Method, device and equipment for evaluating passive radiation refrigeration potential of building and storage medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a building passive radiation refrigeration potential evaluation method, device and equipment and a storage medium, and relates to the technical field of building refrigeration, and the building passive radiation refrigeration potential evaluation method comprises the steps: obtaining a building three-dimensional model, meteorological data and radiation refrigeration material performance data in a preset range; performing region division on the building three-dimensional model according to a preset grid region division strategy to obtain a plurality of building grid regions; calculating environmental radiation data in a preset range according to the meteorological data and the building grid area; and according to the meteorological data, the environment radiation data and the radiation refrigeration material performance data, the building passive radiation refrigeration potential within the preset range is determined. The technical problem of inaccurate building passive radiation refrigeration potential evaluation can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of building refrigeration technology, and in particular to a method, device, equipment and storage medium for evaluating the passive radiant cooling potential of a building. Background Art

[0002] In the field of traditional building refrigeration, compression refrigeration technology is often used. This technology consumes a lot of high-grade electricity, which is not only costly, but also causes certain pollution to the environment. In addition, although building passive radiation cooling technology has the advantages of no energy consumption, no pollution, and simple structure, its application performance is limited by many factors, such as the optical properties of materials, meteorological conditions, and surrounding environmental shading. The complexity of related data acquisition and analysis is high, resulting in inaccurate assessment of the passive cooling potential of buildings.

[0003] Therefore, how to improve the accuracy of assessing the passive radiative cooling potential of buildings is an issue that needs to be addressed urgently. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of this application is to provide a method, device, equipment and storage medium for evaluating the passive radiant cooling potential of a building, aiming to solve the technical problem of inaccurate evaluation of the passive radiant cooling potential of a building.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present application provides a method for evaluating the potential of passive radiant cooling in a building, the method comprising:

[0006] Obtain the three-dimensional building model, meteorological data and radiation cooling material performance data within the preset range;

[0007] Divide the three-dimensional building model into regions according to a preset grid region division strategy to obtain a plurality of building grid regions;

[0008] Calculate the environmental radiation data within the preset range according to the meteorological data and the building grid area;

[0009] The passive radiative cooling potential of the building within the preset range is determined according to the meteorological data, the environmental radiation data and the radiative cooling material performance data.

[0010] In one embodiment, the step of obtaining the three-dimensional model of the building within a preset range includes:

[0011] Get building map data within a preset range;

[0012] Acquire building outline data according to the building map data to generate a two-dimensional building base;

[0013] Acquiring building height information according to the building map data;

[0014] A three-dimensional model of the building is obtained according to the two-dimensional base of the building and the building height information.

[0015] In one embodiment, the environmental radiation data includes sky openness and solar radiation intensity, and the step of calculating the environmental radiation data within the preset range according to the meteorological data and the building grid area further includes:

[0016] Determining an observation point according to the building grid area;

[0017] Determine the size of the unobstructed sky area within the building grid area according to the observation point and the preset sky position, and obtain the sky openness within the preset range;

[0018] The solar radiation intensity within the preset range is calculated according to the building grid area, the meteorological data and the size of the unobstructed sky area within the building grid area.

[0019] In one embodiment, the step of determining the size of the unobstructed sky area within the building grid area according to the observation point and the preset sky position to obtain the sky openness within the preset range includes:

[0020] Based on the observation point, generating a preset number of observation rays according to the direction of the sky position;

[0021] Traversing objects within the building grid area, and calculating intersection information between the objects and the observation ray;

[0022] According to the intersection point information, determining whether the observation ray is blocked, and obtaining the number of unblocked observation rays by counting;

[0023] The ratio of the number of the unblocked observation rays to the preset number is calculated to obtain the sky openness.

[0024] In one embodiment, the step of calculating the solar radiation intensity within the preset range according to the building grid area, the meteorological data and the size of the unobstructed sky area within the building grid area comprises:

[0025] Constructing a solar radiation model for the building grid area according to the building grid area, the meteorological data, and the size of the unobstructed sky area within the building grid area;

[0026] Calculating the solar radiation intensity of the building grid area according to the solar radiation model;

[0027] The solar radiation intensities of the plurality of building grid areas are aggregated to obtain the solar radiation intensities within the preset range.

[0028] In one embodiment, the step of determining the passive radiative cooling potential of the building within the preset range according to the meteorological data, the environmental radiation data and the radiative cooling material performance data further includes:

[0029] Calculating the radiative cooling net power within the preset range according to the meteorological data, the environmental radiation data and the radiative cooling material performance data;

[0030] generating a visualization view of the radiative cooling net power according to the radiative cooling net power and pre-acquired power visualization configuration data;

[0031] The passive radiation cooling potential of the building within the preset range is determined according to the visualization view.

[0032] In one embodiment, the meteorological data includes sky temperature, ambient wind speed and ambient temperature, and the radiation cooling material performance data includes the transmittance, emissivity, absorptivity, effective absorptivity of solar irradiance, material temperature and thermal performance parameters of the radiation cooling material.

[0033] The step of calculating the radiative cooling net power within the preset range according to the meteorological data, the environmental radiation data and the radiative cooling material performance data also includes:

[0034] Calculating the infrared radiation of the radiation cooling material according to the transmittance and the emissivity;

[0035] Calculating the atmospheric radiation received by the radiative cooling material according to the sky openness, the absorptivity and the sky temperature;

[0036] Calculating the solar radiation absorbed by the radiation cooling material according to the solar radiation intensity and the effective absorption rate of the solar irradiance;

[0037] Calculate the radiation absorbed by the surrounding building surfaces by the radiant cooling material based on the pre-acquired building surface thermal radiation characteristic data;

[0038] Calculating the convective heat transfer between the radiative cooling material and the surrounding environment according to the ambient temperature, the material temperature and the thermal performance parameter;

[0039] The radiative cooling net power within the preset range is calculated according to the infrared radiation of the radiative cooling material, the atmospheric radiation received by the radiative cooling material, the solar radiation absorbed by the radiative cooling material, and the convective heat exchange between the radiative cooling material and the surrounding environment.

[0040] In addition, to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application also provides a building passive radiation cooling potential assessment device, the building passive radiation cooling potential assessment device comprising:

[0041] An acquisition module is used to obtain a three-dimensional building model, meteorological data, and radiation cooling material performance data within a preset range;

[0042] A region division module, used for dividing the three-dimensional building model into regions according to a preset grid region division strategy to obtain a plurality of building grid regions;

[0043] An environmental radiation data calculation module, used to calculate the environmental radiation data within the preset range according to the meteorological data and the building grid area;

[0044] The building passive radiation cooling potential assessment module is used to determine the building passive radiation cooling potential within the preset range according to the meteorological data, the environmental radiation data and the radiation cooling material performance data.

[0045] In addition, to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application also proposes a building passive radiant cooling potential assessment device, the device comprising: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the computer program being configured to implement the steps of the building passive radiant cooling potential assessment method as described above.

[0046] In addition, to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application also provides a storage medium, which is a computer-readable storage medium, and the computer-readable storage medium stores a program for implementing the method for evaluating the potential of passive radiant cooling of a building, and the program for implementing the method for evaluating the potential of passive radiant cooling of a building is executed by a processor to implement the steps of the method for evaluating the potential of passive radiant cooling of a building as described above.

[0047] The present application provides a method for evaluating the passive radiant cooling potential of a building. The present application divides the three-dimensional model of the building into regions through a preset grid region division strategy. Based on meteorological data and building grid regions, the environmental radiation data within the preset range can be calculated. Combining meteorological data, environmental radiation data and radiant cooling material performance data, the external environmental factors, as well as the influence of building materials and design are fully considered, making the evaluation results of the passive radiant cooling potential of the building more accurate. According to the analysis results of the passive radiant cooling potential of the building, the optimal radiant cooling area can be determined quickly and effectively to make full use of passive cooling resources. At the same time, the method can also simulate and analyze the designed buildings, evaluate their radiant cooling performance, and optimize and improve them. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application.

[0049] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0050] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a process flow provided for Example 1 of a method for assessing the potential of passive radiation cooling of a building in this application;

[0051] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the process of analyzing the potential of passive radiation cooling of buildings according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 3 The building map data and building three-dimensional model diagram of the embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Figure 4 This is a visualization diagram of the passive radiation cooling potential analysis results of the embodiment of the present application;

[0054] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the module structure of the device for assessing the potential of passive radiation cooling of buildings according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0055] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the equipment structure of the hardware operating environment involved in the building passive radiation cooling potential assessment method in the embodiment of the present application.

[0056] The purpose, features and advantages of this application will be further described in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the technical solutions of the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0058] In order to better understand the technical solution of the present application, a detailed description will be given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0059] The main solution of the present application is: to obtain a three-dimensional building model, meteorological data and radiation cooling material performance data within a preset range; to divide the three-dimensional building model into regions according to a preset grid region division strategy to obtain multiple building grid regions; to calculate the environmental radiation data within the preset range according to the meteorological data and the building grid regions; to determine the passive radiation cooling potential of the building within the preset range according to the meteorological data, the environmental radiation data and the radiation cooling material performance data.

[0060] Traditional refrigeration technology in the building field consumes high-grade electricity to operate, while radiative cooling technology is considered to be a cost-effective solution for building cooling due to its advantages such as no energy consumption, no pollution, and simple structure. Radiative cooling technology has important significance and broad application prospects in energy conservation and environmental protection, and has become a research hotspot in the field of thermal regulation. Water vapor, carbon dioxide and ozone gases in the atmosphere have selective radiation absorption characteristics and have high transmittance in the 8-13 micron band, and the thermal radiation of room temperature objects is mainly concentrated in this band. Objects on the surface of the earth can exchange radiation with the outer space close to absolute zero through the "atmospheric window" in the 8-13 micron band, thereby obtaining cold. The application of radiative cooling in buildings can be divided into two categories: passive cooling and active cooling. Passive cooling is to directly cover the refrigeration material on the surface of the building to reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning by changing the thermal characteristics of the envelope structure; while active cooling is to use refrigerant and water pumps to form a fluid circulation to achieve a reduction in the overall energy consumption of the building. Passive cooling has a wider range of applications in cities due to its advantages such as energy saving and environmental protection, low installation and maintenance costs, and improved indoor comfort. However, the application performance of passive cooling will be affected by many factors, such as the optical properties of materials, meteorological conditions, and surrounding environmental shielding. From the current research, there are still few methods to evaluate the passive radiative cooling potential of building surfaces under comprehensive consideration of building environmental conditions, and there is a lack of key technical indicators that consider actual urban block applications, such as sky width (SVF). Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively consider multiple factors to predict the available passive radiative cooling potential in the research area, so as to provide a more accurate assessment of radiative cooling potential for building design and urban planning.

[0061] This application divides the building's three-dimensional model into regions through a preset grid region division strategy. Based on meteorological data and building grid regions, the environmental radiation data within the preset range can be calculated. Combining meteorological data, environmental radiation data, and radiation cooling material performance data, the application fully considers external environmental factors, as well as the influence of building materials and design, making the evaluation results of the building's passive radiation cooling potential more accurate. Based on the analysis results of the building's passive radiation cooling potential, the optimal radiation cooling area can be quickly and effectively determined to fully utilize passive cooling resources. At the same time, this method can also simulate and analyze designed buildings, evaluate their radiation cooling performance, and optimize and improve them.

[0062] It should be noted that the execution subject of this embodiment can be a building passive radiation cooling potential assessment system, or a computing service device with data processing, network communication and program running functions, such as a tablet computer, a personal computer, a mobile phone, etc., or a building passive radiation cooling potential assessment device capable of realizing the above functions, etc., and this embodiment does not specifically limit this. The following takes the building passive radiation cooling potential assessment system as an example of the execution subject to illustrate this embodiment and the following embodiments.

[0063] Based on this, this application proposes a first embodiment of a building passive radiation cooling potential assessment method, please refer to Figure 1 The building passive radiation cooling potential assessment method comprises steps S10 to S40:

[0064] Step S10, obtaining a three-dimensional building model, meteorological data, and radiation cooling material performance data within a preset range;

[0065] It should be noted that, refer to Figure 2 , a detailed building model that can be created through BIM technology or other 3D modeling software, which may include information such as the building's geometry, structure, and materials. The preset scope refers to a group of buildings in a specific geographic area, which may be in the same community, urban area, or a wider geographic area. Meteorological data includes ambient temperature, solar radiation, cloud coverage, and wind speed, etc., which are usually derived from weather stations or meteorological model forecasts and are used to evaluate the impact of the building's external environment on the building's internal environment. Radiative cooling material is a material that can efficiently dissipate heat into space in the form of radiation, and is usually used on the exterior walls or roofs of buildings. Its performance data includes emissivity, thermal conductivity, weather resistance, etc., which are used to evaluate the effectiveness of materials in practical applications.

[0066] Further, refer to Figure 3 , building map data can be obtained through Openstreetmap (OSM, Open Street Map). If you need to evaluate the passive cooling potential of a building, the preset range can be set to a 50-meter range centered on the building, obtain the building outline data of the building and its surrounding 50 meters, use Grasshopper (Grasshopper plug-in) to import the shapefile file (vector data file) of the building map data, and generate a two-dimensional building base. If the building map data shapefile file includes height information, then in Rhino (Rhinoceros 3D, Rhino software) pull up the building height according to the height information and the generated two-dimensional building base to form a three-dimensional building model.

[0067] Furthermore, weather data can be obtained by visiting the Energyplus website. On the homepage of the Energyplus official website, find a link with "Weather" or a similar name to obtain the weather data download page, directly search for the name of the city or region, and download the weather data within the preset range. In the Grasshopper interface, find the File path module by searching or browsing the component library, import the downloaded weather data path, and connect the output of this Filepath module to other components in Grasshopper, such as specific components of weather simulation plug-ins such as the Ladybug tool or Honeybee tool.

[0068] Step S20, dividing the building three-dimensional model into regions according to a preset grid region division strategy to obtain a plurality of building grid regions;

[0069] It should be noted that the building 3D model is segmented according to the preset grid area division strategy. The grid division can be uniform (such as each grid has the same size) or non-uniform (customized according to the building shape, function or analysis requirements). The location of the grid area division can be the building facade or roof, simplifying the complex building model into a series of manageable units, which is convenient for subsequent environmental radiation calculation and analysis.

[0070] Furthermore, the "Ladybug" plug-in can be used in the Grasshopper platform to perform a building area view analysis. Create or import a 3D building model within a preset range in Rhino, search for "Ladybug" or "LB View Percent" in the Grasshopper component library, find the corresponding battery and drag and drop it onto the canvas. Connect the imported 3D building model within the preset range to the input of the "LB View Percent" battery. In the battery settings, adjust the grid size to 1m*1m, or set the grid size according to the actual evaluation requirements.

[0071] Step S30, calculating the environmental radiation data within the preset range according to the meteorological data and the building grid area;

[0072] It should be noted that by using meteorological data and building grid areas, environmental radiation data such as solar radiation, sky radiation, and ground reflected radiation received by each grid area can be calculated. Observation points are selected within the building grid area or at key locations, and the occlusion of these observation points in different preset sky directions is analyzed through the three-dimensional building model to calculate the sky width (SVF), that is, the proportion of unobstructed sky view. Using meteorological data and constructing appropriate solar radiation models (such as the Perez model and the Hay-Davies model), according to the three-dimensional building model, meteorological data, and the size of the unobstructed sky area, the solar radiation model is selected and run to obtain the solar radiation intensity at each location in the area, and the radiation intensity values ​​within a specific range are summarized.

[0073] Furthermore, the calculation of sky openness and solar radiation intensity can be simulated in Grasshopper. After the simulation is completed, the "LB View Percent" cell will generate the results of the simulation analysis. Based on the simulation results, use Grasshopper's data management components (such as "Data Tree" or "Panel") to collect and organize the required data. You can use specialized components (such as "To Excel" or similar data export components) to export the data to Excel data files.

[0074] Step S40, determining the passive radiative cooling potential of the building within the preset range according to the meteorological data, the environmental radiation data and the radiative cooling material performance data.

[0075] It should be noted that meteorological and environmental radiation data (such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, cloud cover, sky openness, solar radiation intensity, etc.) and performance data of radiation cooling materials (emissivity, absorptivity, thermal conductivity) are used as inputs to calculate the net cooling power of radiation cooling materials under specific conditions through physical models and Python algorithms. Figure 4 After obtaining the net cooling power, the net cooling power of the radiant cooling material can be converted into visual elements (color, size, shape, etc.) through the preset visualization configuration data to generate visualization views (such as heat maps, contour maps, etc.) in order to evaluate the passive cooling potential of buildings using radiant cooling technology. Passive radiant cooling refers to a method of reducing the internal temperature of a building through architectural design, material selection and external environmental management without relying on mechanical refrigeration equipment. Radiant cooling materials can directly dissipate heat into space in the form of radiation, thereby reducing the surface temperature of the building.

[0076] The present application provides a method for evaluating the passive radiant cooling potential of a building. The present application divides the three-dimensional model of the building into regions through a preset grid region division strategy. Based on meteorological data and building grid regions, the environmental radiation data within the preset range can be calculated. Combining meteorological data, environmental radiation data and radiant cooling material performance data, the external environmental factors, as well as the influence of building materials and design are fully considered, making the evaluation results of the passive radiant cooling potential of the building more accurate. According to the analysis results of the passive radiant cooling potential of the building, the optimal radiant cooling area can be determined quickly and effectively to make full use of passive cooling resources. At the same time, the method can also simulate and analyze the designed buildings, evaluate their radiant cooling performance, and optimize and improve them.

[0077] In a feasible implementation, the step of obtaining the three-dimensional model of the building within a preset range may include steps S101 to S104:

[0078] Step S101, obtaining building map data within a preset range;

[0079] Step S102, acquiring building outline data according to the building map data, and generating a two-dimensional building base;

[0080] Step S103, acquiring building height information according to the building map data;

[0081] Step S104, obtaining a three-dimensional building model according to the two-dimensional building base and the building height information.

[0082] It should be noted that the preset range can be defined according to actual needs, such as an urban area, a block or a specific plot of land. The building map data within the preset range can be obtained by publishing the building map data of the local area through open source map websites, commercial map service providers or public institutions. The building map data may include geographic location information (such as latitude and longitude coordinates), building name, building type (such as residential, commercial, industrial, etc.), and the basic shape of the building. Figure 3 After obtaining the building map data, the contour data of each building is extracted. The contour data describes the boundary of the building in two-dimensional space. It is defined by a series of points (coordinates) or line segments as the projected shape of the building on the ground, i.e., the "base" of the building. Based on these contour data, a two-dimensional base map of the building can be generated. The height value of each building is extracted from the building map data. The height value may be given directly in numerical form or obtained by other means (such as estimation based on information such as building type and number of floors). After obtaining the two-dimensional base and height information of the building, the three-dimensional model of the building is constructed, which usually involves "stretching" the two-dimensional base to a height that matches the height information to create the three-dimensional shape of the building and obtain a three-dimensional model of the building.

[0083] In this embodiment, by obtaining building map data within a preset range, extracting building outline data, and generating a two-dimensional building base, the accuracy of the building model in two-dimensional space is ensured. The three-dimensional building model is further generated by the obtained building height information to more intuitively display the building layout, which is convenient for the subsequent evaluation of the building's passive radiation cooling potential.

[0084] In a feasible implementation manner, the environmental radiation data includes sky openness and solar radiation intensity, and step S30 may include steps S301 to S303:

[0085] Step S301, determining an observation point according to the building grid area;

[0086] Step S302, determining the size of the unobstructed sky area in the building grid area according to the observation point and the preset sky position, and obtaining the sky openness in the preset range;

[0087] Step S303, calculating the solar radiation intensity within the preset range according to the building grid area, the meteorological data and the size of the unobstructed sky area within the building grid area.

[0088] It should be noted that observation points are selected within each building grid area or at key positions of the building grid area (such as the center, edge, high point, etc.). The selection of observation points should take into account the position that can represent the overall occlusion situation of the grid area. Sky openness (SVF) is the proportion of the unobstructed view of the sky visible from a certain observation point, and its value ranges from 0 (completely blocked) to 1 (completely unobstructed). The preset sky position includes preset sky directions (such as east, south, west, north and equal points therebetween). The three-dimensional building model is used to analyze the occlusion situation of each observation point in each preset sky direction, calculate the size of the unobstructed sky area in each direction, and combine the sizes of the unobstructed areas in all directions to calculate the sky openness of the observation point.

[0089] According to the relevant meteorological data in the building grid area, including but not limited to the solar altitude angle, azimuth, cloud cover, atmospheric transparency, etc., an appropriate solar radiation model (such as the Perez model, the Hay-Davies model, etc.) is constructed, and the solar radiation intensity of each observation point or the entire grid area is calculated in combination with the sky openness and meteorological data. The solar radiation intensity of all observation points in the building grid area is added to obtain the solar radiation intensity in the building grid area.

[0090] Further, step S302 may include steps S3021 to S3024:

[0091] Step S3021, based on the observation point, generating a preset number of observation rays according to the direction of the sky position;

[0092] Step S3022, traversing the objects in the building grid area, and calculating the intersection point information between the objects and the observation ray;

[0093] Step S3023, judging whether the observation ray is blocked according to the intersection point information, and obtaining the number of observation rays that are not blocked by counting;

[0094] Step S3024, calculating the ratio of the number of the unblocked observation rays to the preset number, and obtaining the sky openness.

[0095] It should be noted that the observation point is a key position point (such as the ground, roof or other key layer) in the building grid area or in the building grid area. With the observation point as the vertex, multiple rays are uniformly emitted in the preset sky direction. The emission direction of the rays can be defined by polar coordinates or spherical coordinates. The more rays there are, the more accurate the calculation of sky openness is. The number of rays needs to be set to balance the calculation accuracy requirements and computing resources.

[0096] For each ray, a ray tracing algorithm can be used to check whether it intersects with a building model or other obstacles. For each emitted ray, the ray tracing algorithm needs to determine whether it intersects with any object in the scene. Traverse all objects in the building grid area of ​​the scene (such as building 3D models, trees, etc.) and check whether each ray has the possibility of intersecting with these objects. For objects that may intersect with the ray, the intersection point between the ray and the object is calculated, which usually involves solving the intersection point between the ray equation and the object's geometric shape equation (such as a plane, sphere, polyhedron, etc.). In order to improve efficiency, space partitioning techniques (such as octrees, KD trees, etc.) can be used to organize objects in the scene, so as to quickly exclude those objects that are obviously impossible to intersect with the ray. If the ray intersects with an object, it is recorded that the ray is blocked; if the ray does not intersect with any object, it is recorded that the ray is visible, and the area corresponding to the ray is the unobstructed sky area.

[0097] Finally, the number of unblocked rays among all emitted rays is counted, and the ratio of the number of unblocked rays to the total number of rays is taken as the sky width fraction (SVF) of the observation point.

[0098] Further, step S303 may include steps S3031 to S3033:

[0099] Step S3031, constructing a solar radiation model of the building grid area according to the building grid area, the meteorological data and the size of the unobstructed sky area in the building grid area;

[0100] Step S3032, calculating the solar radiation intensity of the building grid area according to the solar radiation model;

[0101] Step S3033, summarizing the solar radiation intensities of the multiple building grid areas to obtain the solar radiation intensities within the preset range.

[0102] It should be noted that it is necessary to integrate the geometric information of the building grid area (such as building layout, height, orientation, etc.), meteorological data (such as sun position, cloud cover, atmospheric transparency, etc.) and the size of the unobstructed sky area, and select a suitable solar radiation model based on the evaluation requirements and data accuracy. Common models include simple angle factor models, complex radiation transfer models (such as Hay-Davies model, Perez model, etc.) and hybrid models based on GIS and remote sensing technology. The integrated data is input into the selected model, and a mathematical model that can simulate the solar radiation distribution in the building grid area is constructed according to the algorithm and formula of the model. After the solar radiation model is run, the solar radiation intensity value of each position (or grid point) in the building grid area is output, which may include direct radiation, scattered radiation and total radiation, etc. The collected data is summarized according to the preset range, and the solar radiation intensity value of each grid area within the preset range is accumulated.

[0103] In this embodiment, by systematically determining observation points within the building grid area, a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the entire area can be ensured, and the selection of observation points can be adjusted according to actual needs to better reflect the shading and solar radiation characteristics of the area. By generating observation rays and detecting their intersection with objects within the building grid area, the size of the unobstructed sky area can be accurately calculated, and the obtained sky openness is used as a quantitative evaluation index, so that the sky visibility in different areas or at different time points can be directly compared. By integrating multiple factors such as the geometric information of the building grid area, meteorological data, and sky openness, and calculating the solar radiation intensity by constructing a solar radiation model, it is helpful to more accurately evaluate the solar radiation potential of different locations.

[0104] In a feasible implementation, step S40 may include steps S401 to S403:

[0105] Step S401, calculating the radiative cooling net power within the preset range according to the meteorological data, the environmental radiation data and the radiative cooling material performance data;

[0106] Step S402, generating a visualization view of the radiative cooling net power according to the radiative cooling net power and pre-acquired power visualization configuration data;

[0107] Step S403: determining the passive radiation cooling potential of the building within the preset range according to the visualization view.

[0108] It should be noted that meteorological data may include meteorological information such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and cloud cover that affect the effect of radiation cooling. Environmental radiation data include the calculated sky openness and solar radiation intensity, and may also include environmental radiation parameters from the sun or other celestial bodies that will affect the working efficiency of radiation cooling materials. Radiative cooling material performance data include the material's emissivity (ability to radiate energy within a specific wavelength range), absorptivity (ability to absorb solar radiation), and thermal conductivity, etc. Using meteorological data, environmental radiation data, and the radiation cooling material performance data as input, the preset physical model and Python algorithm are used to calculate the net cooling power that the radiation cooling material can achieve within a preset range under given meteorological and environmental radiation conditions.

[0109] The power visualization configuration data can be pre-set according to the actual evaluation requirements, defining how to convert the numerical information of the net radiant cooling power into visual elements (such as color, size, shape, etc.). Using visualization tools and techniques, the data of the net radiant cooling power is mapped to the predefined visual elements to generate a visualization view, which can be in the form of a heat map, contour map, 3D model, etc., depending on the configuration data and visualization objectives. Based on the information provided by the visualization view, the passive cooling potential of buildings within the preset range through radiant cooling technology is evaluated and determined. Visualization views such as Figure 4 As shown in the figure, by setting the corresponding relationship between color and the net power value of radiation cooling, a color cloud composed of different colors is displayed on the grid on the building surface to intuitively represent the net power P of radiation cooling at different locations. cooling .

[0110] Further, the meteorological data includes sky temperature, ambient wind speed and ambient temperature, and the radiative cooling material performance data includes the transmittance, emissivity, absorptivity, effective absorptivity of solar irradiance, material temperature and thermal performance parameters of the radiative cooling material. Step S401 may include steps S4011 to S4016:

[0111] Step S4011, calculating the infrared radiation of the radiation cooling material according to the transmittance and the emissivity;

[0112] Step S4012, calculating the atmospheric radiation received by the radiation cooling material according to the sky openness, the absorptivity and the sky temperature;

[0113] Step S4013, calculating the solar radiation absorbed by the radiation cooling material according to the solar radiation intensity and the effective absorption rate of the solar irradiance;

[0114] Step S4014, calculating the surrounding building surface radiation absorbed by the radiation cooling material according to the pre-acquired building surface thermal radiation characteristic data;

[0115] Step S4015, calculating the convective heat transfer between the radiative cooling material and the surrounding environment according to the ambient temperature, the material temperature and the thermal performance parameter;

[0116] Step S4016, calculating the radiative cooling net power within the preset range according to the infrared radiation of the radiative cooling material, the atmospheric radiation received by the radiative cooling material, the solar radiation absorbed by the radiative cooling material, and the convective heat exchange between the radiative cooling material and the surrounding environment.

[0117] It should be noted that the infrared radiation P of the radiative cooling material rad (T) is calculated according to the following formula:

[0118]

[0119] where τ c is the transmittance of the cover plate of the radiative cooling material, ε rc (λ) is the emissivity of the radiative cooling material measured in the laboratory, E bλ (λ,T) is the blackbody spectral radiation power at a specific temperature, calculated as follows:

[0120]

[0121] Where C1 is Planck's first constant, C1 = 3.743 × 108 W·μm 4 / m 2 , C2 is Planck's second constant, C2 = 1.439 × 104 μm·K;

[0122] Atmospheric radiation P received by the radiative cooling material atm (T a ) is calculated according to the following formula:

[0123]

[0124] in is the sky width fraction (SVF) of a point in the building grid area, which indicates the percentage of sky exposed at that point, α(λ, θ) is the absorptivity of the radiative cooling film, T sky is the sky temperature, which depends on local weather conditions and the specific location, ε atm (λ, θ) is the spectrally dependent atmospheric thermal emissivity, calculated as follows:

[0125] ε atm (λ,θ)=1-[1-ε atm (λ,0)] 1cosθ =1-[τ atm (λ)] 1cosθ

[0126] where τ atm (λ) is the atmospheric transmittance in the vertical direction, cc is the hourly cloud cover of the sky;

[0127] Solar radiation P absorbed by radiative cooling materials solar Calculated according to the following formula:

[0128] P solar =τ c Gα solar

[0129] Where G is the total power of solar radiation, α solar It is the effective absorption rate of the radiation cooling material to the solar irradiance projected onto the horizontal plane, which is calculated by the following formula:

[0130]

[0131] Among them I solar (λ) is the solar spectral irradiance;

[0132] The radiation P absorbed by the surrounding building surface sur Calculated according to the following formula:

[0133]

[0134] where ε sur is the equivalent directional emission spectrum of the surrounding building surfaces, T sur is the ambient temperature of the surrounding buildings, E bλ (T sur ) is the blackbody spectral radiation power of the surrounding building surface temperature;

[0135] Convective heat transfer between the radiative cooling material and the surrounding environment P loss Calculated according to the following formula:

[0136] P loss =h(T a -T)

[0137] Where T a is the temperature of the radiation cooling material, T is the temperature of the surrounding environment, and h is the total heat transfer coefficient between the radiator and the surrounding environment, which is calculated as follows:

[0138]

[0139] where d gap is the thickness of the air layer, d PE is the thickness of the PE cover sheet, K air is the thermal conductivity of air, K PE is the thermal conductivity of the PE cover sheet, h conis the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient, calculated as follows:

[0140] h con =2.5+2.0*V wind

[0141] Where V wind Represents the ambient wind speed.

[0142] According to the calculated radiation cooling material performance data, calculate the radiation cooling net power P cooling , as shown in the following formula:

[0143] P cooling =P rad (T)-P atm (T a )-P solar -P sur (T sur )-P loss

[0144] Where P rad (T) is the infrared radiation of the radiative cooling material, P atm (T a ) is the atmospheric radiation received by the radiative cooling material, P solar is the solar radiation absorbed by the radiative cooling material, P sur (T sur ) is the radiation absorbed by the radiant cooling material from the surrounding building surface, P loss It is the convective heat transfer between the radiation cooling material and the surrounding environment.

[0145] In this implementation, by comprehensively considering meteorological data, environmental radiation data, and radiation cooling material performance data, the net power of radiation cooling within a preset range can be accurately calculated, and the quantitative analysis provides an accurate data basis for subsequent decision-making. Using the pre-acquired power visualization configuration data, the complex data of the radiation cooling net power is converted into an intuitive and easy-to-understand visualization view. Based on the visualization view, the passive cooling potential of the building within the preset range can be systematically evaluated, which helps to more deeply analyze the cooling performance under different conditions. Through the evaluation, it is possible to analyze which areas or time periods are more suitable for the use of radiation cooling technology, or how to maximize the passive cooling effect by adjusting the building design or material selection.

[0146] The present application also provides a device for evaluating the potential of passive radiation cooling in a building. Figure 5 , the building passive radiation cooling potential assessment device comprises:

[0147] An acquisition module 10 is used to acquire a three-dimensional building model, meteorological data, and radiation cooling material performance data within a preset range;

[0148] A region division module 20 is used to divide the three-dimensional building model into regions according to a preset grid region division strategy to obtain a plurality of building grid regions;

[0149] An environmental radiation data calculation module 30 is used to calculate the environmental radiation data within the preset range according to the meteorological data and the building grid area;

[0150] The building passive radiation cooling potential assessment module 40 is used to determine the building passive radiation cooling potential within the preset range according to the meteorological data, the environmental radiation data and the radiation cooling material performance data.

[0151] The building passive radiation cooling potential assessment device provided in the embodiment of the present application adopts the building passive radiation cooling potential assessment method in the above embodiment, which can solve the technical problem of inaccurate building passive radiation cooling potential assessment. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the building passive radiation cooling potential assessment device provided in the embodiment of the present application are the same as the beneficial effects of the building passive radiation cooling potential assessment method provided in the above embodiment, and other technical features in the building passive radiation cooling potential assessment device are the same as the features disclosed in the above embodiment method, which will not be repeated here.

[0152] The present application provides a building passive radiant cooling potential assessment device, which includes: at least one processor; and a memory connected to the at least one processor in communication; wherein the memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor so that the at least one processor can execute the building passive radiant cooling potential assessment method in the above-mentioned embodiment 1.

[0153] Reference below Figure 6 , which shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a building passive radiation cooling potential assessment device suitable for implementing the embodiment of the present application. The building passive radiation cooling potential assessment device in the embodiment of the present application may include but is not limited to mobile terminals such as mobile phones, laptop computers, digital broadcast receivers, PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants), PADs (Portable Application Descriptions), PMPs (Portable Media Players), vehicle-mounted terminals (such as vehicle-mounted navigation terminals), etc., and fixed terminals such as digital TVs, desktop computers, etc. Figure 6 The building passive radiation cooling potential assessment device shown is only an example and should not bring any limitation to the functions and scope of use of the embodiments of the present application.

[0154] like Figure 6 As shown, the building passive radiation cooling potential assessment device may include a processing device 1001 (such as a central processing unit, a graphics processor, etc.), which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in a read-only memory (ROM: Read Only Memory) 1002 or a program loaded from a storage device 1003 to a random access memory (RAM: Random Access Memory) 1004. Various programs and data required for the operation of the building passive radiation cooling potential assessment device are also stored in the RAM 1004. The processing device 1001, the ROM 1002, and the RAM 1004 are connected to each other via a bus 1005. An input / output (I / O) interface 1006 is also connected to the bus. Typically, the following systems may be connected to the I / O interface 1006: input devices 1007 including, for example, a touch screen, a touchpad, a keyboard, a mouse, an image sensor, a microphone, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, etc.; output devices 1008 including, for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a speaker, a vibrator, etc.; storage devices 1003 including, for example, a magnetic tape, a hard disk, etc.; and communication devices 1009. The communication device 1009 may allow the building passive radiation cooling potential assessment device to communicate wirelessly or wired with other devices to exchange data. Although the figure shows a building passive radiation cooling potential assessment device with various systems, it should be understood that it is not required to implement or have all the systems shown. More or fewer systems may be implemented or have instead.

[0155] In particular, according to the embodiments disclosed in the present application, the process described above with reference to the flowchart can be implemented as a computer software program. For example, the embodiments disclosed in the present application include a computer program product, which includes a computer program carried on a computer-readable medium, and the computer program includes a program code for executing the method shown in the flowchart. In such an embodiment, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network through a communication device, or installed from a storage device 1003, or installed from a ROM 1002. When the computer program is executed by the processing device 1001, the above-mentioned functions defined in the method of the embodiment disclosed in the present application are executed.

[0156] The building passive radiation cooling potential assessment device provided by the present application adopts the building passive radiation cooling potential assessment method in the above embodiment, which can solve the technical problem of building passive radiation cooling potential assessment. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the building passive radiation cooling potential assessment device provided by the present application are the same as the beneficial effects of the building passive radiation cooling potential assessment method provided by the above embodiment, and other technical features in the building passive radiation cooling potential assessment device are the same as the features disclosed in the method of the previous embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0157] It should be understood that the various parts disclosed in this application can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof. In the description of the above embodiments, specific features, structures, materials or characteristics can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0158] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the present technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

[0159] The present application provides a computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program instructions (ie, computer programs) stored thereon, and the computer-readable program instructions are used to execute the building passive radiant cooling potential assessment method in the above-mentioned embodiment.

[0160] The computer-readable storage medium provided in the present application may be, for example, a USB flash drive, but is not limited to electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, systems or devices, or any combination of the above. More specific examples of computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to: an electrical connection with one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the above. In this embodiment, the computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in combination with an instruction execution system, system or device. The program code contained on the computer-readable storage medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to: wires, optical cables, RF (Radio Frequency), etc., or any suitable combination of the above.

[0161] The computer-readable storage medium may be included in the building passive radiant cooling potential assessment device; or may exist independently without being assembled into the building passive radiant cooling potential assessment device.

[0162] The computer-readable storage medium carries one or more programs. When the one or more programs are executed by the building passive radiation cooling potential assessment device, the building passive radiation cooling potential assessment device: obtains a three-dimensional building model, meteorological data, and radiation cooling material performance data within a preset range; divides the building three-dimensional model into regions according to a preset grid region division strategy to obtain multiple building grid regions; calculates the environmental radiation data within the preset range according to the meteorological data and the building grid regions; and determines the building passive radiation cooling potential within the preset range according to the meteorological data, the environmental radiation data, and the radiation cooling material performance data.

[0163] Computer program code for performing the operations of the present application may be written in one or more programming languages ​​or a combination thereof, including object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java, Smalltalk, C++, and conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as "C" or similar programming languages. The program code may be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a separate software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In the case of a remote computer, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or may be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0164] The flow chart and block diagram in the accompanying drawings illustrate the possible architecture, function and operation of the system, method and computer program product according to various embodiments of the present application. In this regard, each square box in the flow chart or block diagram can represent a module, a program segment or a part of a code, and the module, the program segment or a part of the code contains one or more executable instructions for realizing the specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the square box can also occur in a sequence different from that marked in the accompanying drawings. For example, two square boxes represented in succession can actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they can sometimes be executed in the opposite order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each square box in the block diagram and / or flow chart, and the combination of the square boxes in the block diagram and / or flow chart can be implemented with a dedicated hardware-based system that performs a specified function or operation, or can be implemented with a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0165] The modules involved in the embodiments described in this application may be implemented by software or hardware, wherein the name of the module does not constitute a limitation on the unit itself in some cases.

[0166] The readable storage medium provided in the present application is a computer-readable storage medium, which stores computer-readable program instructions (i.e., computer programs) for executing the above-mentioned building passive radiant cooling potential assessment method, and can solve the technical problem of inaccurate building passive radiant cooling potential assessment. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the computer-readable storage medium provided in the present application are the same as the beneficial effects of the building passive radiant cooling potential assessment method provided in the above-mentioned embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0167] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present application specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent processing scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the potential of passive radiative cooling in a building, characterized in that: The method for assessing the potential of passive radiant cooling in a building includes: Obtain the three-dimensional building model, meteorological data and radiation cooling material performance data within the preset range; Divide the three-dimensional building model into regions according to a preset grid region division strategy to obtain a plurality of building grid regions; Calculate the environmental radiation data within the preset range according to the meteorological data and the building grid area; The passive radiative cooling potential of the building within the preset range is determined according to the meteorological data, the environmental radiation data and the radiative cooling material performance data.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The step of obtaining the three-dimensional model of the building within the preset range includes: Get building map data within a preset range; Acquire building outline data according to the building map data to generate a two-dimensional building base; Acquiring building height information according to the building map data; A three-dimensional model of the building is obtained according to the two-dimensional base of the building and the building height information.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The environmental radiation data includes sky openness and solar radiation intensity. The step of calculating the environmental radiation data within the preset range according to the meteorological data and the building grid area also includes: Determining an observation point according to the building grid area; Determine the size of the unobstructed sky area within the building grid area according to the observation point and the preset sky position, and obtain the sky openness within the preset range; The solar radiation intensity within the preset range is calculated according to the building grid area, the meteorological data and the size of the unobstructed sky area within the building grid area.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The step of determining the size of the unobstructed sky area in the building grid area according to the observation point and the preset sky position to obtain the sky openness within the preset range includes: Based on the observation point, generating a preset number of observation rays according to the direction of the sky position; Traversing objects within the building grid area, and calculating intersection information between the objects and the observation ray; According to the intersection point information, determining whether the observation ray is blocked, and obtaining the number of unblocked observation rays by counting; The ratio of the number of the unblocked observation rays to the preset number is calculated to obtain the sky openness.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The step of calculating the solar radiation intensity within the preset range according to the building grid area, the meteorological data and the size of the unobstructed sky area within the building grid area comprises: Constructing a solar radiation model for the building grid area according to the building grid area, the meteorological data, and the size of the unobstructed sky area within the building grid area; Calculating the solar radiation intensity of the building grid area according to the solar radiation model; The solar radiation intensities of the plurality of building grid areas are aggregated to obtain the solar radiation intensities within the preset range.

6. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The step of determining the passive radiative cooling potential of the building within the preset range according to the meteorological data, the environmental radiation data and the radiative cooling material performance data also includes: Calculating the radiative cooling net power within the preset range according to the meteorological data, the environmental radiation data and the radiative cooling material performance data; generating a visualization view of the radiative cooling net power according to the radiative cooling net power and pre-acquired power visualization configuration data; The passive radiation cooling potential of the building within the preset range is determined according to the visualization view.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The meteorological data includes sky temperature, ambient wind speed and ambient temperature, the radiation cooling material performance data includes transmittance, emissivity, absorptivity, effective absorptivity of solar irradiance, material temperature and thermal performance parameters of the radiation cooling material, and the step of calculating the radiation cooling net power within the preset range according to the meteorological data, the ambient radiation data and the radiation cooling material performance data includes: Calculating the infrared radiation of the radiation cooling material according to the transmittance and the emissivity; Calculating the atmospheric radiation received by the radiative cooling material according to the sky openness, the absorptivity and the sky temperature; Calculating the solar radiation absorbed by the radiation cooling material according to the solar radiation intensity and the effective absorption rate of the solar irradiance; Calculate the radiation absorbed by the surrounding building surfaces by the radiant cooling material based on the pre-acquired building surface thermal radiation characteristic data; Calculating the convective heat transfer between the radiative cooling material and the surrounding environment according to the ambient temperature, the material temperature and the thermal performance parameter; The radiative cooling net power within the preset range is calculated according to the infrared radiation of the radiative cooling material, the atmospheric radiation received by the radiative cooling material, the solar radiation absorbed by the radiative cooling material, and the convective heat exchange between the radiative cooling material and the surrounding environment.

8. A device for evaluating the potential of passive radiation cooling in a building, characterized in that: The building passive radiation cooling potential assessment device comprises: An acquisition module is used to obtain a three-dimensional building model, meteorological data, and radiation cooling material performance data within a preset range; A region division module, used for dividing the three-dimensional building model into regions according to a preset grid region division strategy to obtain a plurality of building grid regions; An environmental radiation data calculation module, used to calculate the environmental radiation data within the preset range according to the meteorological data and the building grid area; The building passive radiation cooling potential assessment module is used to determine the building passive radiation cooling potential within the preset range according to the meteorological data, the environmental radiation data and the radiation cooling material performance data.

9. A building passive radiation cooling potential assessment device, characterized in that: The building passive radiant cooling potential assessment device comprises: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the computer program is configured to implement the steps of the building passive radiant cooling potential assessment method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A storage medium, characterized in that: The storage medium is a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the building passive radiant cooling potential assessment method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

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