Secure communication system based on quantum bits

Abstract

The invention discloses a quantum bit-based secure communication system, which comprises a quantum bit generation module, a quantum bit transmission module, a quantum bit measurement module, a quantum transmission error correction module, a secure communication module, an identity management and verification module and a system operation detection and maintenance module, the quantum bit transmission module is used for reliable transmission of the system, the quantum bit measurement module is used for measurement of quantum bits, the quantum transmission error correction module is used for error correction in transmission, the secure communication module is used for encryption and management of the communication process, and the identity management and verification module is used for user identity verification. According to the secure communication system based on the quantum bits, a quantum error correction algorithm based on a neural network is proposed to perform detection and error correction on a transmission process, and a quantum encryption algorithm based on conjugate coding is proposed to perform secure encryption on a communication process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of conjugate coding, private key encryption and neural network technology, and specifically to a quantum bit-based secure communication system. Background Art

[0002] Conjugate coding and private key encryption technology is an innovative combination based on traditional cryptography and coding theory. It aims to address the security threats faced by traditional encryption algorithms in quantum computing. Conjugate coding, as an advanced form of error-correcting coding, improves the reliability and anti-interference ability of information transmission by introducing more redundant information. Private key encryption emphasizes the use of keys to encrypt and decrypt information during communication to ensure the confidentiality of information. The combination of the two technologies provides a powerful encryption mechanism for quantum bit-based secure communication systems, resisting the challenges of traditional encryption algorithms in quantum computing environments.

[0003] Neural network technology builds computer science models by simulating the neural structure and working principles of the human brain, aiming to solve information processing problems for complex problems in the process of quantum communication. In quantum bit-based secure communication systems, the application of neural networks is mainly concentrated in the quantum transmission error correction module. Through the quantum error correction algorithm based on neural networks, the system can more accurately detect and correct quantum bit errors in transmission, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the communication system. The nonlinear mapping and learning ability of neural networks enable them to perform well in processing quantum information, providing key support for building a more stable secure communication system.

[0004] However, the existing quantum bit-based secure communication system is susceptible to environmental interference and noise during the generation and stable transmission of quantum bits, resulting in system performance fluctuations and information distortion, making the transmission of quantum bits uncertain and erroneous, thus affecting the overall reliability of the system. Secondly, due to the trade-off between the efficiency and complexity of traditional error correction algorithms and encryption algorithms, the current quantum bit-based secure communication system has low communication efficiency. In addition, the scalability and adaptability of the existing quantum bit-based secure communication system in the face of large-scale networks and complex communication environments still need to be further strengthened. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a quantum bit-based secure communication system to solve the problems proposed in the above background technology, that is, the existing quantum bit-based secure communication system is easily affected by environmental interference and noise during the generation and stable transmission of quantum bits, resulting in system performance fluctuations and information distortion, making the transmission of quantum bits uncertain and erroneous, and the trade-off between the efficiency and complexity of traditional error correction algorithms and encryption algorithms, which leads to the low communication efficiency of the current quantum bit-based secure communication system, as well as the poor scalability and adaptability in the face of large-scale networks and complex communication environments.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a quantum bit-based secure communication system, comprising a quantum bit generation module, a quantum bit transmission module, a quantum bit measurement module, a quantum transmission error correction module, a secure communication module, an identity management and verification module, and a system operation detection and maintenance module, characterized in that: the quantum bit generation module is used to generate and initialize quantum bits to ensure that the quantum bits are in a stable state; the quantum bit transmission module is used to provide a reliable way to transmit quantum bits to a remote location, including a quantum transmission channel and an efficient transmission protocol; the quantum bit measurement module is used to measure quantum bits to maintain the coherence of quantum bits, including quantum key distribution information and quantum state information; the quantum transmission error correction module proposes a method based on quantum key distribution information and quantum state information; The quantum error correction algorithm over the network is used to detect and correct errors caused by noise and various interferences during the transmission process to ensure the accuracy of communication. The secure communication module includes a quantum bit encryption unit and a communication channel management unit. The quantum bit encryption unit proposes a quantum encryption algorithm based on conjugate coding to securely encrypt quantum bits transmitted by the communication system. The communication channel management unit is used to effectively manage the transmission and reception process of quantum bits, including the design of transmission protocols, routing of data packets, and implementation of error handling mechanisms. The identity management and verification module is used to verify and manage the identities of communication participants to prevent unauthorized users from accessing the system. The system operation detection and maintenance module is used to monitor the system operation status and promptly detect and handle fault problems.

[0007] Preferably, the qubit generation module generates qubits in a superposition state through superconducting qubit technology, and ensures that the generated qubit state is stable and controllable through advanced quantum control technology, thereby achieving highly precise qubit generation and initialization, and providing strong randomness and anti-interference capabilities for the secure communication system.

[0008] Preferably, the quantum bit transmission module realizes an efficient and reliable transmission mechanism by adopting quantum channels and dedicated transmission protocols, as well as precise control of quantum states and real-time monitoring of the transmission process, ensuring that quantum bits can be accurately and securely transmitted to the target location and ensuring the stability and consistency of the communication process.

[0009] Preferably, the qubit measurement module realizes explicit measurement of the qubit state by accurately performing qubit measurement operations, ensuring that the system can accurately obtain transmission information, effectively respond to quantum state changes in communication, and provide input for quantum error correction and encryption algorithms.

[0010] Preferably, the quantum bit error correction module proposes a quantum error correction algorithm based on a neural network, which monitors and corrects the quantum bit errors caused during the transmission process in real time to ensure that the communication system maintains high reliability and data integrity in an environment with noise and interference, improves the transmission accuracy of the communication channel for quantum states, and provides key guarantees for the secure transmission of quantum information.

[0011] Specifically, the quantum error correction algorithm based on neural network is as follows: First, assume that the structure vector of the quantum neural network is represented as [m in ,m1,...,m J ,m out ], including the input layer m in , output layer m out And L hidden layers, L represents the total number of hidden layers in the quantum neural network, m1,...,m J Represents the number of quantum bits in each hidden layer, J represents the total number of hidden layers of the quantum neural network, and the quantum neural network is constructed by unitary transformation. The mathematical formula of unitary transformation is expressed as:

[0012]

[0013] in, represents the unitary transformation on the j-th quantum bit of the l-th layer, l represents the index of the number of hidden layers of the quantum neural network, j represents the index of the number of layers of the quantum neural network, e represents the Euler number, i represents the imaginary unit, σ represents the density matrix composed of the elements of the Pauli matrix set P = {α, β, γ, δ}, k σ represents the real coefficient associated with the element combination σ, representing the weight of the Pauli matrix set in the unitary transformation, represents the m element in P j +1-order tensor product, representing all lengths m j +1 tensor product of the set, Represents the tensor product operation, and the α, β, γ, and δ matrix formulas are respectively expressed as:

[0014]

[0015] Among them, α represents the unit matrix, β represents the quantum bit flip matrix, γ represents the imaginary matrix, and δ represents the phase flip matrix. By performing unitary transformation on the lth layer, the quantum bit is connected to the quantum bit of the previous layer, a reversible operation is constructed for the quantum neural network to maintain the unitary evolution of the quantum state; secondly, through the connection operation Information is passed from the l-1th layer to the lth layer, and information irrelevant to the l-1th layer is retained through trace operation. The quantum neural network is forward propagated to obtain the state update within the layer, and the input state is gradually transformed into the final output state through the evolution operation of each layer. The update formula is:

[0016]

[0017] Among them, χ out represents the output state of the entire quantum neural network, obtained by cascading the evolution operations of each layer, χ in represents the input state of the entire quantum neural network, ξ represents the quantum operation, 1 represents the quantum operation at the first level, χ l-1 Represents the output state of the l-1th layer and serves as the input of the lth layer. The quantum operation is realized through trace operation, and the calculation formula is expressed as:

[0018]

[0019] Among them, Tr l-1 (…) indicates the trace operation at the l-1 layer, i represents the state of the quantum bit, Represented as each state in the mixed state of the l-1th layer of quantum bits The probability set of occurrence, the probability distribution is determined by the density matrix σ of the l-1th layer, |0…0> l represents the m of the lth layer J The all-zero state of qubits means that all qubits are in the ground state, <0…0| l represents the m of the lth layer J The conjugate transpose of the all-zero state of the quantum bits represents the action on the quantum bits of the first layer from the right. * represents the Hermitian conjugate transpose operation. In the whole process of the neural network, the quantum input state χ in After each layer l Perform quantum operations and finally obtain the output state χ of the entire neural network out, the operation of each layer is a quantum mapping, which is used to adjust and transform the input state. Through the layer-by-layer action, the entire neural network can process and transform the quantum bit information. Then, the conjugate layer is introduced into the quantum neural network, and the transformation of the first layer is replaced by the conjugate transpose of the transformation of the 1′ layer, which reduces the trainable parameters of the quantum neural network. The conjugate layer transformation formula is:

[0020]

[0021] in, represents the conjugated layer of the lth layer, represents the conjugate transpose of each quantum bit in the l′th layer, m j′ Expressed as the total number of quantum bits in the l′th layer, by defining the conjugate transformation as the conjugate transpose of the l′th layer transformation, the complexity of the quantum neural network is reduced and the generalization is increased; finally, a quantum auto-encoding model is constructed in the quantum neural network to correct bit flip errors. It is assumed that the two cases of the quantum bit flip channel are expressed as:

[0022]

[0023] Among them, I0 represents the operating element without bit flipping, I1 represents the operating element with bit flipping, θ represents the probability parameter of channel selection, and the condition is 0≤θ≤1. The input state of the quantum bit is encoded, and the input state representation formula is:

[0024] |η>=a|0>+b|1>

[0025] Among them, |η> represents the complex variable, representing the quantum state, a represents the amplitude of the quantum bit found in the basic state |0>, and b represents the amplitude of the quantum bit found in the basic state |1>. a and b represent all the information contained in the quantum state. |0> and |1> are represented as two orthogonal basic quantum states. The parameters of the quantum bit automatic encoding model are updated along the direction of the gradient of the cost function through the gradient ascent method to improve the recovery ability of the input state. The training and update formula of the quantum bit automatic encoding model is:

[0026]

[0027] Among them, ω t+1 It represents the value of the parameter vector of the quantum bit automatic encoding model after the t+1 iteration of training, t represents the number of iterations, and λ represents the model learning rate. Expressed as the cost function V(ω t ) is the gradient of the parameter vector in the tth iteration, which represents the rate of change of the cost function in the parameter space. The cost function V(ω t ) is expressed as:

[0028]

[0029] in, represents the target state of the kth sample in the training set, represents the conjugate transpose of the target state, represents the original quantum state in column vector form, Represents the inner product between the target state and the output state, K represents the number of samples in the training set, and k represents the index of the number of samples in the training set. By calculating the cost function, the consistency between the output state and the target state of the quantum bit automatic encoding model can be quantified, providing feedback information for the quantum neural network training process, so that the quantum bit automatic encoding model can learn autonomously to correct quantum bit flip errors. The quantum error correction algorithm based on neural networks adds flexible and powerful error correction capabilities to quantum bit-based secure communication systems through automatic learning and adaptive adjustment. The algorithm has good effects in handling different types of quantum errors, optimizing system structure and exploring new security protocols, providing excellent solutions for the accuracy and reliability of quantum bit-based secure communication systems.

[0030] Preferably, the secure communication module includes a quantum bit encryption unit, which proposes a quantum encryption algorithm based on conjugate coding, utilizes the mathematical structure of conjugate coding, and performs secure information encoding and decoding at the quantum bit level to ensure the confidentiality, security and integrity of information transmission during the communication process, thereby providing a powerful information protection mechanism for the quantum communication system.

[0031] Specifically, the quantum encryption algorithm based on conjugate coding is as follows: First, assume that the random key is represented by K = (K1, K2, ..., K J ), where K represents a binary quantum bit string of length L, K1, K2, ..., K J Represents each binary quantum bit, J represents the total number of random keys, and the generation rule of conjugate coding is determined by set A and set B. The mathematical formulas of the two sets are expressed as follows:

[0032]

[0033]

[0034] in, and represents the set of generation rules for conjugate coding, e represents the binary quantum bit in the L-bit conjugate coding, l represents the binary quantum bit string bit index, e l Represented as the lth bit in the binary quantum bit string e, e l Expressed as in It is represented as an XOR operation. At the same time, it is assumed that the input of the quantum bit information is represented as x i ∈{0,1}, where i represents the number of qubits, the qubit conjugate encoding e and the input qubit information x i Satisfies the following formula relationship:

[0035]

[0036] Among them, e (i) Represents the quantum bit in the conjugate code corresponding to the i-th quantum bit. At this time, a quantum state is constructed The constructed quantum state depends on the key K, making it difficult for unauthorized access to the key to obtain valid information. The quantum state formula is expressed as:

[0037]

[0038] in, represents the quantum bit x i The conjugate encoding of represents the tensor product operation, Expressed as a quantum gate, by introducing the quantum gate Increase the algorithm The randomness of the quantum bit is enhanced, thereby enhancing the security of the quantum bit. Represents a quantum bit in the conjugate encoding, whose state depends on the key K j By introducing key selection and key randomness, a conjugate code with unpredictability and security is generated to encrypt quantum bit information; secondly, the conjugate code Performing Hadamard gate H operation, a single-bit gate that performs superposition operation on quantum bits, is expressed as:

[0039]

[0040] in, It is represented by the quantum state conjugate encoding after the Hadamard gate operation, Represents the quantum bit in the conjugate code corresponding to each bit in the i-th quantum bit, and increases the complexity of the ciphertext through the superposition effect of the Hadamard gate operation. At this time, the conjugate code after the Hadamard gate operation is To control the NOT gate operation, the formula is:

[0041]

[0042] in, represents the quantum state conjugate encoding after the controlled NOT gate operation, |0> controlIndicated as controlling the state of the quantum bit to be 0, |1> control It is expressed as controlling the state of the quantum bit to be 1, and the flipping operation of the control quantum bit on the target quantum bit is realized by controlling the NOT gate operation, introducing the key correlation so that the same plaintext produces different ciphertexts in different encryption processes, and further controlling the conjugate encoding after the NOT gate operation. For revolving door operation, the formula is:

[0043]

[0044] in, It is represented by the quantum state conjugate encoding after the rotating gate operation, R K (θ i ) is represented as a revolving door operation associated with the key K, θ i Expressed as the key K and the plaintext quantum bit input information x i The calculated angle and the revolving door operation formula are expressed as:

[0045]

[0046] Finally, the quantum state conjugate is encoded by the projection operator Project it to the subspace corresponding to the measurement result to obtain the ciphertext The ciphertext formula obtained by the measurement operation based on the standard basis is expressed as:

[0047]

[0048] Among them, λ i represents the index used to select the quantum operation instance, and b represents a state in the standard basis, namely |0> and |1>, which encodes the quantum state conjugation. Performing measurements based on a standard basis will Collapse to a specific basic state, and then get the ciphertext Make the ciphertext The value of is related to the state of the quantum bit, thereby increasing the randomness and security of the algorithm encryption. For key attacks, the algorithm uses the principle of no signal transmission to ensure the security of the key. For plaintext attacks, the algorithm ensures the effectiveness of the system against plaintext attacks by considering multiple gate operations of the encryption scheme. Overall, the quantum encryption algorithm based on conjugate coding provides good robustness and security for quantum bit-based secure communication systems by effectively combining key encryption, conjugate coding and quantum bit characteristics.

[0049] Preferably, the secure communication module includes a communication channel management unit, which ensures that the transmission channel of quantum bits is effectively maintained and controlled throughout the communication process through precise quantum bit transmission and reception management, thereby ensuring the reliability of the communication process and the security of information.

[0050] Preferably, the identity management and verification module ensures that only authorized users are allowed to participate in the communication system through multi-level security policies, manages user identities and verifies information, and adopts biometric recognition and multi-factor authentication technology to ensure the uniqueness and legitimacy of users, and safeguard the security and compliance of the communication system.

[0051] Preferably, the system operation detection and maintenance module monitors the faults and errors that may occur during the operation of the system in real time, identifies and handles abnormal conditions in the system, and takes corrective measures to ensure the normal operation of the entire security communication system, thereby improving the reliability and security of the communication system.

[0052] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0053] 1. The quantum transmission error correction module proposes a quantum error correction algorithm based on a neural network. This algorithm implements bit-flip quantum error correction coding by using a quantum autoencoder. At the same time, the quantum neural network model enables the system to effectively correct bit-flip errors in any logical quantum bit state by learning data features. The core of the algorithm is that the quantum autoencoder can automatically extract and learn key information in the quantum bit state, thereby achieving accurate identification and repair of errors. Secondly, for quantum bit states affected by amplitude damping, an approximate bit error correction code is introduced. The quantum neural network implements an adaptive learning process, enabling the system to efficiently restore errors caused by amplitude damping and improve the communication system's fault tolerance to different types of noise. Overall, the neural network-based quantum error correction algorithm adds flexible and powerful error correction capabilities to quantum bit-based secure communication systems through automatic learning and adaptive adjustment. The algorithm has good results in handling different types of quantum errors, optimizing system structure, and exploring new security protocols, providing an excellent solution for the accuracy and reliability of quantum bit-based secure communication systems.

[0054] 2. The qubit encryption unit proposes a quantum encryption algorithm based on conjugate coding. The algorithm uses probabilistic encryption to improve the uncertainty distance of traditional and quantum private key encryption schemes, that is, the degree of diffusion of ciphertext in the key space, thereby enhancing the security of the system. The conjugate coding of qubits is the core of the algorithm. Conjugate coding is an advanced form of error correction coding. By introducing more redundant information, it can detect and correct errors that occur during transmission, thereby improving the reliability and anti-interference ability of information transmission. Because the special properties of qubits make the quantum transmission process susceptible to interference from environmental noise, the use of conjugate coding effectively improves the system's resistance to noise and interference. At the same time, for key attacks, the algorithm uses the principle of no signal transmission to ensure the security of the key. For plaintext attacks, the algorithm ensures the effectiveness of the system against plaintext attacks by considering multiple gate operations of the encryption scheme. Overall, the quantum encryption algorithm based on conjugate coding provides good robustness and security for qubit-based secure communication systems by effectively combining key encryption, conjugate coding and qubit characteristics. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0055] The invention is further illustrated by the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments in the accompanying drawings do not constitute any limitation to the invention. A person skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on the following drawings without making any creative effort.

[0056] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0058] See also Figure 1The present invention provides a quantum bit-based secure communication system, including a quantum bit generation module, a quantum bit transmission module, a quantum bit measurement module, a quantum transmission error correction module, a secure communication module, an identity management and verification module, and a system operation detection and maintenance module. The quantum bit generation module is used to generate and initialize quantum bits to ensure that the quantum bits are in a stable state. The quantum bit transmission module is used to provide a reliable way to transmit quantum bits to a remote location, including a quantum transmission channel and an efficient transmission protocol. The quantum bit measurement module is used to measure quantum bits to maintain the coherence of quantum bits, including quantum key distribution information and quantum state information. The quantum transmission error correction module proposes a quantum error correction based on a neural network. The algorithm is used to detect and correct errors caused by noise and various interferences during the transmission process to ensure the accuracy of communication. The secure communication module includes a quantum bit encryption unit and a communication channel management unit. The quantum bit encryption unit proposes a quantum encryption algorithm based on conjugate coding to securely encrypt quantum bits transmitted by the communication system. The communication channel management unit is used to effectively manage the transmission and reception process of quantum bits, including the design of transmission protocols, routing of data packets, and implementation of error handling mechanisms. The identity management and verification module is used to verify and manage the identities of communication participants to prevent unauthorized users from accessing the system. The system operation detection and maintenance module is used to monitor the system operation status and promptly detect and handle fault problems.

[0059] See Figure 1 Furthermore, the quantum bit generation module generates quantum bits in a superposition state through superconducting quantum bit technology, and through advanced quantum control technology, ensures that the generated quantum bit state is stable and controllable, achieving highly precise quantum bit generation and initialization, and providing strong randomness and anti-interference capabilities for secure communication systems.

[0060] See Figure 1 Furthermore, the quantum bit transmission module realizes an efficient and reliable transmission mechanism by adopting quantum channels and dedicated transmission protocols, as well as precise control of quantum states and real-time monitoring of the transmission process, ensuring that quantum bits can be accurately and securely transmitted to the target location, and ensuring the stability and consistency of the communication process.

[0061] See Figure 1 Furthermore, the qubit measurement module realizes explicit measurement of the qubit state by accurately performing qubit measurement operations, ensuring that the system can accurately obtain transmitted information, effectively respond to quantum state changes in communication, and provide input for quantum error correction and encryption algorithms.

[0062] See Figure 1Furthermore, the quantum bit error correction module proposes a quantum error correction algorithm based on a neural network, which monitors and corrects the quantum bit errors caused during the transmission process in real time to ensure that the communication system maintains high reliability and data integrity in an environment with noise and interference, improves the transmission accuracy of the communication channel for quantum states, and provides key guarantees for the secure transmission of quantum information.

[0063] See Figure 1 , further, the quantum error correction algorithm based on neural network is as follows: First, assuming that the structure vector of quantum neural network is expressed as [m in ,m1,...,m J ,m out ], including the input layer m in , output layer m out And L hidden layers, L represents the total number of hidden layers in the quantum neural network, m1,...,m J Represents the number of quantum bits in each hidden layer, J represents the total number of hidden layers of the quantum neural network, and the quantum neural network is constructed by unitary transformation. The mathematical formula of unitary transformation is expressed as:

[0064]

[0065] in, represents the unitary transformation on the j-th quantum bit of the l-th layer, l represents the index of the number of hidden layers of the quantum neural network, j represents the index of the number of layers of the quantum neural network, e represents the Euler number, i represents the imaginary unit, σ represents the density matrix composed of the elements of the Pauli matrix set P = {α, β, γ, δ}, k σ represents the real coefficient associated with the element combination σ, representing the weight of the Pauli matrix set in the unitary transformation, represents the m element in P j +1-order tensor product, representing all lengths m j +1 tensor product of the set, Represents the tensor product operation, and the α, β, γ, and δ matrix formulas are respectively expressed as:

[0066]

[0067] Among them, α represents the unit matrix, β represents the quantum bit flip matrix, γ represents the imaginary matrix, and δ represents the phase flip matrix. By performing unitary transformation on the lth layer, the quantum bit is connected to the quantum bit of the previous layer, a reversible operation is constructed for the quantum neural network to maintain the unitary evolution of the quantum state; secondly, through the connection operation Information is passed from the l-1th layer to the lth layer, and information irrelevant to the l-1th layer is retained through trace operation. The quantum neural network is forward propagated to obtain the state update within the layer, and the input state is gradually transformed into the final output state through the evolution operation of each layer. The update formula is:

[0068]

[0069] Among them, x out represents the output state of the entire quantum neural network, obtained by cascading the evolution operations of each layer, x in represents the input state of the entire quantum neural network, ξ represents the quantum operation, l represents the quantum operation at the first level, χ l-1 Represents the output state of the l-1th layer and serves as the input of the lth layer. The quantum operation is realized through trace operation, and the calculation formula is expressed as:

[0070]

[0071] Among them, Tr l-1 (…) indicates the trace operation at the l-1 layer, i represents the state of the quantum bit, Represented as each state in the mixed state of the l-1th layer of quantum bits The probability set of occurrence, the probability distribution is determined by the density matrix σ of the l-1th layer, |0…0> l represents the m of the lth layer J The all-zero state of qubits means that all qubits are in the ground state, <0…0| l represents the m of the lth layer J The conjugate transpose of the all-zero state of the quantum bits represents the action on the quantum bits of the first layer from the right. * represents the Hermitian conjugate transpose operation. In the whole process of the neural network, the quantum input state χ in After each layer l Perform quantum operations and finally obtain the output state χ of the entire neural network out , the operation of each layer is a quantum mapping, which is used to adjust and transform the input state. Through the layer-by-layer action, the entire neural network can process and transform the quantum bit information. Then, the conjugate layer is introduced into the quantum neural network, and the transformation of the first layer is replaced by the conjugate transpose of the transformation of the 1′ layer, which reduces the trainable parameters of the quantum neural network. The conjugate layer transformation formula is:

[0072]

[0073] in, represents the conjugated layer of the lth layer, represents the conjugate transpose of each quantum bit in the l′th layer, mj′ Expressed as the total number of quantum bits in the l′th layer, by defining the conjugate transformation as the conjugate transpose of the l′th layer transformation, the complexity of the quantum neural network is reduced and the generalization is increased; finally, a quantum auto-encoding model is constructed in the quantum neural network to correct bit flip errors. It is assumed that the two cases of the quantum bit flip channel are expressed as:

[0074]

[0075] Among them, I0 represents the operating element without bit flipping, I1 represents the operating element with bit flipping, θ represents the probability parameter of channel selection, and the condition is 0≤θ≤1. The input state of the quantum bit is encoded, and the input state representation formula is:

[0076] |η>=a|0>+b|1>

[0077] Among them, |η> represents the complex variable, representing the quantum state, a represents the amplitude of the quantum bit found in the basic state |0>, and b represents the amplitude of the quantum bit found in the basic state |1>. a and b represent all the information contained in the quantum state. |0> and |1> are represented as two orthogonal basic quantum states. The parameters of the quantum bit automatic encoding model are updated along the direction of the gradient of the cost function through the gradient ascent method to improve the recovery ability of the input state. The training and update formula of the quantum bit automatic encoding model is:

[0078]

[0079] Among them, ω t+1 It represents the value of the parameter vector of the quantum bit automatic encoding model after the t+1 iteration of training, t represents the number of iterations, and λ represents the model learning rate. Expressed as the cost function V(ω t ) is the gradient of the parameter vector in the tth iteration, which represents the rate of change of the cost function in the parameter space. The cost function V(ω t ) is expressed as:

[0080]

[0081] in, represents the target state of the kth sample in the training set, represents the conjugate transpose of the target state, represents the original quantum state in column vector form, Represents the inner product between the target state and the output state, K represents the number of samples in the training set, and k represents the index of the number of samples in the training set. By calculating the cost function, the consistency between the output state and the target state of the quantum bit automatic encoding model can be quantified, providing feedback information for the quantum neural network training process, so that the quantum bit automatic encoding model can learn autonomously to correct quantum bit flip errors. The quantum error correction algorithm based on neural networks adds flexible and powerful error correction capabilities to quantum bit-based secure communication systems through automatic learning and adaptive adjustment. The algorithm has good effects in handling different types of quantum errors, optimizing system structure and exploring new security protocols, providing excellent solutions for the accuracy and reliability of quantum bit-based secure communication systems.

[0082] See Figure 1 Furthermore, the secure communication module includes a quantum bit encryption unit, which proposes a quantum encryption algorithm based on conjugate coding. It uses the mathematical structure of conjugate coding to perform secure information encoding and decoding at the quantum bit level to ensure the confidentiality, security and integrity of information transmission during the communication process, providing a powerful information protection mechanism for the quantum communication system.

[0083] See Figure 1 Furthermore, the quantum encryption algorithm based on conjugate coding is specifically as follows: First, assume that the random key is represented by K = (K1, K2, ..., K J ), where K represents a binary quantum bit string of length L, K1, K2, ..., K J Represents each binary quantum bit, J represents the total number of random keys, and the generation rule of conjugate coding is determined by set A and set B. The mathematical formulas of the two sets are expressed as follows:

[0084]

[0085] in, and represents the set of generation rules for conjugate coding, e represents the binary quantum bit in the L-bit conjugate coding, l represents the binary quantum bit string bit index, e l Represented as the lth bit in the binary quantum bit string e, e l Expressed as in It is represented as an XOR operation. At the same time, it is assumed that the input of the quantum bit information is represented as χ i ∈{0,1}, where i represents the number of qubits, the qubit conjugate encoding e and the input χ of the qubit information i Satisfies the following formula relationship:

[0086]

[0087] Among them, e (i) Represents the quantum bit in the conjugate code corresponding to the i-th quantum bit. At this time, a quantum state is constructed The constructed quantum state depends on the key K, making it difficult for unauthorized access to the key to obtain valid information. The quantum state formula is expressed as:

[0088]

[0089] in, represents the quantum bit x i The conjugate encoding of represents the tensor product operation, Expressed as a quantum gate, by introducing the quantum gate Increase the algorithm The randomness of the quantum bit is enhanced, thereby enhancing the security of the quantum bit. Represents a quantum bit in the conjugate encoding, whose state depends on the key K j By introducing key selection and key randomness, a conjugate code with unpredictability and security is generated to encrypt quantum bit information; secondly, the conjugate code Performing Hadamard gate H operation, a single-bit gate that performs superposition operation on quantum bits, is expressed as:

[0090]

[0091] in, It is represented by the quantum state conjugate encoding after the Hadamard gate operation, Represents the quantum bit in the conjugate code corresponding to each bit in the i-th quantum bit, and increases the complexity of the ciphertext through the superposition effect of the Hadamard gate operation. At this time, the conjugate code after the Hadamard gate operation is To control the NOT gate operation, the formula is:

[0092]

[0093] in, represents the quantum state conjugate encoding after the controlled NOT gate operation, |0> control Indicated as controlling the state of the quantum bit to be 0, |1> control It is expressed as controlling the state of the quantum bit to be 1, and the flipping operation of the control quantum bit on the target quantum bit is realized by controlling the NOT gate operation, introducing the key correlation so that the same plaintext produces different ciphertexts in different encryption processes, and further controlling the conjugate encoding after the NOT gate operation. For revolving door operation, the formula is:

[0094]

[0095] in, It is represented by the quantum state conjugate encoding after the rotating gate operation, R K (θ i ) is represented as a revolving door operation associated with the key K, θ i Expressed as the key K and the plaintext quantum bit input information x i The calculated angle and the revolving door operation formula are expressed as:

[0096]

[0097] Finally, the quantum state conjugate is encoded by the projection operator Project it to the subspace corresponding to the measurement result to obtain the ciphertext The ciphertext formula obtained by the measurement operation based on the standard basis is expressed as:

[0098]

[0099] Among them, λ i represents the index used to select the quantum operation instance, and b represents a state in the standard basis, namely |0> and |1>, which encodes the quantum state conjugation. Performing measurements based on a standard basis will Collapse to a specific basic state, and then get the ciphertext Make the ciphertext The value of is related to the state of the quantum bit, thereby increasing the randomness and security of the algorithm encryption. For key attacks, the algorithm uses the principle of no signal transmission to ensure the security of the key. For plaintext attacks, the algorithm ensures the effectiveness of the system against plaintext attacks by considering multiple gate operations of the encryption scheme. Overall, the quantum encryption algorithm based on conjugate coding provides good robustness and security for quantum bit-based secure communication systems by effectively combining key encryption, conjugate coding and quantum bit characteristics.

[0100] See Figure 1 Furthermore, the secure communication module includes a communication channel management unit, which ensures that the transmission channel of quantum bits is effectively maintained and controlled during the entire communication process through precise quantum bit transmission and reception management, thereby ensuring the reliability of the communication process and the security of information.

[0101] See Figure 1Furthermore, the identity management and verification module ensures that only authorized users are allowed to participate in the communication system through multi-level security strategies, manages user identities and verifies information, and adopts biometric recognition and multi-factor authentication technology to ensure the uniqueness and legitimacy of users, and ensure the security and compliance of the communication system.

[0102] See Figure 1 Furthermore, the system operation detection and maintenance module monitors the faults and errors that may occur during the operation of the system in real time, identifies and handles abnormal conditions in the system, and takes corrective measures to ensure the normal operation of the entire security communication system, thereby improving the reliability and security of the communication system.

[0103] During specific use, first, the quantum bit generation module generates and initializes quantum bits to ensure that the quantum bits are in a stable state. Then, the quantum bit transmission module provides a reliable way to transmit quantum bits to remote locations, including quantum transmission channels and efficient transmission protocols. The quantum bit measurement module measures quantum bits to maintain the coherence of quantum bits, including quantum key distribution information and quantum state information. Secondly, the quantum transmission error correction module proposes a quantum error correction algorithm based on neural networks to detect and correct errors caused by noise and various interferences during the transmission process to ensure the accuracy of communication. Furthermore, the quantum bit encryption unit in the secure communication module proposes a quantum encryption algorithm based on conjugate coding for secure encryption of quantum bits transmitted by the communication system. The communication channel management unit in the secure communication module effectively manages the transmission and reception process of quantum bits, including the design of transmission protocols, routing of data packets, and the implementation of error handling mechanisms. Finally, the identity management and verification module verifies and manages the identities of communication participants to prevent unauthorized users from accessing the system. The system operation detection and maintenance module monitors the system operation status and promptly detects and handles fault problems.

[0104] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A quantum bit-based secure communication system, comprising a quantum bit generation module, a quantum bit transmission module, a quantum bit measurement module, a quantum transmission error correction module, a secure communication module, an identity management and verification module, and a system operation detection and maintenance module, characterized in that: The qubit generation module is used to generate and initialize qubits to ensure that the qubits are in a stable state. The qubit transmission module is used to provide a reliable way to transmit qubits to a remote location, including a quantum transmission channel and an efficient transmission protocol. The qubit measurement module is used to measure qubits to maintain the coherence of qubits, including quantum key distribution information and quantum state information. The quantum transmission error correction module proposes a quantum error correction algorithm based on a neural network, which is used to detect and correct errors caused by noise and various interferences during the transmission process to ensure the accuracy of communication. The secure communication module includes a qubit encryption unit and a communication channel management unit. The qubit encryption unit proposes a quantum encryption algorithm based on conjugate coding for secure encryption of qubits transmitted by the communication system. The communication channel management unit is used to effectively manage the transmission and reception process of qubits, including the design of transmission protocols, the routing of data packets, and the implementation of error handling mechanisms. The identity management and verification module is used to verify and manage the identities of communication participants to prevent unauthorized users from accessing the system. The system operation detection and maintenance module is used to monitor the system operation status and promptly detect and handle faults.

2. A quantum bit-based secure communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The qubit generation module generates qubits in a superposition state through superconducting qubit technology, and ensures that the generated qubit state is stable and controllable through advanced quantum control technology, thereby achieving highly precise qubit generation and initialization, and providing strong randomness and anti-interference capabilities for secure communication systems.

3. A quantum bit-based secure communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quantum bit transmission module realizes an efficient and reliable transmission mechanism by adopting quantum channels and dedicated transmission protocols, as well as precise control of quantum states and real-time monitoring of the transmission process, ensuring that quantum bits can be accurately and safely transmitted to the target location and ensuring the stability and consistency of the communication process.

4. A quantum bit-based secure communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The qubit measurement module achieves explicit determination of the qubit state by accurately performing qubit measurement operations, ensuring that the system can accurately obtain transmission information, effectively respond to quantum state changes in communication, and provide input for quantum error correction and encryption algorithms.

5. A quantum bit-based secure communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quantum bit error correction module proposes a quantum error correction algorithm based on a neural network. By real-time monitoring and correction of quantum bit errors caused during the transmission process, it ensures that the communication system maintains high reliability and data integrity in an environment with noise and interference, improves the transmission accuracy of the communication channel for quantum states, and provides key guarantees for the secure transmission of quantum information.

6. A quantum bit-based secure communication system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The quantum error correction algorithm based on neural network is as follows: First, assume that the structure vector of the quantum neural network is expressed as [m in , m1, ..., m J , m out ], including the input layer m in , output layer m out and L hidden layers, L represents the total number of hidden layers in the quantum neural network, m1,...,m J represents the number of quantum bits in each hidden layer, J represents the total number of hidden layers of the quantum neural network, and the quantum neural network is constructed by unitary transformation. The mathematical formula of unitary transformation is expressed as: in, represents the unitary transformation on the jth quantum bit of the lth layer, l represents the index of the number of hidden layers of the quantum neural network, j represents the index of the number of layers of the quantum neural network, e represents the Euler number, i represents the imaginary unit, σ represents the density matrix composed of the elements of the Pauli matrix set P = {α, β, γ, δ}, k σ represents the real coefficient associated with the element combination σ, representing the weight of the Pauli matrix set in the unitary transformation, represents the m of the elements in P j +1-order tensor product, representing all tensors of length m j +1 tensor product of the set, Represents the tensor product operation, and the α, β, y, and δ matrix formulas are respectively expressed as: Among them, α represents the unit matrix, β represents the quantum bit flip matrix, γ represents the imaginary matrix, and δ represents the phase flip matrix. By performing unitary transformation in the lth layer, the quantum bits are connected to the quantum bits in the previous layer, and a reversible operation is constructed for the quantum neural network to maintain the unitary evolution of the quantum state; secondly, through the connection operation Pass information from the l-1th layer to the lth layer, and retain information irrelevant to the l-1th layer through trace operation, so as to realize forward propagation of quantum neural network to obtain the state update within the layer, and gradually transform the input state into the final output state through the evolution operation of each layer. The update formula is: Among them, X out represents the output state of the entire quantum neural network, obtained by cascading the evolution operations of each layer, χ in represents the input state of the entire quantum neural network, ξ represents the quantum operation, ξ l represents the quantum operation at the lth level, χ l-1 represents the output state of the l-1th layer and serves as the input of the lth layer. The quantum operation is realized through trace operation, and the calculation formula is expressed as: Among them, Tr l-1 (...) indicates the trace operation at the l-1th level, i represents the state of the quantum bit, Represented as each state existing in the mixed state of the l-1th layer of quantum bits The probability set of occurrence, the probability distribution is determined by the density matrix σ of the l-1th layer, |O...O> l represents the m of the lth layer J The all-zero state of qubits means that all qubits are in the ground state. <O...O| l represents the m of the lth layer J The conjugate transpose of the all-zero state of the quantum bits represents the action on the quantum bits in the lth layer from the right side. * represents the Hermitian conjugate transpose operation. In the whole neural network process, by in After each layer l Perform quantum operations and finally obtain the output state χ of the entire neural network out , the operation of each layer is a quantum mapping, which is used to adjust and transform the input state. Through the layer-by-layer action, the entire neural network can process and transform the quantum bit information. Then, the conjugate layer is introduced into the quantum neural network, and the transformation of the lth layer is replaced by the conjugate transpose of the l′th layer transformation, which reduces the trainable parameters of the quantum neural network. The conjugate layer transformation formula is: in, represents the conjugated layer of the lth layer, represents the conjugate transpose of each qubit in the l′th layer, m j′ Expressed as the total number of quantum bits in the l′th layer, the complexity of the quantum neural network is reduced and the generalization is increased by defining the conjugate transformation as the conjugate transpose of the l′th layer transformation. Finally, a quantum auto-encoding model is constructed in the quantum neural network to correct the bit flipping error. It is assumed that the two cases of the quantum bit flipping channel are expressed as: Among them, I0 represents the operating element without bit flipping, I1 represents the operating element with bit flipping, θ represents the probability parameter of channel selection, and the condition is 0≤θ≤1. The input state of the quantum bit is encoded, and the input state representation formula is: |η>=a|0>+b|1> Among them, |η> represents a complex vector, representing the quantum state, a represents the amplitude of the quantum bit found in the basic state |0>, b represents the amplitude of the quantum bit found in the basic state |1>, a and b represent all the information contained in the quantum state, |0> and |1> are represented as two orthogonal basic quantum states. The parameters of the quantum bit automatic encoding model are updated along the direction of the cost function gradient through the gradient ascent method to improve the recovery ability of the input state. The training update formula of the quantum bit automatic encoding model is: Among them, ω t+1 represents the value of the parameter vector of the quantum bit automatic encoding model after the t+1th iteration of training, t represents the number of iterations, λ represents the model learning rate, Expressed as the cost function V(ω t ) is the gradient of the parameter vector in the tth iteration, which represents the rate of change of the cost function in the parameter space. The cost function V(ω t ) is expressed as: in, represents the target state of the kth sample in the training set, represents the conjugate transpose of the target state, represents the original quantum state in column vector form, Represents the inner product between the target state and the output state, K represents the number of samples in the training set, and k represents the index of the number of samples in the training set. By calculating the cost function, the consistency between the output state and the target state of the quantum bit automatic encoding model can be quantified, and feedback information can be provided for the quantum neural network training process, so that the quantum bit automatic encoding model can learn autonomously to correct quantum bit flipping errors. The quantum error correction algorithm based on neural networks adds flexible and powerful error correction capabilities to quantum bit-based secure communication systems through automatic learning and adaptive adjustment. The algorithm has good effects in handling different types of quantum errors, optimizing system structure, and exploring new security protocols, providing excellent solutions for the accuracy and reliability of quantum bit-based secure communication systems.

7. A quantum bit-based secure communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The secure communication module includes a quantum bit encryption unit, which proposes a quantum encryption algorithm based on conjugate coding. It uses the mathematical structure of conjugate coding to perform secure information encoding and decoding at the quantum bit level to ensure the confidentiality, security and integrity of information transmission during the communication process, thereby providing a powerful information protection mechanism for the quantum communication system.

8. A quantum bit-based secure communication system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The quantum encryption algorithm based on conjugate coding is specifically as follows: First, assume that the random key is represented by K=(K1, K2, ..., K J ), where K represents a binary quantum bit string of length L, K1, K2, ..., K J represents the binary quantum bit of each bit, J represents the total number of random keys, and the generation rule of conjugate coding is determined by set A and set B. The mathematical formulas of the two sets are respectively expressed as: in, and represents the set of generation rules for conjugate coding, e represents the binary quantum bit in the conjugate coding of L bits, l represents the binary quantum bit string bit index, e l Represented as the lth bit in the binary quantum bit string e, Expressed as in It is represented as an XOR operation. At the same time, assuming that the input of the quantum bit information is represented as χ i ∈{0, 1}, where i represents the number of qubits, the qubit conjugate encoding e and the input qubit information χ i Satisfies the following formula relationship: Among them, e (i) represents the quantum bit in the conjugate code corresponding to the i-th quantum bit. At this time, a quantum state is constructed. The constructed quantum state depends on the key K, making it difficult for unauthorized access to the key to obtain valid information. The quantum state formula is expressed as: in, Denotes the quantum bit χ i The conjugate encoding of represents the tensor product operation, Represented as a quantum gate, by introducing the quantum gate Add algorithm The randomness of the quantum bit can enhance the security of the quantum bit. represents a quantum bit in conjugate encoding, the state depends on the key K j By introducing key selection and key randomness, a conjugate code with unpredictability and security is generated to encrypt quantum bit information; secondly, the conjugate code Perform Hadamard gate H operation, a single-bit gate that performs superposition operation on quantum bits, and the formula is expressed as: in, It is represented as the quantum state conjugate encoding after the Hadamard gate operation, The quantum bit in the conjugate code corresponding to each bit in the i-th quantum bit increases the complexity of the ciphertext through the superposition effect of the Hadamard gate operation. At this time, the conjugate code after the Hadamard gate operation is To control the NOT gate operation, the formula is: in, represents the quantum state conjugate encoding after the controlled NOT gate operation, |0> control It is represented by controlling the state of the quantum bit to be 0, |1> control It is expressed as the state of the control quantum bit is 1, and the control quantum bit is flipped on the target quantum bit by controlling the NOT gate operation. The key correlation is introduced so that the same plaintext produces different ciphertexts in different encryption processes. The conjugate encoding after the control NOT gate operation is further For revolving door operation, the formula is: in, It is represented as the quantum state conjugate encoding after the rotating gate operation, R K (θ i ) is represented as a revolving door operation associated with the key K, θ i It is expressed as the key K and the plaintext quantum bit input information χ i The calculated angle and the revolving door operation formula are expressed as: Finally, the quantum state is conjugated and encoded by the projection operator Project it to the subspace corresponding to the measurement result to get the ciphertext The ciphertext formula obtained by the measurement operation based on the standard basis is expressed as: Among them, λ i represents the index used to select the quantum operation instance, and b represents a state in the standard basis, namely |0> and |1>, which encodes the quantum state conjugation. The measurement operation based on the standard basis will Collapse to a specific basic state, and then get the ciphertext Make the ciphertext The value of is related to the state of the quantum bit, thereby increasing the randomness and security of the algorithm encryption. For key attacks, the algorithm uses the principle of no signal transmission to ensure the security of the key. For plaintext attacks, the algorithm considers multiple gate operations of the encryption scheme to ensure the effectiveness of the system against plaintext attacks. Overall, the quantum encryption algorithm based on conjugate coding effectively combines key encryption, conjugate coding and quantum bit characteristics to provide good robustness and security for quantum bit-based secure communication systems.

9. A quantum bit-based secure communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The secure communication module includes a communication channel management unit, which ensures that the transmission channel of quantum bits is effectively maintained and controlled during the entire communication process through precise quantum bit transmission and reception management, thereby ensuring the reliability of the communication process and the security of information.

10. A quantum bit-based secure communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The identity management and verification module ensures that only authorized users are allowed to participate in the communication system through multi-level security strategies, manages user identities and verifies information, and adopts biometric recognition and multi-factor authentication technology to ensure the uniqueness and legitimacy of users, and to ensure the security and compliance of the communication system.

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