Frequency spectrum sensing internet of things communication fair access method and system

Abstract

The invention provides a spectrum sensing internet of things communication fair access method and system, and the method comprises the steps: building a spectrum sensing internet of things communication system model which is a model integrating cognitive radio, energy collection and environment backscatter communication; according to the spectrum sensing-based internet-of-things communication system model, energy constraints, time resource constraints and QoS constraints of a main communication link are considered, and a fair access problem of throughput maximization of a spectrum sensing internet-of-things communication system is constructed; and converting the fair access problem into a convex optimization problem, and solving the convex optimization problem by using a convex optimization solver to obtain the fair access parameter of the Internet of Things communication. According to the Internet of Things communication system model based on spectrum sensing, the utilization rate of spectrum resources can be improved, and fair access of Internet of Things communication is achieved under the condition that multiple constraints are comprehensively considered.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of Internet of Things communication technology, and in particular to a spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication fair access method and system. Background Art

[0002] The Internet of Things is a network that connects any object to the Internet through information sensing devices and in accordance with agreed protocols to exchange information and communicate, so as to achieve intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management. It is an inevitable development trend to use IoT technology to cross-integrate technology with other fields. However, due to the explosive growth of IoT devices, IoT communication is very challenging, and many bandwidth-requiring devices compete with each other for very limited communication bandwidth. Therefore, the lack of spectrum resources has become an important challenge for the large-scale deployment of IoT devices, and it is urgent to design a fair access method for IoT communication. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention provides a spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication fair access method and system to solve the defect of insufficient spectrum resources in the prior art. The spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system model of the present invention can improve the utilization rate of spectrum resources and realize fair access to Internet of Things communications under comprehensive consideration of multiple constraints.

[0004] The present invention provides a spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication fair access method, comprising: establishing a spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system model; the spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system model is a model integrating cognitive radio, energy harvesting and environmental backscattering communication; based on the spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system model, considering energy constraints, time resource constraints and QoS constraints of a main communication link, constructing a spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system throughput maximization fair access problem; converting the fair access problem into a convex optimization problem, and using a convex optimization solver to solve the convex optimization problem to obtain Internet of Things communication fair access parameters.

[0005] According to a spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication fair access method provided by the present invention, the Internet of Things communication system includes a base station, a mobile terminal with authorized spectrum resources, a plurality of tags and a reader with unauthorized spectrum resources; at the same time, the base station is used to communicate with the mobile terminal through a main communication link; the establishment of a spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system model includes: performing spectrum sensing within a preset time block by the tag to obtain a spectrum sensing result; the spectrum sensing result is used to determine the channel state of the main communication link; dividing the preset time block into a channel busy time period and a channel idle time period according to the spectrum sensing result; within the channel busy time period, the channel state of the main communication link is a busy state, and the tag sequentially performs radio frequency energy collection of the base station and backscatter communication with the reader; within the channel idle time period, the channel state of the main communication link is an idle state, and the tag accesses the reader in an interleaved mode for active communication.

[0006] According to a spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication fair access method provided by the present invention, the tag is also used to collect non-radio frequency energy within the preset time block.

[0007] According to a spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication fair access method provided by the present invention, the spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system model based on the spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system considers energy constraints, time resource constraints and QoS constraints of the main communication link to construct a spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system throughput maximization fair access problem, including: Objective function:

[0008] Wherein, C1 is the QoS constraint of the primary communication link, C2 is the energy constraint, C3 is the channel busy time period constraint in the time resource constraint, C4 is the channel idle time period constraint in the time resource constraint, C5 is the backscatter coefficient constraint, and C6 is the power time parameter constraint. For the multi-objective dictionary optimization problem, is the channel idle time period, is the backscattering time period, is the set of backscatter coefficients of the tag, is the active communication transmission power set of the tag,n To specify a label, S is a set of labels of several unlicensed spectrum resources, For the n The throughput of the tags is is the number of labels, For the n The backscatter communication time of each tag, For the n The backscatter coefficient of each tag is is the transmission power of the base station, For base station- n The channel gain of the tag is For the n The channel gain of each tag-terminal device, is the channel gain between base station and mobile terminal, σ 2 is the noise power, is the QoS constraint for mobile terminals, is the energy conversion efficiency, is the energy harvesting period, i For a specific tag, is the backscatter communication time of a specified tag, is the proportion of energy harvesting, is the spectrum sensing time period, is the average value of the non-RF energy collected by the tag in the entire preset time block, For the n The active communication transmission power of each tag is is the power consumed by the circuit when the tag actively communicates, For the n The active communication time of each tag, is the power consumed by the circuit when the tag is backscattering communication, The energy consumed by the tag for spectrum sensing is is the coefficient of channel idle time, is the preset time block, is the channel gain of the nth tag-reader.

[0009] According to a spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication fair access method provided by the present invention, the fair access problem is converted into a convex optimization problem, and a convex optimization solver is used to solve the convex optimization problem to obtain the Internet of Things communication fair access parameter, including: decomposing the fair access problem into two sub-problems: a first sub-problem: maximizing the throughput of the worst link among several tags; a second sub-problem: maximizing the overall throughput of the system; The first sub-problem is obtained based on the objective function:

[0010] Introducing constraints ; The second sub-problem is obtained based on the objective function:

[0011] Introducing constraints ; Introducing slack variables ; Introduce auxiliary variables Replace the coupling variable; the coupling variable is , and ; The first subproblem and the second subproblem are converted into convex problems using the convex difference algorithm and the Lagrangian dual decomposition theory; the first subproblem is solved by a convex optimization solver to obtain an optimization result; the optimization result is used as an input condition for the second subproblem, and the second subproblem is solved by a convex optimization solver to obtain the backscattering coefficient, active transmission power, backscattering communication time and active communication time of all tags; in, For the n The throughput configuration factor of the labels, This is the optimization result.

[0012] According to a spectrum-aware fair access method for Internet of Things communications provided by the present invention, the convex optimization solver is specifically used to cyclically iterate and solve the value of the optimization variable, and use the subgradient method to update the value of the Lagrange multiplier in each iteration, and cyclically iterate and update the throughput until the throughput meets the convergence condition; the optimization variable is , , and .

[0013] The present invention also provides a spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication fair access system, comprising: a model building module, used to establish a spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system model; a problem construction module, used to construct a fair access problem for maximizing the throughput of the spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system based on the spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system model, taking into account energy constraints, time resource constraints and QoS constraints of the main communication link; and a solution module, used to convert the fair access problem into a convex optimization problem, and use a convex optimization solver to solve the convex optimization problem to obtain Internet of Things communication fair access parameters.

[0014] The present invention also provides an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, the spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication fair access method as described in any one of the above is implemented.

[0015] The present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for fair access to spectrum-aware Internet of Things communications as described in any one of the above is implemented.

[0016] The present invention also provides a computer program product, including a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements any of the spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication fair access methods described above.

[0017] The present invention provides a spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication fair access method and system, the method comprising: establishing a spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system model, the spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system model being a model integrating cognitive radio, energy harvesting and environmental backscattering communication; based on the spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system model, considering energy constraints, time resource constraints and QoS constraints of the main communication link, constructing a spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system throughput maximization fair access problem; converting the fair access problem into a convex optimization problem, and using a convex optimization solver to solve the convex optimization problem to obtain Internet of Things communication fair access parameters. The present invention is based on the spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system model, which can improve the utilization rate of spectrum resources and realize fair access to Internet of Things communications under comprehensive consideration of multiple constraints. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication fair access method provided by the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system model provided by the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the flow chart for solving the first sub-problem provided by the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the flow chart for solving the second sub-problem provided by the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of a spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication fair access system provided by the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the electronic device provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] The Internet of Things (IoT) is the Internet of Things between objects. It is an extension and expansion of the Internet and communication networks. It makes full use of existing network technologies, combined with sensor and radio frequency identification technologies, to achieve information exchange and seamless connection between objects and people, and between objects. With the rapid growth of the number of IoT devices, their competition for wireless spectrum resources is becoming increasingly fierce.

[0027] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a flow chart of a spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication fair access method provided by the present invention.

[0028] In order to solve the problem of scarce spectrum resources in IoT communication scenarios and improve energy utilization efficiency, the present invention provides a spectrum-aware IoT communication fair access method, including: 101: Establish a spectrum-aware IoT communication system model; the spectrum-aware IoT communication system model is a model that integrates cognitive radio, energy harvesting, and environmental backscatter communication; 102: Based on the spectrum-aware IoT communication system model, considering the energy constraint, time resource constraint and QoS constraint of the main communication link, a fair access problem of maximizing the throughput of the spectrum-aware IoT communication system is constructed; 103: The fair access problem is converted into a convex optimization problem, and the convex optimization solver is used to solve the convex optimization problem to obtain the fair access parameters for IoT communication.

[0029] In order to alleviate the problem of tight spectrum resources, the present invention establishes a spectrum-aware IoT communication system model that integrates cognitive radio, energy harvesting and environmental backscatter communication. Then, based on the spectrum-aware IoT communication system model, the energy constraints, time resource constraints and QoS (Quality of Service) constraints of the main communication link are comprehensively considered. Under the premise of meeting fairness, how to reasonably allocate time resources and power resources and reasonably design system parameters is explored to maximize the throughput of the spectrum-aware IoT communication system and construct a fair access problem. Finally, the fair access problem (non-convex problem) is converted into a convex optimization problem, and the convex optimization solver is used to solve the convex optimization problem to obtain the fair access parameters of IoT communication. The spectrum-aware IoT communication system model of the present invention can improve the utilization rate of spectrum resources and realize fair access of IoT communication under comprehensive consideration of multiple constraints.

[0030] It should be noted that cognitive radio (CR) is a spectrum sharing technology with spectrum sensing capability. It can automatically sense the surrounding electromagnetic environment, dynamically detect and effectively utilize idle spectrum, which will greatly reduce the constraints of spectrum and bandwidth resources on the development of wireless communication technology. Applying cognitive radio to the field of the Internet of Things and improving spectrum utilization is an inevitable trend to alleviate the shortage of spectrum resources in the Internet of Things. In a cognitive radio network, unauthorized users can obtain the channel status of the current authorized users by periodically performing spectrum sensing, and select interleaving mode or underlying mode to access the main channel. In interleaving mode, unauthorized users can only successfully access the main channel when it is idle; in underlying mode, even if the main channel is occupied, unauthorized users can still access the main channel at a lower transmit power for communication to avoid excessive interference to authorized users.

[0031] Energy harvesting technology is a renewable energy technology that can effectively reduce the cost of IoT terminals and personnel maintenance costs. Low-power IoT devices (such as sensors, tags, etc.) can collect RF energy (such as 5G and WiFi signals, etc.) and non-RF energy (such as solar energy, thermal energy, etc.) in the environment and convert them into DC power and store them in batteries or capacitors, providing an energy source for spectrum sensing or low-power communication.

[0032] Different from the active communication mode, environmental backscatter communication is a passive low-power communication technology. The terminal itself does not need to generate a carrier. It changes the matching state of the antenna to reflect the existing RF source in the environment and complete the air modulation of the signal. Therefore, environmental backscatter communication does not require additional spectrum resources.

[0033] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2A schematic diagram of the principles of the spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system model provided by the present invention.

[0034] As a preferred embodiment, the Internet of Things communication system includes a base station, a mobile terminal with authorized spectrum resources, and a plurality of tags and readers with unauthorized spectrum resources; at the same time, the base station is used to communicate with the mobile terminal through a main communication link; a spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system model is established, including: spectrum sensing is performed by tags within a preset time block to obtain spectrum sensing results; the spectrum sensing results are used to determine the channel state of the main communication link; the preset time block is divided into a channel busy time period and a channel idle time period according to the spectrum sensing results; within the channel busy time period, the channel state of the main communication link is a busy state, and the tag sequentially performs radio frequency energy collection from the base station and backscatter communication with the reader; within the channel idle time period, the channel state of the main communication link is an idle state, and the tag accesses the reader in an interleaved mode for active communication.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment, the tag is also used to collect non-radio frequency energy within a preset time block.

[0036] In this embodiment, for IoT communication scenarios, such as logistics warehousing, smart home or smart factory, the IoT communication system includes a base station, a mobile terminal with authorized spectrum resources, N The tag (BD, Backscatter Device) and reader (RD, Reader) of unlicensed spectrum resources. N An unauthorized tag is waiting to access a reader to upload data. A base station (PT, Primary Transmitter) is deployed at N The base station and another mobile terminal (PR, Primary Receiver) with authorized spectrum resources are transmitting data. S= { n∈S|n= 1,2 ,…,N}, assuming that the channel of each link satisfies independent block fading, and that the tag and PR obtain the channel coefficients through good channel estimation before the start of each preset time block. The tags in the IoT communication system access the reader for backscattering and active communication based on time division multiple access (TDMA), which allocates the entire preset time block to the reader. T Divided into channel busy time period (spectrum sensing time period t S , Energy harvesting time period t E and backscattering time period t bs) and channel idle time period t as First, tags consume energy E S exist t S Spectrum sensing is performed within the range, and the results of spectrum sensing are used to define ( 1-β ) T The channel status is busy during the time period. βT The channel state is idle during the time period. While sensing the spectrum, the tag can collect part of the RF energy. γηP T h n t S Then, in the time period t E The internal tag collects radio frequency energy, and the collected energy satisfies the linear model η P T h n t E Secondly, in the time period t bs middle N Each tag performs backscatter communication in turn to transmit data to the reader. n The energy consumed by the circuit of a tag during backscatter communication is P cb t bn , the energy collected is ( 1-α n ) ηP T h n t bn The remaining tags that are not connected to the reader communication still collect RF energy. Similar to the underlying mode, backscatter communication will cause interference to the mobile terminal, but the interference signal power received at the mobile terminal is low. Assuming that the QoS constraint of the mobile terminal is R th Finally, in the time period t as Middle n The energy consumed by each tag in the interleaved mode is the sum of the energy consumed by the signal transmission and the circuit ( P an +P ca ) t an . In addition, the label is displayed throughout the preset time block TThe average value of non-RF energy collected in E o .

[0037] As a preferred embodiment, based on a spectrum-aware IoT communication system model, energy constraints, time resource constraints, and QoS constraints of a primary communication link are considered to construct a fair access problem for maximizing the throughput of a spectrum-aware IoT communication system, including: Objective function:

[0038] Among them, C1 is the QoS constraint of the main communication link, C2 is the energy constraint, C3 is the channel busy time period constraint in the time resource constraint, C4 is the channel idle time period constraint in the time resource constraint, C5 is the backscatter coefficient constraint, and C6 is the power time parameter constraint. For the multi-objective dictionary optimization problem, is the channel idle time period, is the backscattering time period, is the set of backscatter coefficients of the tag, The tag's active communication transmission power set, n To specify a label, S is a collection of labels of several unlicensed spectrum resources, For the n The throughput of the tags is is the number of labels, For the n The backscatter communication time of each tag, For the n The backscatter coefficient of each tag is is the transmission power of the base station, For base station- n The channel gain of the tag is For the n The channel gain of each tag-terminal device, is the channel gain between base station and mobile terminal, σ 2 is the noise power, is the QoS constraint for mobile terminals, is the energy conversion efficiency, is the energy harvesting period, i For a specific tag, is the backscatter communication time of a specified tag, is the proportion of energy harvesting, is the spectrum sensing time period, is the average value of the non-RF energy collected by the tag in the entire preset time block, For the n The active communication transmission power of each tag is is the power consumed by the circuit when the tag actively communicates, For the n The active communication time of each tag, is the power consumed by the circuit when the tag is backscattering communication, The energy consumed by the tag for spectrum sensing is is the coefficient of channel idle time, For preset time blocks, is the channel gain of the nth tag-reader.

[0039] Please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the flow chart for solving the first sub-problem provided by the present invention.

[0040] Please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the flow chart for solving the second sub-problem provided by the present invention.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment, the fair access problem is converted into a convex optimization problem, and the convex optimization solver is used to solve the convex optimization problem to obtain fair access parameters for IoT communication, including: decomposing the fair access problem into two sub-problems: a first sub-problem: maximizing the throughput of the worst link among several tags; a second sub-problem: maximizing the overall throughput of the system; Based on the objective function, we obtain the first subproblem:

[0042] Introducing constraints ; Based on the objective function, we obtain the second subproblem:

[0043] Introducing constraints ; Introducing slack variables ; Introduce auxiliary variables Replace the coupling variable; the coupling variable is , and ; The first and second subproblems are converted into convex problems using the convex difference algorithm and Lagrangian dual decomposition theory; the first subproblem is solved by a convex optimization solver to obtain the optimization result; the optimization result is used as the input condition of the second subproblem, and the second subproblem is solved by a convex optimization solver to obtain the backscattering coefficient, active transmission power, backscattering communication time and active communication time of all tags; in, For the n The throughput configuration factor of the labels, To optimize the results.

[0044] As a preferred embodiment, the convex optimization solver is specifically used to iteratively solve the value of the optimization variable, and use the subgradient method to update the value of the Lagrange multiplier in each iteration, and iteratively update the throughput until the throughput meets the convergence condition; the optimization variable is , , and .

[0045] In this embodiment, energy constraints, time resource constraints and QoS constraints of the main communication link are comprehensively considered. Time resources are allocated and the backscatter communication coefficient of the tag is designed under the premise of satisfying fairness, so that the worst link throughput and the total system throughput in the system are jointly maximized, and a fair access problem with maximized throughput of a spectrum-aware IoT communication system is constructed.

[0046] The fair access problem of maximizing the throughput of spectrum-aware IoT communication systems is split into two sub-problems: first optimizing the throughput of the worst link (the first sub-problem: maximizing the throughput of the worst link among several tags), and then optimizing the overall throughput of the system (the second sub-problem: maximizing the overall throughput of the system).

[0047] In the first subproblem, we first optimize the variables , Iterations d and other system parameters (the system topology consisting of base stations, tags, readers and terminals (their respective coordinate positions), as well as the transmission power of the above devices, the channel gain of each link, and the noise power of the channel). Then the slack variables are introduced Convert the objective function into a linear problem and add new constraints , as shown below:

[0048] Since constraint C1 is non-convex and there are coupling variables in constraint C2, this problem is a non-convex problem and needs to be converted into a convex problem before optimization. Replace the coupling variable in constraint C2 and merge C2 and C3, then we have:

[0049] From the properties of the perspective function, we can see that Satisfy the conditions of convex problems. Then, the convex difference algorithm (DCA, DCAlgorithm) is used to transform the constraint C1. The basic idea of ​​the convex difference algorithm here is to transform the non-concave function into the difference of two concave functions f(.) and g(.), and perform a first-order Taylor expansion on the subtracted term g(.) at a feasible point, that is:

[0050] =>

[0051] So far, the convex optimization model has been established. Apply the Lagrangian dual decomposition theory to solve the above problem and construct the Lagrangian dual function:

[0052] For all labels, use a convex optimization solver (such as YALMIP) to iteratively solve the optimization variable ( ) and uses the subgradient method to update the Lagrange multiplier ( ), for example:

[0053] in, represents a sufficiently small positive step size, [.] + ensure λ n The domain of is non-negative. Calculate the throughput of each iteration θ Satisfy the convergence condition ( ), the optimization results The output is used as the input condition for the second sub-problem. For the iThe active communication time of each tag, is the current iteration number, are all preset Lagrange multipliers, is the Lagrange dual function, is the sub-gradient, For the d The auxiliary variable results of the iterations, is the preset target convergence condition.

[0054] In the second subproblem, after initializing the system parameters and optimization variables, change constraint C7 to ,in The objective function is changed to maximize the total throughput of the system Then, referring to the algorithm flow of the first sub-problem, we can adopt an optimization strategy that is completely similar to that in the first sub-problem to finally solve the backscattering coefficients of all tags. α n , Active transmit power P an , backscatter communication time t bn and active communication time t an .

[0055] The spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication fair access system provided by the present invention is described below. The spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication fair access system described below and the spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication fair access method described above can correspond to each other.

[0056] Please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication fair access system provided by the present invention.

[0057] The present invention also provides a spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication fair access system, including: a model building module 501, used to establish a spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system model; a problem construction module 502, used to construct a fair access problem for maximizing the throughput of the spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system based on the spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system model, taking into account energy constraints, time resource constraints and QoS constraints of the main communication link; a solution module 503, used to convert the fair access problem into a convex optimization problem, and use a convex optimization solver to solve the convex optimization problem to obtain fair access parameters for Internet of Things communication.

[0058] Figure 6 An example of a physical structure diagram of an electronic device is shown in FIG. Figure 6As shown, the electronic device may include: a processor 610, a communication interface 620, a memory 630 and a communication bus 640, wherein the processor 610, the communication interface 620 and the memory 630 communicate with each other through the communication bus 640. The processor 610 may call the logic instructions in the memory 630 to execute a spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication fair access method, the method comprising: establishing a spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system model; the spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system model is a model integrating cognitive radio, energy harvesting and environmental backscatter communication; based on the spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system model, considering energy constraints, time resource constraints and QoS constraints of the main communication link, constructing a spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system throughput maximization fair access problem; converting the fair access problem into a convex optimization problem, and using a convex optimization solver to solve the convex optimization problem to obtain Internet of Things communication fair access parameters.

[0059] In addition, the logic instructions in the above-mentioned memory 630 can be implemented in the form of a software functional unit and can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium when it is sold or used as an independent product. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including a number of instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), disk or optical disk, etc. Various media that can store program codes.

[0060] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program, and the computer program can be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer can execute the spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication fair access method provided by the above methods, and the method includes: establishing a spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system model; the spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system model is a model that integrates cognitive radio, energy harvesting and environmental backscatter communication; based on the spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system model, considering energy constraints, time resource constraints and QoS constraints of the main communication link, constructing a fair access problem that maximizes the throughput of the spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system; converting the fair access problem into a convex optimization problem, and using a convex optimization solver to solve the convex optimization problem to obtain the Internet of Things communication fair access parameters.

[0061] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, is implemented to execute the spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication fair access method provided by the above-mentioned methods, the method comprising: establishing a spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system model; the spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system model is a model integrating cognitive radio, energy harvesting and environmental backscatter communication; based on the spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system model, considering energy constraints, time resource constraints and QoS constraints of the main communication link, constructing a fair access problem for maximizing the throughput of the spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication system; converting the fair access problem into a convex optimization problem, and using a convex optimization solver to solve the convex optimization problem to obtain fair access parameters for Internet of Things communication.

[0062] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the scheme of this embodiment. Ordinary technicians in this field can understand and implement it without paying creative labor.

[0063] Through the description of the above implementation methods, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each implementation method can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and of course, can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solution is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, a disk, an optical disk, etc., including a number of instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment or some parts of the embodiments.

[0064] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication fair access method, characterized in that: include: Establish a spectrum-aware IoT communication system model; The spectrum-aware IoT communication system model is a model that integrates cognitive radio, energy harvesting, and environmental backscatter communications; Based on the spectrum-aware IoT communication system model, considering energy constraints, time resource constraints and QoS constraints of the main communication link, a fair access problem of maximizing the throughput of the spectrum-aware IoT communication system is constructed; The fair access problem is converted into a convex optimization problem, and a convex optimization solver is used to solve the convex optimization problem to obtain fair access parameters for Internet of Things communications.

2. The spectrum sensing Internet of Things communication fair access method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Internet of Things communication system includes a base station, a mobile terminal with authorized spectrum resources, and a plurality of tags and readers with unauthorized spectrum resources; and the base station is used to communicate with the mobile terminal through a main communication link; The establishment of a spectrum-aware IoT communication system model includes: Performing spectrum sensing within a preset time block by using the tag to obtain a spectrum sensing result; the spectrum sensing result is used to determine the channel state of the primary communication link; Dividing the preset time block into a channel busy time period and a channel idle time period according to the spectrum sensing result; During the channel busy time period, the channel state of the main communication link is a busy state, and the tag sequentially performs radio frequency energy collection from the base station and backscatter communication with the reader; During the channel idle time period, the channel state of the main communication link is an idle state, and the tag accesses the reader in an interleaved mode to perform active communication.

3. The spectrum sensing Internet of Things communication fair access method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The tag is further used to collect non-radio frequency energy within the preset time block.

4. The spectrum sensing Internet of Things communication fair access method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The spectrum-aware IoT communication system model considers energy constraints, time resource constraints, and QoS constraints of the main communication link to construct a fair access problem of maximizing the throughput of the spectrum-aware IoT communication system, including: Objective function: Wherein, C1 is the QoS constraint of the primary communication link, C2 is the energy constraint, C3 is the channel busy time period constraint in the time resource constraint, C4 is the channel idle time period constraint in the time resource constraint, C5 is the backscatter coefficient constraint, and C6 is the power time parameter constraint. For the multi-objective dictionary optimization problem, is the channel idle time period, is the backscattering time period, is the set of backscatter coefficients of the tag, is the active communication transmission power set of the tag, n To specify a label, S is a set of labels of several unlicensed spectrum resources, For the n The throughput of tags, is the number of labels, For the n The backscatter communication time of each tag, For the n The backscatter coefficient of each tag is is the transmission power of the base station, For base station- n The channel gain of each tag is For the n The channel gain of each tag-terminal device, is the channel gain between base station and mobile terminal, σ 2 is the noise power, is the QoS constraint for mobile terminals, is the energy conversion efficiency, is the energy harvesting period, i For a specific tag, is the backscatter communication time of a specified tag, is the proportion of energy harvesting, is the spectrum sensing time period, is the average value of the non-RF energy collected by the tag in the entire preset time block, For the n The active communication transmission power of each tag is is the power consumed by the circuit when the tag actively communicates, For the n The active communication time of each tag, is the power consumed by the circuit when the tag is backscattering communication, The energy consumed by the tag for spectrum sensing is is the coefficient of channel idle time, is the preset time block, is the channel gain of the nth tag-reader.

5. The spectrum sensing Internet of Things communication fair access method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The fair access problem is converted into a convex optimization problem, and a convex optimization solver is used to solve the convex optimization problem to obtain fair access parameters for Internet of Things communication, including: The fair access problem is decomposed into two sub-problems: The first sub-problem: maximize the throughput of the worst link among several labels; Second sub-problem: maximize the overall throughput of the system; The first sub-problem is obtained based on the objective function: Introducing constraints ; The second sub-problem is obtained based on the objective function: Introducing constraints ; Introducing slack variables ; Introduce auxiliary variables Replace the coupling variable; the coupling variable is , and ; The first subproblem and the second subproblem are converted into convex problems using the convex difference algorithm and the Lagrangian dual decomposition theory; the first subproblem is solved by a convex optimization solver to obtain an optimization result; the optimization result is used as an input condition for the second subproblem, and the second subproblem is solved by a convex optimization solver to obtain the backscattering coefficient, active transmission power, backscattering communication time and active communication time of all tags; in, For the n The throughput configuration factor of the labels, This is the optimization result.

6. The spectrum sensing Internet of Things communication fair access method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The convex optimization solver is specifically used to solve the value of the optimization variable in a loop iteration, and use the subgradient method to update the value of the Lagrange multiplier in each iteration, and iterate the throughput in a loop iteration until the throughput meets the convergence condition; the optimization variable is , , and .

7. A spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication fair access system, characterized in that: include: A model building module, used to build a spectrum-aware IoT communication system model; A problem construction module is used to construct a fair access problem of maximizing the throughput of a spectrum-aware IoT communication system based on the spectrum-aware IoT communication system model, taking into account energy constraints, time resource constraints, and QoS constraints of a primary communication link; The solution module is used to convert the fair access problem into a convex optimization problem, and use a convex optimization solver to solve the convex optimization problem to obtain fair access parameters for Internet of Things communications.

8. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication fair access method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 is implemented.

9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication fair access method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 is implemented.

10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that When the computer program is executed by a processor, the spectrum-aware Internet of Things communication fair access method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 is implemented.

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