Cultivation method for increasing soil organic matter and moisture content and improving sweetness

Abstract

The invention provides a cultivation method for increasing soil organic matters and moisture content and improving sweetness, which comprises the following steps: after rice is harvested, field drainage and straw treatment are carried out, so that the soil is quickly dried; a flame spray gun is adopted for spraying and burning the remaining straw, and meanwhile a disinfectant is sprayed to the field; the field parcels are exposed to the sun, and then a powder ridge deep ploughing and subsoiling machine is adopted for powder ridge tillage; the method comprises the following steps: culturing tobacco seedlings by adopting a seedling raising fertilizer, and spraying a microbial compound bacteria solution in a big cross period; planting in a high-ridging and high-hilling manner; slow-release bio-organic fertilizer is applied to the middle of the ridge in a canal application mode; harvesting the tobacco leaves according to the maturing time of the upper, middle and lower tobacco leaves. The self-propelled powder ridge deep ploughing and subsoiling machine is utilized, the effect of reconstructing the soil structure is achieved, the deep soil nutrient circulation capacity can be activated, the water and fertilizer maintaining capacity of soil is improved, a good maturing condition is provided for tobacco leaf maturing of flue-cured tobacco, and the sweetness of the flue-cured tobacco is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco-rice planting and flue-cured tobacco, and in particular to a farming method for increasing soil organic matter and water content and improving sweetness. Background Art

[0002] The long-term single and intensive planting mode and the application of large amounts of chemical fertilizers have caused the physical and chemical properties of the soil to decrease year by year, and the problems of soil nutrient imbalance have become increasingly serious, which are specifically manifested in the reduction of soil organic matter, the aggravation of soil compaction, the upward movement of the plow bottom layer, the increase of soil bulk density, and the lack of trace elements. At present, direct rotary tillage, Chinese plow plowing, harrowing and other tillage methods are usually used to change the soil plough layer, but these measures are limited to the transformation of the shallow plough layer, and the degree of transformation of the deep soil is low. The fertilizer surface and deep layers are unevenly distributed, and nutrients often stay on the soil surface and are difficult to reach the deep soil layer. The soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer has deteriorated, and water and fertilizer loss is serious. In terms of soil nutrients, traditional tillage methods are not conducive to its nutrient circulation, supply and transportation; in terms of flue-cured tobacco production, nutrients are difficult to reach the deep soil, which is not conducive to its deep rooting, resulting in limited growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, and is not conducive to the construction of the upper morphology of flue-cured tobacco. It has a certain impact on the stress resistance of flue-cured tobacco, which is easy to cause a decline in the economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco agriculture.

[0003] Sweetness is an important indicator of tobacco leaf quality, and the sweetness of flue-cured tobacco is related to soil properties. Factors such as soil texture (porosity, bulk density, etc.), pH value, total nutrient content and coordination, and moisture content may affect the sugar content of tobacco leaves, thereby affecting the sweetness of tobacco leaves. Powder ridge deep tillage technology can effectively solve the problem of upward movement of the plow bottom layer, enhance the soil's water and fertilizer retention performance, increase soil moisture content, and promote the establishment of deep root morphology.

[0004] The powder ridge farming method can not only effectively improve the air permeability and water retention capacity of the soil, but also has a certain promoting effect on improving the available nutrients in the soil. This method is mainly used for the cultivation of dryland crops such as sugarcane, wheat, and corn, and has a certain degree of universality. Although a single powder ridge measure can activate nutrients (such as increasing soil effective nitrogen, effective phosphorus, and effective potassium), as the soil is continuously used, the soil structure is also damaged, and the soil water and fertilizer retention capacity is also weakened accordingly. For example, the existing patent CN110055079A discloses a soil remediation agent for improving soil moisture content, which mainly uses biochar and humic acid two materials mixed in a certain proportion, and is intended to improve soil water holding capacity by increasing soil organic carbon and organic acid. CN110577439A discloses a composite organic fertilizer composed of crop straw, edible fungus residue, edible organic matter, etc. to improve soil and thus increase soil moisture content; CN107935644A discloses a fermentation method of saline-alkali land microbial fertilizer, wherein the microbial agent is composed of Bacillus megaterium, yeast and lactobacillus, and livestock and poultry manure and straw are decomposed by fermentation of the agent. The application of microbial fertilizer increases the content of soil organic matter and total soil nutrients, and the metabolites produced by the biochemical metabolism activities of soil microorganisms using these organic matters as raw materials can change the soil ion solubility, reduce soil salinity and soil pH, and make the soil condition develop towards a benign state.

[0005] The above methods mainly utilize existing organic materials to directly increase the soil water holding potential or ferment organic materials through bacterial agents to obtain metabolites that are beneficial to increasing soil moisture content. However, this method is difficult to improve the deep soil structure, and in the tobacco-rice rotation production areas of Hunan Province, a large amount of remaining tobacco and rice straw needs to be processed urgently.

[0006] Based on this, the present invention designs a farming method for increasing soil organic matter and water content and improving sweetness. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention provides a farming method for increasing soil organic matter and water content and improving sweetness, the purpose of which is to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the background technology.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the embodiment of the present invention provides a farming method for increasing soil organic matter and water content and improving sweetness, a farming technology suitable for the tobacco-rice rotation production area in Hunan to effectively improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil and improve the sweetness of flue-cured tobacco. The technology uses powder ridge deep tillage machinery and two special fertilizers, namely, fertilizer for seedling cultivation and fertilizer for field use. Before and after the planting of flue-cured tobacco, it mainly goes through 7 necessary steps including plowing preparation, field disinfection, powder ridge deep tillage, tobacco seedling cultivation, trenching and ridge formation, precise fertilization, and timely harvesting.

[0009] The embodiment of the present invention provides a farming method for increasing soil organic matter and water content and improving sweetness, comprising the following steps:

[0010] S1: Drain the field and treat the straw after rice harvest so that the soil can dry quickly and prepare for winter exposure; this helps to remove some insect eggs and pathogens, thereby reducing the possibility of pests and diseases;

[0011] S2: Use flame spray guns to burn the remaining straw and spray disinfectants on the fields to reduce the potential outbreak of soil pests and diseases;

[0012] S3: Expose the field to the sun, and then use a deep tillage machine to perform deep tillage to improve soil structure, reduce bulk density, increase soil porosity, and promote soil aeration and root growth;

[0013] S4: Take tobacco seedlings and cultivate them with seedling fertilizer, and spray them with microbial compound liquid at the big cross stage;

[0014] S5: Planting with high ridges and high soil-raising method; it helps to improve the drainage and thermal insulation performance of the soil;

[0015] S6: Apply slow-release bio-organic fertilizer to the middle of the ridge by channel application; this helps improve the utilization efficiency of soil nutrients;

[0016] S7: Harvest tobacco leaves according to the maturity time of the upper, middle and lower tobacco leaves to ensure the best tobacco leaf quality and yield.

[0017] According to one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the tobacco leaves are flue-cured tobacco.

[0018] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, the microbial composite bacterial liquid is composed of phagocytosis, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas, Trichoderma, and arbuscular fungi in a weight ratio of 3 to 4: 2 to 3: 1 to 2: 2 to 3: 2 to 3, and the number of viable bacteria is > 20 billion / g. It can be sprayed on the seedling matrix after diluting it ten times with clean water. Among them, the weight ratio of phagocytosis, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas, Trichoderma, and arbuscular fungi is 3: 2: 1: 2: 2, 3: 3: 1: 2: 2, 4: 3: 2: 3: 3, 4: 2: 1: 2: 2, ... and so on.

[0019] According to one aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, the composition of the slow-release biological organic fertilizer includes, by weight: 15 to 20 parts of rice straw, 8 to 10 parts of discarded tobacco stems, 8 to 10 parts of tobacco leaves, 10 to 12 parts of poultry manure, 15 to 20 parts of biomass carbon, 15 to 20 parts of astragalus, 10 to 12 parts of cow dung, 20 to 25 parts of pig dung, and organic composting agent. The combined action of multiple bacteria effectively accelerates the decomposition of organic matter, shortens the composting time, prolongs the high temperature duration, promotes the decomposition of compost materials, and improves the quality of compost products.

[0020] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, the configuration process of the slow-release biological organic fertilizer is: take 15 to 20 parts of rice straw, 8 to 10 parts of discarded tobacco stems, 8 to 10 parts of tobacco leaves, 10 to 12 parts of chicken and duck feces, 15 to 20 parts of biomass carbon, 15 to 20 parts of astragalus, 10 to 12 parts of cow dung, and 20 to 25 parts of pig manure, mix and stir evenly, add water to adjust the pH value to 6 to 7 and the moisture content to 60% to 70%, then add an organic composting agent, and perform aerobic fermentation for 7 days. After the fermentation is completed, a decomposed material is obtained, and the moisture content is controlled to 25% to 30% for standby use.

[0021] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, the organic composting agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, yeast, lactic acid bacteria, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae.

[0022] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, the organic composting agent is composed of 18% to 22% Bacillus subtilis, 3% to 5% Bacillus subtilis, 3% to 5% Pseudomonas, 18% to 22% yeast, 8% to 10% lactic acid bacteria, 18% to 22% Aspergillus niger and 18% to 22% Aspergillus oryzae.

[0023] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, the organic composting agent consists of 20% Bacillus subtilis, 5% Bacillus subtilis, 5% Pseudomonas pseudoxanthomonas, 20% yeast, 10% lactic acid bacteria, 20% Aspergillus niger and 20% Aspergillus oryzae.

[0024] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, the disinfectant is at least one of sodium methyldithiocarbamate and chlorine dioxide.

[0025] The above scheme of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] (1) The present invention integrates a series of management practices such as drainage, soil improvement, fertilization, pest control and timely harvesting to improve the health of the soil and plants, thereby improving the taste and quality of tobacco leaves.

[0027] (2) Deep tillage with powder ridges can effectively reduce the bulk density, reduce the compactness, increase the porosity of the soil, effectively loosen the soil environment, adjust the physical properties of the soil, and increase the porosity between the soil while increasing the organic matter content, so that under high temperature conditions, the ability to condense water vapor and the amount of absorption are improved, the soil moisture retention effect is improved, and an environment with high temperature and humidity is created, which is conducive to the rapid reproduction of soil microorganisms. The present invention uses a self-propelled powder ridge deep tillage and subsoil machine, which not only plays a role in reconstructing the soil structure, but also activates the nutrient circulation capacity of the deep soil, and expands the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer, providing good maturation conditions for the maturation of flue-cured tobacco leaves and improving the sweetness of flue-cured tobacco.

[0028] (3) The present invention effectively accelerates the decomposition of organic matter, shortens the composting time, prolongs the high temperature duration, promotes the maturity of composting materials, and improves the quality of compost products by designing the ratio of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus subtilis and cooperating with other multiple bacteria. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0030] Figure 1 It is an embodiment of the present invention, a farming method for increasing soil organic matter and water content and improving sweetness, and the water content of the 0-10 cm tillage layer in each month under different farming methods;

[0031] Figure 2 It is an embodiment of the present invention, a farming method for increasing soil organic matter and water content and improving sweetness, and the water content of the 10-20 cm tillage layer in each month under different farming methods;

[0032] Figure 3 The present invention discloses a farming method for increasing soil organic matter and water content and improving sweetness, and the water content of the 20-30 cm tillage layer in each month under different farming methods. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention more clear, a detailed description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0034] Unless otherwise defined, all professional terms used below have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. The professional terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Unless otherwise specified, various raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in the present invention can be purchased from the market or prepared by existing methods.

[0036] In view of the existing problems, the present invention provides a farming method for increasing soil organic matter and water content and improving sweetness, comprising the following steps:

[0037] 1. Preparation for tillage: After rice harvest, dig drainage ditches to remove excess water from the field, dry the soil quickly, remove excess rice straw from the field, and try to remove the straw in the field, so that the field can be exposed to the sun during the winter, remove some insect eggs and kill some pathogens;

[0038] 2. Field disinfection: Use a flame spray gun to burn the remaining straw in the field to remove the places where insect eggs hide over the winter, and spray disinfectants on the field to reduce the possibility of soil pests and diseases.

[0039] 3. Deep ploughing with powder ridges: Use a self-propelled powder ridge deep tillage and loosening machine to adjust the tillage depth to 25-35cm; expose the field to the sun in the spring of next year, choose a time when the field moisture content is low to ensure that the tillage equipment does not sink, and use a self-propelled powder ridge deep tillage and loosening machine to plow the ridges twice to fully stir the deep tillage soil, remove tillage obstacles, effectively reduce soil bulk density and compactness, increase soil porosity, and increase the depth of the tillage layer;

[0040] 4. Tobacco seedling cultivation: Tobacco seedlings are uniformly cultivated by tobacco companies, and seedling fertilizer is applied for cultivation. At the cross stage of tobacco seedlings, the bacterial solution is sprayed on the seedling tray. Among them, the seedling fertilizer is a mixture of tobacco-specific base fertilizer (Hunan Jinye Zhongwang Technology Co., Ltd.) and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (Hubei Jinmingzhu Chemical Co., Ltd.) at a weight ratio of 4:1. The effective phosphorus P2O5 in the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is ≥12%, and the mass ratio of N, P2O5, and K2O in the tobacco-specific base fertilizer is 8:17:7, and the total nutrients are ≥32% and the organic matter is ≥15%. Among them, the weight ratio of phagocytosis, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas, Trichoderma, and Arbuscular fungi in the bacterial solution is 3:2:1:2:2, 3:3:1:2:2, 4:3:2:3:3, 4:2:1:2:2, ... etc.

[0041] 5. Trenching and ridge-building: high ridge-building and high soil-building methods are adopted, and the ridge-building height is set to 35cm;

[0042] 6. Precision fertilization: After the ridge is formed, apply the slow-release bio-organic fertilizer at 300kg / mu in the middle of the ridge. The application method is channel application, that is, dig a 10cm horizontal ditch in the middle of the ridge, apply the slow-release organic fertilizer evenly into the channel, and then bury it with ridge soil. Among them, the slow-release biological organic fertilizer includes, by weight: 15 parts of rice straw, 8 parts of discarded tobacco stems, 8 parts of tobacco leaves, 10 parts of poultry manure, 15 parts of biomass carbon, 15 parts of astragalus, 10 parts of cow dung, 20 parts of pig manure, and organic composting agent; or 20 parts of rice straw, 10 parts of discarded tobacco stems, 10 parts of tobacco leaves, 12 parts of poultry manure, 20 parts of biomass carbon, 20 parts of astragalus, 12 parts of cow dung, 25 parts of pig manure, and organic composting agent; or 15 parts of rice straw, 10 parts of discarded tobacco stems, 10 parts of tobacco leaves, 10 parts of poultry manure, 15 parts of biomass carbon, 15 parts of astragalus, 10 parts of cow dung, 20 parts of pig manure, and organic composting agent; ...etc. The organic composting agent is composed of 18% to 22% Bacillus subtilis, 3% to 5% Bacillus colloids, 3% to 5% Pseudomonas, 18% to 22% yeast, 8% to 10% lactic acid bacteria, 18% to 22% Aspergillus niger and 18% to 22% Aspergillus oryzae. Preferably, the organic composting agent is composed of 20% Bacillus subtilis, 5% Bacillus colloids, 5% Pseudomonas, 20% yeast, 10% lactic acid bacteria, 20% Aspergillus niger and 20% Aspergillus oryzae.

[0043] 7. Timely harvesting: harvest tobacco leaves according to the principle of harvesting the lower leaves early, harvesting the middle leaves when they are ripe, and harvesting the upper 4-6 leaves when they are ripe at one time.

[0044] The following is a description of the specific embodiments.

[0045] Embodiment 1

[0046] Experiment on the effects of different tillage methods on soil moisture content and flue-cured tobacco sweetness in step S3

[0047] 1. Test site conditions

[0048] Liuyang is located at the border of Hunan and Jiangxi, in the northeast of Hunan. The experimental site is Xiadawu (113°22′2″, 28°17′17″) in Yong’an Town, Liuyang City, Changsha. The soil type is paddy soil with loamy sandy texture.

[0049] 2. Experimental arrangement

[0050] The experiment adopted a single-factor experimental design and set up three tillage methods, namely G1 (powder ridges with a 30 cm deep tillage followed by ridge formation), G2 (rotary tillage followed by ridge formation with a tillage depth of 15 cm) and G3 (direct rotary tillage with ridge formation and a tillage depth of 12 cm). Each tillage method had three plots, each with an area of ​​289 m 2 (17.20m×16.80m). Ridge making and fertilization after cultivation are the same, and the tobacco leaf harvesting method is the same.

[0051] 3. Sample collection and determination methods

[0052] 3.1 Soil samples were collected using a 30 cm soil column sampler (QTZ-1 portable sampler, 30 cm in length and 7.50 cm in diameter) using a 5-point sampling method, with 5 soil columns for each treatment.

[0053] 3.2 Detection of soil organic matter content

[0054] When the flue-cured tobacco was grown for 90 days, each treatment soil column was divided into 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm soil layers, and the soil organic matter was determined by K2Cr2O7 oxidation-spectrophotometry, which specifically included the following steps.

[0055] (1) Weigh 0.5 g of soil sample through a 60-mesh sieve and record the sample weight.

[0056] (2) Pour the weighed sample into a dry hard test tube and slowly and accurately add 10 mL of 1.0333 mol / L potassium dichromate standard solution using a pipette.

[0057] (3) Add a small funnel to the mouth of the test tube, preheat the oil bath to 185-190°C, place the test tube in a wire cage, and then place the wire cage in the oil bath to heat.

[0058] (4) Control the oil bath temperature at 170-180°C. Start timing when the liquid in the test tube begins to boil and bubbles appear. Boil for 5 minutes, remove the test tube, cool it slightly, and wipe off the oil on the outside of the test tube.

[0059] (5) Titration analysis

[0060] aAfter cooling, carefully wash all the contents of the test tube into a 250mL Erlenmeyer flask to a total volume of 60-70mL and maintain the sulfuric acid concentration at 11.5mol / L.

[0061] b. Add 3-4 drops of o-phenanthroline indicator and titrate with 0.2 mol / L standard ferrous sulfate solution until the solution changes from yellow to green, light green and then to brown-red, which is the end point.

[0062] c. Two blank tests must be performed while measuring the sample and the average value must be taken.

[0063] d Result calculation

[0064] The organic matter content was calculated based on the titration results using the following formula:

[0065] Organic matter g / kg = (V0-V)×N×0.003×1.724×1.1 / sample weight×1000, where V0 is the milliliters of ferrous sulfate used to titrate the blank solution, V is the milliliters of ferrous sulfate used to titrate the sample solution, N is the concentration of standard ferrous sulfate (mol / L), 0.003 is the molar mass conversion factor, 1.724 is the coefficient for the conversion of organic carbon and organic matter, and 1.1 is the oxidation correction constant.

[0066] 3.3 Detection of soil moisture content

[0067] A soil temperature and humidity recorder (Wuhan Zhongke Nenghui) was used to record the soil moisture content of the 0-30 cm tillage layer once every hour. Each tillage layer differed by 10 cm and was recorded in three layers. The monthly data was calculated as an average per hour.

[0068] 3.4 Determination of sweetness of flue-cured tobacco

[0069] Experts from Hunan China Tobacco Industrial Co., Ltd. were invited to conduct sensory quality evaluation of tobacco leaves.

[0070] 4. Test results

[0071] 4.1 Changes in soil organic matter at different depths

[0072] The results in Table 1 show that the organic matter content of the soil in the 0-10cm and 10-20cm layers of each treatment is G1>G2>G3 and G2>G3>G1, respectively, but the differences between the treatments are not significant; in the 20-30cm soil layer, the organic matter content of the soil in the G1 treatment is significantly higher than that in the G2 and G3 treatments, and the organic matter content of the soil in the G2 treatment is 8.18% higher than that in the G3 treatment, but the differences between the G2 and G3 treatments are not significant. It can be seen that the G1 treatment can significantly increase the organic matter content of the deep soil.

[0073] Table 1 Changes of soil organic matter at different depths

[0074] SOM(g / kg) G1 G2 G3 0-10cm 21.68±0.34a 21.45±1.08a 21.28±1.39a 10-20cm 21.85±1.88a 22.71±1.99a 21.88±1.77a 20-30cm 18.79±0.96a 16.12±1.27b 14.90±1.44b

[0075] 4.2 Changes in soil moisture content at different depths

[0076] Depend on Figure 1 , 2As can be seen from Figures 3 and 3, in March and April after transplanting, the average soil moisture content of the 0-40 cm tillage layer in the G1 treatment was higher than that in the G2 and G3 treatments, and the differences were extremely significant (P<0.01). In May after transplanting, the moisture content of the 0-10 cm tillage layer in G3 was the highest, and the pattern of the 10-40 cm tillage layer was consistent with that in March and April. Moreover, from March to May, the average soil moisture content of G1 in the 0-10 cm tillage layer was 0.62 percentage points higher than that of G2, 3.23 and 4.92 percentage points higher than that of G2 and G3 respectively in the 10-20 cm tillage layer, 9.43 and 12.3 percentage points higher in the 20-30 cm tillage layer, and 9.56 and 13.88 percentage points higher in the 30-40 cm tillage layer. In June after transplanting, the soil moisture content of G3 in the 0-10 cm tillage layer was the highest and the difference was extremely significant (P<0.01), while there was no significant difference in the 10-30 cm tillage layer. In the 30-40 cm tillage layer, G1 had the highest soil moisture content and the difference was extremely significant (P<0.01). In July after transplanting flue-cured tobacco, the soil moisture content in the 0-10 cm tillage layer was basically the same as that in June, and in the 10-40 cm tillage layer, the G1 treatment was extremely significantly higher than the G3 control treatment (P<0.01).

[0077] 4.3 Effects of different treatments on the sweetness of flue-cured tobacco

[0078] As shown in Table 2, the sweetness of the flue-cured tobacco leaves under the C3F grade is G1>G2>G3, and the sweetness of the flue-cured tobacco leaves under the B2F grade is G1>G2=G3, indicating that the powder ridge treatment is beneficial to improving the sweetness of the flue-cured tobacco leaves.

[0079] Table 2 Evaluation of sweetness of different parts of flue-cured tobacco leaves

[0080]

[0081] According to the results of this experiment, powder ridges are beneficial to the increase of organic matter and water content in deep soil, which may be the result of soil structure reconstruction under the action of powder ridges. Compared with soil that has been cultivated in shallow layers for a long time, the cultivation of powder ridges is deeper, which can loosen the compacted soil structure and make it more likely for water and fertilizer to flow into the deep soil. While alleviating the further deterioration of soil structure and improving soil physical and chemical properties, it also provides a good soil environment and nutrient support for the growth and deep rooting of flue-cured tobacco roots.

[0082] Embodiment 2

[0083] Investigate the effect of applying different bacterial agents on soil moisture content in step S6

[0084] 1. Test site conditions

[0085] Liuyang is located at the border of Hunan and Jiangxi, in the northeast of Hunan. The experimental site is Xiadawu (113°22′2″, 28°17′17″) in Yong’an Town, Liuyang City, Changsha. The soil type is paddy soil with loamy sandy texture.

[0086] 2. Experimental arrangement

[0087] The experiment adopted a single-factor experimental design and set up 6 treatments, namely CK1 (conventional compound fertilizer), CK2 (natural decomposition of organic materials), T1 (organic materials + decomposition agent 1), T2 (organic materials + decomposition agent 2), T3 (organic materials + decomposition agent 3), and T4 (organic materials + decomposition agent 4). The tillage method was conventional tillage followed by ridge formation.

[0088] The composition of conventional compound fertilizer is N: P2O5: K2O in a mass ratio of 2:2:5. Nitrogen fertilizer uses KNO3, phosphate fertilizer uses Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O, and potash fertilizer uses K2SO4.

[0089] Preparation of compound bacterial fertilizer: Mix and stir organic materials (including 15-20 parts of rice straw, 8-10 parts of discarded tobacco stems, 8-10 parts of tobacco leaves, 10-12 parts of chicken and duck feces, 15-20 parts of biomass carbon, 15-20 parts of astragalus, 10-12 parts of cow dung, and 20-25 parts of pig dung) evenly, add appropriate amount of water to adjust the pH to 6-7 and the moisture content to 60-70%, and add a decomposing agent to the mixed material for aerobic fermentation for about 7 days. After the fermentation is completed, the decomposed material is obtained, and the moisture content is controlled to 25-30% for standby use.

[0090] Decomposition agent 1 (composed of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas, yeast, lactic acid bacteria, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae in a mass ratio of 5:1:4:2:4:4)

[0091] Decomposition agent 2 (composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus colloids, Pseudomonas, yeast, lactic acid bacteria, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae in a mass ratio of 4:1:1:4:2:4:4)

[0092] Decomposition agent 3 (composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus colloids, Pseudomonas, yeast, lactic acid bacteria, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae in a mass ratio of 3:2:1:4:2:4:4)

[0093] Decomposition agent 4 (composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus colloids, Pseudomonas, yeast, lactic acid bacteria, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae in a mass ratio of 2:3:1:4:2:4:4)

[0094] Decomposition agent 5 (composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus colloids, Pseudomonas, yeast, lactic acid bacteria, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae in a mass ratio of 8:1:2:8:4:8:8)

[0095] 3. Sample collection and determination methods

[0096] 3.1 Detection of soil moisture content 0-30 cm soil samples were collected 30 days, 60 days, 90 days and 120 days after tobacco transplanting, and the soil moisture content was measured by drying method.

[0097] 3.2 Destructive sampling was used to sample three tobacco plants from each treatment at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after transplanting, and the root volume was determined by the drainage method.

[0098] 4. Test results

[0099] The results (Table 3) showed that compared with CK1 (conventional compound fertilizer), the application of organic fertilizer treatments (CK2, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5) had a certain improvement on the soil moisture content in each month; among them, the T2 treatment had a higher soil water holding rate in each period, and was significantly higher than the other treatments;

[0100] Table 4 shows that the root volume of different treatments was different 60 days, 90 days and 120 days after transplanting, and the root volume of the treatment with the addition of bacterial agent was significantly increased compared with the treatment without the addition of bacterial agent 30 days after transplanting. 60 days after transplanting, the root volume trend was T2>T1≈T5>T3≈T4>CK2>CK1, and the root volume of the T2 treatment was significantly larger than that of the other treatments; 90 days after transplanting, the root volume trend of the flue-cured tobacco was T2>T3>T4>T5>T1>CK2>CK1, among which the T2 treatment was significantly higher than the other treatments and had the best effect. 120 days after transplanting, the root volume trend of the flue-cured tobacco was T2>T4≈T1>T3>T5>CK2>CK1. Among them, the T2 treatment was significantly better than the other treatments.

[0101] In summary, the effect of adding microbial agents in improving soil moisture content and promoting the growth of flue-cured tobacco roots is better than that of not adding microbial agents and natural fermentation. The ratio of different Bacillus species in the microbial agents has a certain effect on the experimental results. Among them, the ratio of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus subtilis performed best in the treatment of decomposition agent 2 in this experiment.

[0102] This experiment explored the effects of different microbial formulations on soil moisture content and root volume. In this experiment, the results under T2 microbial formulation conditions were optimal.

[0103] Table 3 Average soil moisture content in each month (%)

[0104]

[0105] Table 4 Root volume in different treatments (cm) 3

[0106]

[0107] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A farming method for increasing soil organic matter and water content and improving sweetness, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Field drainage and straw treatment after rice harvest to allow soil to dry quickly; S2: Use a flame spray gun to burn the remaining straw and spray disinfectant on the field at the same time; S3: Expose the field to the sun, and then use a deep tillage machine to perform deep tillage; S4: Take tobacco seedlings and cultivate them with seedling fertilizer, and spray them with microbial compound liquid at the big cross stage; S5: Planting with high ridges and high soil cultivation; S6: Apply the slow-release bio-organic fertilizer to the middle of the ridge by channel application; S7: Harvest tobacco leaves according to the maturity time of the upper, middle and lower tobacco leaves.

2. A farming method for increasing soil organic matter and water content and improving sweetness according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tobacco leaves are flue-cured tobacco.

3. A farming method for increasing soil organic matter and water content and improving sweetness according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial composite bacterial liquid is composed of Bacillus phagocytes, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas, Trichoderma and Arbuscular mycorrhizal in a weight ratio of 3-4:2-3:1-2:2-3:2-3, and the number of live bacteria is >20 billion / g.

4. A farming method for increasing soil organic matter and water content and improving sweetness according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slow-release biological organic fertilizer comprises, by weight: 15 to 20 parts of rice straw, 8 to 10 parts of discarded tobacco stems, 8 to 10 parts of tobacco leaves, 10 to 12 parts of poultry manure, 15 to 20 parts of biomass carbon, 15 to 20 parts of astragalus, 10 to 12 parts of cow dung, 20 to 25 parts of pig dung, and an organic composting agent.

5. A farming method for increasing soil organic matter and water content and improving sweetness according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation process of the slow-release biological organic fertilizer is as follows: 15-20 parts of rice straw, 8-10 parts of discarded tobacco stems, 8-10 parts of tobacco leaves, 10-12 parts of chicken and duck feces, 15-20 parts of biomass carbon, 15-20 parts of astragalus, 10-12 parts of cow dung, and 20-25 parts of pig dung are mixed and stirred evenly, water is added to adjust the pH value to 6-7 and the moisture content to 60%-70%, and then an organic composting agent is added to perform aerobic fermentation for 7 days, and after the fermentation is completed, a decomposed material is obtained, and the moisture content is controlled to be 25%-30% for standby use.

6. A farming method for increasing soil organic matter and water content and improving sweetness according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The organic composting agent consists of bacillus subtilis, bacillus colloids, pseudoxanthomonas, yeast, lactic acid bacteria, aspergillus niger and aspergillus oryzae.

7. A farming method for increasing soil organic matter and water content and improving sweetness according to claim 6, characterized in that: The organic composting agent consists of 18% to 22% of bacillus subtilis, 3% to 5% of bacillus colloids, 3% to 5% of pseudoxanthomonas, 18% to 22% of yeast, 8% to 10% of lactic acid bacteria, 18% to 22% of aspergillus niger and 18% to 22% of aspergillus oryzae.

8. A farming method for increasing soil organic matter and water content and improving sweetness according to claim 7, characterized in that: The organic composting agent consists of 20% of bacillus subtilis, 5% of bacillus colloids, 5% of pseudoxanthomonas, 20% of yeast, 10% of lactic acid bacteria, 20% of aspergillus niger and 20% of aspergillus oryzae.

9. A farming method for increasing soil organic matter and water content and improving sweetness according to claim 1, characterized in that: The disinfectant is at least one of sodium methyldithiocarbamate and chlorine dioxide.

Images