Portable field rig for core drilling and method of drilling and coring

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a portable engineering drilling rig for core drilling, which comprises a rig base, a lifting system, a power head assembly, a clamping mechanism and an operating platform. The power head assembly comprises a power head and a driving mechanism, wherein the power head comprises a hollow driving spindle configured for torque transmission, axial feeding and / or coring of the drill pipe. The power head is arranged on the sliding frame, and a third driving mechanism is configured to drive the power head to restrictively translate along a direction perpendicular to the axis of the drill pipe, so that the power head can be freely switched between a first position and a second position. According to the present disclosure, the rig can realize the translation of the power head, which can meet the drilling requirements of engineering construction and can also be used for standard penetration testing, thereby improving the work efficiency and construction progress. The hollow core shaft structure design facilitates the coring work and greatly reduces the labor intensity of the operator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of engineering drilling, and more particularly to a portable engineering exploration drilling rig for core drilling and a core sampling method. Background Technology

[0002] An exploration drilling rig is a type of mechanical equipment used for geological exploration. It drives a drilling tool to drill into the ground to obtain physical geological data, such as rock cores, mineral cores, and rock cuttings. Exploration drilling rigs are mainly used to explore underground geology and mineral resources, as well as to conduct standard penetration tests (SPT) to obtain soil hardness at different depths.

[0003] Currently, most commonly used exploration drilling rigs on the market utilize a top-drive power head to drive the drill rod to drill a certain depth into the soil before core extraction. During core extraction, since there is no hole at the top of the power head, the operator needs to rotate the power head around its axis at a certain angle (e.g., 135°) to leave room for core extraction. After core extraction, the power head must be returned to its original position. This operation increases the labor intensity of the operator and reduces work efficiency. In addition, the existing drilling rigs have insufficient clamping force and lack necessary protective measures, making them prone to accidents such as drill slippage due to misoperation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This disclosure provides a portable engineering survey drilling rig for core drilling and a core sampling method.

[0005] Specifically, this disclosure is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a portable geological exploration drilling rig for core drilling, comprising:

[0007] Drilling rig base;

[0008] The hoisting system, arranged on the drilling rig base, is used for lifting and hoisting the drill rod or raising the rock core, and includes a mast assembly, a luffing mechanism and a hoisting winch;

[0009] A power head assembly for rotary drilling of a drill pipe includes a power head and a drive mechanism, wherein the drive mechanism is at least capable of translating the power head along a direction perpendicular to the axis of the drill pipe;

[0010] The clamping mechanism is configured to center and clamp the drill pipe, and includes at least a first clamp and a second clamp arranged axially spaced from the first clamp along the same center positioning line, wherein the first clamp is disposed at the bottom of the power head, and the second clamp is fixed to one end of the bottom of the mast assembly.

[0011] The control panel includes an electrical control system, a hydraulic control system, and a mechanical control system; among which,

[0012] The power head is movably mounted on the mast assembly and includes at least a drive spindle. The drive spindle is a hollow mandrel with an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the drill pipe. The hollow mandrel is configured at least for torque transmission, axial feeding, and / or core extraction of the drill pipe.

[0013] The drive mechanism includes a first drive mechanism, a second drive mechanism, a third drive mechanism, and a sliding frame, wherein the power head is arranged on the sliding frame, and the third drive mechanism is configured to drive the power head to perform a restricted translation along a direction perpendicular to the drill pipe axis, so that the power head can freely switch between a first position and a second position.

[0014] In some embodiments, the mast assembly includes a mast body, a mast carriage, a mast crane support, a crane telescopic support, and a pulley assembly; wherein, the mast body is pivotally connected to the drilling rig base, the mast carriage is disposed on the mast body and slides up and down along the mast body under the action of the second drive mechanism, preferably, the second drive mechanism is a drilling and lifting cylinder; one end of the mast crane support is connected to the mast body, and the other end is connected to the crane telescopic support, the crane telescopic support is used to adjust the overall height of the mast assembly, the pulley assembly includes a fixed pulley and a movable pulley assembly, the fixed pulley is fixed near the top of the mast body, and the movable pulley assembly is foldable and disposed at the top of the crane telescopic support;

[0015] The luffing mechanism includes a landing support, a first auxiliary support, and a second auxiliary support. The landing support includes a first end and a second end. The first end is hinged to the drilling rig base, and the other end is a free end that can be selectively connected to the mast body at different tilt angles. Both the first auxiliary support and the second auxiliary support are telescopic multi-section supports. One end of the first and second auxiliary supports is hinged to the frame base, and the other end is hinged to the mast body and the mast crane support, respectively.

[0016] The hoisting winch includes a winch support, a drum, a hydraulic reduction mechanism, and wire ropes. The winch support is fixed to the drilling rig base. There are two wire ropes, one for pressurization and one for lifting. The two wire ropes are wound around the drum opposite each other. The drum is placed on the winch support. The hydraulic reduction mechanism is used for driving and controlling the lowering of the drill rod and the lifting of the drill rod or rock core.

[0017] In some embodiments, the sliding frame includes a rectangular lower sliding plate, a rectangular upper sliding plate, a first sliding assembly, and a second sliding assembly. The rectangular upper sliding plate and the rectangular lower sliding plate are stacked opposite each other and connected by a first slide rail. The first slide rail includes a first groove and a first track. There are two first grooves, which are symmetrically arranged along the upper and lower edges of the bottom surface of the rectangular upper sliding plate in a direction perpendicular to the drill rod axis. There are two first tracks, which are located on the top surface of the rectangular lower sliding plate at positions corresponding to the first grooves. The power head is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the rectangular upper sliding plate.

[0018] In some embodiments, the third driving mechanism is arranged in the accommodating space formed by the rectangular sliding plate, the rectangular upper sliding plate and the first sliding component, and is used to drive the rectangular upper sliding plate to move relative to the sliding plate.

[0019] The second sliding assembly includes at least a sliding fixing plate, which is fixed above the rectangular sliding plate, and the bottom surface of the sliding fixing plate is provided with a slot in a direction perpendicular to the drill rod axis for engaging with the mast slide.

[0020] The second drive mechanism is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the mast body along the axial direction of the drill rod, and includes a first drilling and lifting cylinder and a second drilling and lifting cylinder. The piston rods of the first and second drilling and lifting cylinders are respectively fixed on both sides of the bottom surface of the rectangular lower slide plate, and are used to push or lift the power head.

[0021] In some embodiments, the power head further includes a reduction gearbox, a gear transmission mechanism, and a bearing assembly; wherein,

[0022] The gearbox includes a first drive shaft eccentrically disposed with respect to the hollow mandrel, a coupling, a first bearing, a drive gear, and a gearbox housing. The first drive shaft is connected to the first drive mechanism via the coupling, and the drive gear is connected to the first drive shaft. The first bearing, the first drive shaft, and the drive gear are arranged on one side of the accommodating space formed by the gearbox housing, and the hollow mandrel passes through the gearbox housing and is disposed on the other side of the accommodating space.

[0023] The gear transmission mechanism includes a driven gear surrounding the outer wall of the hollow spindle, the driven gear meshing with the driving gear at a predetermined reduction ratio, wherein the reduction ratio is preferably 1:2;

[0024] The bearing assembly includes a second bearing and a third bearing, wherein the second bearing is fixed above the driven gear via a second bearing seat along the axial direction of the hollow spindle, and the third bearing is disposed at a first mounting position formed between the bottom of the gearbox housing and the hollow spindle.

[0025] In some embodiments, a bearing seat end cap, a wear-resistant bushing, and a core-taking end cap are provided near one end of the hollow mandrel along the drilling direction away from the drill pipe. The second bearing seat is fixed to the outer wall of the hollow mandrel via the bearing seat end cap, and the wear-resistant bushing is disposed between the bearing seat end cap and the hollow mandrel. The core-taking end cap is detachably connected to the top of the hollow mandrel. Alternatively,

[0026] The hollow mandrel extends downward from the bottom surface of the gearbox housing in the drilling direction of the drill rod, and the first clamp is disposed at the extended end of the hollow mandrel. A sealing bottom cover is also disposed between the gearbox housing and the first clamp.

[0027] In some embodiments, the first clamp is a self-clamping clamping mechanism, including a clamping cylinder liner, a clamping piston, a clamping cylinder barrel, a retaining ring, a retaining plate, a pressure plate, a retaining shoe, a compression spring, a compression spring cover, a retaining shoe seat, a power head end cover, and a shaft cover; wherein...

[0028] The clamping cylinder sleeve, clamping piston, and clamping cylinder barrel are arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside along the radial direction of the hollow mandrel. The clamping piston is sealed to the clamping cylinder sleeve and the clamping cylinder barrel. The retaining ring, the retaining plate, and the pressure plate are stacked sequentially along the axial direction of the hollow mandrel. The retaining ring is an annular washer fitted onto the outer wall of the hollow mandrel. The retaining plate is located below the retaining ring and is secured in a positioning groove formed on the outer wall of the hollow mandrel. The pressure plate is located below the retaining plate and is slidably connected to the retaining jaws.

[0029] The slip is composed of a slip body with a multi-lobed tile-shaped structure. The slip body is set on a second mounting position formed near the bottom of the hollow mandrel and encloses a clamping space. Anti-slip parts are distributed on the inner wall of the slip body, and a wedge-shaped structure is formed on the outer wall. The side of the slip seat that contacts the slip has a wedge-shaped part corresponding to the wedge-shaped structure of the slip body.

[0030] The compression spring is disposed within the variable accommodating space formed between the compression spring cover and the power head end cover; in the working state, the collet is configured to retract toward the axial direction of the hollow mandrel to provide a preset clamping force.

[0031] In some embodiments, the second gripper includes a fixed base, a gripper body, a clamping cylinder, a guide sleeve, and a chuck body; wherein...

[0032] The gripper body is fixedly mounted on the fixed base, which is detachably fixed to the lower end of the mast body. The guide sleeve is arranged opposite to the gripper body. The clamping cylinder includes a first clamping cylinder and a second clamping cylinder. The guide sleeve includes a first guide sleeve and a second guide sleeve. The chuck body includes a first chuck body and a second chuck body. The first chuck body is fixedly connected to the first clamping cylinder through the first guide sleeve, and the second chuck body is fixedly connected to the second clamping cylinder through the second guide sleeve.

[0033] In some embodiments, the control panel includes an instrument panel, a display screen, a pressure regulating and speed regulating valve knob, and an operating handle. The operating handle is electrically, hydraulically, or mechanically connected to the hoisting system, the power head assembly, and the clamping mechanism. The operating handle includes at least a drill pipe clamping directional valve operating handle, a power head translation directional valve operating handle, a power head directional valve operating handle, a drilling and lifting cylinder directional valve operating handle, and a hoisting winch directional valve operating handle.

[0034] Secondly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a drilling and coring method using the portable geological survey drilling rig of the first aspect, wherein...

[0035] During drilling, the mast assembly guides the lowering of the drill rod, while the hoisting winch releases the wire rope so that the drill rod passes through the shaft hole of the hollow mandrel and is clamped and fixed. At the same time, the power head assembly provides torque to drive the drill rod to rotate and pressurize downward to drill into the target layer at the predetermined depth.

[0036] During core retrieval, the retrieval device is connected to one end of the wire rope, and the lifting winch is controlled to release the wire rope so that the retrieval device passes through the shaft hole of the hollow mandrel and descends to the core cylinder in the target layer. The lifting winch is then controlled to tighten the wire rope, and the retrieval device removes the core cylinder after passing through the shaft hole of the hollow mandrel, thus completing the core retrieval.

[0037] According to the embodiments of this disclosure, by configuring the power head to freely switch between a first position and a second position, the engineering exploration drilling rig can meet the needs of multiple application scenarios such as drilling, coring, and standard penetration testing, improving work efficiency, shortening construction progress, and greatly reducing the labor intensity of operators; the hollow structure of the drive spindle design can facilitate the transmission of large torque force while also facilitating drill rod feeding and coring, greatly simplifying the workflow and improving labor efficiency; the adoption of a double clamping structure with a first clamp and a second clamp can ensure the center positioning of the drill rod, provide a more reliable clamping force for the drill rod, prevent accidents such as drill slippage due to misoperation, and improve safety and convenience.

[0038] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0039] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0040] Figure 1 This is a first-view structural schematic diagram of a portable engineering survey drilling rig according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a second-view structural schematic diagram of a portable engineering survey drilling rig according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the power head assembly and the mast assembly in one embodiment of this disclosure;

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the operating console according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0044] Figure label:

[0045] 10: Drilling rig base;

[0046] 20: Hoisting system; 21: Mast assembly; 22: Luffing mechanism; 23: Hoisting winch; 210: Mast body; 211: Mast carriage; 212: Mast crane support; 213: Crane telescopic support; 214: Pulley frame assembly; 2140: Fixed pulley; 2141: Moving pulley frame; 220: Lifting support; 221: First auxiliary support; 222: Second auxiliary support;

[0047] 30: Power head assembly; 31: Power head; 32: Drive mechanism; 310: Hollow spindle; 311: Gearbox; 320: First drive mechanism; 321: Second drive mechanism; 322: Third drive mechanism; 323: Sliding frame; 3230: Rectangular sliding plate; 3231: Rectangular upper sliding plate; 3232: First sliding assembly; 3233: Second sliding assembly; 3210: First drilling and lifting cylinder; 3211: Second drilling and lifting cylinder;

[0048] 40: Clamping mechanism; 41: First clamp; 42: Second clamp; 410: Clamping piston; 411: Clamping cylinder; 412: Power head end cap; 413: Shaft cap; 420: Fixed seat; 421: Clamping body; 422: Clamping cylinder; 423: Guide sleeve; 424: Chuck body;

[0049] 50: Control panel. Detailed Implementation

[0050] This disclosure will now be discussed with reference to several embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are discussed only to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and thus implement this disclosure, and are not intended to imply any limitation on the scope of this disclosure.

[0051] As used herein, the term "comprising" and its variations are to be interpreted as open-ended terms meaning "including but not limited to"; the terms "embodiment" and "one embodiment" are to be interpreted as "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" is to be interpreted as "at least one other embodiment"; the terms "first," "second," etc., may refer to different or the same objects; the term "setup" is not limited to direct or indirect connections, nor to specific connection methods. Other explicit and implicit definitions may also be included below.

[0052] Specific numerical values ​​or ranges may be referred to in the following description. It should be understood that these values ​​and ranges are merely exemplary and may be helpful in putting the ideas of this disclosure into practice. However, the description of these examples is not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure in any way. These values ​​or ranges may be set differently depending on the specific application scenario and requirements.

[0053] As mentioned above, existing drilling and coring techniques require operators to rotate the power head around the shaft at a certain angle to create clearance for coring before normal coring can proceed. Furthermore, after coring, the power head must be returned to its original position, resulting in a cumbersome process and low labor efficiency. The portable geological survey drilling rig and drilling and coring method proposed in the embodiments of this disclosure at least partially solve the above problems. The following will refer to... Figures 1 to 4 This document describes the structure and working principle of a portable geological drilling rig for core drilling according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0054] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the portable geological survey drilling rig of this disclosure generally includes a drilling rig base 10, a lifting system 20, a power head assembly 30, a clamping mechanism 40, and an operating platform 50. Those skilled in the art will understand that the portable geological survey drilling rig also has conventional functional components, such as an engine, a mud pit, and a clear water pit, but these components are not strongly related to the concept of this disclosure and will not be described in detail here.

[0055] Specifically, the drilling rig base 10 is used to support the various functional components of the drilling rig. The drilling rig base 10 is mounted on a traveling mechanism (not shown in the figure), which facilitates the overall movement of the drilling rig. Exemplarily, the traveling mechanism can be a track, drive wheels, or other similar mechanism, and this disclosure does not impose any particular limitation.

[0056] The hoisting system 20 is arranged on the drill rig base 10 and is used for lifting and hoisting drill rods or core samples. Exemplarily, the hoisting system 20 of this disclosure may include a mast assembly 21, a luffing mechanism 22, and a hoisting winch 23.

[0057] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, the mast assembly 21 includes a vertically arranged mast body 210, a mast carriage 211, a mast crane support 212, a crane telescopic support 213, and a pulley frame assembly 214. The mast body 210 serves as a mounting support component for the drill pipe and power head, as well as a guiding component for their operation. Its bottom is pivotally connected to the drill rig base 10 via a pivot shaft, allowing the mast body 210 to be fixed at a preset angle relative to the drill rig base 10 to meet drilling requirements at different positions and angles. The mast carriage 211 is slidably mounted on the mast body 210, and under the action of a second drive mechanism 321, the mast carriage 211 can slide up and down along the mast body 210. Preferably, the second drive mechanism 321 is a drilling and lifting cylinder. The mast crane support 212 is detachably connected to the mast body 210 at one end and to the crane telescopic support 213 at the other end. The crane telescopic support 213 has a telescopic arm for adjusting the overall height of the mast assembly 21. The pulley frame assembly 214 is used to change the direction of the winch wire rope and is an important support component for lifting and lowering drill rods and hoisting objects. It includes a fixed pulley 2140 and a movable pulley frame 2141. The fixed pulley 2140 is fixed near the top of the mast body 210. A wire rope can pass through the fixed pulley 2140 and be connected to the drill rod for auxiliary traction.

[0058] The movable pulley frame 2141 is a foldable structure, located at the top of the overhead crane telescopic support 213, thereby maximizing the lifting stroke of the wire rope. Furthermore, the foldable pulley frame is hinged to the mast body during transport, reducing the overall height of the machine during transport. Exemplarily, the movable pulley frame 2141 includes a movable pulley frame body, a pair of movable pulleys, and a pair of tension pulleys. One end of the traction wire rope is connected to a drum, and the other end passes through the movable pulleys and tension pulleys, then through the shaft hole of the drive spindle 310 and connects to the drill rod or core sampling mechanism.

[0059] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, the luffing mechanism 22 may include a landing support 220, a first auxiliary support 221, and a second auxiliary support 222. The landing support 220 is a rigid support, including a first end and a second end. The first end of the landing support is hinged and fixed to the drilling rig base 10, and the other end is a free end, which can be selectively connected and fixed to the mast body 210 at different tilt angles. For example, when the mast body 210 is in a 90° vertical direction, the free end may not be connected to the mast body 210. Figure 1As shown, the mast body 210 is fixed to the mast body when it is at a certain angle; the first auxiliary support 221 and the second auxiliary support 222 are both telescopic multi-section supports, that is, the length of the first auxiliary support 221 and the second auxiliary support 222 is adjustable, and they have a certain rigidity and strength when they are in the locked position. One end of the auxiliary support 221 and 222 is hinged to the frame base 10, and the other end can be hinged to the mast body 210 and the mast crane support 212, respectively. This allows the luffing mechanism 22 to keep the mast assembly 21 in different preset positions and to flexibly adjust the working amplitude or the overall height of the mast assembly 21 in the transportation state, so as to ensure the stability of the overall structure of the drilling rig.

[0060] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, the hoisting winch 23 includes a winch support, a drum, a hydraulic reduction mechanism, and a traction wire rope. The winch support is fixed to the drilling rig base 10. There are two wire ropes, one for pressurization and the other for lifting. The pressurization wire rope is connected to the drill rod via a fixed pulley fixed to the mast body 210. The two wire ropes are wound opposite each other on the drum, which is placed on the winch support. The hydraulic reduction mechanism is used for driving control of lowering the drill rod and lifting the drill rod or rock core. For example, during pressurization, the hydraulic reduction mechanism controls the drum to release the pressurization wire rope, causing the winch to float, thus enabling the drive mechanism to pressurize the drill rod for smooth drilling. During lifting, the drum is controlled to tighten the lifting wire rope, and the drill rod is lifted upwards through a moving pulley system.

[0061] The power head assembly 30, used for rotary drilling of the drill pipe, includes a power head 31 and a drive mechanism 32, wherein the drive mechanism 32 is at least capable of translating the power head 31 along a direction perpendicular to the drill pipe axis. The power head 31, as the most important working component of the drilling rig, is movably mounted on the mast assembly 210 and includes at least a drive spindle 310, which is a hollow mandrel with an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the drill pipe. This hollow mandrel 310 is configured at least for torque transmission, axial feeding, and / or core extraction of the drill pipe.

[0062] Furthermore, the drive mechanism 32 of this disclosure includes a first drive mechanism 320, a second drive mechanism 321, a third drive mechanism 322, and a sliding frame 323. The power head 31 is arranged on the sliding frame 323, and the third drive mechanism 322 is configured to drive the power head 31 to undergo a restricted translation along a direction perpendicular to the drill pipe axis, so that the power head 31 can freely switch between a first position and a second position.

[0063] For example, when in the first position, the power head 31 of the geological survey drilling rig is in the first working position for drilling; when in the second position, the power head 31 leaves the first working position. For example, if a standard penetration test (SPT) head is provided on the sliding frame 323, the SPT head is in the first working position and can be used for standard penetration testing, thereby achieving the purpose of integrating geological survey coring, drilling rig and geological survey SPT into one machine, without disassembling the power head or replacing the drilling rig, which greatly improves work efficiency.

[0064] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, the sliding frame 323 includes a rectangular lower sliding plate 3230, a rectangular upper sliding plate 3231, a first sliding assembly 3232, and a second sliding assembly 3233. The rectangular upper sliding plate 3231 and the rectangular lower sliding plate 3230 are stacked opposite each other and connected by a first slide rail 3232. The first slide rail 3232 includes a first groove and a first track. Preferably, to ensure the stability of the sliding, two first grooves are provided, symmetrically arranged along the direction perpendicular to the drill rod axis on the upper and lower edges of the bottom surface of the rectangular upper sliding plate 3231. Two first tracks are also provided, located on the top surface of the rectangular lower sliding plate 3230 at positions corresponding to the first grooves. The power head 31 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the rectangular upper sliding plate 3231.

[0065] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, a third drive mechanism 322 is arranged within the accommodating space formed by the rectangular sliding plate 3230, the rectangular upper sliding plate 3231, and the first sliding assembly 3232, for driving the rectangular upper sliding plate 3231 to move relative to the lower sliding plate 3230; the second sliding assembly 3233 includes at least a sliding fixing plate, fixed above the rectangular lower sliding plate 3230, and the bottom surface of the sliding fixing plate is provided with a slot along a direction perpendicular to the drill pipe axis for engaging with the mast carriage 211. Exemplarily, the third drive mechanism 322 is a hydraulic cylinder.

[0066] The second drive mechanism 321 is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the mast body 210 along the axial direction of the drill pipe. It includes a first drilling and lifting cylinder 3210 and a second drilling and lifting cylinder 3211. The piston rods of the first and second drilling and lifting cylinders 3210 and 3211 are respectively fixed on both sides of the bottom surface of the rectangular lower slide plate 3230 and are used to push or lift the power head.

[0067] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, in addition to the hollow mandrel 310, the power head 31 of this disclosure also includes a reduction gearbox 311, a gear transmission mechanism, and a bearing assembly (not shown in the figure). After the high-speed rotation of the first drive mechanism 310 (for example, it can be a hydraulic piston motor, which can provide greater torque than the gear motors commonly used in the drilling industry) is reduced in speed by the reduction gearbox 311, the power is input to the gear transmission mechanism to form the final stage of reduction, and the greater torque is transmitted to the hollow mandrel 310. The hollow mandrel 310 is driven to rotate and drives the drill rod to rotate, realizing the rotational motion of the drilling machine for drilling operations.

[0068] The gearbox 311 includes at least a first drive shaft eccentrically disposed with respect to the hollow spindle 310, a coupling, a first bearing, a drive gear, and a gearbox housing. The first drive shaft is connected to a first drive mechanism via the coupling, and the drive gear is connected to the first drive shaft. The first bearing, the first drive shaft, and the drive gear are arranged on one side of the accommodating space formed by the gearbox housing, and the hollow spindle 310 passes through the gearbox housing and is disposed on the other side of the accommodating space.

[0069] The gear transmission mechanism includes a driven gear surrounding the outer wall of the hollow mandrel. The driven gear meshes with the drive gear at a predetermined reduction ratio, wherein the reduction ratio is preferably 1:2. This can double the torque of the power head, thereby improving drilling efficiency and accelerating the construction progress.

[0070] The bearing assembly includes a second bearing and a third bearing. The second bearing is fixed above the driven gear via a second bearing housing along the axial direction of the hollow spindle 310. The third bearing is disposed in a first mounting position formed between the bottom of the gearbox housing and the hollow spindle. Exemplarily, the second bearing can be two sets of tapered roller bearings, and the second bearing housing can be a tapered roller bearing housing; the third bearing can be a set of cylindrical roller bearings. The power head disclosed herein has advantages such as high load-bearing and overload capacity, compact structure, low noise, and long service life.

[0071] In addition, a bearing housing end cap, a wear-resistant bushing, and a core-taking end cap are provided near the end of the hollow mandrel 310 along the drilling direction away from the drill pipe. The second bearing housing is fixed to the outer wall of the hollow mandrel via the bearing housing end cap, and the wear-resistant bushing is positioned between the bearing housing end cap and the hollow mandrel. The core-taking end cap is detachably connected to the top of the hollow mandrel. This structure ensures stable coaxial rotation of the power head while extending its service life.

[0072] Furthermore, the hollow mandrel 310 extends downward from the bottom surface of the gearbox housing in the drilling direction of the drill rod, and the first clamp 41 is disposed at the extended end of the hollow mandrel 310, and a sealing bottom cover is also disposed between the gearbox housing and the first clamp 41.

[0073] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the clamping mechanism 40 is configured to center and clamp the drill pipe, and includes at least a first clamp 41 and a second clamp 42 axially spaced from the first clamp 41 along the same center positioning line.

[0074] The first clamp 41 is disposed at the bottom of the power head 31, and the second clamp 42 is fixed to one end of the bottom of the mast assembly 21. Exemplarily, the first clamp 41 is a self-clamping clamping mechanism, including a clamping cylinder liner (not shown in the figure), a clamping piston 410, a clamping cylinder barrel 411, a retaining ring, a retaining plate, a pressure plate, a retaining slip, a compression spring, a compression spring cover, a retaining slip seat, a power head end cover 412, and a shaft cover 413.

[0075] The clamping cylinder liner, clamping piston 410 and clamping cylinder barrel 411 are arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside along the radial direction of the hollow mandrel 310. The clamping piston 410 is sealed to the clamping cylinder liner and clamping cylinder barrel 411. The retaining ring, retaining plate and pressure plate are arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the hollow mandrel 310.

[0076] The retaining ring is an annular washer that is fitted onto the outer wall of the hollow mandrel 310. The retaining plate is located below the retaining ring and is secured in the positioning groove formed on the outer wall of the hollow mandrel 310. The pressure plate is located below the retaining plate and is slidably connected to the retaining plate.

[0077] The slip is composed of a slip body with a multi-lobed tile-shaped structure. The slip body is set on the second mounting position formed near the bottom of the hollow mandrel 310 and encloses the clamping space. Anti-slip parts are distributed on the inner wall of the slip body, and a wedge-shaped structure is formed on the outer wall. The side of the slip seat that contacts the slip has a wedge-shaped part corresponding to the wedge-shaped structure of the slip body.

[0078] The compression spring is located in the variable accommodating space formed between the compression spring cover and the power head end cover; in the working state, the collet is set to retract toward the axis of the hollow mandrel to provide a preset clamping force.

[0079] When it is necessary to clamp the drill pipe, simply operate the drill pipe clamping directional valve handle on the operating table 50 and pull it outward. At this time, hydraulic oil will automatically be injected into the power head piston, causing the power head piston to move downward, thereby driving the slip seat downward and pushing the power head pressure spring downward. Because the outer wall of the slip seat has a wedge-shaped part, for example, forming a cone angle of about 11.3°, the slip will gradually retract inward as it moves downward, thus clamping the drill pipe. Conversely, when releasing the drill pipe, push the drill pipe clamping directional valve handle on the operating table 50 inward, which shuts off the hydraulic oil. Under the reset action of the power head pressure spring, the drill pipe is released. Its advantage is that as long as drilling is in progress, the power head slip is always clamped, and in any other state, it is also clamped under the reset action of the power head pressure spring. This will prevent the drill from running away due to operational errors.

[0080] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, the second clamp 42 includes a fixed base 420, a clamp body 421, a clamping cylinder 422, a guide sleeve 423, and a chuck body 424. The second clamp 42 can be used for center positioning of the drill pipe, auxiliary clamping, and early warning clamping.

[0081] The clamping body 421 is fixedly mounted on the fixed base 420, which is detachably fixed to the lower end of the mast body 210. The guide sleeve 423 is arranged oppositely inside the clamping body 421. The clamping cylinder 422 includes a first clamping cylinder and a second clamping cylinder. The guide sleeve 423 includes a first guide sleeve and a second guide sleeve. The chuck body 424 includes a first chuck body and a second chuck body. The first chuck body is fixedly connected to the first clamping cylinder through the first guide sleeve, and the second chuck body is fixedly connected to the second clamping cylinder through the second guide sleeve. On the one hand, the second clamp 42 of this disclosure can keep its central axis aligned with that of the first clamp 41, so that the drill rod passing through the hollow mandrel 310 can be centered on the second clamp 42, ensuring accurate anchoring and preventing the drill rod from deviating. On the other hand, when it is necessary to replace or lengthen the drill rod, the first clamp 41 often needs to release the drill rod. Therefore, to prevent the drill rod from falling off the first clamp 41, the second clamp 42 can be controlled to assist in clamping the drill rod, so as to facilitate the replacement or lengthening of the drill rod. In addition, the second clamp 42 can also be connected to the warning system of the operating panel 50. For example, when the first clamp 41 malfunctions and causes the drill rod to fall off the power head 31, the sensor triggers a warning signal. The second clamp 42 can respond to the warning signal and control the chuck body 424 to automatically close to achieve warning clamping of the fallen drill rod, thus avoiding the danger caused by accidents.

[0082] The control panel 50 includes an electrical control system, a hydraulic control system, and a mechanical control system. Exemplarily, the control panel may include an instrument panel, a display screen, a pressure and speed regulating valve knob, and various operating handles. The electrical control system of this disclosure is primarily responsible for controlling various parameters during the drilling rig's operation and is equipped with various detection devices and sensors. It can monitor and protect working status parameters, such as monitoring the drive spindle power, translation positioning calibration, and safety protection. Additionally, it can automatically detect and fine-tune the drill rod's verticality and preset and monitor the drilling depth. The hydraulic control system is responsible for driving and controlling the lifting, drilling, and rotation movements of the power head, and includes an oil tank, pump set, hydraulic valves, pipelines, connecting rods, and cylinders. The mechanical control system is responsible for controlling the drilling rig's body, including operating handles, linkage mechanisms, and buttons. The drilling rig of this disclosure employs pilot control and load sensing for overall operation, maximizing operational convenience, sensitivity, and safety and comfort, fully realizing the integration of human, machine, hydraulic, and electrical systems.

[0083] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, the operating handle is electrically, hydraulically, or mechanically connected to the hoisting system 20, the power head assembly 30, and the clamping mechanism 40 to achieve precise control of the drilling rig. The operating handle adjusts the drilling rig's operating state to meet drilling requirements. The operating handle of this disclosure may include a drill rod clamping directional valve operating handle, a power head translation directional valve operating handle, a power head directional valve operating handle, a drilling and lifting cylinder directional valve operating handle, and a hoisting winch directional valve operating handle.

[0084] According to another embodiment provided in this disclosure, a drilling and coring method is provided, which uses the portable geological exploration drilling rig described in the foregoing embodiments, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0085] Before drilling, the drill rod is accurately positioned through the drilling rig's free-traveling mechanism, mast assembly, and luffing mechanism.

[0086] During drilling, the mast assembly guides the lowering of the drill rod, while the hoisting winch releases the wire rope so that the drill rod passes through the shaft hole of the hollow mandrel and is clamped and fixed. At the same time, the power head assembly provides torque to drive the drill rod to rotate and pressurize downward to drill into the target layer at the predetermined depth.

[0087] During core retrieval, the retrieval device is connected to one end of the wire rope, and the hoisting winch is controlled to release the wire rope so that the retrieval device passes through the shaft hole of the hollow mandrel and descends to the core cylinder in the target layer. The hoisting winch is then controlled to tighten the wire rope, and the retrieval device removes the core cylinder after it passes through the shaft hole of the hollow mandrel, thus completing the core retrieval.

[0088] According to the disclosed engineering exploration drilling rig, the integrated gear reduction gearbox structure increases the torque of the power head while making the power head assembly structure more compact. The hydraulic automatic drive enables the power head to move horizontally, eliminating the need to disassemble the power head or change the drilling rig when performing surface core drilling and then standard penetration testing (SPT) on a single rig. This significantly improves drilling efficiency and construction progress, and greatly reduces the labor intensity of operators. The self-clamping mechanism completely eliminates drill slippage due to operational errors. The hollow structure design of the power head drive shaft further facilitates core sampling, reduces the labor intensity of operators, and improves work efficiency.

[0089] The descriptions of the embodiments herein, including any references to directions and orientations, are for ease of description only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. The description of preferred embodiments involves combinations of features, which may exist independently or in combination; the invention is not particularly limited to the preferred embodiments. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims.

[0090] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A portable geological exploration drilling rig for core drilling, characterized in that, include: Drilling rig base; The hoisting system, arranged on the drilling rig base, is used for lifting and hoisting the drill rod or raising the rock core, and includes a mast assembly, a luffing mechanism and a hoisting winch; A power head assembly for rotary drilling of a drill pipe includes a power head and a drive mechanism, wherein the drive mechanism is at least capable of translating the power head along a direction perpendicular to the axis of the drill pipe; The clamping mechanism is configured to center and clamp the drill pipe, and includes at least a first clamp and a second clamp arranged axially spaced from the first clamp along the same center positioning line; wherein the first clamp is disposed near the bottom of the power head, and the second clamp is fixed to one end of the bottom of the mast assembly; The control panel includes an electrical control system, a hydraulic control system, and a mechanical control system; The power head is movably mounted on the mast assembly and includes at least a drive spindle. The drive spindle is a hollow mandrel with an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the drill pipe. The hollow mandrel is configured at least for torque transmission, axial feeding, and / or core extraction of the drill pipe. The drive mechanism includes a first drive mechanism, a second drive mechanism, a third drive mechanism, and a sliding frame, wherein the power head is arranged on the sliding frame, and the third drive mechanism is configured to drive the power head to perform a restricted translation along a direction perpendicular to the drill pipe axis, so that the power head can freely switch between a first position and a second position.

2. The portable drilling rig for geological exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that, in, The mast assembly includes a mast body, a mast carriage, a mast crane support, a crane telescopic support, and a pulley assembly. The mast body is pivotally connected to the drilling rig base. The mast carriage is mounted on the mast body and slides up and down along the mast body under the action of a second drive mechanism, which is a drilling and lifting cylinder. One end of the mast crane support is connected to the mast body, and the other end is connected to the crane telescopic support. The crane telescopic support is used to adjust the overall height of the mast assembly. The pulley assembly includes a fixed pulley and a movable pulley assembly. The fixed pulley is fixed near the top of the mast body, and the movable pulley assembly is foldable and located at the top of the crane telescopic support. The luffing mechanism includes a landing support, a first auxiliary support, and a second auxiliary support. The landing support includes a first end and a second end. The first end is hinged to the drilling rig base, and the other end is a free end that can be selectively connected to the mast body at different tilt angles. Both the first auxiliary support and the second auxiliary support are telescopic multi-section supports. One end of the first and second auxiliary supports is hinged to the drilling rig base, and the other end is hinged to the mast body and the mast crane support, respectively. The hoisting winch includes a winch support, a drum, a hydraulic reduction mechanism, and wire ropes. The winch support is fixed to the drilling rig base. There are two wire ropes, one for pressurization and one for lifting. The two wire ropes are wound around the drum opposite each other. The drum is placed on the winch support. The hydraulic reduction mechanism is used for driving and controlling the lowering of the drill rod and the lifting of the drill rod or rock core.

3. The portable drilling rig for geological exploration according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sliding frame includes a rectangular lower sliding plate, a rectangular upper sliding plate, a first sliding assembly, and a second sliding assembly. The rectangular upper sliding plate and the rectangular lower sliding plate are stacked opposite each other and connected by a first slide rail. The first slide rail includes a first groove and a first track. There are two first grooves, which are symmetrically arranged along the upper and lower edges of the bottom surface of the rectangular upper sliding plate in a direction perpendicular to the drill rod axis. There are two first tracks, which are located on the top surface of the rectangular lower sliding plate and at positions corresponding to the first grooves. The power head is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the rectangular upper sliding plate.

4. The portable drilling rig for geological exploration according to claim 3, characterized in that, The third driving mechanism is arranged in the accommodating space formed by the rectangular sliding plate, the rectangular upper sliding plate and the first sliding component, and is used to drive the rectangular upper sliding plate to move relative to the lower sliding plate. The second sliding assembly includes at least a sliding fixing plate, which is fixed above the rectangular sliding plate, and the bottom surface of the sliding fixing plate is provided with a slot along the direction perpendicular to the drill rod axis for engaging with the mast slide. The second drive mechanism is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the mast body along the axial direction of the drill rod, and includes a first drilling and lifting cylinder and a second drilling and lifting cylinder. The piston rods of the first and second drilling and lifting cylinders are respectively fixed on both sides of the bottom surface of the rectangular sliding plate, and are used to advance or lift the power head.

5. The portable drilling rig for geological exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power head also includes a reduction gearbox, a gear transmission mechanism, and a bearing assembly; wherein... The gearbox includes a first drive shaft eccentrically disposed with respect to the hollow mandrel, a coupling, a first bearing, a drive gear, and a gearbox housing. The first drive shaft is connected to the first drive mechanism via the coupling, and the drive gear is connected to the first drive shaft. The first bearing, the first drive shaft, and the drive gear are arranged on one side of the accommodating space formed by the gearbox housing, and the hollow mandrel passes through the gearbox housing and is disposed on the other side of the accommodating space. The gear transmission mechanism includes a driven gear surrounding the outer wall of the hollow spindle, the driven gear meshing with the driving gear at a predetermined reduction ratio, wherein the reduction ratio is 1:2; The bearing assembly includes a second bearing and a third bearing, wherein the second bearing is fixed above the driven gear via a second bearing seat along the axial direction of the hollow spindle, and the third bearing is disposed at a first mounting position formed between the bottom of the gearbox housing and the hollow spindle.

6. The portable drilling rig for geological exploration according to claim 5, characterized in that, The hollow mandrel is provided with a bearing seat end cap, a wear-resistant bushing, and a core-taking end cap near one end along the drilling direction away from the drill pipe; wherein, the second bearing seat is fixed to the outer wall of the hollow mandrel by the bearing seat end cap, and the wear-resistant bushing is disposed between the bearing seat end cap and the hollow mandrel; the core-taking end cap is disposed on the top of the hollow mandrel and is detachably connected to it; and, The hollow mandrel extends downward from the bottom surface of the gearbox housing in the drilling direction of the drill rod, and the first clamp is disposed at the extended end of the hollow mandrel. A sealing bottom cover is also disposed between the gearbox housing and the first clamp.

7. The portable drilling rig for geological exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first clamp is a self-clamping clamping mechanism, including a clamping cylinder liner, a clamping piston, a clamping cylinder barrel, a retaining ring, a retaining plate, a pressure plate, a retaining shoe, a compression spring, a compression spring cover, a retaining shoe seat, a power head end cover, and a shaft cover; wherein, The clamping cylinder sleeve, clamping piston, and clamping cylinder barrel are arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside along the radial direction of the hollow mandrel. The clamping piston is sealed to the clamping cylinder sleeve and the clamping cylinder barrel. The retaining ring, the retaining plate, and the pressure plate are stacked sequentially along the axial direction of the hollow mandrel. The retaining ring is an annular washer fitted onto the outer wall of the hollow mandrel. The retaining plate is located below the retaining ring and is secured in a positioning groove formed on the outer wall of the hollow mandrel. The pressure plate is located below the retaining plate and is slidably connected to the retaining jaws. The slip is composed of a slip body with a multi-lobed tile-shaped structure. The slip body is set on a second mounting position formed near the bottom of the hollow mandrel and encloses a clamping space. Anti-slip parts are distributed on the inner wall of the slip body, and a wedge-shaped structure is formed on its outer wall. The side of the slip seat that contacts the slip has a wedge-shaped part corresponding to the wedge-shaped structure of the slip body. The compression spring is disposed within the variable accommodating space formed between the compression spring cover and the power head end cover; in the working state, the collet is configured to retract toward the axial direction of the hollow mandrel to provide a preset clamping force.

8. The portable drilling rig for geological exploration according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second clamp includes a fixed base, a clamp body, a clamping cylinder, a guide sleeve, and a chuck body; wherein, The gripper body is fixedly mounted on the fixed base, which is detachably fixed to the lower end of the mast body. The guide sleeve is arranged opposite to the gripper body. The clamping cylinder includes a first clamping cylinder and a second clamping cylinder. The guide sleeve includes a first guide sleeve and a second guide sleeve. The chuck body includes a first chuck body and a second chuck body. The first chuck body is fixedly connected to the first clamping cylinder through the first guide sleeve, and the second chuck body is fixedly connected to the second clamping cylinder through the second guide sleeve.

9. The portable drilling rig for geological exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control panel includes an instrument panel, a display screen, a pressure regulating and speed regulating valve knob, and an operating handle. The operating handle is electrically, hydraulically, or mechanically connected to the hoisting system, the power head assembly, and the clamping mechanism. The operating handle includes at least a drill rod clamping directional valve operating handle, a power head translation directional valve operating handle, a power head directional valve operating handle, a drilling and lifting cylinder directional valve operating handle, and a hoisting winch directional valve operating handle.

10. A method for coring during drilling, characterized in that, Using the portable drilling rig as described in any one of claims 1-9, wherein... During drilling, the mast assembly guides the lowering of the drill rod, while the hoisting winch releases the wire rope so that the drill rod passes through the shaft hole of the hollow mandrel and is clamped and fixed. At the same time, the power head assembly provides torque to drive the drill rod to rotate and pressurize downward to drill into the target layer at the predetermined depth. During core retrieval, the retrieval device is connected to one end of the wire rope, and the lifting winch is controlled to release the wire rope so that the retrieval device passes through the shaft hole of the hollow mandrel and descends to the core cylinder in the target layer. The lifting winch is then controlled to tighten the wire rope, and the retrieval device removes the core cylinder after passing through the shaft hole of the hollow mandrel, thus completing the core retrieval.

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