Method for rapidly recovering degenerated land reed population through stolon domestication

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for rapidly recovering a degraded land reed population through stolon domestication, and belongs to the technical field of vegetation recovery. Comprising the following steps: at the beginning of a reed growth season from May to June every year, enabling reeds to crawl in a mode of draining water and manually pressing down overground stems, and then promoting germination of buds or root buds between creeping stem nodes in a continuous water control mode; in the middle ten days of July, selecting a suitable stolon containing internode buds or root buds, digging a root section from a base part, winding the stolon in the extending direction to form a circle, fixing the circle, and spraying water to preserve moisture; spreading the fixed stolons, transplanting the stolons into degraded land, and performing daily water and fertilizer management. According to the method, the stolons are induced to rapidly generate bud seedlings and fibrous roots through a specific stolon domestication method, then the stolons are used for planting and restoring the reed population, and the restoration of the reed population can be accelerated in cooperation with proper water and fertilizer management. Compared with a traditional reed recovery method, the method has the advantages of being high in speed, low in cost, high in survival rate and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetation restoration, and in particular relates to a method for rapidly restoring reed populations on degraded land through stolon domestication. Background Art

[0002] Desertification and salinization are the more serious ecological problems in land degradation. For example, in the past 50 years, the area of ​​saline-alkali land in the western part of the Songnen Plain has increased by 1.73 times. The degradation of grassland, wetland and farmland is one of the sources of salinized land. Desertification and salinization cause drought and salt-alkali stress to vegetation, making it difficult for plants to establish and grow. How to efficiently manage degraded land is an important issue that needs to be solved urgently.

[0003] Reed (Phragmites australis) is a perennial rhizome grass plant with a wide ecological range, strong reproductive capacity, high yield, and strong habitat adaptability. It is distributed in swamps, hills, tidal flats, freshwater lakeshores, clay soils, sandy lands, saline-alkali lands, and valleys. It can adapt to water levels of -1 to 1m and salinity of 0 to 20%. It is a dominant species in river floodplains, estuaries, and coastal swamps. Reed has many significant economic and ecological values. It can not only be used as raw materials for papermaking, mat weaving, and house construction, but also provide bird habitats and purify water quality. The reed root can also be used as a Chinese medicinal material. Therefore, reed is one of the most frequently selected species for many degraded soils and reconstruction.

[0004] The establishment and expansion of reed populations in natural habitats mainly rely on asexual reproduction of rhizomes. When the environment changes occasionally, the populations are propagated by above-ground runners. Their sexual reproduction ability is relatively weak. Common methods for restoring reed populations are tapping reed flowers, transplanting rhizomes, transplanting reed mounds, and pressing green reeds, which can be summarized into three methods: using seeds, underground stems, and above-ground stems. Among them, rhizome propagation has a relatively high survival rate, but both the buried rhizomes and reed mounds methods require the destruction of the original reed population structure, and the collection intensity is high, causing ecological damage; for seed propagation, reed seeds are very small, and the low content leads to a low germination rate, weak seedlings, poor environmental resistance, and a low survival rate for establishment; the collection and sowing process of reed tenderwood cuttings or pressing green reeds is easier than rhizomes and seeds, but it also has the characteristics of low survival rate and slow establishment. The three propagation methods also have strict requirements on environmental water and salt. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to promote the greening of degraded land and solve the problems of high cost of rhizome transplantation, great ecological destructiveness, low survival rate and slow establishment of seed and ground green reed reproduction in traditional reed restoration methods, the present invention proposes a method for quickly restoring reed populations on degraded land through runner domestication. The method is fast, has a high survival rate and low cost, and provides a basis for the management of desertified and salinized land and the restoration of swamps.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for rapidly restoring reed populations on degraded land by acclimatization of runners comprises the following steps:

[0008] At the beginning of the reed growing season in May and June each year, the reeds are made to creep by draining water and artificially pressing down the above-ground stems, and then the germination of internode buds or root buds of the creeping stems is promoted by continuous water control;

[0009] In mid-July, select suitable runners with internode buds or root buds, dig out the root segments from the base, and wrap the runners in a circle and fix them in place.

[0010] Transplant the fixed runners to degraded land and manage the plants with daily water and fertilizer.

[0011] Furthermore, the selected runners need to meet the following conditions: the runner length exceeds 4 m, the germination rate of internode buds exceeds 70%, and the root system does not extend into the soil.

[0012] Furthermore, when the runners are extended and wound into a circle and fixed, it is necessary to ensure that the internode buds or root buds are not broken.

[0013] Furthermore, the specific steps of the stolon transplanting are: land preparation, trenching, unfolding the fixed stolon, vertically inserting one end of the rhizome into the soil in the trench, and then flattening the stolon and laying it in the pre-prepared trench, and covering it with soil.

[0014] Furthermore, the trenching conditions are: trench depth 5-10 cm, trench spacing 0.5-1 m.

[0015] Furthermore, the distance between the runners in each furrow is 0.5-1 m.

[0016] Furthermore, the specific operation of the daily water and fertilizer management is: after laying the runners flat, cover the soil and water, the amount of watering is based on the water in the soil remaining saturated within 1-2 weeks, and then replenish water once every 1 week, and each time replenish water until the water in the soil reaches saturation; one month after transplanting, selectively supplement potassium nitrate according to the establishment of the runners to promote the growth of the runners.

[0017] Furthermore, the degraded land refers to salinized land, desertified land, degraded swamps, degraded grasslands or abandoned farmland.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0019] The present invention domesticates the runners by a specific domestication method, induces the nodes of the runners to quickly produce buds and fibrous roots, and then utilizes the runners to domesticate and carry out reed population construction and recovery, and cooperates with water and fertilizer management to accelerate the recovery of the reed population. The method has the advantages of fast speed, low cost and high survival rate.

[0020] The invention utilizes runners to replace the reproduction and planting methods of reed seeds, rhizomes, and above-ground upright stems. The method is simple and easy to implement, and the reed planting rate is higher than that of the traditional method, which can greatly promote the ecological management of degraded land and the recovery of reed populations.

[0021] The method for quickly restoring reed populations by using reed runners of the present invention can be used in various soil conditions. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0023] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing special embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between the intermediate value in any stated value or stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0024] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0025] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0026] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0027] The present invention aims to solve the technical problems of low utilization rate of degraded land, difficulty in plant growth, high cost and ecological destructiveness of rhizome transplanting, low survival rate and slow transplanting establishment of direct seeding, low survival rate and slow establishment of aboveground stem cuttings in traditional methods of reed population restoration. The technical scheme includes the following steps: 1. domesticating the runners to produce internode buds or root buds; 2. cutting and preserving the runners; 3. transplanting the runners and managing water and fertilizer. In the present invention, reed runners can be used in various soil conditions to quickly restore the reed population. The present invention is applied to a method for restoring reed populations on degraded land.

[0028] Stolon is a kind of modified stem of reed, and has the function of lateral growth like rhizome, but the difference is that they grow on the surface and underground respectively, and belong to a morphological structure of reed to adapt to the environment, and its crawling speed is very fast, crawling 8cm on average every day in the growing season, and the total length can reach 10m. However, there are not many stolons growing under normal environment, and only when the water and salt are abnormal will the upright stolon grow upward from the ground. Therefore, the present invention domesticates and removes stolon by a specific domestication method, and then utilizes stolon domestication to carry out reed population construction and restoration, and the method has the advantages of fast speed, low cost and high survival rate.

[0029] Reed runners usually occur in flooded and drained areas or arid areas. When suitable hydrological conditions exist near the runners, the present invention causes the nodes of the runners to rapidly produce buds and fibrous roots by induction. The present invention utilizes runners to replace the propagation and planting methods of reed seeds, rhizomes, and above-ground upright stems. The method is simple and easy to implement, and the reed planting rate is higher than that of the traditional method.

[0030] The specific technical solutions are as follows:

[0031] 1) Tame the stolons to produce internode buds or root buds. Reed stolons are mostly grown in flooded and drained areas with a certain slope or in saline-alkali meadows. The former reed stolons can be up to 10 meters long, with an average node length of 18.3 cm, and the proportion of internode buds accounts for more than 70% of the total number of nodes; the latter reed stolons are generally no more than 2 meters, with an average node length of 8.3 cm, and the proportion of internode buds accounts for about 40% of the total number of nodes. Reed stolons mainly occur in early June, and the growth rate of reed stolons reaches the highest in mid-July. Select reed stolons in lakeside or riverbank drainage areas in mid-July. At this time, the number of internode buds reaches the maximum, and the internode roots have just begun to germinate, extending a small amount into the soil. Lock the material area needed for transplanting reeds. At the beginning of the reed growing season in May and June, drain the water and press down the above-ground stems to make the reeds creep. Then, add water to promote the germination of internode buds or root buds of the creeping stems.

[0032] 2) Cutting and preservation of runners. In early July, select runners with a germination rate of more than 70% of internode buds or root buds, a length of more than 4m, and roots that have not extended into the soil. Dig out the root base from the base, wrap the runners in the extension direction and tie them with a small rope, spray some water and put them in a bag for later use. Be careful to ensure that the internode buds are not broken during this process.

[0033] 3) Stolon transplanting and water and fertilizer management. Select a plot of degraded land and use agricultural machinery to dig trenches with a depth of 5-10cm and a spacing of 0.5-1m. Unfold the taken runners, insert one end of the rhizome vertically into the soil, then spread the runners flat and spread them into the prepared trenches, and then cover with soil. The distance between the runners in each trench is 0.5-1m. Water after successful transplanting. The amount of watering is based on the water in the soil remaining saturated for about 1 week, and then replenish water once every 1 week, and each time replenish water until the water in the soil reaches saturation; one month after transplanting, selectively supplement potassium nitrate according to the establishment of the runners to promote the growth of runners.

[0034] The degraded land refers to saline-alkali land, sandy land, degraded swamps, degraded grassland or abandoned farmland.

[0035] The raw materials used in the present invention are all purchased from the market.

[0036] The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following embodiments.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] A method for rapidly restoring reed populations on degraded land by acclimatization of runners, the specific steps are as follows:

[0039] 1) Domesticate the runners to produce internode buds or root buds: Using the severely degraded marsh area of ​​Niuxintaobao reed farm as the experimental base, at the beginning of the reed growing season from May to June 2020, the reeds were made to creep by draining water and artificially pressing down the above-ground stems, and then the germination of the runner internode buds or root buds was promoted by continuous water control;

[0040] 2) Cutting and preservation of runners: In mid-July, select runners with a germination rate of internode buds or root buds exceeding 70%, a length exceeding 4m, and roots that have not extended into the soil. Dig out the root base from the base, wrap the runners in a circle in the extension direction and tie them with a small rope, spray some water and put them in a bag for later use. Be careful to ensure that the internode buds are not broken during this process;

[0041] 3) Stolon transplanting and water and fertilizer management: Select a suitable plot (pH of about 9.6) in a severely degraded swamp area, use agricultural machinery to dig trenches with a depth of 5 cm and a spacing of 0.5 m between trenches; unfold the taken stolons, insert one end of the rhizome vertically into the soil, then spread the stolons flat into the prepared trenches, and then cover with soil. The spacing between the stolons in each trench is 1 m; water after successful transplanting, and the amount of watering is based on the water in the soil remaining saturated for about 1 week, and then replenish water once every 1 week, and each time replenish water until the water in the soil reaches saturation; one month after transplanting, selectively supplement potassium nitrate according to the establishment of the stolon to promote the growth of the stolon.

[0042] In this embodiment, three runners were transplanted, and the specifications of the transplanted reed runners are shown in Table 1. The monitoring results of the survival rate of the runners one month after transplantation are shown in Table 2.

[0043] Table 1 Specifications of transplanted reed runners

[0044]

[0045] Table 2 Monitoring of the survival rate of runners after transplanting

[0046] Serial number Number of transplanted sprouts Number of survivors Survival rate (%) 1 45 40 88.89％ 2 25 22 88％ 3 20 20 100％

[0047] As can be seen from Tables 1 and 2, by transplanting runners to severely degraded reed marshes in mid-July, the survival rate exceeded 90% after one month of water and fertilizer management. After the reed growing season ended in October, the tillering of the transplanted seedlings increased by more than 1 times, and new rhizomes were formed.

[0048] This method effectively helped restore the reed population in 50 mu of severely degraded areas (pH>9) in the experimental area. Transplantation was carried out in mid-July 2020, with seedlings equivalent to 2 runners per square meter, about 10-15 plants. By October, very few new tillers were formed, and most of them germinated as buds of underground rhizomes, so the population coverage was almost the same as the transplant coverage, less than 20%. In October 2021, the population coverage reached about 50%.

[0049] The above are only preferred specific implementations of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for rapidly restoring reed populations on degraded land by acclimatization of runners, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: At the beginning of the reed growing season in May and June each year, the reeds are made to creep by draining water and artificially pressing down the above-ground stems, and then the germination of internode buds or root buds of the creeping stems is promoted by continuous water control; In mid-July, select suitable runners with internode buds or root buds, dig out the root segments from the base, and wrap the runners in a circle and fix them in place. Transplant the fixed runners to degraded land and manage the plants with daily water and fertilizer.

2. The method for rapidly restoring reed populations on degraded land by acclimatization of runners according to claim 1, characterized in that: The selected runners must meet the following conditions: the runner length exceeds 4m, the germination rate of internode buds exceeds 70%, and the root system has not extended into the soil.

3. The method for rapidly restoring reed populations on degraded land by acclimatization of runners according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the runners are extended and wound into a circle and fixed, it is necessary to ensure that the internode buds or root buds are not broken.

4. The method for rapidly restoring reed populations on degraded land by acclimatization of runners according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of the stolon transplanting are: land preparation, trenching, unfolding the fixed stolon, vertically inserting one end of the rhizome into the soil in the trench, and then flatly unfolding the stolon and laying it in the pre-prepared trench, and covering it with soil.

5. The method for rapidly restoring reed populations on degraded land by acclimatization of runners according to claim 4, characterized in that: The trenching conditions are as follows: trench depth is 5-10 cm and trench spacing is 0.5-1 m.

6. The method for rapidly restoring reed populations on degraded land by acclimatization of runners according to claim 4, characterized in that: The distance between runners in each trench is 0.5-1m.

7. The method for rapidly restoring reed populations on degraded land by acclimatization of runners according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific operation of the daily water and fertilizer management is as follows: after laying the runners flat, cover the soil and water them. The amount of watering is based on the water in the soil being saturated within 1-2 weeks. Then, water is replenished once every week, and the amount of water replenished each time is until the water in the soil reaches saturation. One month after transplanting, potassium nitrate is selectively supplemented according to the establishment of the runners to promote the growth of the runners.

8. The method for rapidly restoring reed populations on degraded land by acclimatization of runners according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The degraded land refers to salinized land, desertified land, degraded swamps, degraded grassland or abandoned farmland.

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