City planning scheme optimization method and device based on climate environment risk assessment

Abstract

The invention discloses a city planning scheme optimization method and device based on climate environment risk assessment in the technical field of city planning, and the device comprises a climate environment monitoring device and an assessment planning system which are in signal connection. The climate environment monitoring device comprises a stand column, an accumulated water monitoring assembly, a terrain scanning assembly, a flight detection assembly, a wireless assembly, a fixed monitoring assembly and an electric control box, the electric control box is in electric signal connection with the terrain scanning assembly and the flight detection assembly, and the wireless assembly is in signal connection with the flight detection assembly. The invention provides a climate environment monitoring device capable of monitoring various climates and a method combined with an evaluation planning system, comprehensive monitoring of various climate environment elements is realized by establishing a plurality of base station devices, the data is integrated to the evaluation planning system for centralized processing, and a scientific and reasonable city planning optimization scheme is provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of urban planning, and in particular is a method and a device for optimizing an urban planning scheme based on climate environment risk assessment. Background Art

[0002] As global warming intensifies, climate change has had a profound and complex impact on the urban living environment. The frequent occurrence of extreme weather events, such as heavy rains, droughts, hurricanes, and heat waves, has brought many challenges to the lives of urban residents. Heavy rains not only cause urban waterlogging, traffic congestion, building damage, and sewer overflows, but extreme rainfall events are often accompanied by high-intensity water erosion, resulting in a large amount of surface soil being washed away, causing serious soil erosion. This situation not only aggravates the siltation of rivers and affects flood control and drainage capabilities, but may also lead to a decrease in foundation stability, causing geological disasters such as ground subsidence and collapse, and affecting the safety of residential buildings. In addition, when the precipitation intensity is low and the relative humidity of the atmosphere is high, particulate matter such as PM2.5 in the air is difficult to diffuse and remove, resulting in an increase in the concentration of pollutants, which in turn causes a decline in urban air quality, causing serious impacts on the health of residents, especially sensitive groups.

[0003] In order to deal with these urban living environment problems caused by climate change, the formulation of urban planning schemes must comprehensively consider various factors of climate and environmental risks. Therefore, through scientific planning scheme optimization methods, a scheme with high climate adaptability can be selected from multiple candidate schemes, thereby effectively alleviating the negative impact of climate change on the urban living environment.

[0004] However, in the existing urban planning technology system, there are many adaptability requirements for climate and environmental risk assessment. Specifically, when conducting urban planning, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive assessment of various climate environments such as rainfall, waterlogging, temperature and humidity, soil erosion, and atmospheric environment. This requires relying on monitoring data from multiple departments in the fields of meteorology, hydrology, and environment. Different departments independently monitor the corresponding climate and environmental conditions, and the standards and formats formed will be different, which will lead to difficulties in data integration and the formation of a unified assessment system, which in turn affects the selection of urban planning schemes. For this reason, it is urgent to propose a method and device for optimizing urban planning schemes based on climate and environmental risk assessment to solve the accuracy of risk assessment and the effectiveness of urban planning schemes under the dispersed influence of climate and environmental risk monitoring. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to propose a climate environment monitoring device that can monitor multiple climates, and a method of combining it with an evaluation and planning system. By establishing multiple base station devices, comprehensive monitoring of multiple climate and environmental elements can be achieved, and this data can be integrated into the evaluation and planning system for centralized processing, so as to propose scientific and reasonable urban planning optimization plans.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: an urban planning scheme optimization device based on climate and environmental risk assessment includes a climate and environmental monitoring device and an assessment and planning system, the climate and environmental monitoring device is connected to the assessment and planning system by signal, and the climate and environmental monitoring device includes a column, a water accumulation monitoring component, a terrain scanning component, a flight detection component, a wireless component, a fixed monitoring component and an electric control box;

[0007] The evaluation and planning system is used to receive the data transmitted by the climate and environment monitoring device and perform calculations;

[0008] The fixed monitoring component is used to monitor the environmental conditions within a preset range of the area where the column is located;

[0009] The flight detection component is used to release the drone, and is also used to perform environmental condition monitoring through the drone and measure the self-settlement height of the column;

[0010] The water accumulation monitoring component is sleeved on the column, the terrain scanning component is fixedly connected to the top of the column, the top of the terrain scanning component is fixedly connected to the flight detection component, one side of the flight detection component is fixedly connected to the wireless component, the electric control box is fixedly connected to the other side of the flight detection component, the fixed monitoring component is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the flight detection component on the same side as the wireless component, the electric control box is connected to the terrain scanning component and the flight detection component by electrical signals, and the wireless component is connected to the flight detection component signal.

[0011] The principle of the basic solution is: the water accumulation monitoring component is used to monitor the depth of ground runoff in real time; the terrain scanning component obtains the area and height from the ground in the area; the fixed monitoring component is responsible for continuous monitoring of the environmental conditions in a specific area, such as temperature and humidity, PM2.5 concentration, etc.; the electrical control box serves as the control center, responsible for the power supply and signal dispatching of each component.

[0012] The flight detection component is used to monitor environmental conditions in areas that are difficult to cover with fixed monitoring components; the wireless component is used to transmit its own location to the flight detection component, forming a linear ranging pair of positioning points between two adjacent wireless components. The flight detection component records the distance between adjacent wireless components and transmits it to the evaluation and planning system. By manually measuring the height of the wireless component from the ground using any climate and environmental monitoring device as a reference point, a ring monitoring network is formed between several climate and environmental monitoring devices through wireless components.

[0013] After receiving data from climate and environmental monitoring devices, the assessment and planning system uses algorithm models to conduct a comprehensive assessment of climate and environmental risks. By simulating and analyzing the adaptability of different planning schemes under different climate and environmental conditions, the assessment and planning system can select the urban planning scheme that best meets climate and environmental requirements.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: 1. By fixing various monitoring components on the climate and environmental monitoring device, an integrated climate and environmental monitoring network is constructed, which realizes comprehensive monitoring of various climate and environmental elements without the need for separate detection, thus improving the efficiency and accuracy of data acquisition. At the same time, the introduction of flight detection components means that the monitoring range is no longer limited to fixed sites, further improving the spatial coverage and accuracy of environmental monitoring data.

[0015] 2. The flight detection component determines the height of the climate and environment monitoring device in the initial state by measuring the distance between the wireless components on two adjacent climate and environment monitoring devices, and forms a circular monitoring network. According to the changes in the measurement data, it is determined whether the settlement is caused by the foundation settlement of the monitored climate and environment monitoring device or by soil erosion. The initial reference point is obtained by manually measuring the height position of the wireless component on any climate and environment monitoring device, which avoids the situation where the distance between adjacent columns remains unchanged when foundation settlement occurs simultaneously, thereby improving the detection accuracy.

[0016] 3. The evaluation planning system can automatically complete the data collection, integration, analysis and evaluation work, and the collected data are processed uniformly, avoiding the problem of differences in standards and formats, and greatly improving work efficiency.

[0017] Furthermore, the water accumulation monitoring component includes a collar and an electronic water gauge. The collar is slidably connected to the column, and the electronic water gauge is fixedly connected to the top of the collar.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: obtaining the measurement data of the runoff depth through the electronic water gauge; through the sliding connection design between the collar and the column, the electronic water gauge will not fall down due to the settlement of the column itself, thereby affecting the electronic water gauge's measurement of the runoff depth; and due to the sliding connection effect of the collar, its installation position on the column can be adjusted, so that the electronic water gauge can better adapt to slopes or uneven ground terrain.

[0019] Furthermore, the terrain scanning assembly includes a detection box, and a plurality of lifting assemblies are arranged around the detection box. The lifting assemblies all include a third motor, and the third motor is fixedly connected to the top wall of the detection box. The output shaft of the third motor is coaxially fixedly connected to a transmission rod, and a lifting door is fixedly connected to the transmission rod; a first motor is fixedly connected in the detection box, and the output shaft of the first motor is coaxially fixedly connected to a universal joint, and a laser scanner is fixedly connected to an end of the universal joint away from the first motor.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the basic solution are: the soil drop height and the approximate area of ​​the area can be obtained through the laser scanner; the universal joint can enable the laser scanner to realize multi-directional terrain scanning under the drive of the first motor, reducing the scanning blind area; the lifting door can be opened when the laser scanner needs to work, so that the laser scanner can perform three-dimensional scanning and imaging of the surrounding environment. The lifting door is closed when the laser scanner does not need to work to protect the laser scanner from external rain or flying stones and extend its service life.

[0021] Furthermore, the flight detection component includes a drone and a cuboid parking box with an opening on the top, a box cover is hinged on the top of the parking box, a charging base is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the parking box, and the charging base is used to charge the drone. The drone is provided with a mobile monitoring component, and the mobile monitoring component includes a gas analyzer and a wireless signaler;

[0022] A drive box is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the parking box, and a second motor is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the drive box. An L-shaped drive rod is coaxially fixedly connected to the output shaft of the second motor. The end of the drive rod away from the second motor extends to the outside of the drive box. A plurality of connecting rods are hinged at one end of the drive rod located outside the drive box, and ends of the connecting rods away from the drive rods are fixedly connected to the inside of the box cover.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the basic solution are: obtaining temperature, humidity and pollutant concentration values ​​outside the fixed range of the climate environment monitoring device, as well as distance measurement of wireless components through the drone; realizing the automatic opening and closing of the box cover through the L-shaped drive rod and connecting rod mechanism driven by the second motor, so that the parking box can provide power for the drone while providing a safe storage environment for the drone, avoiding damage to the drone due to bad weather or external factors when the drone is not in use.

[0024] Furthermore, solar panels are installed on both sides of the parking box along the width direction, the first motor, the second motor, the third motor, the charging base and the electric control box are all electrically connected to the solar panels, and the electric control box is signal-connected to the first motor, the second motor and the third motor.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the basic solution are: solar energy can be captured by solar panels and converted into electrical energy, providing a green and sustainable energy supply for the first motor, the second motor, the third motor, the charging base and the electric control box, saving city electricity consumption, and the first motor, the second motor and the third motor can be controlled to switch on and off at any time through the electric control box, thereby improving the flexibility of the entire device.

[0026] Furthermore, the fixed monitoring component includes an extension plate, an atmospheric shutter box, a temperature and humidity sensor, and a light rain gauge. The extension plate is fixedly connected to the lower part of the parking box on the same side as the wireless component, and the atmospheric shutter box, the temperature and humidity sensor, and the light rain gauge are all fixedly connected to the top of the extension plate.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: obtaining pollutant concentration data through atmospheric louvers, obtaining temperature and humidity data through temperature and humidity sensors, obtaining rainfall data through photosensitive rain gauges, and integrating and transmitting them to the assessment and planning system, providing a data monitoring basis for the calculation of comprehensive indexes for climate and environmental risk assessment.

[0028] The method for selecting urban planning schemes based on climate and environmental risk assessment includes the following steps:

[0029] Step 1: Establish base stations: Divide the target area into grid unit areas of similar area and number them, and establish signal-connected columns in each area as monitoring base stations;

[0030] Step 2, data acquisition: monitor the climate environment of the area based on the column, wherein the water accumulation monitoring component, terrain scanning component and fixed monitoring component on the column monitor the climate environment data that can be obtained within a fixed range of the area, the flight detection component is used to release the drone, and is also used to perform environmental condition monitoring through the drone, the flight detection component and the wireless component are connected by signal and obtain the foundation sinking height of the column itself; in addition to being used for mobile detection of environmental conditions outside the range of the fixed monitoring component, the flight detection component is also used to use the wireless component on each column as a positioning point, and form a linear distance measurement pair between any two positioning points, and manually measure the height of the wireless component on one of the columns from the ground as a reference point. A closed monitoring network is formed between several columns through the wireless components, and the flight detection component performs irregular measurements of the distance between the linear distance measurement pairs, and determines whether the sinking of the column is due to its own foundation settlement according to the changes in the ranging data of the wireless component;

[0031] Step 3, result calculation: The column transmits various climate and environmental data to the evaluation and planning system to calculate the climate and environmental conditions in the target area;

[0032] Step 4: Data screening: Select air quality, rainfall erosion factor and soil erosion rate from the climate and environmental conditions results as characteristic values ​​of urban planning calculation parameters;

[0033] Step 5: Risk assessment: Calculate the comprehensive index of the characteristic values ​​in multiple numbered areas. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0034] R=R AQI ×W i +R v ×W i +R d ×W i +R n ×W i ;

[0035] Among them, R is the comprehensive index of risk assessment, RAQI is the air quality index, R v is the soil erosion rate index, R d is the rainfall erosion factor, R n is the average value of temperature, humidity and runoff depth measured by the temperature and humidity sensors and electronic water gauge installed on the pillars in the numbered area, W i is the weight of each index;

[0036] Step 6, soil erosion comparison: Compare the calculated soil erosion height with the average soil drop height measured by the laser scanner, and further exclude areas where the average soil drop height measured by the laser scanner is higher than the calculated soil erosion height;

[0037] Step 7, optimal plan: Based on the comprehensive risk assessment index, the area with the smallest risk assessment index is selected as the urban planning target plan.

[0038] The beneficial effects of the basic plan are: 1. By establishing a network of climate and environmental monitoring devices and mobile monitoring of flight detection components, it is possible to obtain comprehensive and real-time climate and environmental data in the target area, including key indicators such as air quality, soil erosion, and rainfall erosion, providing a detailed data basis for the selection of urban planning plans.

[0039] 2. Comprehensively monitor multiple climate and environmental data on the same device, reducing the difficulty of integrating multiple data due to different standards during single monitoring, improving work efficiency, and forming a unified quantitative evaluation standard.

[0040] 3. Through the method of manual positioning, the circular monitoring network determines whether the foundation has settled while eliminating the error of adjacent columns settling at the same time but the distance between them remains unchanged.

[0041] 4. By measuring the changes in data, it can be determined whether the settlement is caused by the foundation settlement of the monitored column or soil erosion, thereby reducing the error in measuring the soil erosion height.

[0042] 5. By excluding areas where the average soil drop height measured by the laser scanner is higher than the calculated soil erosion height, areas with more serious soil erosion problems under non-rainfall erosion are filtered out and determined to be unsuitable for construction.

[0043] Further, in step 4, the air quality calculation formula is as follows:

[0044]

[0045] Where C is the average concentration of pollutants measured by the atmospheric shutter boxes installed on the columns and the gas analyzers carried by the drones in the numbered areas. The pollutants measured include fine particulate matter, inhalable particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and carbon monoxide. C highis the upper limit of the pollutant concentration measured in the numbered area, C low is the lower limit of pollutant concentration measured in the numbered area, I high For C high The index limit, I low For C low Index limit of ;

[0046] The calculation formula of rainfall erosion factor is as follows:

[0047]

[0048] Where P i is the monthly rainfall measured by the photosensitive rain gauge in the numbered area, and P is the annual rainfall measured by the photosensitive rain gauge in the numbered area;

[0049] The soil erosion rate calculation formula is as follows:

[0050]

[0051] Where S i is the land area measured by the laser scanner in the numbered area, T is the soil erosion time in the numbered area, and Δh is the average value of the height difference from the ground measured by the laser scanner in the numbered area during the erosion time.

[0052] The beneficial effects of the basic plan are: 1. The air quality calculation formula comprehensively considers the concentrations of various major pollutants, which can reflect the air quality conditions in the numbered areas and convert pollutant concentrations into a standardized air quality index, which is convenient for comparison and evaluation between different areas. Air quality is an important part of livability in urban planning, so it is taken as a characteristic value and given priority weighted consideration.

[0053] 2. The rainfall erosion factor and soil erosion rate can help to more accurately assess the severity and speed of soil erosion. As soil erosion is an important part of building construction in urban planning, it is taken into account as a characteristic value with emphasis on weighting.

[0054] Furthermore, in step six, the soil erosion height calculation formula is as follows:

[0055]

[0056] Among them, K is the soil erodibility factor in the numbered area, L is the plot length factor, S is the ground slope factor, C is the crop management factor, and P is the soil conservation measure factor;

[0057] The soil erosion height h is compared with the average value Δh of the height difference from the ground measured by the laser scanner during the erosion time.

[0058] The beneficial effect of the basic scheme is that the accuracy of the prediction model can be verified and calibrated by comparing the calculated soil erosion height h with the average height difference Δh actually measured by the laser scanner. This comparison allows the land use planning scheme to be flexibly adjusted according to the soil erosion risk of different areas and plots during the urban planning process, so that buildings can be built away from areas with more serious soil erosion.

[0059] Furthermore, the evaluation and planning system includes a device control module, an information collection module, an analysis and calculation module, and a risk evaluation and planning module.

[0060] Device control module, used for signal control of climate environment monitoring device to carry out environmental data monitoring activities;

[0061] An information collection module is used to receive climate and environmental data transmitted by a climate and environmental monitoring device and integrate various climate data;

[0062] The analysis and calculation module is used to analyze the climate and environmental data in multiple regions and select air quality, rainfall erosion factor and soil erosion rate as characteristic values;

[0063] The risk assessment and planning module is used to calculate the climate and environmental risk conditions in each region based on a comprehensive index to assist in urban planning.

[0064] The beneficial effects of the basic solution are: 1. The device control module can accurately control the operation of the climate environment monitoring device, reduce labor costs through automated control, and improve the efficiency and accuracy of monitoring work.

[0065] 2. The information acquisition module can receive data from multiple climate and environmental monitoring devices, covering a wide range of climate and environmental parameters, ensuring the comprehensiveness and real-time nature of the data. By integrating and transmitting multiple climate data during the monitoring process, the data island situation of single climate data monitoring is reduced, and the evaluation efficiency is improved.

[0066] 3. The analysis and calculation module focuses on in-depth analysis of climate and environmental data in multiple regions, especially selecting air quality, rainfall erosion factor and soil erosion rate as key characteristic values. These characteristic values ​​are selected based on their important impact on urban planning, making the analysis results more targeted and professional. Through precise calculations and model applications, the system can accurately evaluate the climate and environmental conditions of each region.

[0067] 4. The risk assessment and planning module conducts a quantitative assessment of the climate and environmental risks in each region based on the calculation of the comprehensive index. This assessment method can objectively reflect the risk level of each region. Through risk assessment, the system can clearly identify areas suitable for urban planning. Based on the risk assessment, the system selects suitable areas for urban planning. This planning method fully considers the climate and environmental characteristics of the region and ensures the rationality and feasibility of the planning scheme.

[0068] 5. The entire assessment planning system achieves unified automation and intelligent processing, avoiding assessment errors caused by inconsistent data standards due to collaborative monitoring by multiple departments, and greatly improving decision-making efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0069] Figure 1 It is a front cross-sectional view of a device for optimizing an urban planning scheme based on climate and environmental risk assessment in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0070] Figure 2 In the embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 Axonometric diagram of part A.

[0071] Figure 3 It is a front cross-sectional view of a drive box of an urban planning scheme optimization device based on climate and environmental risk assessment in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0072] Figure 4 In the embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 Side cross-sectional view of part B.

[0073] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the steps of the method for optimizing urban planning schemes based on climate and environmental risk assessment in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0074] The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: 1. column; 2. detection box; 3. lifting door; 4. laser scanner; 5. universal joint; 6. first motor; 7. electric control box; 8. box cover; 9. wireless component; 10. drone; 11. charging base; 12. parking box; 13. electronic water gauge; 14. drive box; 15. connecting rod; 16. driving rod; 17. second motor; 18. third motor; 19. transmission rod; 20. atmospheric shutter box; 21. extension plate; 22. temperature and humidity sensor; 23. light sensitive rain gauge; 24. solar panel; 25. collar. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0075] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0076] Embodiment 1:

[0077] Basically as attached Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown: a method and device for optimizing an urban planning scheme based on climate and environmental risk assessment, including a climate and environmental monitoring device and an assessment and planning system, wherein the climate and environmental monitoring device is connected to the assessment and planning system by signal, and the climate and environmental monitoring device includes a column 1, a water accumulation monitoring component, a terrain scanning component, a flight detection component, a wireless component 9, a fixed monitoring component and an electric control box 7;

[0078] The evaluation and planning system is used to receive the data transmitted by the climate and environment monitoring device and perform calculations;

[0079] The fixed monitoring component is used to monitor the environmental conditions within a preset range of the area where the column 1 is located;

[0080] The flight detection component is used to release the drone 10, and is also used to perform environmental condition monitoring through the drone 10, and to measure the self-settlement height of the column 1;

[0081] The water accumulation monitoring component is sleeved on the column 1 , and the water accumulation monitoring component includes a collar 25 and an electronic water gauge 13 . The collar 25 is slidably sleeved on the column 1 , and the electronic water gauge 13 is bolted to the top of the collar 25 .

[0082] A terrain scanning assembly is fixedly connected to the top of the column 1, and the terrain scanning assembly includes a detection box 2. A plurality of lifting assemblies are arranged around the detection box 2, and the lifting assemblies all include a third motor 18. The third motor 18 is bolted to the inner top wall of the detection box 2, and a transmission rod 19 is coaxially welded to the output shaft of the third motor 18, and a lifting door 3 is bolted to the transmission rod 19; a first motor 6 is bolted to the inside of the detection box 2, and the output shaft of the first motor 6 is coaxially bolted to a universal joint 5, and a laser scanner 4 is bolted to one end of the universal joint 5 away from the first motor 6.

[0083] The top of the terrain scanning component is fixedly connected to the flight detection component, and one side of the flight detection component is fixedly connected to the wireless component 9. The flight detection component includes a drone 10 and a rectangular parking box 12 with an open top. The top of the parking box 12 is hinged with a box cover 8, and the inner bottom wall of the parking box 12 is bolted with a charging base 11, and the charging base 11 is used to charge the drone 10. The drone 10 is provided with a mobile monitoring component, and the mobile monitoring component includes a gas analyzer and a wireless signal device for mutual transmission with the wireless component 7. A drive box 14 is bolted to the inner wall of the parking box 12, and a second motor 17 is bolted to the inner wall of the drive box 14. An L-shaped drive rod 16 is coaxially welded to the output shaft of the second motor 17, and the end of the drive rod 16 away from the second motor 17 extends to the outside of the drive box 14. The end of the drive rod 16 located outside the drive box 14 is hinged with a plurality of connecting rods 15, and the ends of the connecting rods 15 away from the drive rod 16 are welded to the inside of the box cover 8.

[0084] Solar panels 24 are installed on both sides of the parking box 12 along the width direction. The first motor 6, the second motor 17, the third motor 18, the charging base 11 and the electric control box 7 are all electrically connected to the solar panels 24. The electric control box 7 is bolted to one side of the parking box 12 along the length direction. The wireless component 9 is welded to the side of the parking box 12 away from the electric control box 7. The electric control box 7 is signal-connected to the first motor 6, the second motor 17 and the third motor 18.

[0085] The fixed monitoring component is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the flight detection component on the same side as the wireless component 9. The fixed monitoring component includes an extension plate 21, an atmospheric shutter box 20, a temperature and humidity sensor 22 and a photosensitive rain gauge 23. The extension plate 21 is welded to the lower part of the parking box 12 on the same side as the wireless component 9. The atmospheric shutter box 20, the temperature and humidity sensor 22 and the photosensitive rain gauge 23 are all bolted to the top of the extension plate 21.

[0086] The electric control box 7 is bolted to the other side of the parking box 12 , the electric control box 7 is connected to the laser scanner 4 and the drone 10 via electrical signals, and the wireless component 9 is connected to the drone 10 via signals.

[0087] The method for selecting urban planning schemes based on climate and environmental risk assessment includes the following steps:

[0088] Step 1: Establishing a base station: Divide the target area into grid unit areas of similar area and number them, and establish a signal-connected column 1 in each area as a monitoring base station;

[0089] Step 2, data acquisition: based on the column 1, the climate environment of the area is monitored, wherein the water accumulation monitoring component, terrain scanning component and fixed monitoring component on the column 1 monitor the climate environment data that can be obtained within the fixed range of the area, and the flight detection component is used to mobilely obtain climate environment data outside the range of the climate environment monitoring device. The flight detection component is used to release the drone 10, and is also used to perform environmental condition monitoring through the drone 10. The signal between the flight detection component and the wireless component 9 is connected and the foundation sinking height of the column 1 itself is obtained; in addition to being used for mobile detection of environmental conditions outside the range of the fixed monitoring component, the flight detection component is also used to use the wireless component 9 on each column 1 as a positioning point, and a linear distance measurement pair is formed between any two positioning points. The height of the wireless component on one of the columns 1 from the ground is manually measured as a reference point. A closed monitoring network is formed between several columns 1 through the wireless component 9. The flight detection component performs irregular measurements on the distance between the linear distance measurement pairs, and determines whether the sinking of the column 1 is due to its own foundation settlement based on the changes in the ranging data of the wireless component.

[0090] Step 3, result calculation: Column 1 transmits various climate and environmental data to the evaluation and planning system to calculate the climate and environmental conditions in the target area;

[0091] Step 4: Data screening: Select air quality, rainfall erosion factor and soil erosion rate from the climate and environmental conditions results as characteristic values ​​of urban planning calculation parameters;

[0092] The air quality calculation formula is as follows:

[0093]

[0094] Where C is the average concentration of pollutants measured by the atmospheric shutter box 20 installed on the column 1 and the gas analyzer carried by the drone 10 in the numbered area. The measured pollutants include fine particulate matter, inhalable particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and carbon monoxide. C high is the upper limit of the pollutant concentration measured in the numbered area, C low is the lower limit of pollutant concentration measured in the numbered area, I high For C high The index limit, I low For C low Index limit of ;

[0095] The calculation formula of rainfall erosion factor is as follows:

[0096]

[0097] Where Pi is the monthly rainfall measured by the photosensitive rain gauge 23 in the numbered area, and P is the annual rainfall measured by the photosensitive rain gauge 23 in the numbered area;

[0098] The soil erosion rate calculation formula is as follows:

[0099]

[0100] Where S i is the land area measured by the laser scanner 4 in the numbered area, T is the soil erosion time in the numbered area, and Δh is the average value of the height difference from the ground measured by the laser scanner 4 in the numbered area during the erosion time;

[0101] Step 5: Risk assessment: Calculate the comprehensive index of the characteristic values ​​in multiple numbered areas. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0102] R=R AQI ×W i +R v ×W i +R d ×W i +R n ×W i ;

[0103] Among them, R is the comprehensive index of risk assessment, R AQI is the air quality index, Rv is the soil erosion rate index, R d is the rainfall erosion factor, R n is the average value of temperature, humidity and runoff depth measured by the temperature and humidity sensor 22 and the electronic water gauge 13 installed on the column 1 in the numbered area, W i is the weight of each index;

[0104] Step 6, soil erosion comparison: Compare the soil erosion height calculation with the average soil drop height measured by the laser scanner 4. The soil erosion height calculation formula is as follows:

[0105]

[0106] Among them, K is the soil erodibility factor in the numbered area, L is the plot length factor, S is the ground slope factor, C is the crop management factor, and P is the soil conservation measure factor;

[0107] The soil erosion height h is compared with the average value Δh of the height difference from the ground measured by the laser scanner 4 during the erosion time, and the area where the average soil drop height measured by the laser scanner 4 is higher than the calculated result of the soil erosion height is further excluded;

[0108] Step 7, optimal plan: Based on the comprehensive risk assessment index, the area with the smallest risk assessment index is selected as the urban planning target plan.

[0109] The specific implementation process is as follows: first, the column 1 is established as a base station in the grid unit area, the bottom of the column 1 is buried in the soil and the foundation at the location of the column 1 is compacted to minimize the probability of foundation sinking, prevent the column 1 from tilting, and minimize the impact on soil erosion measurement data. The ring 25 is fixed at the junction of the column 1 and the soil surface, and then the electronic water level 13 is installed on the ring 25. The ring 25 is fixedly connected to the soil surface and slidably connected to the column 1 to prevent the sinking of the column 1 from affecting the electronic water level 13's measurement of the soil surface runoff depth. The water accumulation monitoring component, terrain scanning component, flight detection component, wireless component 9 and fixed monitoring component on the column 1 are started through the evaluation planning system.

[0110] In terms of fixed monitoring on the column 1, the runoff depth, air quality and temperature and humidity data in the area are monitored in real time by the electronic water gauge 13, the atmospheric shutter box 20 and the temperature and humidity sensor 22, and transmitted to the evaluation and planning system for integration; the optical rain gauge 23 collects rainfall data in units of months and years, and transmits it to the evaluation and planning system to determine the calculation data of the rainfall erosion factor; the soil height in the area where the column 1 is located is scanned by the laser scanner 4 in units of months and years, and transmitted to the evaluation and planning system to form a three-dimensional image, and then the soil erosion height is obtained. When the laser scanner 4 is working, the lifting door 3 on the side walls of the detection box 2 rotates and unfolds under the drive of the third motor 18, and the universal joint 5 drives the laser scanner 4 to perform circumferential terrain scanning under the drive of the first motor 6. When the laser scanner 4 does not need to work, the lifting door 3 is closed to prevent the laser scanner 4 in the detection box 2 from being affected by external rain and flying stones to shorten its service life.

[0111] In terms of dynamic monitoring, the drone 10 is located on the charging base 11 in the parking box 12 when it is not in operation, and the solar panel 24 provides power for the drone 10. When the concentration of atmospheric pollutants outside the range of the column 1 is needed to calculate the air quality, the electrical control box 7 drives the second motor 17 to open the box cover 8 and start the drone 10 to take off to collect atmospheric pollutant concentration data. The wireless receiver on the drone 10 cooperates with the ground wireless component 9 to form a ring monitoring network, and regularly measures the distance between each monitoring point to evaluate the foundation settlement, and combines the soil erosion height to determine whether it is caused by the column 1 or natural soil erosion, thereby reducing calculation errors.

[0112] Column 1 transmits the collected climate and environmental data to the evaluation and planning system. The system processes and analyzes the collected data according to the preset algorithm, calculates the climate and environmental conditions in the target area, selects air quality, rainfall erosion factor and soil erosion rate from the processing results as the characteristic values ​​of urban planning calculation parameters, integrates the characteristic values ​​in multiple numbered areas, and uses the comprehensive index calculation formula to obtain the comprehensive risk assessment index of each area. During the evaluation process, the weight of each index is considered to ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the evaluation results. The calculation results are compared with the soil drop height measured by the laser scanner 4 to further verify and correct the evaluation results of the soil erosion rate to determine whether the area is suitable for building construction.

[0113] Based on the comparison between the comprehensive risk assessment index and soil erosion height, the area with the smallest risk assessment index and soil subsidence height within the range of soil erosion height is selected as the preferred option for urban planning.

[0114] Embodiment 2:

[0115] The difference from the above embodiment is that the evaluation and planning system includes a device control module, an information collection module, an analysis and calculation module, and a risk evaluation and planning module.

[0116] Device control module, used for signal control of climate environment monitoring device to carry out environmental data monitoring activities;

[0117] The information collection module is used to receive the climate and environment data of the area where the climate and environment monitoring device is located, and integrate various climate data;

[0118] The analysis and calculation module is used to analyze the climate and environmental data in multiple regions and select air quality, rainfall erosion factor and soil erosion rate as characteristic values;

[0119] The risk assessment and planning module is used to calculate the climate and environmental risk conditions in each region based on a comprehensive index to assist in urban planning.

[0120] The specific implementation process is as follows: The device control module can accurately control the operation of the climate and environment monitoring device. Through automatic control, it reduces labor costs and improves the efficiency and accuracy of monitoring work. The information acquisition module can receive data from multiple climate and environment monitoring devices. By integrating and transmitting multiple climate data during the monitoring process, it reduces the cumbersome process of monitoring a single climate data and improves the evaluation efficiency; the analysis and calculation module focuses on in-depth analysis of climate and environment data in multiple regions, especially selecting air quality, rainfall erosion factor and soil erosion rate as key characteristic values. The selection of these characteristic values ​​is based on their important impact on urban planning, making the analysis results more targeted and professional; the risk assessment and planning module quantitatively evaluates the climate and environment risks in each region based on the calculation of the comprehensive index. This evaluation method can objectively reflect the risk level of each region. Through risk assessment, the system can clearly identify areas suitable for urban planning. Based on risk assessment, the system selects suitable areas for urban planning. This planning method fully takes into account the climate and environment characteristics of the region and ensures the rationality and feasibility of the planning scheme.

[0121] The entire assessment and planning system achieves unified automation and intelligent processing, avoiding assessment errors caused by inconsistent data standards due to collaborative monitoring among multiple departments, and greatly improving decision-making efficiency.

[0122] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0123] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention. The common sense such as the known specific structure and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. The ordinary technicians in the relevant field know all the common technical knowledge in the technical field of the invention before the application date or priority date, can obtain all the existing technologies in the field, and have the ability to apply the conventional experimental means before that date. The ordinary technicians in the relevant field can improve and implement this scheme in combination with their own abilities under the enlightenment given by this application. Some typical known structures or known methods should not become obstacles for ordinary technicians in the relevant field to implement this application. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, which will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The protection scope required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. An urban planning scheme optimization device based on climate and environmental risk assessment, characterized in that: It comprises a climate environment monitoring device and an evaluation and planning system, wherein the climate environment monitoring device is connected to the evaluation and planning system by signals, and the climate environment monitoring device comprises a column (1), a water accumulation monitoring component, a terrain scanning component, a flight detection component, a wireless component (9), a fixed monitoring component and an electric control box (7); The evaluation and planning system is used to receive the data transmitted by the climate and environment monitoring device and perform calculations; The fixed monitoring component is used to monitor the environmental conditions within a preset range of the area where the column (1) is located; The flight detection component is used to release the drone (10), and is also used to perform environmental condition monitoring through the drone (10), and to measure the self-settlement height of the column (1); The water accumulation monitoring component is sleeved on the column (1), the terrain scanning component is fixedly connected to the top of the column (1), the top of the terrain scanning component is fixedly connected to the flight detection component, one side of the flight detection component is fixedly connected to the wireless component (9), the electric control box (7) is fixedly connected to the other side of the flight detection component, the fixed monitoring component is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the flight detection component on the same side as the wireless component (9), the electric control box (7) is connected to the terrain scanning component and the flight detection component by electrical signals, and the wireless component (9) is connected to the flight detection component by signal.

2. The urban planning scheme optimization device based on climate and environmental risk assessment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water accumulation monitoring component comprises a collar (25) and an electronic water gauge (13); the collar (25) is slidably sleeved with the column (1), and the electronic water gauge (13) is fixedly connected to the top of the collar (25).

3. The urban planning scheme optimization device based on climate and environmental risk assessment according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The terrain scanning assembly comprises a detection box (2), wherein a plurality of lifting assemblies are arranged around the detection box (2), wherein the lifting assemblies comprise a third motor (18), wherein the third motor (18) is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the detection box (2), wherein the output shaft of the third motor (18) is coaxially fixedly connected to a transmission rod (19), wherein a lifting door (3) is fixedly connected to the transmission rod (19); wherein a first motor (6) is fixedly connected inside the detection box (2), wherein the output shaft of the first motor (6) is coaxially fixedly connected to a universal joint (5), wherein an end of the universal joint (5) away from the first motor (6) is fixedly connected to a laser scanner (4).

4. The urban planning scheme optimization device based on climate and environmental risk assessment according to claim 3 is characterized by: The flight detection component comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle (10) and a cuboid parking box (12) with an opening on the top, the parking box (12) having a box cover (8) hinged on the top, a charging base (11) fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the parking box (12), the charging base (11) being used to charge the unmanned aerial vehicle (10), and a mobile monitoring component being provided on the unmanned aerial vehicle (10), the mobile monitoring component comprising a gas analyzer and a wireless signal device; The inner wall of the parking box (12) is fixedly connected to a driving box (14), the inner wall of the driving box (14) is fixedly connected to a second motor (17), an L-shaped driving rod (16) is coaxially fixedly connected to the output shaft of the second motor (17), one end of the driving rod (16) away from the second motor (17) extends to the outside of the driving box (14), one end of the driving rod (16) located outside the driving box (14) is hinged to a plurality of connecting rods (15), and one end of the connecting rod (15) away from the driving rod (16) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the box cover (8).

5. The urban planning scheme optimization device based on climate and environmental risk assessment according to claim 4 is characterized in that: Solar panels (24) are installed on both sides of the parking box (12) along the width direction; the first motor (6), the second motor (17), the third motor (18), the charging base (11) and the electric control box (7) are all electrically connected to the solar panels (24); and the electric control box (7) is signal-connected to the first motor (6), the second motor (17) and the third motor (18).

6. The urban planning scheme optimization device based on climate and environmental risk assessment according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The fixed monitoring component comprises an extension plate (21), an atmospheric shutter box (20), a temperature and humidity sensor (22) and a light-sensitive rain gauge (23); the extension plate (21) is fixedly connected to the lower part of the parking box (12) on the same side as the wireless component (9); the atmospheric shutter box (20), the temperature and humidity sensor (22) and the light-sensitive rain gauge (23) are all fixedly connected to the top of the extension plate (21).

7. A method for optimizing urban planning schemes based on climate and environmental risk assessment, based on the method of the device for optimizing urban planning schemes based on climate and environmental risk assessment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Establishing a base station: Divide the target area into grid unit areas of similar area and number them, and establish a signal-connected column (1) in each area as a monitoring base station; Step 2, data acquisition: based on the column (1), the climate environment of the area is monitored, wherein the water accumulation monitoring component, the terrain scanning component and the fixed monitoring component on the column (1) monitor the climate environment data that can be obtained within the fixed range of the area, the flight detection component is used to release the drone (10), and is also used to perform environmental condition monitoring through the drone (10), and the flight detection component and the wireless component (9) are connected by signal and obtain the foundation sinking height of the column (1) itself; in addition to being used for mobile detection of environmental conditions outside the range of the fixed monitoring component, the flight detection component is also used to use the wireless component (9) on each column (1) as a positioning point, and form a linear distance measurement pair between any two positioning points, and manually measure the height of the wireless component (9) on one of the columns (1) from the ground as a reference point, and form a closed monitoring network between the columns (1) through the wireless components (9), and the flight detection component performs irregular measurements of the distance between the linear distance measurement pairs, and judges whether the sinking of the column (1) is due to the settlement of its own foundation according to the change of the distance measurement data of the wireless component (9); Step 3, result calculation: Column (1) transmits various climate and environmental data to the evaluation and planning system to calculate the climate and environmental conditions in the target area; Step 4: Data screening: Select air quality, rainfall erosion factor and soil erosion rate from the climate and environmental conditions results as characteristic values ​​of urban planning calculation parameters; Step 5: Risk assessment: Calculate the comprehensive index of the characteristic values ​​in multiple numbered areas. The calculation formula is as follows: R=R AQI ×W i +R v ×W i +R d ×W i +R n ×W i ; Among them, R is the comprehensive index of risk assessment, R AQI is the air quality index, R v is the soil erosion rate index, R d is the rainfall erosion factor, R n is the average value of temperature, humidity and runoff depth measured by the temperature and humidity sensor (22) and the electronic water gauge (13) installed on the column (1) in the numbered area, W i is the weight of each index; Step 6, soil erosion comparison: Compare the calculated soil erosion height with the average soil drop height measured by the laser scanner (4), and further exclude areas where the average soil drop height measured by the laser scanner (4) is higher than the calculated soil erosion height; Step 7, optimal plan: Based on the comprehensive risk assessment index, the area with the smallest risk assessment index is selected as the urban planning target plan.

8. The method for optimizing urban planning schemes based on climate and environmental risk assessment according to claim 7 is characterized in that: In step 4, the air quality calculation formula is as follows: Wherein C is the average value of pollutant concentration measured by the atmospheric shutter box (20) installed on the column (1) in the numbered area and the gas analyzer carried by the drone (10), and the measured pollutants include fine particulate matter, inhalable particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and carbon monoxide, C high is the upper limit of the pollutant concentration measured in the numbered area, C low is the lower limit of pollutant concentration measured in the numbered area, I high For C high The index limit, I low For C low Index limit of ; The calculation formula of rainfall erosion factor is as follows: Where P i is the monthly rainfall measured by the light-sensitive rain gauge (23) in the numbered area, and P is the annual rainfall measured by the light-sensitive rain gauge (23) in the numbered area; The soil erosion rate calculation formula is as follows: Where S i is the land area measured by the laser scanner (4) in the numbered area, T is the soil erosion time in the numbered area, and Δh is the average value of the height difference from the ground measured by the laser scanner (4) in the numbered area during the erosion time.

9. The method for optimizing urban planning schemes based on climate and environmental risk assessment according to claim 8 is characterized in that: In step 6, the soil erosion height calculation formula is as follows: Among them, K is the soil erodibility factor in the numbered area, L is the plot length factor, S is the ground slope factor, C is the crop management factor, and P is the soil conservation measure factor; The soil erosion height h is compared with the average value Δh of the height difference from the ground measured by the laser scanner (4) during the erosion time.

10. The urban planning scheme optimization device based on climate and environmental risk assessment according to claim 9 is characterized in that: The assessment and planning system includes a device control module, an information collection module, an analysis and calculation module, and a risk assessment and planning module. Device control module, used for signal control of climate environment monitoring device to carry out environmental data monitoring activities; An information collection module is used to receive climate and environmental data transmitted by a climate and environmental monitoring device and integrate various climate data; The analysis and calculation module is used to analyze the climate and environmental data in multiple regions and select air quality, rainfall erosion factor and soil erosion rate as characteristic values; The risk assessment and planning module is used to calculate the climate and environmental risk conditions in each region based on a comprehensive index to assist in urban planning.

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