A monitoring method and system for embedded distributed optical fiber intelligent sensing cable

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of cable intelligent monitoring technology, and discloses a monitoring method and system for an embedded distributed optical fiber intelligent sensing cable. The method comprises obtaining cable characteristic information; performing calculations to obtain the relative distance of optical pulses; performing calculations to obtain the relative delay of optical pulses; performing fitting calculations to obtain the fitting distance of optical pulses and the fitting delay of optical pulses; performing difference calculations to obtain the delay deviation value; when the delay deviation value is greater than a preset delay threshold, and the deviation between the vibration phase distribution value and the preset phase distribution value is greater than a preset deviation threshold, performing calculations to obtain the optical fiber microbend loss; when the optical fiber microbend loss is greater than a preset loss threshold, obtaining ant colony characteristic data; performing calculations to obtain the ant colony activity coefficient and the ant colony density; when the ant colony activity coefficient is greater than the preset ant colony activity coefficient threshold, and the ant colony density is greater than the preset ant colony density threshold, performing cable evaluation and protection operations. This method can achieve accurate positioning of interference positions on cables.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cable intelligent monitoring, and in particular to a monitoring method and system for an embedded distributed optical fiber intelligent sensing cable. Background Art

[0002] At present, with the continuous expansion of the power system, the power sector has put forward higher requirements on the safety and reliability of overhead cables.

[0003] In one prior art, the temperature, stress and vibration of the cable are monitored by arranging devices such as temperature sensors, strain sensors and vibration sensors around the cable. These sensors collect data in real time through physical contact or attachment and transmit it to the monitoring system for analysis to monitor the working status of the cable.

[0004] At the same time, termites are a potential threat to the safety of power cables. They often eat the outer skin of the cable, causing safety hazards. In the process of termites eating the outer skin of the cable, the outer skin voltage of the cable increases and heats up due to the decrease in the resistance of the cable skin. The existing technology relies on temperature sensors, strain sensors, vibration sensors and other equipment to detect the temperature, stress and vibration parameters of the cable. The positioning of the cable eaten by termites is inaccurate, and it is impossible to accurately locate the interference position on the cable. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a monitoring method and system for an embedded distributed optical fiber intelligent sensing cable to achieve accurate positioning of interference positions on the cable.

[0006] In a first aspect, in order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a monitoring method of an embedded distributed optical fiber intelligent sensing cable, comprising:

[0007] Acquiring cable characteristic information, wherein the cable characteristic information includes position coordinates, strain values, and vibration phase distribution values;

[0008] Calculating according to the position coordinates to obtain the relative distance of the light pulse;

[0009] Calculating according to the relative distance of the optical pulses to obtain the relative delay of the optical pulses;

[0010] Perform fitting calculation according to the relative distance of the optical pulses and the relative time delay of the optical pulses to obtain a fitting distance of the optical pulses and a fitting time delay of the optical pulses;

[0011] Performing a difference calculation based on the optical pulse fitting delay and the optical pulse relative delay to obtain a delay deviation value;

[0012] When the delay deviation value is greater than a preset delay threshold, and the deviation between the vibration phase distribution value and the preset phase distribution value is greater than a preset deviation threshold, calculating according to the strain value and the optical pulse fitting distance to obtain the optical fiber microbending loss;

[0013] When the optical fiber microbending loss is greater than a preset loss threshold, acquiring ant colony characteristic data, wherein the ant colony characteristic data includes the number of ant colonies, termite colony density index, average distribution number of queen ants, length of termite tunnels, termite activity coefficient, cable cross-sectional area, termite occurrence interval and cable length;

[0014] Calculating according to the ant colony characteristic data to obtain an ant colony activity coefficient and an ant colony density;

[0015] When the ant colony activity coefficient is greater than a preset ant colony activity coefficient threshold, and the ant colony density is greater than a preset ant colony density threshold, a cable evaluation and protection operation is performed.

[0016] Preferably, the calculation formula of the relative distance of the light pulse is:

[0017]

[0018] In the formula, is the relative distance of the light pulse; For the The X-axis value of the position coordinates of the measurement points; is the X-axis value of the position coordinate of the jth measurement point.

[0019] Preferably, the calculation formula for the relative delay of the optical pulse is:

[0020]

[0021] In the formula, is the relative delay of the optical pulse; is the relative distance of the light pulse; c is the propagation speed of the light pulse in the optical fiber.

[0022] Preferably, the calculation formula of the optical pulse fitting distance is:

[0023]

[0024] In the formula, Fit distance for light pulses; is the distance fitting coefficient; is the relative distance of the light pulse;

[0025] The calculation formula of the optical pulse fitting delay is:

[0026]

[0027] In the formula, Fitting time delays to optical pulses; is the time delay fitting coefficient; is the relative delay of the optical pulse.

[0028] Preferably, the calculation formula of the delay deviation value is:

[0029]

[0030] In the formula, is the delay deviation value; Fitting time delays to optical pulses; is the relative delay of the optical pulse.

[0031] Preferably, the calculation formula of the optical fiber microbend loss is:

[0032]

[0033] In the formula, is the optical fiber microbending loss; is the loss coefficient; Fit distance for light pulses; is the strain value.

[0034] Preferably, the calculation formula of the ant colony activity coefficient is:

[0035]

[0036] In the formula, is the ant colony activity coefficient; k is the termite activity coefficient; M is the number of ant colonies; is the cable length; g is the cable cross-sectional area;

[0037] The calculation formula of the ant colony density is:

[0038]

[0039] In the formula, θ is the ant colony density; e is the termite colony density index; ρ is the average distribution number of queen ants; is the length of termite tunnels; LH is the termite occurrence range.

[0040] Preferably, the cable assessment protection operation includes:

[0041] Obtain the real-time load current of the cable, and calculate based on the maximum load current of the cable to obtain the load evaluation value;

[0042] When the load evaluation value is greater than a preset load evaluation threshold, a cable protection operation is performed.

[0043] Preferably, the calculation formula of the load evaluation value is:

[0044]

[0045] Where, E is the load evaluation value; is the maximum load current; is the real-time load current.

[0046] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a monitoring system with an embedded distributed optical fiber intelligent sensing cable, comprising:

[0047] A feature acquisition module, used to acquire cable feature information, wherein the cable feature information includes position coordinates, strain values, and vibration phase distribution values;

[0048] A distance calculation module, used to calculate according to the position coordinates to obtain the relative distance of the light pulse;

[0049] A delay calculation module, used to calculate the relative delay of the optical pulse according to the relative distance of the optical pulse;

[0050] A fitting calculation module, used for performing fitting calculation according to the relative distance of the optical pulses and the relative delay of the optical pulses to obtain a fitting distance of the optical pulses and a fitting delay of the optical pulses;

[0051] A deviation calculation module, used for performing difference calculation based on the optical pulse fitting delay and the optical pulse relative delay to obtain a delay deviation value;

[0052] a loss calculation module, configured to calculate, when the delay deviation value is greater than a preset delay threshold and the deviation between the vibration phase distribution value and the preset phase distribution value is greater than a preset deviation threshold, obtain the optical fiber microbending loss according to the strain value and the optical pulse fitting distance;

[0053] An ant colony data acquisition module, used for acquiring ant colony characteristic data when the optical fiber microbending loss is greater than a preset loss threshold, wherein the ant colony characteristic data includes the number of ant colonies, termite colony density index, average distribution number of queen ants, length of termite tunnels, termite activity coefficient, cable cross-sectional area, termite occurrence interval and cable length;

[0054] An ant colony characteristic calculation module, used to calculate according to the ant colony characteristic data to obtain an ant colony activity coefficient and an ant colony density;

[0055] The cable evaluation and protection module is used to perform a cable evaluation and protection operation when the ant colony activity coefficient is greater than a preset ant colony activity coefficient threshold and the ant colony density is greater than a preset ant colony density threshold.

[0056] In a third aspect, the present invention also provides an electronic device comprising a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, the monitoring method of the embedded distributed optical fiber intelligent sensing cable described in any one of the above items is implemented.

[0057] In a fourth aspect, the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, which includes a stored computer program, wherein when the computer program is running, the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute any one of the above-mentioned methods for monitoring the embedded distributed optical fiber intelligent sensing cable.

[0058] The present invention provides a monitoring method for an embedded distributed optical fiber intelligent sensing cable, which obtains the characteristic information of the cable, including the position coordinates, strain value and vibration phase distribution value, and performs fitting operation in combination with the calculation of the relative distance and relative delay of the optical pulse to obtain the fitting distance and fitting delay of the optical pulse. By calculating the deviation of the delay deviation value and the vibration phase distribution value, the microbend loss of the optical fiber is further analyzed to determine whether there is an abnormality in the cable. When the optical fiber microbend loss exceeds the preset threshold, the ant colony characteristic data is obtained, and the ant colony activity coefficient and density are calculated, so as to evaluate and protect the cable status.

[0059] The present invention has real-time performance and sensitivity during the monitoring process, avoids the limitations on the number and arrangement of traditional sensors, and can accurately locate the interference position on the cable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of a monitoring method for an embedded distributed optical fiber intelligent sensing cable provided by a first embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a monitoring system with an embedded distributed optical fiber intelligent sensing cable provided in the second embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0063] Reference Figure 1 The first embodiment of the present invention provides a monitoring method for an embedded distributed optical fiber intelligent sensing cable, comprising the following steps:

[0064] S11, acquiring cable characteristic information, wherein the cable characteristic information includes position coordinates, strain values, and vibration phase distribution values;

[0065] S12, calculating according to the position coordinates to obtain the relative distance of the light pulse;

[0066] S13, calculating according to the relative distance of the optical pulses to obtain a relative delay of the optical pulses;

[0067] S14, performing fitting calculation according to the relative distance of the optical pulses and the relative delay of the optical pulses to obtain a fitting distance of the optical pulses and a fitting delay of the optical pulses;

[0068] S15, performing a difference calculation based on the optical pulse fitting delay and the optical pulse relative delay to obtain a delay deviation value;

[0069] S16, when the delay deviation value is greater than a preset delay threshold, and the deviation between the vibration phase distribution value and the preset phase distribution value is greater than a preset deviation threshold, calculating according to the strain value and the optical pulse fitting distance to obtain the optical fiber microbending loss;

[0070] S17, when the optical fiber microbending loss is greater than a preset loss threshold, acquiring ant colony characteristic data, wherein the ant colony characteristic data includes the number of ant colonies, termite colony density index, average distribution number of queen ants, length of termite tunnels, termite activity coefficient, cable cross-sectional area, termite occurrence interval and cable length;

[0071] S18, calculating according to the ant colony characteristic data to obtain an ant colony activity coefficient and an ant colony density;

[0072] S19, when the ant colony activity coefficient is greater than a preset ant colony activity coefficient threshold, and the ant colony density is greater than a preset ant colony density threshold, a cable evaluation and protection operation is performed.

[0073] In step S11, it is necessary to obtain cable characteristic information, wherein the cable characteristic information includes position coordinates, strain values, and vibration phase distribution values, including:

[0074] In step S11, it is necessary to obtain the cable characteristic information, including the position coordinates, strain value and vibration phase distribution value. The following is a detailed description of how to obtain these parameters and their meanings:

[0075] In a specific embodiment, the location coordinates are obtained through optical fiber measurement points in a distributed optical fiber sensing system. The optical fiber sensors embedded in the system can reflect or scatter light pulses at different locations of the cable to determine the spatial position of each measurement point. The propagation characteristics of the light pulses at different locations can reflect the specific coordinates of the measurement point, which can be calculated by the time delay and path length of the optical signal.

[0076] It should be noted that the position coordinates are used to calibrate the specific positions of various measurement points in the cable, providing a spatial basis for the subsequent calculation of the relative distance and relative delay of optical pulses.

[0077] In a specific embodiment, the strain value is obtained by a distributed optical fiber sensor, which is a scattering change caused by a small deformation of an optical signal in an optical fiber due to an external force. Optical fiber sensing technology based on Brillouin scattering or Raman scattering can measure strain values ​​at different positions. Optical fiber sensors can capture the frequency or phase changes of optical signals caused by mechanical stress, thereby reflecting the strain characteristics.

[0078] It should be noted that the strain value describes the mechanical deformation of the cable at different locations. This is crucial for understanding the structural stress state of the cable, monitoring the safety of the cable, and predicting the risk of failure. When the strain value exceeds the safe range, it indicates that the cable is at risk of mechanical damage or external force.

[0079] In a specific embodiment, the vibration phase distribution value is measured by the phase change of the optical signal in the optical fiber. The phase change of the optical signal caused by vibration in the optical fiber can be detected by using the phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) technology. The vibration in the optical fiber will cause the propagation path and phase changes of the light, and these changes are obtained by analyzing the phase shift of the signal.

[0080] It should be noted that the vibration phase distribution value reflects the vibration of the cable at different locations, including the frequency and amplitude changes of the vibration. This parameter can be used to determine whether the cable is affected by external vibration interference, mechanical shock or other abnormal factors.

[0081] In step S11 of the present invention, by acquiring characteristic information, the operating status of the cable can be understood, and combined with the analysis of position coordinates, strain and vibration phase distribution values, a data basis is provided for cable fault detection, early warning and status evaluation.

[0082] In step S12, it is necessary to calculate according to the position coordinates to obtain the relative distance of the light pulse, including:

[0083] First, the position information of the cable measurement points is calculated. The measurement points in the cable are distributed in different physical locations. Each measurement point has a position coordinate. and Indicates The positions of the jth and jth measurement points on the X-axis.

[0084] Secondly, the relative distance of the light pulses between different measurement points is calculated as:

[0085]

[0086] In the formula, is the relative distance of the light pulse; For the The X-axis value of the position coordinates of the measurement points; is the X-axis value of the position coordinate of the jth measurement point.

[0087] In a specific embodiment, this formula is used to calculate the relative distance between different measurement points in the cable, reflecting the propagation characteristics of the light pulse in the optical fiber. By calculating the position difference, the internal state of the cable can be understood. For example, the change in distance means that the cable is subjected to external forces or structural changes have occurred.

[0088] Through such calculations, the propagation path of optical pulses in the cable can be accurately understood, providing data support for subsequent delay calculations and interference location positioning.

[0089] In step S13, it is necessary to calculate according to the relative distance of the optical pulse to obtain the relative delay of the optical pulse, including:

[0090] In a specific embodiment, the light pulse is relatively far away Reflects the measurement point in the cable The physical distance between the measuring point j and the measuring point j is calculated based on the relative distance of the optical pulse, wherein the calculation formula of the relative delay of the optical pulse is:

[0091]

[0092] In the formula, is the relative delay of the optical pulse; is the relative distance of the light pulse; c is the propagation speed of the light pulse in the optical fiber.

[0093] It should be noted that c is the propagation speed of the light pulse in the optical fiber, which is .

[0094] In a specific embodiment, the relative delay of the optical pulse reflects the time required for the optical signal to propagate from one location to another. By calculating this time, the propagation characteristics of the optical signal in the cable and the interference or obstruction it suffers can be identified.

[0095] For example, if the relative delays between multiple measurement points change, it indicates that there is interference or abnormality in the optical fiber path, such as mechanical stress concentration, temperature change or other external factors.

[0096] In step S14, it is necessary to perform fitting calculation according to the relative distance of the optical pulses and the relative delay of the optical pulses to obtain the optical pulse fitting distance and the optical pulse fitting delay, including:

[0097] In a specific embodiment, the purpose of the fitting calculation is to optimize the measured relative distance and delay through a mathematical model so that the data has higher smoothness and accuracy in space and time. Specifically, using the distance fitting coefficient and the delay fitting coefficient, a fitting curve can be constructed to reflect the actual situation of optical signal propagation in the cable.

[0098] Specifically, the calculation formula of the light pulse fitting distance is:

[0099]

[0100] In the formula, Fit distance for light pulses; is the distance fitting coefficient; is the relative distance of the light pulse;

[0101] It should be noted that the distance fitting coefficient The coefficients are obtained by performing regression analysis or least squares fitting methods on the actual measured data. These coefficients can reflect the nonlinear characteristics of the propagation path of the optical pulse in the cable. The following is a specific example to illustrate how to obtain the distance fitting coefficients.

[0102] First, it is necessary to collect the relative distance data of the light pulses at multiple measurement points. ;

[0103] Next, a fitting model is selected. The present invention adopts a quadratic polynomial model, namely:

[0104]

[0105] Specifically, the least squares method is used to determine these coefficients and construct the objective function of the sum of squared errors:

[0106]

[0107] Where n is the number of measured data points, and the error function S is used to Taking partial derivatives and setting them equal to zero, we obtain a set of linear equations, which can be solved to obtain the best fitting coefficients.

[0108] In a specific embodiment, the distance fitting coefficient is used to optimize the distance measurement data to make it closer to the actual propagation path of the optical signal. By adjusting these coefficients, it is possible to better adapt to the influence of bending and stress changes inside the cable and improve the accuracy of the optical signal propagation characteristics.

[0109] Specifically, the calculation formula of the optical pulse fitting delay is:

[0110]

[0111] In the formula, Fitting time delays to optical pulses; is the time delay fitting coefficient; is the relative delay of the optical pulse.

[0112] It should be noted that the delay fitting coefficient The coefficients are obtained by regression analysis or least squares fitting methods on actual measured data. These coefficients can reflect the nonlinear characteristics of the propagation path of the optical pulse in the cable. The following is a specific example to illustrate how to obtain the delay fitting coefficients.

[0113] First, we need to collect the relative delay data of the optical pulses. ;

[0114] Next, consistent with obtaining the distance fitting coefficient, a quadratic polynomial model is used for fitting:

[0115]

[0116] Using the same least squares principle as distance fitting, construct the error square sum objective function and solve the corresponding equations to obtain the fitting coefficients .

[0117] In a specific embodiment, the delay fitting coefficient can adjust the time characteristics of the optical signal during transmission, so that the calculation result is closer to the characteristics of the optical signal propagating in the actual cable, especially under interference or complex environmental conditions. Through fitting, abnormal conditions in the cable can be identified and located.

[0118] In step S15, it is necessary to perform a difference calculation based on the optical pulse fitting delay and the optical pulse relative delay to obtain a delay deviation value, including:

[0119] First, calculation is performed based on the optical pulse fitting delay and the optical pulse relative delay, wherein the calculation formula of the delay deviation value is:

[0120]

[0121] In the formula, is the delay deviation value; Fitting time delays to optical pulses; is the relative delay of the optical pulse.

[0122] It should be noted that the delay deviation value reflects the degree of propagation deviation of the optical pulse. The delay deviation value measures the changes in the propagation of the optical signal in the cable, such as mechanical deformation, external interference or signal propagation obstruction, by calculating the difference between the fitted delay and the actual relative delay. The deviation value can be used to determine abnormalities in the optical signal propagation path. If the value exceeds the preset threshold, it indicates that the cable has mechanical deformation or other abnormal conditions.

[0123] In step S16, when the delay deviation value is greater than a preset delay threshold, and the deviation between the vibration phase distribution value and the preset phase distribution value is greater than a preset deviation threshold, a calculation is performed according to the strain value and the optical pulse fitting distance to obtain the optical fiber microbending loss, including:

[0124] In a specific embodiment, the setting process of the preset delay threshold involves multiple steps, and the determination of the threshold is based on long-term monitoring and analysis of the cable system, taking into account the use environment and operating conditions of the cable. Long-term monitoring of the cable system is an important basis for establishing the delay threshold. By continuously collecting and analyzing the propagation data of the optical signal in the cable, the delay deviation distribution range of the cable under normal operation can be obtained. For example, in long-term monitoring, the delay deviation value of the optical signal is maintained within 2ns under normal circumstances. In practical applications, the cable is affected by various external environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and mechanical stress. These factors will cause changes in the propagation characteristics of the optical signal. Therefore, when setting the delay threshold, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the impact of these conditions on the delay and select a reasonable range. For example, in high temperature or humid environments in summer, the cable material will expand and contract with heat, resulting in fluctuations in the delay value. If the delay deviation value of the optical signal propagation is within 2ns under normal conditions, a slightly higher threshold (such as 5ns) can be set as a warning standard.

[0125] In a specific embodiment, the vibration phase distribution value is collected by a distributed optical fiber sensing system, reflecting the vibration change of the optical signal when it propagates in the optical fiber. This value is affected by factors such as environmental vibration and mechanical stress. The preset vibration phase deviation threshold is to set a reasonable deviation range by measuring the phase change of the optical fiber under different vibration frequencies and amplitudes. The setting of this range needs to take into account the sensitivity of the optical fiber and the typical characteristics of external vibrations. For example, if the phase deviation under normal vibration conditions in a system is within 5 degrees, 10 degrees can be set as the threshold. When the measured vibration phase deviation exceeds this range, it indicates that there is a structural change or external interference.

[0126] In a specific embodiment, when the deviation of the delay deviation value and the vibration phase distribution exceeds a preset threshold, the optical fiber microbending loss is calculated to further evaluate the structural state of the cable, wherein the calculation formula of the optical fiber microbending loss is:

[0127]

[0128] In the formula, is the optical fiber microbending loss; is the loss coefficient; Fit distance for light pulses; is the strain value.

[0129] It should be noted that optical fiber microbend loss is the optical power loss caused by bending and deformation of the optical fiber when it is subjected to external force or stress. When the optical fiber is bent, the optical signal will deviate from the original propagation path, causing part of the optical signal to scatter or leak, thereby increasing the loss. A higher microbend loss (0.001 dB / m) indicates that the optical fiber has been subjected to greater mechanical stress or structural changes at this location, which requires attention. This calculation can help determine whether there is severe stress concentration, external impact or potential damage in the cable.

[0130] In step S17, when the optical fiber microbending loss is greater than a preset loss threshold, ant colony characteristic data is acquired, wherein the ant colony characteristic data includes the number of ant colonies, termite colony density index, average distribution number of queen ants, termite tunnel length, termite activity coefficient, cable cross-sectional area, termite occurrence interval and cable length, including:

[0131] In a specific embodiment, optical fiber microbending loss is caused by external forces such as mechanical stress or bending on the optical fiber, which results in propagation loss of optical signals. When the optical fiber microbending loss exceeds a preset threshold value under normal working conditions, it indicates that the cable is subjected to greater stress or structural changes at that position.

[0132] It should be noted that the preset loss threshold is set based on the characteristics of the cable material, the design requirements of the optical fiber, and long-term monitoring and experimental analysis. For example, under normal operating conditions, the microbend loss value of the optical fiber does not exceed 0.005 dB / m, and after experimental and simulation tests, 0.01dB / m is determined as the threshold. When the measured value exceeds this level, it indicates that there is mechanical deformation or external impact, and further monitoring is required.

[0133] Next, after detecting abnormal microbending loss values, the system will enter the stage of acquiring ant colony characteristic data. The acquisition of ant colony characteristic data relies on a variety of monitoring means and methods. First, sensitive biological monitoring sensors can be installed around the cable to capture the characteristics of termite activity in real time, detect signals such as tiny vibrations, temperature and humidity changes, and estimate the number, density and activity of ant colonies. At the same time, with the help of distributed fiber optic sensing technology, infrared detectors and imaging equipment, the heat and humidity changes around the cable are monitored, anomalies caused by termite activity are identified, and the length of ant tunnels is measured. Regular manual sampling and field surveys can also supplement and verify sensor data to confirm the number of ant colonies and the distribution of queen ants. In addition, modeling and analysis based on historical termite activity records can predict and quantify ant colony characteristics. Using wireless beacons or micro trackers to track termite movement paths and activity areas can also help accurately describe the activity characteristics of ant colonies and provide scientific support for cable monitoring and protection.

[0134] It should be noted that the ant colony characteristic data is used to analyze and evaluate the termite activities around the cable, including the number of ant colonies, termite colony density index, average number of queen ants, length of termite tunnels, termite activity coefficient, cable cross-sectional area, termite occurrence interval and cable length. The number of ant colonies refers to the number of termites in a specific area. For example, the number of termites detected in a monitoring area is 500, which indicates that the overall scale of termite activities in the area is large. The termite colony density index describes the distribution density of termites in a certain area. If the area of ​​the area is , the density index is , which indicates that termite activity is concentrated. The average distribution number of queen ants indicates the number of queen ants in each ant colony, which is closely related to the reproductive capacity of the ant colony. For example, if there are 5 queen ants in a colony, it means that the colony has strong reproductive capacity and expansion potential. The length of the termite tunnel describes the length of the termite activity path around the cable, which is related to the scope and influence of termite infestation. For example, a 2-meter tunnel length means that the termites have a wide range of activities. The termite activity coefficient reflects the activity level of termites and is affected by environmental factors such as temperature and humidity. For example, if the activity coefficient is 0.8 (the full value is 1), it means that the termites are in a highly active state and have a greater risk of erosion to the cable. Cable cross-sectional area and length, such as and 100 meters, which are used to calculate the potential impact and invasion degree of termite activity on cables, helping to assess the scope and extent of the threat. The termite occurrence interval defines the area of ​​the cable affected by termites. For example, a 20-meter occurrence interval indicates that special attention and protection is required to reduce the damage caused by termites to the cables.

[0135] In step S18, calculations need to be performed based on the ant colony characteristic data to obtain the ant colony activity coefficient and ant colony density, including:

[0136] First, calculation is performed based on the ant colony characteristic data obtained in step S17 to obtain the ant colony activity coefficient and the ant colony density, wherein the calculation formula of the ant colony activity coefficient is:

[0137]

[0138] In the formula, is the ant colony activity coefficient; k is the termite activity coefficient; M is the number of ant colonies; is the cable length; g is the cable cross-sectional area;

[0139] It should be noted that the ant colony activity coefficient is used to quantitatively describe the activity of termites in the cable area. The higher the coefficient, the more frequent the termite activity and the greater the threat to the cable. It takes into account the number of termites, environmental conditions and the geometric characteristics of the cable, and can provide an overall assessment of the potential impact of termite activity on the cable.

[0140] Exemplarily, the calculation formula of the ant colony density is:

[0141]

[0142] In the formula, θ is the ant colony density; e is the termite colony density index; ρ is the average distribution number of queen ants; is the length of termite tunnels; LH is the termite occurrence range.

[0143] It should be noted that ant colony density is used to measure the distribution concentration of termites in a specific area. The higher the density, the more serious the termite invasion and threat to the area. By calculating the ant colony density, you can intuitively understand the concentration of termites' potential impact on cables.

[0144] In step S19, when the ant colony activity coefficient is greater than a preset ant colony activity coefficient threshold and the ant colony density is greater than a preset ant colony density threshold, a cable assessment protection operation is performed, including:

[0145] In a specific embodiment, the threshold setting of the ant colony activity coefficient is based on long-term monitoring and data analysis of termite activity around cables. For example, when the activity coefficient is less than 500, the threat to the cable is small. When the activity coefficient exceeds 700, the termite activity reaches a high risk level and further assessment operations are required. Therefore, 700 can be used as a preset threshold. When the activity coefficient exceeds this value, it indicates that there is a risk. Similarly, the threshold of the ant colony density is determined by studying the distribution density of termites in a specific area and their impact on cable erosion. For example, when the density is within 3000, the impact on the cable is low, and when it exceeds 5000, it indicates that termites are threatening the cable in a concentrated manner. Therefore, 5000 can be used as a preset threshold for the ant colony density.

[0146] For example, when it is detected that both the ant colony activity coefficient and density exceed the set threshold, the system will start the cable assessment protection operation. First, it includes obtaining the real-time load current of the cable, which is monitored in real time by the current sensor or current transformer on the cable. The real-time load current reflects the actual current value carried by the cable in the current operating state. In addition, it is also necessary to obtain the maximum load current of the cable, which is the maximum current value that the cable can safely carry, which is provided by the design parameters of the cable and the manufacturer.

[0147] Specifically, the calculation formula of the load evaluation value is:

[0148]

[0149] Where, E is the load evaluation value; is the maximum load current; is the real-time load current.

[0150] It should be noted that E stands for the load assessment value, which reflects the gap between the current load status of the cable and its maximum load-bearing capacity. A higher load assessment value (0.1) means that the cable is running close to or exceeding its designed load-bearing capacity, and there is a risk of overload. For example, if the maximum load current of a cable is 500A, and the load current monitored in real time is 450A, the calculated load assessment value is 0.1. If the preset load assessment threshold is 0.08, this indicates that the current load exceeds the safety range and will cause the cable to overheat or be damaged. The calculation of the load assessment value can intuitively reflect the operating status of the cable and the risk of overload. When the load assessment value exceeds the set threshold, cable protection measures must be taken to reduce the risk.

[0151] Specifically, protection operations include load shedding to reduce the load current on the cable; reconfiguring the cable's running path to reduce local overloads; or taking cooling and insulation measures to reduce the temperature rise caused by overloads. In addition, the entire cable system can be ensured to operate stably and safely by detecting and repairing damaged cable segments.

[0152] The following describes the working process of the present invention using a common scenario as an example. Figure 2 , which is Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the working scenario of the method.

[0153] In a typical underground cable application scenario in tropical areas, due to the humid environment and warm climate conditions, termites are active in the area, which brings potential safety risks to the operation of the cable. In order to ensure the safety and stability of the cable, the embedded distributed optical fiber intelligent sensing system of the present invention is used to monitor the status of the cable in real time and protect it.

[0154] First, in step S11, the characteristic information of the cable, including position coordinates, strain values, and vibration phase distribution values, is obtained through the distributed optical fiber sensing system embedded in the cable. Specifically, the optical fiber sensor determines the spatial position of the measurement point by detecting the reflection and scattering of the optical pulse at different positions of the cable. These position coordinates provide an accurate spatial basis for the subsequent calculation of the relative distance and delay of the optical pulse. At the same time, the system uses Brillouin scattering and Raman scattering techniques to obtain the strain values ​​of the cable at different positions, which reflects the mechanical deformation of the cable during operation. In addition, the phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) technology is used to monitor the phase change of the optical signal caused by external vibration or mechanical shock to obtain the vibration phase distribution value. These data combined provide multi-dimensional information for cable status monitoring.

[0155] Next, in steps S12 and S13, the system calculates the relative distance of the optical pulse based on the acquired coordinates of the measurement point positions. Assuming that the X coordinates of the two measurement points in the cable are 2 meters and 5 meters respectively, the relative distance is calculated to be approximately 4.58 meters. Based on this distance, the relative delay of the optical pulse is calculated, and the delay is approximately 22.9 nanoseconds. These data are used to analyze the propagation of optical signals and identify existing interference or abnormal phenomena, such as mechanical stress concentration or external impact.

[0156] In steps S14 and S15, in order to improve the accuracy of the data, the system performs quadratic polynomial fitting on the relative distance and delay of the optical pulse to obtain the fitted distance and delay. The purpose of fitting is to optimize the measured data through a mathematical model to make it closer to the actual propagation path and time characteristics of the optical signal. Then, the system calculates the difference between the fitted delay and the actual relative delay, that is, the delay deviation value. If the deviation value exceeds the set threshold, combined with the monitoring results of the vibration phase distribution deviation, it indicates that the cable is subjected to greater mechanical stress or external interference at this position.

[0157] In step S16, when the delay deviation and vibration phase deviation are detected, the system further calculates the microbend loss of the optical fiber. Microbend loss is a phenomenon in which the optical signal loss increases due to mechanical stress or structural changes in the optical fiber. Assuming that in this scenario, the measured microbend loss is 0.01 dB / m, which exceeds the normal threshold of 0.005 dB / m, indicating that the optical fiber is subjected to greater mechanical stress at this position and requires further monitoring and analysis.

[0158] After detecting abnormal microbend loss, the system enters step S17 to obtain ant colony characteristic data. Through biological monitoring sensors and distributed optical fiber sensing technology, it is detected that the number of termites in the area is 500 and the colony density is , the length of the ant tunnel is 2 meters, the number of queen ants is 5, and the activity coefficient is 0.8. These data show that termites are active in this area frequently and have strong expansion capabilities, posing a potential threat to the safety of cables.

[0159] In step S18, the system calculates the ant colony activity coefficient and ant colony density based on the acquired ant colony characteristic data. For example, the activity coefficient is calculated to be 800 and the density is calculated to be 5000, both exceeding the set safety threshold. This means that the activity of termites poses a greater threat to the cable and corresponding protective measures must be taken.

[0160] In step S19, the system starts the cable assessment and protection operation. First, the load current of the cable is obtained in real time through the current sensor, assuming it is 450A, and compared with the maximum load current of the cable, 500A, the calculated load assessment value is 0.1, which exceeds the preset threshold of 0.08. This indicates that the cable is at risk of overload. The system immediately takes protective measures, including reducing the load current on the cable, reconfiguring the operation path, or adding insulation measures to ensure the safety and stability of the cable. In addition, the cables in the affected areas are inspected and repaired to reduce the impact of termite erosion and mechanical stress. Through a comprehensive assessment of ant colony activity and cable load, the system can effectively protect the long-term operation safety of the cable.

[0161] In summary, the present invention provides a monitoring method for an embedded distributed optical fiber intelligent sensing cable, which obtains the characteristic information of the cable, including the position coordinates, strain value and vibration phase distribution value, and performs fitting operation in combination with the calculation of the relative distance and relative delay of the optical pulse to obtain the fitting distance and fitting delay of the optical pulse. By calculating the deviation of the delay deviation value and the vibration phase distribution value, the microbend loss of the optical fiber is further analyzed to determine whether there is an abnormality in the cable. When the optical fiber microbend loss exceeds the preset threshold, the ant colony characteristic data is obtained, and the ant colony activity coefficient and density are calculated, so as to perform a comprehensive cable status assessment and protection.

[0162] The present invention has real-time performance and sensitivity during the monitoring process, avoids the limitations on the number and arrangement of traditional sensors, and can accurately locate the interference position on the cable.

[0163] Reference Figure 2 The second embodiment of the present invention provides a monitoring system with an embedded distributed optical fiber intelligent sensing cable, comprising:

[0164] A feature acquisition module, used to acquire cable feature information, wherein the cable feature information includes position coordinates, strain values, and vibration phase distribution values;

[0165] A distance calculation module, used to calculate according to the position coordinates to obtain the relative distance of the light pulse;

[0166] A delay calculation module, used to calculate the relative delay of the optical pulse according to the relative distance of the optical pulse;

[0167] A fitting calculation module, used for performing fitting calculation according to the relative distance of the optical pulses and the relative delay of the optical pulses to obtain a fitting distance of the optical pulses and a fitting delay of the optical pulses;

[0168] A deviation calculation module, used for performing difference calculation based on the optical pulse fitting delay and the optical pulse relative delay to obtain a delay deviation value;

[0169] a loss calculation module, configured to calculate, when the delay deviation value is greater than a preset delay threshold and the deviation between the vibration phase distribution value and the preset phase distribution value is greater than a preset deviation threshold, obtain the optical fiber microbending loss according to the strain value and the optical pulse fitting distance;

[0170] An ant colony data acquisition module, used for acquiring ant colony characteristic data when the optical fiber microbending loss is greater than a preset loss threshold, wherein the ant colony characteristic data includes the number of ant colonies, termite colony density index, average distribution number of queen ants, length of termite tunnels, termite activity coefficient, cable cross-sectional area, termite occurrence interval and cable length;

[0171] An ant colony characteristic calculation module, used to calculate according to the ant colony characteristic data to obtain an ant colony activity coefficient and an ant colony density;

[0172] The cable evaluation and protection module is used to perform a cable evaluation and protection operation when the ant colony activity coefficient is greater than a preset ant colony activity coefficient threshold and the ant colony density is greater than a preset ant colony density threshold.

[0173] Preferably, the feature acquisition module is specifically used to acquire cable feature information, wherein the cable feature information includes position coordinates, strain values ​​and vibration phase distribution values.

[0174] Preferably, the distance calculation module is specifically used to calculate according to the position coordinates to obtain the relative distance of the light pulse, including:

[0175] The calculation formula of the relative distance of the light pulse is:

[0176]

[0177] In the formula, is the relative distance of the light pulse; For the The X-axis value of the position coordinates of the measurement points; is the X-axis value of the position coordinate of the jth measurement point.

[0178] Preferably, the delay calculation module is specifically used to calculate according to the relative distance of the optical pulse to obtain the relative delay of the optical pulse, including:

[0179] The calculation formula of the relative delay of the optical pulse is:

[0180]

[0181] In the formula, is the relative delay of the optical pulse; is the relative distance of the light pulse; c is the propagation speed of the light pulse in the optical fiber.

[0182] Preferably, the fitting calculation module is specifically used to perform fitting calculation according to the relative distance of the optical pulses and the relative delay of the optical pulses to obtain the optical pulse fitting distance and the optical pulse fitting delay, including:

[0183] The calculation formula of the optical pulse fitting distance is:

[0184]

[0185] In the formula, Fit distance for light pulses; is the distance fitting coefficient; is the relative distance of the light pulse;

[0186] The calculation formula of the optical pulse fitting delay is:

[0187]

[0188] In the formula, Fitting time delays to optical pulses; is the time delay fitting coefficient; is the relative delay of the optical pulse.

[0189] Preferably, the deviation calculation module is specifically used to perform a difference calculation based on the optical pulse fitting delay and the optical pulse relative delay to obtain a delay deviation value, including:

[0190] The calculation formula of the delay deviation value is:

[0191]

[0192] In the formula, is the delay deviation value; Fitting time delays to optical pulses; is the relative delay of the optical pulse.

[0193] Preferably, the loss calculation module is specifically used to calculate according to the strain value and the optical pulse fitting distance to obtain the optical fiber microbending loss when the delay deviation value is greater than a preset delay threshold and the deviation between the vibration phase distribution value and the preset phase distribution value is greater than a preset deviation threshold, including:

[0194] The calculation formula of the optical fiber microbend loss is:

[0195]

[0196] In the formula, is the optical fiber microbending loss; is the loss coefficient; Fit distance for light pulses; is the strain value.

[0197] Preferably, the ant colony data acquisition module is specifically used to obtain ant colony characteristic data when the optical fiber micro-bending loss is greater than a preset loss threshold, wherein the ant colony characteristic data includes the number of ant colonies, termite colony density index, average distribution number of queen ants, length of termite tunnels, termite activity coefficient, cable cross-sectional area, termite occurrence interval and cable length.

[0198] Preferably, the ant colony characteristic calculation module is specifically used to calculate according to the ant colony characteristic data to obtain the ant colony activity coefficient and the ant colony density, including:

[0199] The calculation formula of the ant colony activity coefficient is:

[0200]

[0201] In the formula, is the ant colony activity coefficient; k is the termite activity coefficient; M is the number of ant colonies; is the cable length; g is the cable cross-sectional area;

[0202] The calculation formula of the ant colony density is:

[0203]

[0204] In the formula, θ is the ant colony density; e is the termite colony density index; ρ is the average distribution number of queen ants; is the length of termite tunnel; LHE is the termite occurrence interval.

[0205] Preferably, the cable assessment and protection module is specifically used to perform a cable assessment and protection operation when the ant colony activity coefficient is greater than a preset ant colony activity coefficient threshold and the ant colony density is greater than a preset ant colony density threshold, including:

[0206] The cable protection assessment operation includes:

[0207] Obtain the real-time load current of the cable, and calculate based on the maximum load current of the cable to obtain the load evaluation value;

[0208] When the load evaluation value is greater than a preset load evaluation threshold, a cable protection operation is performed.

[0209] The calculation formula of the load evaluation value is:

[0210]

[0211] Where, E is the load evaluation value; is the maximum load current; is the real-time load current.

[0212] It should be noted that the monitoring system of an embedded distributed optical fiber intelligent sensing cable provided in an embodiment of the present invention is used to execute all the process steps of the monitoring method of an embedded distributed optical fiber intelligent sensing cable in the above-mentioned embodiment. The working principles and beneficial effects of the two correspond one to one, and therefore will not be repeated here.

[0213] The embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device. The electronic device includes: a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, such as a distance calculation program. When the processor executes the computer program, the steps in the above-mentioned monitoring method embodiments of the embedded distributed optical fiber intelligent sensing cable are implemented, such as Figure 1 Alternatively, when the processor executes the computer program, the functions of the modules / units in the above-mentioned system embodiments are realized, such as the delay calculation module.

[0214] Exemplarily, the computer program may be divided into one or more modules / units, which are stored in the memory and executed by the processor to implement the present invention. The one or more modules / units may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of implementing specific functions, which are used to describe the execution process of the computer program in the electronic device.

[0215] The electronic device may be a computing device such as a desktop computer, a notebook, a PDA, and a smart tablet. The electronic device may include, but is not limited to, a processor and a memory. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above components are merely examples of electronic devices and do not constitute a limitation on the electronic device. The electronic device may include more or fewer components than the above components, or may combine certain components, or different components. For example, the electronic device may also include input and output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.

[0216] The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc. The processor is the control center of the electronic device, and uses various interfaces and lines to connect various parts of the entire electronic device.

[0217] The memory can be used to store the computer program and / or module, and the processor realizes various functions of the electronic device by running or executing the computer program and / or module stored in the memory, and calling the data stored in the memory. The memory can mainly include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area can store an operating system, an application required for at least one function (such as a sound playback function, an image playback function, etc.), etc.; the data storage area can store data created according to the use of the mobile phone (such as audio data, a phone book, etc.), etc. In addition, the memory can include a high-speed random access memory, and can also include a non-volatile memory, such as a hard disk, a memory, a plug-in hard disk, a smart memory card (Smart Media Card, SMC), a secure digital (Secure Digital, SD) card, a flash card (Flash Card), at least one disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage devices.

[0218] Wherein, if the module / unit integrated in the electronic device is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the present invention implements all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment method, and can also be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the computer program can implement the steps of the above-mentioned various method embodiments when executed by the processor. Wherein, the computer program includes computer program code, and the computer program code can be in source code form, object code form, executable file or some intermediate form. The computer-readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording medium, U disk, mobile hard disk, disk, optical disk, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), electric carrier signal, telecommunication signal and software distribution medium. It should be noted that the content contained in the computer-readable medium can be appropriately increased or decreased according to the requirements of legislation and patent practice in the jurisdiction. For example, in some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, computer-readable media do not include electric carrier signals and telecommunication signals.

[0219] It should be noted that the system embodiment described above is merely illustrative, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the scheme of this embodiment. In addition, in the drawings of the system embodiment provided by the present invention, the connection relationship between the modules indicates that there is a communication connection between them, which may be specifically implemented as one or more communication buses or signal lines. A person of ordinary skill in the art may understand and implement it without paying any creative effort.

[0220] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. It is particularly pointed out that for those skilled in the art, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A monitoring method for an embedded distributed optical fiber intelligent sensing cable, characterized in that: include: Acquiring cable characteristic information, wherein the cable characteristic information includes position coordinates, strain values, and vibration phase distribution values; Calculating according to the position coordinates to obtain the relative distance of the light pulse; Calculating according to the relative distance of the optical pulses to obtain the relative delay of the optical pulses; Perform fitting calculation according to the relative distance of the optical pulses and the relative time delay of the optical pulses to obtain a fitting distance of the optical pulses and a fitting time delay of the optical pulses; Performing a difference calculation based on the optical pulse fitting delay and the optical pulse relative delay to obtain a delay deviation value; When the delay deviation value is greater than a preset delay threshold, and the deviation between the vibration phase distribution value and the preset phase distribution value is greater than a preset deviation threshold, calculating according to the strain value and the optical pulse fitting distance to obtain the optical fiber microbending loss; When the optical fiber microbending loss is greater than a preset loss threshold, acquiring ant colony characteristic data, wherein the ant colony characteristic data includes the number of ant colonies, termite colony density index, average distribution number of queen ants, length of termite tunnels, termite activity coefficient, cable cross-sectional area, termite occurrence interval and cable length; Calculating according to the ant colony characteristic data to obtain an ant colony activity coefficient and an ant colony density; When the ant colony activity coefficient is greater than a preset ant colony activity coefficient threshold, and the ant colony density is greater than a preset ant colony density threshold, a cable evaluation and protection operation is performed.

2. The monitoring method of the embedded distributed optical fiber intelligent sensing cable according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The calculation formula of the relative distance of the light pulse is: In the formula, is the relative distance of the light pulse; For the The X-axis value of the position coordinates of the measurement points; is the X-axis value of the position coordinate of the jth measurement point.

3. The monitoring method of the embedded distributed optical fiber intelligent sensing cable according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The calculation formula of the relative delay of the optical pulse is: In the formula, is the relative delay of the optical pulse; is the relative distance of the light pulse; c is the propagation speed of the light pulse in the optical fiber.

4. The monitoring method of the embedded distributed optical fiber intelligent sensing cable according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The calculation formula of the optical pulse fitting distance is: In the formula, Fit distance for light pulses; is the distance fitting coefficient; is the relative distance of the light pulse; The calculation formula of the optical pulse fitting delay is: In the formula, Fitting time delays to optical pulses; is the time delay fitting coefficient; is the relative delay of the optical pulse.

5. The monitoring method of the embedded distributed optical fiber intelligent sensing cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the delay deviation value is: In the formula, is the delay deviation value; Fitting time delays to optical pulses; is the relative delay of the optical pulse.

6. The monitoring method of embedded distributed optical fiber intelligent sensing cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the optical fiber microbend loss is: In the formula, is the optical fiber microbending loss; is the loss coefficient; Fit distance for light pulses; is the strain value.

7. The monitoring method of embedded distributed optical fiber intelligent sensing cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the ant colony activity coefficient is: In the formula, is the ant colony activity coefficient; k is the termite activity coefficient; M is the number of ant colonies; is the cable length; g is the cable cross-sectional area; The calculation formula of the ant colony density is: In the formula, θ is the ant colony density; e is the termite colony density index; ρ is the average distribution number of queen ants; is the length of termite tunnels; LH is the termite occurrence range.

8. The monitoring method of embedded distributed optical fiber intelligent sensing cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cable protection assessment operation includes: Obtain the real-time load current of the cable, and calculate based on the maximum load current of the cable to obtain the load evaluation value; When the load evaluation value is greater than a preset load evaluation threshold, a cable protection operation is performed.

9. The monitoring method of the embedded distributed optical fiber intelligent sensing cable according to claim 8, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the load evaluation value is: Where, E is the load evaluation value; is the maximum load current; is the real-time load current.

10. A monitoring system with an embedded distributed optical fiber intelligent sensing cable, characterized in that: include: A feature acquisition module, used to acquire cable feature information, wherein the cable feature information includes position coordinates, strain values, and vibration phase distribution values; A distance calculation module, used to calculate according to the position coordinates to obtain the relative distance of the light pulse; A delay calculation module, used to calculate the relative delay of the optical pulse according to the relative distance of the optical pulse; A fitting calculation module, used for performing fitting calculation according to the relative distance of the optical pulses and the relative delay of the optical pulses to obtain a fitting distance of the optical pulses and a fitting delay of the optical pulses; A deviation calculation module, used for performing difference calculation based on the optical pulse fitting delay and the optical pulse relative delay to obtain a delay deviation value; a loss calculation module, configured to calculate, when the delay deviation value is greater than a preset delay threshold and the deviation between the vibration phase distribution value and the preset phase distribution value is greater than a preset deviation threshold, obtain the optical fiber microbending loss according to the strain value and the optical pulse fitting distance; An ant colony data acquisition module, used for acquiring ant colony characteristic data when the optical fiber microbending loss is greater than a preset loss threshold, wherein the ant colony characteristic data includes the number of ant colonies, termite colony density index, average distribution number of queen ants, length of termite tunnels, termite activity coefficient, cable cross-sectional area, termite occurrence interval and cable length; An ant colony characteristic calculation module, used to calculate according to the ant colony characteristic data to obtain an ant colony activity coefficient and an ant colony density; The cable evaluation and protection module is used to perform a cable evaluation and protection operation when the ant colony activity coefficient is greater than a preset ant colony activity coefficient threshold and the ant colony density is greater than a preset ant colony density threshold.

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