Limestone mine slope monitoring and early warning device and system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mine engineering, and discloses a limestone mine slope monitoring and early warning device and system, and the device comprises a transmission rod which serves as an equipment bearing main body and is used for protecting the built-in equipment connection line; the GNSS cabinet is mounted on the left side of the transmission rod and used for monitoring slope data; the metering hopper is mounted on the front side of the transmission rod and is used for metering the rainfall; a warning lamp which is installed at the top of the GNSS cabinet and is used for turning on a corresponding early warning prompt lamp according to the calculation data; and the signal transceiver is mounted on the outer wall of the transmission rod and is used for remotely transmitting signals obtained by the equipment. Through real-time monitoring of the GNSS receiver, the tilt angle sensor and the crack sensor, and in combination with a strength reduction method and finite element analysis, the system can comprehensively evaluate the real-time stability of the side slope, and further enhance the quantitative evaluation capability of the real-time stability of the side slope, especially under complex working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining engineering, and in particular to a limestone mine slope monitoring and early warning device and system. Background Art

[0002] During the long-term mining process, the slopes of limestone mines are susceptible to the dual influence of the natural environment and human activities, resulting in a significant increase in the risk of slope instability. Slope instability not only poses a serious threat to the safe production of mines, but may also cause major geological disasters such as landslides and collapses, resulting in casualties and property losses. In order to effectively prevent and monitor the risk of slope instability, many mining companies have adopted slope monitoring methods, but traditional slope monitoring methods mainly rely on manual inspections and experience judgments, and have problems such as long data collection cycles, poor real-time performance, and low monitoring accuracy. It is difficult to achieve dynamic monitoring of slope deformation and early warning of instability risks. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an intelligent slope monitoring and early warning device to improve the safety management level of mines.

[0003] Finite element analysis is an important method in slope stability analysis. It can simulate the stress and deformation of the slope under different working conditions and provide a reliable basis for slope stability assessment. However, finite element analysis has high requirements on model parameters and requires detailed geological data and engineering data as support. In addition, the deformation process of the slope is complex and requires multi-stage and multi-dimensional analysis to achieve accurate prediction. Traditional finite element analysis often results in inaccurate results due to insufficient data and simplified analysis models, and cannot meet the requirements of mine safety management. Therefore, establishing a systematic and comprehensive slope monitoring system to conduct all-round dynamic monitoring of slope stability through real-time data acquisition, intelligent analysis and finite element prediction has become an important technical means to improve mine safety production.

[0004] At the same time, modern slope monitoring requires the coordinated work of multiple sensors to achieve multi-dimensional data collection. For example, GNSS receivers can monitor the displacement of slopes in real time, tilt sensors can monitor the changes in the slope angle, and crack sensors can provide dynamic information on crack expansion. The data from these sensors can reflect the real-time status of the slope, and combined with multi-factor comprehensive analysis and trend prediction, can identify the deformation characteristics of the slope and provide early warning basis. However, relying solely on the data of a single sensor often cannot fully reflect the stability of the slope. Therefore, a systematic data collection and analysis platform is needed to integrate multiple data into one platform and make accurate instability predictions through comprehensive analysis. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a limestone mine slope monitoring and early warning device and system, which solves the problems of poor real-time performance, incomplete data and inability to comprehensively evaluate slope stability in traditional monitoring devices.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A limestone mine slope monitoring and early warning device, comprising:

[0007] The transmission rod, as the main body of the equipment, is used to protect the internal connection lines of the equipment;

[0008] GNSS cabinet, which is installed on the left side of the transmission pole and is used for slope data monitoring;

[0009] A metering bucket, which is installed on the front side of the transmission rod and is used to measure rainfall;

[0010] Warning lights, which are installed on the top of the GNSS cabinet and are used to light up corresponding warning lights according to the calculated data;

[0011] A signal transceiver, which is installed on the outer wall of the transmission rod and is used to transmit the signal obtained by the device over a long distance;

[0012] The PLC module is set inside the GNSS cabinet and is used to calculate and integrate the collected data to determine the specific warning level of the landslide;

[0013] A tilt sensor is arranged inside the GNSS cabinet, a GNSS receiver is arranged on one side of the tilt sensor, a crack sensor is arranged on the other side of the tilt sensor, an electrical signal transmitter is arranged on the top of the tilt sensor, the GNSS receiver, the tilt sensor and the crack sensor are all electrically connected to the electrical signal transmitter, a battery module is arranged on the top of the electrical signal transmitter, and the electrical signal transmitter and the battery module are electrically connected.

[0014] Preferably, an early warning port is provided on the top of the PLC module, and the early warning port is electrically connected to the warning light.

[0015] Preferably, a rain gauge is provided inside the measuring bucket.

[0016] Preferably, a base is provided at the bottom of the transmission rod, and a rain shelter is provided at the top of the transmission rod.

[0017] Preferably, a bracket is fixed on the right side of the transmission rod, and a solar panel is installed inside the bracket.

[0018] A limestone mine slope monitoring and early warning system, comprising:

[0019] Data acquisition module, used to collect slope displacement, inclination, crack extension and rainfall data;

[0020] A data transmission module, used to transmit the data collected by the data collection module to a data processing center by wireless means;

[0021] The data processing and analysis module is used to process and analyze the collected data in real time, calculate the displacement field of the slope through finite element analysis software, and evaluate the stability of the slope;

[0022] An early warning output module is used to issue an early warning when the slope instability exceeds a preset threshold;

[0023] A power management module, used to provide power to the system;

[0024] The mine data collection and analysis module is used to collect and integrate geological, engineering and monitoring data from seven representative mines and establish a mine slope database.

[0025] Preferably, the data processing and analysis module includes:

[0026] Multi-source data preprocessing unit, used to regularize the collected data and remove noise and outliers;

[0027] The multi-factor comprehensive analysis unit is used to conduct a comprehensive analysis based on multiple factors such as displacement, inclination, crack extension and rainfall, identify the deformation characteristics of the slope, and use a multivariate time series model for trend prediction. It combines the finite element discretization method with a four-node quadrilateral unit as the basis to conduct a refined analysis of the slope displacement field, and calculates the stress and strain of the unit node using the following formula:

[0028] ε=B·δ,σ=D·ε

[0029] Among them, ε is strain, B is strain matrix, δ is node displacement; σ is stress, and D is elastic matrix;

[0030] The finite element analysis unit uses finite element software to predict the deformation of the slope, using the stability coefficient as a criterion. The stability coefficient is confirmed by introducing the strength reduction method, and its specific formula is:

[0031]

[0032] Among them, c F and φ F are the reduced rock mass cohesion and internal friction angle, F s is the strength reduction factor.

[0033] Preferably, the warning levels of the warning output module are divided into four levels: blue, yellow, orange and red, specifically:

[0034] Blue Alert: F S >1.5, indicating that the slope is in a safe state;

[0035] Yellow alert: 1.2 <F S≤1.5, be alert to potential deformation risks;

[0036] Orange alert: 1.0 <F S ≤1.2, slope deformation tends to accelerate;

[0037] Red Alert: F S ≤1.0, there is a risk of instability;

[0038] The threshold of the warning level is determined based on the following steps:

[0039] S1. Initial threshold setting: Based on the historical monitoring data of seven representative mines and the results of finite element displacement field analysis, initial warning thresholds are set for displacement, inclination, crack propagation rate and rainfall indicators;

[0040] S2. Dynamic adjustment: based on real-time monitoring data and annual slope stability analysis reports, the warning threshold is dynamically updated every six months;

[0041] S3, combined judgment, when different factors exceed the corresponding thresholds, the system automatically increases the warning level;

[0042] In the step S2, the warning threshold is calculated using the following formula:

[0043] New threshold = α × historical data mean + β × current monitoring mean

[0044] Wherein, α and β are adjustment coefficients and satisfy α+β=1.

[0045] Preferably, the finite element analysis unit performs displacement field prediction analysis on the deformation and failure stage of the slope based on the following steps:

[0046] S1. Static analysis: calculate the displacement field distribution of the slope under normal conditions without external disturbance and identify the slope stability;

[0047] S2. Dynamic analysis: analyzing the stress distribution and displacement trend of the slope under external disturbance conditions such as heavy rain and blasting;

[0048] S3, deformation stage division, according to the displacement increment and stability coefficient of the slope, the slope deformation process is divided into the initial deformation stage, accelerated deformation stage and critical instability stage, corresponding to the normal, warning and red warning states respectively;

[0049] In step S3, the Hoek-Brown yield criterion is introduced as a judgment criterion. The criterion is based on the shear strength of rock and describes the failure behavior of rock under different stress conditions through a nonlinear formula. The expression is:

[0050]

[0051] Among them, σ 1 is the maximum principal stress;

[0052] σ 3 is the minimum principal stress;

[0053] σ c is the uniaxial compressive strength of rock;

[0054] m b , s, and a are Hoek-Brown parameters related to rock quality and are determined by the following empirical formula:

[0055]

[0056] Among them, m i is the rock material constant, GSI is the rock quality index, and D is the rock disturbance coefficient, which is usually between 0 and 1.

[0057] Preferably, the mine data collection and analysis module includes:

[0058] The geological data collection submodule is used to collect geological reports of the mine, including rock layer distribution, geological structure of the mining area, location of major faults, physical and mechanical properties of rocks, and to classify and quantify parameters of rock and soil bodies;

[0059] The mechanical properties include, but are not limited to, density, friction angle, elastic modulus and shear strength;

[0060] The engineering survey data submodule is used to collect the engineering survey report of the slope, obtain the geometric information of the slope height, slope angle, slope top width and slope foot position, as well as the design information of the support measures, and record the mechanical parameters of the slope structure such as shear strength, cohesion and friction angle;

[0061] The information involved in the support measures includes but is not limited to the design data of anchor rods, retaining walls and drainage facilities;

[0062] The slope stability research data submodule is used to collect historical instability data of the slope, record and analyze the deformation law of the slope, and form reference data of instability mode;

[0063] The instability data include occurrence time, damage range, slip direction and damage mode;

[0064] The safety facility and drainage design data submodule is used to collect the mine's safety facility and drainage design data, including the design parameters of anchor bolts, reinforcement nets, drainage ditches and intercepting ditches, and record the layout of drainage facilities to analyze the impact of the drainage system on slope stability;

[0065] The design parameters include length, angle and spacing;

[0066] The mining status and activity data submodule is used to record the current mining scope, depth, and mining method of the mine, and collect detailed records of blasting activities to evaluate the dynamic impact of mining activities on slope stability;

[0067] Detailed records of said blasting activities including blasting location, time, intensity and vibration data;

[0068] Online monitoring data submodule, used to obtain online monitoring data from GNSS receivers, tilt sensors, crack sensors and rain gauges in real time, and save historical monitoring data to identify deformation trends of slopes;

[0069] The database construction and data standardization submodule is used to build the mine slope database and standardize all collected data;

[0070] The standardization process is performed using a regularization method, and the specific formula is as follows:

[0071]

[0072] Where x is the original data, min(x) and max(x) are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the data, respectively, and x′ is the standardized value to ensure the uniformity of each data dimension.

[0073] The present invention provides a limestone mine slope monitoring and early warning device and system, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0074] 1. Through real-time monitoring by GNSS receivers, inclination sensors and crack sensors, the system can continuously obtain key data such as slope displacement, inclination and crack extension. Combined with the strength reduction method and finite element analysis, the system can comprehensively evaluate the real-time stability of the slope, further enhancing the quantitative evaluation capability of the real-time stability of the slope, especially under complex working conditions.

[0075] 2. The present invention uses finite element analysis software to perform total displacement analysis on the deformation and destruction process of the slope. Taking the stability coefficient as the criterion, the system can effectively simulate the stress distribution and displacement changes of the slope under different working conditions, especially the deformation response under dynamic conditions of heavy rain and blasting. By subdividing the deformation process of the slope into initial deformation, accelerated deformation and critical instability stages, the system can accurately predict the stability state of the slope at different stages and realize dynamic monitoring of the slope throughout the entire process.

[0076] 3. The present invention establishes a comprehensive mine slope database by systematically collecting geological reports, slope engineering survey reports, slope stability analysis reports, safety facility designs, mining status maps and online monitoring data of several representative limestone mines. The database contains various types and dimensions of geological and engineering data to ensure that the system has sufficient basic data support when conducting slope stability analysis. The adequacy of this data support greatly improves the accuracy of slope monitoring and the reliability of early warning. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0077] Figure 1 A perspective view of the present invention;

[0078] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional side view of the present invention;

[0079] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the internal structure of the GNSS cabinet of the present invention;

[0080] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the internal structure of the metering bucket of the present invention;

[0081] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the system module of the present invention;

[0082] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the data processing and analysis module of the present invention;

[0083] Figure 7 A flow chart of the threshold determination steps of the present invention;

[0084] Figure 8 It is a flow chart of the displacement field prediction and analysis steps of the present invention;

[0085] Fig. 9 It is the mine data collection and analysis module of the present invention.

[0086] Among them, 1. Base; 2. Transmission rod; 3. GNSS cabinet; 4. Measuring bucket; 5. Warning light; 6. Signal transceiver; 7. Awning; 8. Bracket; 9. Solar panel; 10. GNSS receiver; 11. Tilt sensor; 12. Crack sensor; 13. Electrical signal transmitter; 14. Battery module; 15. PLC module; 16. Early warning port; 17. Rain gauge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0087] The following will be combined with the drawings in the specification of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0088] Embodiment 1:

[0089] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 -Attached Figure 3 The embodiment of the present invention provides a limestone mine slope monitoring and early warning device, comprising:

[0090] The transmission rod 2, which serves as the equipment bearing body, is used to protect the equipment connection line internally;

[0091] GNSS cabinet 3, which is installed on the left side of the transmission rod 2 and is used for slope data monitoring;

[0092] A metering bucket 4, which is installed in front of the transmission rod 2 and is used to measure the rainfall;

[0093] A warning light 5, which is installed on the top of the GNSS cabinet 3 and is used to light up a corresponding warning light according to the calculated data;

[0094] A signal transceiver 6, which is installed on the outer wall of the transmission rod 2 and is used to transmit the signal obtained by the device over a long distance;

[0095] The PLC module 15 is arranged inside the GNSS cabinet 3 and is used to calculate and integrate the collected data to determine the specific warning level of the landslide;

[0096] A tilt sensor 11 is arranged inside the GNSS cabinet 3, a GNSS receiver 10 is arranged on one side of the tilt sensor 11, a crack sensor 12 is arranged on the other side of the tilt sensor 11, an electrical signal transmitter 13 is arranged on the top of the tilt sensor 11, the GNSS receiver 10, the tilt sensor 11 and the crack sensor 12 are all electrically connected to the electrical signal transmitter 13, a battery module 14 is arranged on the top of the electrical signal transmitter 13, and the electrical signal transmitter 13 and the battery module 14 are electrically connected.

[0097] Specifically, the transmission rod 2 is mainly used to protect its internal fine structure from being affected by the external environment, the measuring bucket 4 is used to receive rainwater when it rains, the warning light 5 determines the warning threshold according to the data structure calculated by the PLC module 15, and then selects the warning light 5 with different flashing colors to light up, and the signal transceiver 6 is used to transmit the information collected by the equipment to the central control platform for data collection and backup. The battery module 14 releases its own power to supply the normal operation of the equipment, and the electrical signal transmitter 13 can transmit the data information of the GNSS receiver 10, the tilt sensor 11, and the crack sensor 12 to the location of the PLC module 15, so that the PLC module 15 can receive the data information and perform calculations.

[0098] The GNSS receiver 10 is mainly used to collect displacement information of the slope surface. It measures the three-dimensional coordinates of the slope monitoring points in real time through GNSS positioning and calculates the displacement of each monitoring point.

[0099] The inclination sensor 11 is used to monitor the change of the inclination angle of the slope. It can measure the inclination of the monitoring point of the slope and monitor the change trend of the inclination angle over time. When the inclination angle of the slope changes significantly, it usually means that the supporting structure or rock and soil of the slope may be displaced or deformed.

[0100] The crack sensor 12 is used to monitor the cracking and expansion of cracks on the slope surface or inside the slope. It can detect changes in crack width, record the crack expansion rate and change amplitude, and help identify the stress changes and rupture process inside the slope, especially when the cracks gradually expand or accelerate expansion, providing early warning information for potential instability of the slope.

[0101] Please see attached Figure 3 A warning port 16 is provided on the top of the PLC module 15 , and the warning port 16 is electrically connected to the warning light 5 .

[0102] Specifically, the PLC module 15 can control the corresponding warning light 5 to flash through itself and the calculation result, and finally through the early warning port 16.

[0103] Please see attached Figure 4 A rain gauge 17 is arranged inside the measuring bucket 4.

[0104] Specifically, the rainwater entering the metering bucket 4 will be calculated by the rain gauge 17 to obtain the rainfall at the monitoring location of the device.

[0105] Please see attached Figure 1 A base 1 is provided at the bottom of the transmission rod 2, and a rain shelter 7 is provided at the top of the transmission rod 2.

[0106] Specifically, the base 1 is used to fix the device at a location required for monitoring, and the canopy 7 is used to protect the device when it rains.

[0107] Please see attached Figure 2 A bracket 8 is fixed on the right side of the transmission rod 2, and a solar panel 9 is installed inside the bracket 8.

[0108] Specifically, the solar panel 9 converts sunlight into electrical energy, which is then transmitted to the battery module 14 through the output of the line for storage.

[0109] Embodiment 2:

[0110] Please see attached Figure 5 -Attached Fig. 9 , a limestone mine slope monitoring and early warning system, comprising:

[0111] Data acquisition module, used to collect slope displacement, inclination, crack extension and rainfall data;

[0112] A data transmission module, used to transmit the data collected by the data collection module to a data processing center by wireless means;

[0113] The data processing and analysis module is used to process and analyze the collected data in real time, calculate the displacement field of the slope through finite element analysis software, and evaluate the stability of the slope;

[0114] An early warning output module is used to issue an early warning when the slope instability exceeds a preset threshold;

[0115] A power management module, used to provide power to the system;

[0116] Mine data collection and analysis module, used to collect and integrate geological, engineering and monitoring data of seven representative mines and establish a mine slope database;

[0117] Data processing and analysis modules include:

[0118] Multi-source data preprocessing unit, used to regularize the collected data and remove noise and outliers;

[0119] The multi-factor comprehensive analysis unit is used to conduct a comprehensive analysis based on multiple factors such as displacement, inclination, crack extension and rainfall, identify the deformation characteristics of the slope, and use a multivariate time series model for trend prediction. It combines the finite element discretization method with a four-node quadrilateral unit as the basis to conduct a refined analysis of the slope displacement field, and calculates the stress and strain of the unit node using the following formula:

[0120] ε=B·δ,σ=D·ε

[0121] Among them, ε is strain, B is strain matrix, δ is node displacement; σ is stress, and D is elastic matrix;

[0122] The finite element analysis unit uses finite element software to predict the deformation of the slope, using the stability coefficient as the criterion. The stability coefficient is confirmed by introducing the strength reduction method. The specific formula is:

[0123]

[0124] Among them, c F and φ F are the reduced rock mass cohesion and internal friction angle, F s is the strength reduction factor;

[0125] The warning levels of the warning output module are divided into four levels: blue, yellow, orange and red, as follows:

[0126] Blue Alert: F S >1.5, indicating that the slope is in a safe state;

[0127] Yellow alert: 1.2 <F S ≤1.5, be alert to potential deformation risks;

[0128] Orange alert: 1.0 <F S ≤1.2, slope deformation tends to accelerate;

[0129] Red Alert: F S ≤1.0, there is a risk of instability;

[0130] The thresholds for the warning levels are determined based on the following steps:

[0131] S1. Initial threshold setting: Based on the historical monitoring data of seven representative mines and the results of finite element displacement field analysis, initial warning thresholds are set for displacement, inclination, crack propagation rate and rainfall indicators;

[0132] S2. Dynamic adjustment: based on real-time monitoring data and annual slope stability analysis reports, the warning threshold is dynamically updated every six months;

[0133] S3, combined judgment, when different factors exceed the corresponding thresholds, the system automatically increases the warning level;

[0134] In step S2, the warning threshold is calculated using the following formula:

[0135] New threshold = α × historical data mean + β × current monitoring mean

[0136] Among them, α and β are adjustment coefficients and satisfy α+β=1;

[0137] The finite element analysis unit performs displacement field prediction analysis on the deformation and failure stage of the slope based on the following steps:

[0138] S1. Static analysis: calculate the displacement field distribution of the slope under normal conditions without external disturbance and identify the slope stability;

[0139] S2. Dynamic analysis: analyzing the stress distribution and displacement trend of the slope under external disturbance conditions such as heavy rain and blasting;

[0140] S3, deformation stage division, according to the displacement increment and stability coefficient of the slope, the slope deformation process is divided into the initial deformation stage, accelerated deformation stage and critical instability stage, corresponding to the normal, warning and red warning states respectively;

[0141] In step S3, the Hoek-Brown yield criterion is introduced as the judgment criterion. This criterion is based on the shear strength of rock and describes the failure behavior of rock under different stress conditions through a nonlinear formula. Its expression is:

[0142]

[0143] Among them, σ 1 is the maximum principal stress;

[0144] σ 3 is the minimum principal stress;

[0145] σ c is the uniaxial compressive strength of rock;

[0146] m b , s, and a are Hoek-Brown parameters related to rock quality and are determined by the following empirical formula:

[0147]

[0148] Among them, m i is the rock material constant, GSI is the rock mass quality index, and D is the rock mass disturbance coefficient, which is usually between 0 and 1;

[0149] Mine data collection and analysis modules include:

[0150] The geological data collection submodule is used to collect geological reports of the mine, including rock layer distribution, geological structure of the mining area, location of major faults, physical and mechanical properties of rocks, and to classify and quantify parameters of rock and soil bodies;

[0151] Mechanical properties include, but are not limited to, density, friction angle, elastic modulus, and shear strength;

[0152] The engineering survey data submodule is used to collect the engineering survey report of the slope, obtain the geometric information of the slope height, slope angle, slope top width and slope foot position, as well as the design information of the support measures, and record the mechanical parameters of the slope structure such as shear strength, cohesion and friction angle;

[0153] Information related to support measures includes but is not limited to anchor bolts, retaining walls, and drainage facility design data;

[0154] The slope stability research data submodule is used to collect historical instability data of the slope, record and analyze the deformation law of the slope, and form reference data of instability mode;

[0155] Instability data include occurrence time, damage range, slip direction and failure mode;

[0156] The safety facility and drainage design data submodule is used to collect the mine's safety facility and drainage design data, including the design parameters of anchor bolts, reinforcement nets, drainage ditches and intercepting ditches, and record the layout of drainage facilities to analyze the impact of the drainage system on slope stability;

[0157] Design parameters include length, angle, and spacing;

[0158] The mining status and activity data submodule is used to record the current mining scope, depth, and mining method of the mine, and collect detailed records of blasting activities to evaluate the dynamic impact of mining activities on slope stability;

[0159] Detailed records of blasting activities including blasting location, time, intensity and vibration data;

[0160] Online monitoring data submodule, used to obtain online monitoring data from GNSS receivers, tilt sensors, crack sensors and rain gauges in real time, and save historical monitoring data to identify deformation trends of slopes;

[0161] The database construction and data standardization submodule is used to build the mine slope database and standardize all collected data;

[0162] The standardization process is processed by regularization method, and the specific formula is as follows:

[0163]

[0164] Where x is the original data, min(x) and max(x) are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the data, respectively, and x′ is the standardized value to ensure the uniformity of each data dimension.

[0165] Specifically, firstly, the data acquisition module acquires the displacement, inclination, crack extension and rainfall data of the slope in real time through GNSS receivers, inclination sensors, crack sensors and rain gauges, providing the system with multi-dimensional basic data;

[0166] The collected data is sent to the data processing center in real time through the data transmission module using wireless transmission, ensuring stable and efficient data transmission in complex mining environments; the data processing and analysis module processes and analyzes the received data in real time, relying on the multi-source data preprocessing unit to clean and regularize the data, remove noise and outliers, and thus improve the accuracy of the analyzed data;

[0167] The multi-factor comprehensive analysis unit conducts joint analysis on data such as displacement, inclination, crack extension and rainfall, and uses a multivariate time series model to predict the deformation trend of the slope and identify potential instability risks. The finite element analysis unit uses finite element software such as Phase2 to predict and analyze the displacement field of the slope deformation based on the stability coefficient criterion, and clearly divides the initial deformation, accelerated deformation and critical instability of the slope in different deformation stages to ensure that the system can scientifically evaluate the state of the slope, that is, in the initial deformation stage: the displacement increment is small and the shear stress has not reached the yield condition; in the accelerated deformation stage: the displacement increment increases significantly and the shear stress gradually approaches the yield condition; in the critical instability stage: the yield condition is fully met and the slope enters an unstable state. At the same time, the finite element analysis discretizes the slope into four-node quadrilateral units, and the node displacement is calculated by the formula to calculate the unit stress and strain. The displacement field and stress field of the slope are obtained by calculation to provide data support for the slope stability assessment.

[0168] The early warning output module divides the warning level into four levels: blue, yellow, orange and red, based on the analysis results. When the risk of slope instability exceeds the set warning threshold, an alarm is issued through LED display, sound alarm, remote notification and other means to ensure that on-site personnel and remote management personnel can respond in time. The setting of the warning threshold includes two steps: initial setting and dynamic adjustment. The initial threshold setting unit sets the initial warning threshold for indicators such as displacement, inclination, crack propagation rate and rainfall based on the historical monitoring data of 7 representative mines and the results of finite element displacement field analysis.

[0169] The dynamic adjustment unit updates the warning threshold every six months based on real-time monitoring data and annual slope stability analysis reports. It uses a weighted formula based on the mean of historical data and the mean of current monitoring to adjust the threshold so that the warning value can adapt to changes in actual conditions.

[0170] The mine data acquisition and analysis module collects various data from seven representative mines, including geology, engineering, mining, historical instability and other information, to form a mine slope database to enhance the analysis basis of the system; the geological data acquisition submodule collects information such as mine geological structure and rock mechanics parameters to ensure that the model accurately reflects the properties of the rock mass;

[0171] The engineering survey data submodule provides the geometric information of the slope and the design information of the support measures, and provides the mechanical characteristics of the slope for the model; the slope stability research data submodule organizes the historical data of instability and analyzes the deformation law of the slope; the safety facilities and drainage design data submodule records the safety facilities and drainage layout, and analyzes their impact on the stability of the slope; the mining status and activity data submodule obtains the mining depth, scope and blasting records, and analyzes the dynamic impact of mining activities on the slope;

[0172] The online monitoring data submodule collects data from various sensors in real time to support long-term analysis of slope deformation trends. Finally, the database construction and data standardization submodule standardizes various types of data to form a mine slope database in a unified format, providing data support for finite element analysis and multi-factor comprehensive analysis.

[0173] Through the collaborative work of various modules, the system realizes real-time monitoring, risk assessment and multi-level early warning functions of slopes, effectively improving the accuracy, reliability and timeliness of mine slope monitoring, and providing scientific guarantees for safe production in limestone mines.

[0174] Working principle: When the equipment is operating normally, it converts solar energy into electrical energy through the solar panel 9, stores and supplies power through the battery module 14, and supplies power to all structures of the equipment. Then the GNSS receiver 10, the tilt sensor 11 and the crack sensor 12 start to collect data information. When it rains, the rainwater in the metering bucket 4 will also be detected by the rain gauge 17 for rainfall. In this way, all the corresponding detected data will finally be transmitted by the electrical signal transmitter 13. The corresponding data will be received by the PLC module 15 and corresponding calculations and judgments will be performed, so that it can control the corresponding warning light 5 through the warning port 16 to issue a warning. The different colors of the warning light 5 represent different degrees of danger.

[0175] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A limestone mine slope monitoring and early warning device, characterized in that: include: The transmission rod (2) serves as the main body of the equipment and is used to protect the equipment connection line; A GNSS cabinet (3) is installed on the left side of the transmission rod (2) and is used for slope data monitoring; A metering bucket (4), which is installed on the front side of the transmission rod (2) and is used to measure the rainfall; A warning light (5), which is installed on the top of the GNSS cabinet (3) and is used to light up a corresponding warning light according to the calculated data; A signal transceiver (6), which is mounted on the outer wall of the transmission rod (2) and is used to transmit the signal obtained by the device over a long distance; A PLC module (15) is arranged inside the GNSS cabinet (3) and is used to calculate and integrate the collected data to determine the specific warning level of the landslide; The GNSS cabinet (3) is provided with a tilt sensor (11) inside, a GNSS receiver (10) is provided on one side of the tilt sensor (11), a crack sensor (12) is provided on the other side of the tilt sensor (11), an electric signal transmitter (13) is provided on the top of the tilt sensor (11), the GNSS receiver (10), the tilt sensor (11) and the crack sensor (12) are all electrically connected to the electric signal transmitter (13), a battery module (14) is provided on the top of the electric signal transmitter (13), and the electric signal transmitter (13) and the battery module (14) are electrically connected.

2. A limestone mine slope monitoring and early warning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the PLC module (15) is provided with an early warning port (16), and the early warning port (16) is electrically connected to the warning light (5).

3. A limestone mine slope monitoring and early warning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rain gauge (17) is arranged inside the measuring bucket (4).

4. A limestone mine slope monitoring and early warning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A base (1) is provided at the bottom of the transmission rod (2), and a rain shelter (7) is provided at the top of the transmission rod (2).

5. The limestone mine slope monitoring and early warning device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A bracket (8) is fixed on the right side of the transmission rod (2), and a solar panel (9) is installed inside the bracket (8).

6. A limestone mine slope monitoring and early warning system, a limestone mine slope monitoring and early warning device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: include: Data acquisition module, used to collect slope displacement, inclination, crack extension and rainfall data; A data transmission module, used to transmit the data collected by the data collection module to a data processing center by wireless means; The data processing and analysis module is used to process and analyze the collected data in real time, calculate the displacement field of the slope through finite element analysis software, and evaluate the stability of the slope; An early warning output module is used to issue an early warning when the slope instability exceeds a preset threshold; A power management module, used to provide power to the system; The mine data collection and analysis module is used to collect and integrate geological, engineering and monitoring data from seven representative mines and establish a mine slope database.

7. A limestone mine slope monitoring and early warning system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The data processing and analysis module includes: Multi-source data preprocessing unit, used to regularize the collected data and remove noise and outliers; The multi-factor comprehensive analysis unit is used to conduct a comprehensive analysis based on multiple factors such as displacement, inclination, crack extension and rainfall, identify the deformation characteristics of the slope, and use a multivariate time series model for trend prediction. It combines the finite element discretization method with a four-node quadrilateral unit as the basis to conduct a refined analysis of the slope displacement field, and calculates the stress and strain of the unit node using the following formula: ε=B·δ,σ=D·ε Among them, ε is strain, B is strain matrix, δ is node displacement; σ is stress, and D is elastic matrix; The finite element analysis unit uses finite element software to predict the deformation of the slope, using the stability coefficient as a criterion. The stability coefficient is confirmed by introducing the strength reduction method, and its specific formula is: Among them, c F and φ F are the reduced rock mass cohesion and internal friction angle, F s is the strength reduction factor.

8. A limestone mine slope monitoring and early warning system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The warning levels of the warning output module are divided into four levels: blue, yellow, orange and red, specifically: Blue Alert: F S >1.5, indicating that the slope is in a safe state; Yellow alert: 1.2 <F S ≤1.5, be alert to potential deformation risks; Orange alert: 1.0 <F S ≤1.2, slope deformation tends to accelerate; Red Alert: F S ≤1.0, there is a risk of instability; The threshold of the warning level is determined based on the following steps: S1. Initial threshold setting: Based on the historical monitoring data of seven representative mines and the results of finite element displacement field analysis, initial warning thresholds are set for displacement, inclination, crack propagation rate and rainfall indicators; S2. Dynamic adjustment: based on real-time monitoring data and annual slope stability analysis reports, the warning threshold is dynamically updated every six months; S3, combined judgment, when different factors exceed the corresponding thresholds, the system automatically increases the warning level; In the step S2, the warning threshold is calculated using the following formula: New threshold = α × historical data mean + β × current monitoring mean Wherein, α and β are adjustment coefficients and satisfy α+β=1.

9. A limestone mine slope monitoring and early warning system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The finite element analysis unit performs displacement field prediction analysis on the deformation and failure stage of the slope based on the following steps: S1. Static analysis: calculate the displacement field distribution of the slope under normal conditions without external disturbance and identify the slope stability; S2. Dynamic analysis: analyzing the stress distribution and displacement trend of the slope under the external disturbance conditions of heavy rain and blasting; S3, deformation stage division, according to the displacement increment and stability coefficient of the slope, the slope deformation process is divided into the initial deformation stage, accelerated deformation stage and critical instability stage, corresponding to the normal, warning and red warning states respectively; In step S3, the Hoek-Brown yield criterion is introduced as a judgment criterion. The criterion is based on the shear strength of rock and describes the failure behavior of rock under different stress conditions through a nonlinear formula. The expression is: Among them, σ1 is the maximum principal stress; σ3 is the minimum principal stress; σ c is the uniaxial compressive strength of rock; m b , s, and a are Hoek-Brown parameters related to rock quality and are determined by the following empirical formula: Among them, m i is the rock material constant, GSI is the rock quality index, and D is the rock disturbance coefficient, which is usually between 0 and 1.

10. A limestone mine slope monitoring and early warning system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mine data collection and analysis module includes: The geological data collection submodule is used to collect geological reports of the mine, including rock layer distribution, geological structure of the mining area, location of major faults, physical and mechanical properties of rocks, and to classify and quantify parameters of rock and soil bodies; The mechanical properties include, but are not limited to, density, friction angle, elastic modulus and shear strength; The engineering survey data submodule is used to collect the engineering survey report of the slope, obtain the geometric information of the slope height, slope angle, slope top width and slope foot position, as well as the design information of the support measures, and record the mechanical parameters of the slope structure such as shear strength, cohesion and friction angle; The information involved in the support measures includes but is not limited to the design data of anchor rods, retaining walls and drainage facilities; The slope stability research data submodule is used to collect historical instability data of the slope, record and analyze the deformation law of the slope, and form reference data of instability mode; The instability data include occurrence time, damage range, slip direction and damage mode; The safety facility and drainage design data submodule is used to collect the mine's safety facility and drainage design data, including the design parameters of anchor bolts, reinforcement nets, drainage ditches and intercepting ditches, and record the layout of drainage facilities to analyze the impact of the drainage system on slope stability; The design parameters include length, angle and spacing; The mining status and activity data submodule is used to record the current mining scope, depth, and mining method of the mine, and collect detailed records of blasting activities to evaluate the dynamic impact of mining activities on slope stability; Detailed records of said blasting activities including blasting location, time, intensity and vibration data; Online monitoring data submodule, used to obtain online monitoring data from GNSS receivers, tilt sensors, crack sensors and rain gauges in real time, and save historical monitoring data to identify deformation trends of slopes; The database construction and data standardization submodule is used to build the mine slope database and standardize all collected data; The standardization process is performed using a regularization method, and the specific formula is as follows: Where x is the original data, min(x) and max(x) are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the data, respectively, and x′ is the standardized value to ensure the uniformity of each data dimension.

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