow chart of the method for remote sensing dynamic monitoring of water and soil loss in water conservancy;

[0056] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the comprehensive processing evaluation module of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of different monitoring conditions for this water conservancy soil and water loss remote sensing dynamic monitoring method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0059] Regarding this water conservancy remote sensing dynamic monitoring method of soil and water loss, it is different from the traditional soil and water loss monitoring method. The traditional soil and water loss monitoring method often relies on ground field surveys, and has the problems of long monitoring cycle, high cost and limited coverage. With the rapid development of remote sensing technology, the use of remote sensing images for dynamic monitoring of soil and water loss has become an efficient and economical means. However, most of the existing remote sensing monitoring methods focus on the assessment of soil erosion intensity at a single time point, and lack quantitative analysis of the changes in soil and water loss rate and the effects of soil and water conservation measures between different time points. This algorithm unit realizes comprehensive monitoring and quantitative analysis of the dynamic changes of soil and water loss by introducing scientific quantitative indicators and constructing a cyclic impact mechanism. This method not only solves the problems and shortcomings of the existing technology, but also provides a scientific basis and decision-making support for the formulation and adjustment of soil and water conservation measures.

[0060] For example, see Figures 1 to 3 This implementation provides a remote sensing dynamic monitoring method for water conservancy and soil erosion. The specific monitoring implementation steps are as follows:

[0061] Use the data collection module to collect and pre-process remote sensing images, meteorological and soil monitoring data;

[0062] Extract the historical data stored in the storage module, combine it with the current monitoring data, and substitute it into the comprehensive processing and evaluation module to obtain the soil erosion intensity index TQ, the soil and water loss rate change rate LS, and the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT;

[0063] Based on the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT, formulate the adjustment direction and intensity of soil and water conservation measures;

[0064] The comprehensive treatment and assessment module includes a unit for basic assessment of the current soil and water loss status, a unit for assessing the dynamic soil and water loss change trend, and a unit for providing adjustment directions for soil and water conservation measures;

[0065] The monitoring data and the measures for adjusting the direction and intensity are stored in the storage module;

[0066] The equipment used in the data collection module includes remote sensing equipment, meteorological observation equipment and soil sampling and analysis equipment;

[0067] The equipment used in the comprehensive processing and evaluation module includes data processing equipment;

[0068] The equipment used by the storage module includes a server;

[0069] Remote sensing equipment includes satellites, drones, and ground-based spectrometers for acquiring remote sensing image data. Data processing equipment includes high-performance computers, servers, and GIS software for data processing and analysis. Meteorological observation equipment includes rain gauges and weather stations for collecting meteorological data. Soil sampling and analysis equipment includes soil drills and soil analyzers for acquiring soil data.

[0070] In this embodiment, the system, through the mutual cooperation of three algorithm units, combines the three operation results of TQ, LS and BCT, and together constitutes a solid foundation and strong support for the remote sensing dynamic monitoring method of water conservancy soil and water loss. TQ is the soil erosion intensity index, which is the basis for evaluating the soil and water loss situation, formulating soil and water conservation measures and monitoring their effects. LS is the soil and water loss rate change rate, that is, evaluating the relative change rate of soil erosion intensity between two different time points, which helps to understand the development trend of soil and water loss and provide a basis for formulating and adjusting soil and water conservation measures. BCT is the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor, which is based on the soil and water loss rate change rate LS and the vegetation coverage and management factor Z and the vegetation coverage and management factor Z of the previous year. oldThe changes in BCT provide a quantitative basis for the adjustment direction and intensity of soil and water conservation measures, and the calculation results of BCT can also affect the calculation of TQ and LS, so that the three algorithms of this system have a high correlation and entanglement, so that the overall algorithm system can perform automatic feedback and optimization according to the actual situation to be closer to reality.

[0071] See also Figures 1 to 3 , the calculation formula for the basic assessment unit of the current soil and water loss status is as follows:

[0072]

[0073] T = PC × PD;

[0074] in:

[0075] TQ is the soil erosion intensity index;

[0076] JY is the rainfall erosivity factor, which reflects the potential of rainfall on soil erosion;

[0077] KQ is the soil erodibility factor, and KQ reflects the sensitivity of soil to erosion;

[0078] T is the topographic factor, which reflects the impact of topography on erosion;

[0079] PC is the slope length, PD is the slope;

[0080] Z is the vegetation coverage and management factor, which reflects the protective effect of vegetation on soil;

[0081] BC is the soil and water conservation measure factor, and BC reflects the mitigation effect of human activities on soil erosion;

[0082] Slope length PC refers to the distance that water flows on the slope. Slope length PC affects the accumulation of water flow energy and the duration of erosion. The longer the slope length PC, the greater the energy accumulated by water flow during the flow process, and the stronger the erosion effect on the soil.

[0083] The slope PD refers to the inclination of the slope surface. The slope PD determines the flow rate and direction of water on the slope surface. The larger the slope PD, the faster the water flow rate, and the more severe the scouring and erosion of the soil.

[0084] The topographic factor T combines the slope length PC and slope gradient PD to reflect the comprehensive impact of topography on soil erosion.

[0085] In this embodiment: First, each factor in this algorithm unit is a key factor affecting soil erosion intensity. Multiplying them and taking square roots is to comprehensively consider the influence of these factors and obtain a comprehensive index that can fully reflect the soil erosion intensity, namely, the soil erosion intensity index TQ;

[0086] This algorithm unit takes rainfall intensity, soil type, terrain slope, and vegetation coverage into comprehensive consideration through an accurate mathematical model, and can accurately determine the amount of soil loss in a specific plot or region, providing detailed data support for soil and water conservation planning. In addition, for different soil types and rainfall characteristics, the basic assessment unit for the current soil and water loss status can reflect the differences in soil erosion under different conditions, providing a basis for formulating differentiated governance strategies.

[0087] The calculation of rainfall erosivity factor JY takes into account not only rainfall amount, but also rainfall intensity and rainfall duration, so as to fully reflect the impact of rainfall on soil erosion. Soil erodibility factor KQ is carefully classified and evaluated according to the physical and chemical properties of soil, including soil texture, structure, and organic matter content, so as to accurately reflect the sensitivity of soil to erosion. Topographic factor T uses high-precision DEM data and GIS technology to accurately calculate slope topographic parameters such as slope PD and slope length PC to reflect the accelerating effect of terrain on soil erosion. Vegetation coverage and management factor Z evaluates the inhibitory effect of vegetation on soil erosion through remote sensing monitoring and ground surveys, combined with information on vegetation type, coverage, and growth status.

[0088] The evaluation results of the soil erosion intensity index TQ not only provide a macro-level decision-making basis for policymakers, but also provide detailed governance plans for specific implementation departments, including determining key governance areas and selecting appropriate governance measures. Different governance priorities and governance goals can be formulated for plots with different erosion intensities to achieve optimal allocation and efficient utilization of resources.

[0089] See also Figures 1 to 3 , the calculation formula for evaluating the dynamic soil and water loss change trend unit is as follows:

[0090] LS=[(TQ-TQ old ) / TQ old ]×[1 / (t now -t old )]×100%;

[0091] in:

[0092] LS is the rate of change of soil erosion;

[0093] TQ old is the soil erosion intensity of the previous year;

[0094] t now is the current time point;

[0095] t old The time point is the previous year.

[0096] In this embodiment, [(TQ-TQ old) / TQ old ] This part calculates the nowda到 t old , the relative change in soil erosion intensity. If the result is positive, it means that soil erosion is increasing, and if it is negative, it means that soil erosion is slowing down;

[0097] This algorithm unit can monitor the soil erosion intensity at two time points regularly, such as each year and each quarter, and calculate its change rate, so as to grasp the dynamic changes of soil and water loss in real time. By using the time series analysis method, it can predict the trend of soil and water loss in the future and provide a time window for formulating countermeasures in advance.

[0098] By comparing the soil and water loss rate change rate LS before and after the implementation of soil and water conservation measures, the implementation effect of the measures can be accurately evaluated, including the speed and degree of slowing down soil erosion. The effects of different measures can be quantitatively compared and ranked, providing a basis for selecting the best measures.

[0099] This embodiment provides decision makers with more detailed decision-making information, including which areas need to be focused on and which measures need to be implemented first. In combination with GIS technology, it can visualize the spatial distribution of the soil and water loss rate change rate LS, providing decision makers with more intuitive and comprehensive decision support.

[0100] See also Figures 1 to 3 , the calculation formula for the soil and water conservation measures adjustment direction unit is as follows:

[0101] BCT = [(1-(LS / 100) -0.5 )]×(Z / Z old ) 0.25 ;

[0102] in:

[0103] BCT is the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor;

[0104] Z old It is the vegetation coverage and management factor of the previous year.

[0105] In this embodiment, the algorithm unit first, [(1-(LS / 100) -0.5 )] This part first calculates the difference between 1 and the soil and water loss rate change rate LS, and then takes the square root of the difference. This is done to perform a nonlinear transformation on the soil and water loss rate change rate LS, making the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT more sensitive to the change of the soil and water loss rate change rate LS. When the soil and water loss rate change rate LS is large, that is, soil and water loss is aggravated, the result of this part will decrease, thereby increasing the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT, indicating that soil and water conservation measures need to be strengthened;

[0106] (Z / Z old ) 0.25 The result of this part will be greater than 1, which will further increase the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT, indicating that vegetation protection and management should continue to be strengthened. On the contrary, if the vegetation coverage deteriorates, the result of this part will be less than 1. However, due to the previous [(1-(LS / 100) -0.5 )], the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT will still increase, but the increase will be suppressed;

[0107] This algorithm unit provides specific quantitative indicators for the adjustment of soil and water conservation measures through the calculation results of the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT, including the proportion and direction of the measures adjustment. For areas with different soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT values, specific adjustment plans can be formulated, including increasing vegetation coverage, building sand dams, and changing farming methods.

[0108] The soil and water conservation adjustment factor BCT not only takes into account the soil and water loss rate change rate LS, but also takes into account the improvement of vegetation cover, that is, Z / Z old , thus realizing a comprehensive evaluation of the soil and water conservation effect. By calculating the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT, the influence of various factors on the soil and water conservation effect can be comprehensively considered, providing a basis for formulating a comprehensive management plan;

[0109] The calculation results of the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT can guide the further optimization of soil and water conservation measures in the future and form a continuous improvement mechanism. With the implementation of governance measures and the improvement of the ecological environment, the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT value will change, thereby triggering a new adjustment and optimization process and forming a virtuous circle.

[0110] See also Figures 1 to 3 , soil erosion intensity TQ in the previous year old , at time point t in the previous year old , vegetation cover and management factor Z in the previous year old These are the corresponding values ​​obtained in the same region, location, and within the same year and time point;

[0111] The adjustment steps based on the provision of soil and water conservation measures adjustment direction unit and historical data are as follows:

[0112] S1. Extract vegetation coverage and management factor Z from the previous year from the storage module old The soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT of the previous year obtained in the same region, location, and time period old ;

[0113] S2. If the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT is higher than the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT of the previous yearold , it indicates that the rate of soil erosion is accelerating, and we should increase vegetation coverage, improve farming methods, and build soil and water conservation projects;

[0114] S3. If the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT is lower than the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT of the previous year old , it indicates that the rate of soil erosion is slowing down and should be maintained and continuously monitored.

[0115] In this embodiment, the algorithm unit is based on the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT and the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT of the previous year. old Comparison of the result values, generally speaking, the soil erosion intensity TQ of the previous year old , at time point t in the previous year old , vegetation cover and management factor Z in the previous year old and the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT of the previous year old It can be the corresponding value of a base year or the previous monitoring week, and the above values ​​must be from the same region and time to ensure the accuracy of current monitoring and adjustment direction;

[0116] Through the guidance of the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT, this algorithm unit continuously optimizes and adjusts soil and water conservation measures, forming a mechanism for continuous improvement. This improvement is not only reflected in the improvement of the measures themselves, but also in the accurate grasp of key factors such as soil erosion and vegetation coverage.

[0117] The circular impact mechanism enables soil and water conservation work to form a cumulative effect of long-term benefits. With the continuous implementation of governance measures and the continuous improvement of the ecological environment, soil erosion will be effectively controlled and vegetation coverage will be improved, thus achieving sustainable development of the regional ecological environment;

[0118] Based on the assessment results of cyclical impacts and the quantitative guidance of soil and water conservation adjustment factors BCT, decision makers can formulate more in-depth and scientific soil and water conservation strategies. These strategies will fully consider the interactions and cyclical impacts among soil erosion, vegetation cover and control measures, and ensure the effectiveness and pertinence of the measures.

[0119] For example 2, please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , based on the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT of the previous year old , there are two contrast situations as follows;

[0120] In the same year, select the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT of the previous year in different regions and plots old Make comparisons and evaluate the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in different regions;

[0121] Select the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT of the previous year in different years old Make comparisons and analyze the changing trends and effects of soil and water conservation measures over time.

[0122] In this embodiment, in the same year, comparing the soil and water conservation adjustment factors BCT of different regions or plots can bring the following effects:

[0123] By comparing the BCT values ​​of soil and water conservation measures adjustment factors in different regions within the same period of time, the implementation effects of soil and water conservation measures in each region can be intuitively evaluated. Regions with lower BCT values ​​of soil and water conservation measures adjustment factors indicate that soil and water conservation measures are more effective, while regions with higher BCT values ​​of soil and water conservation measures adjustment factors need to strengthen measures or adjust strategies.

[0124] The comparison results can also provide opportunities for regional experience sharing and reference. Regions with lower BCT values ​​and better soil and water conservation effects can share their successful experiences and practices to help other regions improve and upgrade.

[0125] Based on the comparison results, decision makers can allocate soil and water conservation resources more reasonably and devote more resources and attention to areas with higher BCT values ​​of soil and water conservation measures to improve soil and water conservation conditions in these areas;

[0126] The comparison results can also provide a basis for the government and relevant agencies to adjust policies. If it is found that soil and water conservation measures in certain areas are generally ineffective, relevant policies and standards need to be reviewed and adjusted.

[0127] Comparing the soil and water conservation adjustment factor BCT in different years can bring the following results:

[0128] By comparing the BCT values ​​of soil and water conservation measures adjustment factors in different years, we can analyze the changing trend of soil and water conservation measures over time. If the BCT value of soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor decreases year by year, it means that soil and water conservation measures are gradually achieving results. On the contrary, if the BCT value of soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor increases, it means that measures need to be further strengthened or strategies need to be adjusted.

[0129] The comparison results can also be used to evaluate the overall effect of soil and water conservation measures. By comparing the changes in the BCT value of the soil and water conservation adjustment factor before and after the implementation of the measures, it can be intuitively seen whether the measures are effective and the magnitude of the effect;

[0130] Based on the comparison results, decision makers can adjust soil and water conservation strategies in a timely manner. If it is found that some measures are not effective or the BCT value of the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor continues to rise, these measures need to be re-evaluated and adjusted to better adapt to actual conditions and needs;

[0131] Comparison of BCT values ​​of soil and water conservation adjustment factors between different years can also help establish a long-term monitoring and planning mechanism. By regularly comparing the changes in BCT values ​​of soil and water conservation adjustment factors, potential problems and risks can be discovered in a timely manner, providing strong data support and decision-making basis for future soil and water conservation work.

[0132] In summary, comparisons between different regions in the same year and between different years are important means of evaluating the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures. They not only help to understand the current soil and water conservation status and problems, but also provide strong support and guidance for the formulation and adjustment of future measures.

[0133] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A remote sensing dynamic monitoring method for water conservancy and soil erosion, characterized in that: The specific monitoring implementation steps are as follows: Use the data collection module to collect and pre-process remote sensing images, meteorological and soil monitoring data; Extract the historical data stored in the storage module, combine it with the current monitoring data, and substitute it into the comprehensive processing and evaluation module to obtain the soil erosion intensity index TQ, the soil and water loss rate change rate LS, and the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT; Based on the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT, formulate the adjustment direction and intensity of soil and water conservation measures; The comprehensive treatment and evaluation module includes a basic evaluation unit for the current soil and water loss status, a dynamic soil and water loss change trend evaluation unit, and a unit for providing soil and water conservation measures adjustment direction; The monitoring data and the measures for adjusting the direction and strength are stored in the storage module.

2. The remote sensing dynamic monitoring method for water conservancy and soil erosion according to claim 1 is characterized by: The equipment used in the data collection module includes remote sensing equipment, meteorological observation equipment and soil sampling and analysis equipment; The equipment used in the comprehensive processing and evaluation module includes data processing equipment; The devices used by the storage module include a server.

3. A remote sensing dynamic monitoring method for water conservancy and soil erosion according to claim 2, characterized in that: The calculation formula for the basic assessment unit of the current soil and water loss status is as follows: T = PC × PD; in: TQ is the soil erosion intensity index; JY is the rainfall erosivity factor, which reflects the potential of rainfall on soil erosion; KQ is the soil erodibility factor, and KQ reflects the sensitivity of soil to erosion; T is the topographic factor, which reflects the impact of topography on erosion; PC is the slope length, PD is the slope; Z is the vegetation coverage and management factor, which reflects the protective effect of vegetation on soil; BC is the soil and water conservation measure factor, and BC reflects the mitigation effect of human activities on soil erosion.

4. The remote sensing dynamic monitoring method for water conservancy and soil erosion according to claim 3 is characterized by: The slope length PC refers to the distance that water flows on the slope surface. The slope length PC affects the accumulation of water flow energy and the duration of erosion. The longer the slope length PC, the greater the energy accumulated by water flow during the flow process, and the stronger the erosion effect on the soil. The slope PD refers to the inclination of the slope surface. The slope PD determines the flow rate and direction of water on the slope surface. The larger the slope PD, the faster the water flow rate, and the more severe the scouring and erosion of the soil. The terrain factor T combines the slope length PC and slope gradient PD to reflect the comprehensive impact of terrain on soil erosion.

5. A remote sensing dynamic monitoring method for water conservancy and soil erosion according to claim 4, characterized in that: The calculation formula for evaluating the dynamic soil and water loss change trend unit is as follows: LS=[(TQ-TQ old ) / TQ old ]×[1 / (t now -t old )]×100%; in: LS is the rate of change of soil erosion; TQ old is the soil erosion intensity of the previous year; t now is the current time point; t old The time point is the previous year.

6. A remote sensing dynamic monitoring method for water conservancy and soil erosion according to claim 5, characterized in that: The calculation formula for providing the soil and water conservation measures adjustment direction unit is as follows: BCT=[(1-(LS / 100) -0.5 )]×(Z / Z old ) 0.25 ; in: BCT is the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor; Z old It is the vegetation coverage and management factor of the previous year.

7. A remote sensing dynamic monitoring method for water conservancy and soil erosion according to claim 6, characterized in that: The soil erosion intensity TQ of the previous year old , the time point t of the previous year old , the vegetation cover and management factor Z in the previous year old These are the corresponding values ​​obtained in the same region, location, and year at the same time point.

8. A remote sensing dynamic monitoring method for water conservancy and soil erosion according to claim 7, characterized in that: The adjustment steps based on the provision of soil and water conservation measures adjustment direction unit and historical data are as follows: S1, extracting vegetation coverage and management factor Z of the previous year from the storage module old The soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT of the previous year obtained in the same region, location, and time period old ; S2. If the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT is higher than the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT of the previous year old , it indicates that the rate of soil erosion is accelerating, and we should increase vegetation coverage, improve farming methods, and build soil and water conservation projects; S3. If the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT is lower than the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT of the previous year old , it indicates that the rate of soil erosion is slowing down and should be maintained and continuously monitored.

9. A remote sensing dynamic monitoring method for water conservancy and soil erosion according to claim 8, characterized in that: Based on the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT of the previous year old , there are two contrast situations as follows; In the same year, select the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT of the previous year in different regions and plots old Make comparisons and evaluate the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in different regions; Select the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT of the previous year in different years old Make comparisons and analyze the changing trends and effects of soil and water conservation measures over time.

10. A remote sensing dynamic monitoring method for water conservancy and soil erosion according to claim 2, characterized in that: The remote sensing equipment includes satellites, drones, and ground spectrometers for acquiring remote sensing image data; the data processing equipment includes high-performance computers, servers, and GIS software for data processing and analysis; the meteorological observation equipment includes rain gauges and weather stations for collecting meteorological data; and the soil sampling and analysis equipment includes soil drills and soil analyzers for acquiring soil data.

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