A method for quickly installing assembled invert in loess tunnel

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and specifically relates to a method for quickly installing an assembled invert in a loess tunnel, comprising an invert installation system, the invert installation system comprising a tunnel body, prefabricated parts integration, a construction yard, a transfer yard, a tunnel invert construction system and an intelligent terminal, wherein the construction yard is arranged near the tunnel body; the tunnel invert construction system is arranged in the intelligent terminal, and the tunnel invert construction system is internally provided with a current progress tracking unit, a surrounding rock pressure monitoring unit of the just completed part, an environmental information updating unit, a prefabricated parts scheduling unit, an invert positioning and trending unit and a surrounding rock pressure information integration unit. The present invention can provide a supply plan that does not affect the use progress of tunnel prefabricated parts, and the supply plan can be flexibly adjusted according to multiple factors, which can not only ensure the timely replenishment of prefabricated parts, but also avoid the situation of chaotic yard management caused by construction delays.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular relates to a method for quickly installing an assembled invert arch in a loess tunnel. Background Art

[0002] The installation of prefabricated inverted arch in a tunnel is to first design suitable prefabricated inverted arch components according to the tunnel design requirements and geological conditions. The prepared inverted arch components need to be safely transported to the construction site and properly stored at the construction site. Before installing the inverted arch in the tunnel, the site needs to be prepared, including cleaning up the debris at the bottom of the tunnel, leveling the ground, setting up temporary supports, etc. Then, according to the design drawings, the prefabricated inverted arch components are placed at the bottom of the tunnel in the correct position and order. The prefabricated inverted arch components need to be connected and fixed to each other and to the tunnel wall.

[0003] Problems with existing technologies:

[0004] Concrete prefabricated products need to be prefabricated in the factory and then transported to the construction site. The storage of prefabricated products on site requires a certain amount of space. However, since most tunnel construction sites are located in mountainous areas, the space of the storage yard is limited due to geographical space constraints. The number of prefabricated parts that can be stored is limited. The limited storage capacity is prone to two problems. First, the supply progress is slower than the usage speed, resulting in delays in the construction progress due to untimely supply. Second, the usage speed is slower than the supply progress. When the tunnel construction encounters various emergencies that cause delays in progress, if the prefabricated parts supply plan is not adjusted in time, the on-site yard will not be able to stack the newly transported prefabricated parts. What's worse, it will cause traffic jams on site, increasing the difficulty of on-site management. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for quickly installing an assembled invert arch of a loess tunnel, which can provide a supply plan that does not affect the use progress of tunnel prefabricated parts. The supply plan can be flexibly adjusted according to multiple factors, which can not only ensure the timely replenishment of prefabricated parts, but also avoid the chaos of yard management caused by construction delays.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A method for quickly installing an assembled inverted arch in a loess tunnel includes an inverted arch installation system, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0008] Step S1: Construction preparation:

[0009] Organize personnel and machinery to enter the site according to design requirements and construction plans, and conduct safety and technical briefings for construction personnel;

[0010] Step S2: excavation of invert:

[0011] 1) Before excavation, survey and lay out the lines according to the design parameters and construction coordinates, determine the excavation line of the invert, and ensure the excavation depth and contour of the invert;

[0012] 2) Invert excavation is carried out by manual excavation combined with mechanical excavation, or loosening blasting combined with mechanical excavation according to the surrounding rock conditions of the tunnel. The one-time excavation length is no more than 3 meters for soil and soft rock and no more than 5 meters for hard rock;

[0013] Step S3: cleaning the substrate:

[0014] After the excavation of the invert is completed, the base slag, water and other debris should be removed in time, and the initial support, masonry and backfill of the invert should be carried out in time;

[0015] Step S4, initial support of the invert;

[0016] Step S5: Invert and backfill construction:

[0017] 1) Install and reinforce the invert arch end formwork, and measure and check the elevation of the invert arch bottom surface;

[0018] 2) Installation and binding of inverted arch reinforcement. The reinforcement processing adopts a reinforcement bending machine to pre-bend the inverted arch reinforcement. The reinforcement installation adopts a precise positioning process combining positioning reinforcement and reinforcement positioning fixtures. The positioning fixtures are made of equilateral angle steel openings to effectively control the reinforcement spacing, make the layer spacing uniform, and improve the qualified rate of the protective layer thickness. The processing and installation of the inverted arch reinforcement should comply with the design and specification requirements. The reserved length of the reinforcement on the side walls on both sides of the inverted arch should be staggered by no less than 1. , and the number of steel bar joints in the same section shall not exceed 50%, the thickness of the steel bar protective layer shall be controlled by high-strength mortar pads, and the number of pads shall not be less than 5 / ;

[0019] 3) Installation and reinforcement of the invert formwork. The invert construction uses a hydraulic movable trestle and a matching belly formwork to ensure that the tunnel bottom concrete and side wall concrete are cast in one go, ensuring the designed arc and curvature of the invert;

[0020] 4) Inverted arch lining concrete construction: Inverted arch lining concrete and filling concrete are poured in layers, and pumping or chute feeding is adopted to ensure window feeding, and manual vibration through the window and overall vibration with an attached vibrator are used to ensure the density and strength of the concrete;

[0021] 5) Construction of longitudinal water-swelling waterstop strips on the side walls. After the top surface of the water-swelling waterstop strips on the side walls is finished, a square steel pre-compression groove tooling is used to form a straight and standardized reserved groove. After the formwork is removed and the concrete surface is dry, the waterstop strips are embedded and fixed;

[0022] 6) Update the daily supply plan of prefabricated parts. Update the daily supply plan of prefabricated parts based on the current progress information, the monitoring results of the surrounding rock pressure of the tunnel section just completed, the environmental information, and the prefabricated parts scheduling information to ensure that the prefabricated parts are in place and avoid excessive accumulation in the construction yard;

[0023] 7) Assembly and construction of prefabricated inverted arch parts. Before construction, remove the water and debris on the surface of the inverted arch. After removing the inverted arch formwork, install the prefabricated inverted arch parts at various locations. Fix the prefabricated parts with each other and with the lining concrete. Fill the gaps reserved for the joints with concrete and vibrate again to ensure the density of the filled concrete.

[0024] 8) Laser pointer inspection: During tunneling, the laser pointer can be placed in the central ditch formed by the rear invert block to check the installation accuracy of the prefabricated parts through the laser beam, laying the foundation for the construction of the support structure in the tunnel;

[0025] The invert arch installation system includes a tunnel body, a prefabricated component assembly, a construction yard, a transfer yard, a tunnel invert arch construction system and an intelligent terminal, wherein the tunnel invert arch construction system is arranged in the intelligent terminal;

[0026] The tunnel invert construction system is internally provided with a current progress tracking unit, a surrounding rock pressure monitoring unit of the just completed part, an environmental information updating unit, a prefabricated component scheduling unit, an invert positioning and trending unit, and a surrounding rock pressure information integration unit;

[0027] The current progress tracking unit is internally provided with a work progress generating unit and a work progress recording unit;

[0028] The work progress generating unit generates an operation interface for recording construction matters when the next stage of construction is carried out by creating new instructions, and the work progress recording unit records construction progress matters by manually inputting text, pictures and manually judging;

[0029] The prefabricated component scheduling unit is internally provided with a logistics information updating unit, a construction yard storage information unit, a transfer yard storage information unit and a supply plan generating unit;

[0030] The logistics information updating unit intuitively obtains the prefabricated parts logistics transportation routes and site distribution information through information classification and coding technology and geographic information system technology. The construction yard storage information unit obtains the storage information of prefabricated parts in the construction yard through QR code technology. The transit yard storage information unit obtains the storage information of prefabricated parts in the transit yard through QR code technology. The supply plan generating unit timely adjusts the supply plan based on the construction progress, environmental information and prefabricated parts logistics information through weighted kernel density estimation method and earned duration management method.

[0031] The specific process of step S4 is as follows:

[0032] 1) Before supporting, check the clearance size of the excavation surface to ensure that it meets the design and specification requirements, and the contour is smooth, without under-excavation or over-excavation, and meets the specification requirements;

[0033] 2) After the initial spraying of 4cm of concrete on the excavated surface of the inverted arch, the inverted arch steel frame is installed. The inverted arch steel frame and the side wall steel frame are connected by connecting plates. The steel frame connecting plates are firmly connected with bolts and welded. After the steel frame is installed, the spraying concrete re-spraying construction is carried out;

[0034] 3) The initial support concrete strength, thickness, steel frame processing and installation quality, etc. should meet the design and specification requirements. The spacing between the inverted arch steel frames must meet the design requirements and be firmly connected to the connecting plates of the side wall arch frames.

[0035] The front end of the tunnel body located in the construction direction of the invert is set as an excavation section, and the tunnel body is provided with an initial support section at the bottom inner wall closest to one end of the excavation section, the initial support section is made of 4 cm concrete initially sprayed on the excavation surface, the invert steel frame, the side wall steel frame and concrete spraying construction, and the surface of the initial support section is provided with a lining support section, which is made by the invert steel bar and concrete and the invert end formwork and the matching belly formwork;

[0036] The tunnel body is provided with a gantry inside the invert construction area, one end of the gantry is provided with a crane mechanism for hoisting and transporting prefabricated components, and the other end of the crane mechanism is provided with a mobile trestle;

[0037] A laser pointer is provided in the central ditch formed by the inverted arch block located inside the tunnel body and behind the inverted arch construction area. Reflection blocks are installed on both end surfaces of each prefabricated part in the prefabricated part assembly. The reflection blocks cooperate with the laser pointer to check the installation accuracy of the prefabricated parts.

[0038] The construction yard is arranged near the tunnel body, and the distance from the transfer yard to the tunnel body is greater than the distance from the construction yard to the tunnel body.

[0039] The current progress tracking unit is used to track and record the construction progress, the environmental information updating unit is used to update the environmental information of the construction area, the prefabricated parts scheduling unit is used to generate a scheduling plan for prefabricated parts, the invert positioning direction unit is used to generate the actual construction direction of the invert, and the surrounding rock pressure information integration unit is used to record the surrounding rock pressure information at all positions of the tunnel body construction completion section.

[0040] The surrounding rock pressure monitoring unit of the just completed part is provided with a surrounding rock pressure information real-time updating unit inside;

[0041] The surrounding rock pressure information real-time updating unit acquires the latest surrounding rock pressure information in real time based on the pressure sensor closest to the excavation section by means of wireless data transmission.

[0042] The environment information updating unit is internally provided with a local weather information updating unit, a humidity information updating unit and a temperature information updating unit;

[0043] The local weather information updating unit, humidity information updating unit and temperature information updating unit obtain the latest weather, humidity and temperature information of the project construction area in real time by obtaining information from big data based on the environmental information and positioning information published by the meteorological station.

[0044] The weighted kernel density estimation method is a statistical method used to estimate the density distribution of data points, which can be used to evaluate the progress status of prefabricated component installation work and other manual work in the construction progress information;

[0045] The earned duration management method is based on the principle of earned value analysis and is used to evaluate the progress and cost performance of a project. By comparing the actual workload completed with the planned workload, it can help predict the duration of the project and adjust the construction plan accordingly.

[0046] The earned duration management method identifies potential delay risks and bottleneck problems through statistical analysis, data mining, predictive analysis, random forest algorithm, time series analysis and Gantt chart analysis, so as to update and adjust the supply plan.

[0047] The inverted arch positioning and trending unit is provided with a prefabricated part position information unit and a three-dimensional trending generation unit inside;

[0048] The prefabricated part position information unit acquires the position information of each prefabricated part in real time by wireless data transmission based on the detection information of the installation position of each prefabricated part in the prefabricated part assembly by a laser pointer. The three-dimensional direction generation unit generates a three-dimensional model of the tunnel and acquires the deformation information of the tunnel by three-dimensional laser scanning technology.

[0049] The surrounding rock pressure information integration unit is internally provided with a completion section new construction unit, a surrounding rock pressure information recording unit and a pressure critical warning unit;

[0050] The completion section creation unit generates an operation interface for recording surrounding rock pressure information at various locations in the tunnel through new creation instructions. The surrounding rock pressure information recording unit obtains the latest surrounding rock pressure information in real time based on pressure sensors at various monitoring locations in the tunnel through wireless data transmission. The critical pressure warning unit generates alarm information through a wireless monitoring and warning system when pressure information at a certain location exceeds a set threshold.

[0051] The technical effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0052] The present invention generates an operation interface for recording construction matters through a current progress tracking unit, and the division of construction stages matches the distance of a single excavation of the invert, and the construction process of each section of the invert is specifically recorded in a book, providing data support for the generation of a subsequent prefabricated component supply plan.

[0053] In the present invention, the prefabricated parts scheduling unit timely adjusts the supply plan for the transfer of prefabricated parts from the transit yard to the construction yard by tracking the construction progress and the use of prefabricated parts. In addition, when the surrounding rock pressure monitoring unit of the just-completed part determines that the surrounding rock pressure of the just-completed part of the tunnel is abnormal, the above-mentioned supply plan will also be timely adjusted according to the delay of the actual construction progress. In addition, when the environmental information updating unit determines that the current environment will cause delays in tunnel construction, the above-mentioned supply plan will also be timely adjusted according to the delay of the actual construction progress. Through the above process, it can be ensured that the prefabricated parts in the construction yard can be replenished in time. Under the defect that the construction yard cannot store too many prefabricated parts due to geographical space limitations, a supply plan that does not affect the use progress of tunnel prefabricated parts is provided. The supply plan can be flexibly adjusted according to multiple factors, and the chaotic supply of prefabricated parts in the construction yard caused by the delay of tunnel construction can also be avoided.

[0054] The present invention utilizes a laser pointer in conjunction with a reflective block on the surface of each prefabricated part in the prefabricated part assembly to check the installation accuracy of each prefabricated part, and simultaneously records the installation position information of each prefabricated part, and integrates the integrated position information of all prefabricated parts in the tunnel body. Through three-dimensional laser scanning technology, a three-dimensional model of the tunnel is generated. With the help of this model, the tunnel direction and tunnel deformation information can be intuitively and quickly obtained, which is convenient for subsequent timely repair and reinforcement of the tunnel.

[0055] The present invention generates an operation interface for recording the surrounding rock pressure at various positions of the tunnel by completing a new section construction unit, and each recording page matches a specified detection position in the tunnel body. The surrounding rock pressure information at each monitoring position is then obtained through a surrounding rock pressure information recording unit. When the pressure information at a certain position exceeds a set threshold, a critical pressure warning unit generates an alarm message, thereby achieving a timely warning effect and facilitating the subsequent timely repair and reinforcement of the tunnel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] Figure 1 is a simplified diagram of tunnel construction provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a tunnel body in the construction stage provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 3It is an operation and maintenance schematic diagram of a tunnel invert construction system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 4 It is a flow chart of the invert construction provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 5 is a system composition diagram of a tunnel invert construction system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 6 It is a system composition diagram of the surrounding rock pressure information integration unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are listed as follows:

[0063] 1. Tunnel body; 101. Excavation section; 102. Initial support section; 103. Lining support section; 104. Reserved slot; 2. Prefabricated parts integration; 3. Gantry; 301. Crane mechanism; 302. Mobile trestle; 4. Laser pointing instrument; 5. Construction yard; 6. Transfer yard; 7. Tunnel invert construction system; 701. Current progress tracking unit; 702. Work progress generation unit; 703. Work progress recording unit; 704. Surrounding rock pressure monitoring unit for the just completed part; 705. Surrounding rock pressure information real-time update unit; 706. Environmental information update unit; 707. Local weather Information update unit; 708, humidity information update unit; 709, temperature information update unit; 710, prefabricated parts scheduling unit; 711, logistics information update unit; 712, construction yard storage information unit; 713, transit yard storage information unit; 714, supply plan generation unit; 715, invert arch positioning direction unit; 716, prefabricated parts position information unit; 717, three-dimensional direction generation unit; 718, surrounding rock pressure information integration unit; 719, completion section new construction unit; 720, surrounding rock pressure information recording unit; 721, critical pressure warning unit; 8, intelligent terminal. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] In order to make the purpose and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is specifically described below in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the following text is only used to describe one or several specific embodiments of the present invention, and does not strictly limit the scope of protection of the specific claims of the present invention.

[0065] like Figure 4 As shown, a method for quickly installing an assembled invert in a loess tunnel includes an invert installation system, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0066] Step S1: Construction preparation:

[0067] Organize personnel and machinery to enter the site according to design requirements and construction plans, and conduct safety and technical briefings for construction personnel;

[0068] Step S2: excavation of invert:

[0069] 1) Before excavation, survey and lay out the lines according to the design parameters and construction coordinates, determine the excavation line of the invert, and ensure the excavation depth and contour of the invert;

[0070] 2) Invert excavation is carried out by manual excavation combined with mechanical excavation, or loosening blasting combined with mechanical excavation according to the surrounding rock conditions of the tunnel. The one-time excavation length is no more than 3 meters for soil and soft rock and no more than 5 meters for hard rock;

[0071] Step S3: cleaning the substrate:

[0072] After the excavation of the invert is completed, the base slag, water and other debris should be removed in time, and the initial support, masonry and backfill of the invert should be carried out in time;

[0073] Step S4: Initial support of invert:

[0074] 1) Before supporting, check the clearance size of the excavation surface to ensure that it meets the design and specification requirements, and the contour is smooth, without under-excavation or over-excavation, and meets the specification requirements;

[0075] 2) After the initial spraying of 4cm of concrete on the excavated surface of the inverted arch, the inverted arch steel frame is installed. The inverted arch steel frame and the side wall steel frame are connected by connecting plates. The steel frame connecting plates are firmly connected with bolts and welded. After the steel frame is installed, the spraying concrete re-spraying construction is carried out;

[0076] 3) The initial support concrete strength, thickness, steel frame processing and installation quality, etc. should meet the design and specification requirements. The spacing of the inverted arch steel frame must meet the design requirements and be firmly connected to the connecting plate of the side wall arch frame;

[0077] Step S5: Invert and backfill construction:

[0078] 1) Install and reinforce the invert arch end formwork, and measure and check the elevation of the invert arch bottom surface;

[0079] 2) Installation and binding of inverted arch reinforcement. The reinforcement processing adopts a reinforcement bending machine to pre-bend the inverted arch reinforcement. The reinforcement installation adopts a precise positioning process combining positioning reinforcement and reinforcement positioning fixtures. The positioning fixtures are made of equilateral angle steel openings to effectively control the reinforcement spacing, make the layer spacing uniform, and improve the qualified rate of the protective layer thickness. The processing and installation of the inverted arch reinforcement should comply with the design and specification requirements. The reserved length of the reinforcement on the side walls on both sides of the inverted arch should be staggered by no less than 1. , and the number of steel bar joints in the same section shall not exceed 50%, the thickness of the steel bar protective layer shall be controlled by high-strength mortar pads, and the number of pads shall not be less than 5 / ;

[0080] 3) Installation and reinforcement of the invert formwork. The hydraulic movable trestle 302 and matching belly formwork are used in the invert construction to ensure that the tunnel bottom concrete and side wall concrete are cast in one time, ensuring the designed arc and curvature of the invert;

[0081] 4) Inverted arch lining concrete construction: Inverted arch lining concrete and filling concrete are poured in layers, and pumping or chute feeding is adopted to ensure window feeding, and manual vibration through the window and overall vibration with an attached vibrator are used to ensure the density and strength of the concrete;

[0082] 5) Construction of longitudinal water-swelling waterstop strips on the side walls. After the top surface of the water-swelling waterstop strips on the side walls is finished, a square steel pre-compression groove tooling is used to form a straight and standardized reserved groove. After the formwork is removed and the concrete surface is dry, the waterstop strips are embedded and fixed;

[0083] 6) Update the daily supply plan of prefabricated parts. Update the daily supply plan of prefabricated parts based on the current progress information, the monitoring results of the surrounding rock pressure of the tunnel section just completed, the environmental information, and the prefabricated parts scheduling information to ensure that the prefabricated parts are in place and avoid excessive accumulation in the construction yard;

[0084] 7) Assembly and construction of prefabricated inverted arch parts. Before construction, remove the water and debris on the surface of the inverted arch. After removing the inverted arch formwork, install the prefabricated inverted arch parts at various locations. Fix the prefabricated parts with each other and with the lining concrete. Fill the gaps reserved for the joints with concrete and vibrate again to ensure the density of the filled concrete.

[0085] 8) Laser pointer 4 inspection: During excavation, the laser pointer can be placed in the central ditch formed by the rear arch block. The installation accuracy of the prefabricated parts can be checked by laser beam, laying the foundation for the construction of the support structure in the tunnel.

[0086] See attached Figure 1-Figure 2 The invert installation system includes a tunnel body 1, a prefabricated component assembly 2, a construction yard 5, a transfer yard 6, a tunnel invert construction system 7 and an intelligent terminal 8. The front end of the tunnel body 1 located in the invert construction direction is set as an excavation section 101, and the tunnel body 1 is provided with an initial support section 102 at the bottom inner wall closest to one end of the excavation section 101. The initial support section 102 is made of 4 cm concrete initially sprayed on the excavation surface, an invert steel frame, a side wall steel frame and concrete spraying. The surface of the initial support section 102 is provided with a lining support section 103, and the lining support section 103 is constructed by the invert steel bar and concrete in conjunction with the invert end template and the matching belly formwork;

[0087] The tunnel body 1 is located in the invert construction area and is equipped with a gantry 3, one end of the gantry 3 is provided with a crane mechanism 301 for hoisting and transporting the prefabricated assembly 2, and the other end of the crane mechanism 301 is provided with a mobile trestle 302;

[0088] A laser pointer 4 is provided in the central ditch formed by the inverted arch block located inside the tunnel body 1 and behind the inverted arch construction area. Reflection blocks are installed on both end surfaces of each prefabricated part in the prefabricated part assembly 2. The reflection blocks cooperate with the laser pointer 4 to check the installation accuracy of the prefabricated parts.

[0089] The construction yard 5 is arranged near the tunnel body 1 , and the distance from the transfer yard 6 to the tunnel body 1 is greater than the distance from the construction yard 5 to the tunnel body 1 .

[0090] According to the above structure, the specific process of completing the construction of the tunnel invert using the prefabricated component assembly 2 refers to the above assembled invert installation method.

[0091] See attached Figure 3 , Figure 5-Figure 6 The tunnel invert construction system 7 is arranged in the intelligent terminal 8. The tunnel invert construction system 7 is provided with a current progress tracking unit 701, a surrounding rock pressure monitoring unit 704 of the just completed part, an environmental information updating unit 706, a prefabricated component scheduling unit 710, an invert positioning and trending unit 715 and a surrounding rock pressure information integration unit 718. Among them, the current progress tracking unit 701 is used to track and record the construction progress, the environmental information updating unit 706 is used to update the environmental information of the construction area, the prefabricated component scheduling unit 710 is used to generate a scheduling plan for prefabricated components, the invert positioning and trending unit 715 is used to generate the actual construction trend of the invert, and the surrounding rock pressure information integration unit 718 is used to record the surrounding rock pressure information at all positions of the completed construction section of the tunnel body 1.

[0092] Embodiment 1:

[0093] See attached Figure 5 The current progress tracking unit 701 is internally provided with a work progress generating unit 702 and a work progress recording unit 703. The work progress generating unit 702 generates an operation interface for recording construction matters when the next stage of construction is carried out through a new instruction, and the work progress recording unit 703 records construction progress matters by manually inputting text, pictures and manual judgment.

[0094] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: Figure 5 In area a within the tunnel, an operation interface for recording construction matters is generated through the current progress tracking unit 701, and the division of construction stages matches the distance of a single excavation of the invert. The construction process of each section of the invert is specifically recorded in the book, providing data support for the generation of subsequent prefabricated parts supply plans.

[0095] Embodiment 2:

[0096] Refer to the attached Figure 5 The surrounding rock pressure monitoring unit 704 of the just completed part is internally provided with a surrounding rock pressure information real-time updating unit 705. The surrounding rock pressure information real-time updating unit 705 obtains the latest surrounding rock pressure information in real time through wireless data transmission based on the pressure sensor closest to the excavation section 101.

[0097] Refer to the attached Figure 5 The environmental information update unit 706 is internally provided with a local weather information update unit 707, a humidity information update unit 708 and a temperature information update unit 709. The local weather information update unit 707, the humidity information update unit 708 and the temperature information update unit 709 obtain the latest weather, humidity and temperature information of the project construction area in real time by obtaining information from big data based on the environmental information and positioning information published by the meteorological station.

[0098] Refer to the attached Figure 5 The prefabricated parts scheduling unit 710 is internally provided with a logistics information updating unit 711, a construction yard storage information unit 712, a transfer yard storage information unit 713 and a supply plan generating unit 714. The logistics information updating unit 711 uses information classification and coding technology and geographic information system technology to intuitively obtain the prefabricated parts logistics transportation routes and site distribution information. The construction yard storage information unit 712 obtains the storage information of the prefabricated parts in the construction yard 5 through the QR code technology. The transfer yard storage information unit 713 obtains the storage information of the prefabricated parts in the transfer yard 6 through the QR code technology. The generation unit 714 timely adjusts the supply plan based on the construction progress, environmental information and prefabricated parts logistics information through the weighted kernel density estimation method and the earned duration management method. The weighted kernel density estimation method is a statistical method used to estimate the density distribution of data points, which can be used to evaluate the progress status of prefabricated parts installation work and other manual work in the construction progress information; the earned duration management method is based on the principle of earned value analysis and is used to evaluate the progress and cost performance of the project. By comparing the actual workload completed with the planned workload, it can help predict the duration of the project and adjust the construction plan accordingly.

[0099] The earned duration management method uses statistical analysis, data mining, predictive analysis, random forest algorithm, time series analysis and Gantt chart analysis to identify potential delay risks and bottleneck problems, which are used to update and adjust supply plans.

[0100] According to the above content, statistical analysis:

[0101] Linear regression: used to predict the value of a continuous variable, its mathematical model formula is ,in is the dependent variable, is the independent variable, is a parameter, is the error term;

[0102] Logistic regression: A regression model used to predict binary variables. Its mathematical model formula is ,in is the dependent variable, is the independent variable, is a parameter;

[0103] By collecting and analyzing various data involved in the construction process, such as delivery cycle, quality indicators, etc., and using statistical principles to summarize and infer the data, we can help understand the patterns and trends behind the data, which helps to identify inefficient links and potential bottlenecks in the process, so as to take corresponding improvement measures.

[0104] Time series analysis: Time series analysis is a statistical method specifically used to process time series data. It can be applied to the prediction and control of construction progress. By analyzing the time series data of construction progress, the future construction progress and possible delay risks can be predicted.

[0105] Gantt chart analysis: helps project managers adjust logistics supply plans in a timely manner and take corresponding measures to reduce delays by focusing on critical paths, monitoring key tasks, identifying resource bottlenecks and implementing risk management.

[0106] Predictive Analytics:

[0107] Random Forest: It is an integrated learning method based on bagging. It predicts classification problems by building multiple decision trees and voting. In construction management, predictive analysis can also be used to predict future construction progress and possible risk points, so as to formulate more reasonable supply and transportation plans in advance.

[0108] Data mining:

[0109] Support vector machine SVM: A regression and classification model used to solve linear inseparable problems. Its mathematical model formula is: , ,in is the weight vector, is the bias term, is the slack variable, is the regularization parameter;

[0110] Using machine learning and pattern recognition technology, we can discover hidden patterns and association rules from large-scale data sets. In the construction progress record information, data mining can help find potential delay risk points and inefficient links, providing a basis for optimizing the prefabricated parts supply plan;

[0111] With the support of the above-mentioned technologies, the auxiliary supply plan generation unit 714 can provide the best prefabricated parts supply plan under various unexpected situations.

[0112] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: according to the overall plan of tunnel construction, the required quantity and time node of prefabricated inverted arch prefabricated parts are determined, and two yards are preset. The construction yard 5 is set near the tunnel excavation site, with a small storage capacity, and is used for calling prefabricated parts in a single construction stage; the transit yard 6 is set in a large open space at a long distance, with a large storage capacity, and is used for storing inverted arch prefabricated parts directly transported from the factory;

[0113] Demand forecasting: forecasting the demand for prefabricated parts based on the construction schedule, including consideration of possible losses and spare parts;

[0114] Production scheduling: Develop production plans for prefabricated parts based on demand forecasts and coordinate production schedules with factories;

[0115] Logistics arrangement: arrange the transportation of prefabricated parts from the factory to the transfer yard 6, and ensure the safety of prefabricated parts during transportation;

[0116] Inventory management: Manage the inventory of prefabricated parts in the transfer yard 6 to ensure that the quality and quantity of prefabricated parts meet the requirements;

[0117] On-site coordination: Through the tunnel invert construction system 7, understand the construction progress and actual demand for prefabricated parts;

[0118] Transfer and dispatch: according to the construction progress, the prefabricated parts in the transfer yard 6 are transferred to the construction yard 5 in time for installation and use;

[0119] Installation preparation: inspect and pre-treat the prefabricated parts in the construction yard 5, such as cleaning and measuring;

[0120] Installation work: According to the construction plan, the prefabricated parts are hoisted to the designated location, and are accurately positioned and installed;

[0121] Progress monitoring: The prefabricated parts scheduling unit 710 timely adjusts the supply plan for the transfer of prefabricated parts from the transfer yard 6 to the construction yard 5 by tracking the construction progress and the use of prefabricated parts. In addition, when the surrounding rock pressure monitoring unit 704 of the just-completed part determines that the surrounding rock pressure of the just-completed part of the tunnel is abnormal, the above supply plan will also be adjusted in time according to the delay of the actual construction progress. In addition, when the environmental information updating unit 706 determines that the current environment will cause delays in tunnel construction, the above supply plan will also be adjusted in time according to the delay of the actual construction progress. Through the above process, it can be ensured that the prefabricated parts in the construction yard 5 can be replenished in time. Under the defect that the construction yard 5 cannot store too many prefabricated parts due to geographical space limitations, a supply plan that does not affect the use progress of tunnel prefabricated parts is provided. The supply plan can be flexibly adjusted according to multiple factors, and can also avoid the chaos of prefabricated parts supply in the construction yard 5 caused by tunnel construction delays.

[0122] Embodiment three:

[0123] Refer to the attached Figure 5 The inverted arch positioning direction unit 715 is internally provided with a prefabricated component position information unit 716 and a three-dimensional direction generation unit 717. The prefabricated component position information unit 716 obtains the position information of each prefabricated component in real time by wireless data transmission based on the detection information of the installation position of each prefabricated component in the prefabricated component assembly 2 by the laser pointer 4. The three-dimensional direction generation unit 717 generates a three-dimensional model of the tunnel and obtains the deformation information of the tunnel by three-dimensional laser scanning technology.

[0124] The working principle of the present invention is: Figure 2 And attached Figure 5 In area b inside, a laser pointer 4 is used in conjunction with the reflective blocks on the surface of each prefabricated part in the prefabricated part assembly 2 to check the installation accuracy of each prefabricated part and record the installation position information of each prefabricated part. The position information of all prefabricated parts 2 in the tunnel body 1 is integrated, and a three-dimensional model of the tunnel is generated through three-dimensional laser scanning technology. With the help of this model, the tunnel direction and tunnel deformation information can be obtained intuitively and quickly, which is convenient for the subsequent timely repair and reinforcement of the tunnel.

[0125] Embodiment 4:

[0126] Refer to the attached Figure 5 and Figure 6The surrounding rock pressure information integration unit 718 is internally provided with a completion section creation unit 719, a surrounding rock pressure information recording unit 720 and a critical pressure warning unit 721. The completion section creation unit 719 generates an operation interface for recording the surrounding rock pressure information at various positions of the tunnel through a creation instruction. The surrounding rock pressure information recording unit 720 obtains the latest surrounding rock pressure information in real time through wireless data transmission based on pressure sensors at various monitoring positions of the tunnel. The critical pressure warning unit 721 generates an alarm message through a wireless monitoring and warning system when the pressure information at a certain position exceeds a set threshold.

[0127] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: Figure 6 In the c area within, by completing the new section creation unit 719, an operation interface for recording the surrounding rock pressure at various locations in the tunnel is generated, and each recording page is matched with a specified detection location in the tunnel body 1, and then the surrounding rock pressure information at each monitoring location is obtained through the surrounding rock pressure information recording unit 720. When the pressure information at a certain location exceeds the set threshold, the critical pressure warning unit 721 will generate an alarm message to achieve the effect of timely warning, which is convenient for the subsequent timely repair and reinforcement of the tunnel.

[0128] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention. The structures, devices and operating methods not specifically described and explained in the present invention shall be implemented according to the conventional means in the art unless otherwise specified and limited.

Claims

1. A method for quickly installing an assembled invert in a loess tunnel, comprising an invert installation system, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: Step S1: Construction preparation: Organize personnel and machinery to enter the site according to design requirements and construction plans, and conduct safety and technical briefings for construction personnel; Step S2: excavation of invert: 1) Before excavation, survey and lay out the lines according to the design parameters and construction coordinates, determine the excavation line of the invert, and ensure the excavation depth and contour of the invert; 2) Invert excavation is carried out by manual excavation combined with mechanical excavation, or loosening blasting combined with mechanical excavation according to the surrounding rock conditions of the tunnel. The one-time excavation length is no more than 3 meters for soil and soft rock and no more than 5 meters for hard rock; Step S3: cleaning the substrate: After the excavation of the invert is completed, the base slag and water accumulation should be removed in time, and the initial support, masonry and backfill of the invert should be carried out in time; Step S4, initial support of the invert; Step S5: Invert and backfill construction: 1) Install and reinforce the invert arch end formwork, and measure and check the elevation of the invert arch bottom surface; 2) Installation and binding of inverted arch reinforcement. The reinforcement processing adopts a reinforcement bending machine to pre-bend the inverted arch reinforcement. The reinforcement installation adopts a precise positioning process combining positioning reinforcement and reinforcement positioning fixtures. The positioning fixtures are made of equilateral angle steel openings to effectively control the reinforcement spacing, make the layer spacing uniform, and improve the qualified rate of the protective layer thickness. The processing and installation of the inverted arch reinforcement should comply with the design and specification requirements. The reserved length of the reinforcement on the side walls on both sides of the inverted arch should be staggered by no less than 1. , and the number of steel bar joints in the same section shall not exceed 50%, the thickness of the steel bar protective layer shall be controlled by high-strength mortar pads, and the number of pads shall not be less than 5 / ; 3) Installation and reinforcement of the invert formwork. The hydraulic movable trestle (302) and matching belly formwork are used in the invert construction to ensure that the tunnel bottom concrete and side wall concrete are cast and formed in one time, thus ensuring the designed arc and curvature of the invert; 4) Inverted arch lining concrete construction: Inverted arch lining concrete and filling concrete are poured in layers, and pumping or chute feeding is adopted to ensure window feeding, and manual vibration through the window and overall vibration with an attached vibrator are used to ensure the density and strength of the concrete; 5) Construction of longitudinal water-swelling waterstop strips on the side walls. After the top surface of the water-swelling waterstop strips on the side walls is finished, a square steel pre-compression groove tooling is used to form a straight and standardized reserved groove. After the formwork is removed and the concrete surface is dry, the waterstop strips are embedded and fixed; 6) Update the daily supply plan of prefabricated parts. Update the daily supply plan of prefabricated parts based on the current progress information, the monitoring results of the surrounding rock pressure of the tunnel section just completed, the environmental information, and the prefabricated parts scheduling information to ensure that the prefabricated parts are in place and avoid excessive accumulation in the construction yard; 7) Assembly and construction of prefabricated inverted arch parts. Before construction, remove the accumulated water and debris on the surface of the inverted arch. After removing the inverted arch arc formwork, install the prefabricated inverted arch parts at various locations. Fix the prefabricated parts with each other and with the lining concrete. Fill the reserved gaps with concrete and vibrate again to ensure the density of the filled concrete. 8) Laser pointer (4) inspection: During tunneling, a laser pointer is placed in the central ditch formed by the rear invert block to check the installation accuracy of the prefabricated parts through the laser beam, laying the foundation for the construction of the tunnel support structure; The invert arch installation system comprises a tunnel body (1), a prefabricated component assembly (2), a construction yard (5), a transfer yard (6), a tunnel invert arch construction system (7) and an intelligent terminal (8), wherein the tunnel invert arch construction system (7) is arranged in the intelligent terminal (8); The tunnel invert construction system (7) is internally provided with a current progress tracking unit (701), a surrounding rock pressure monitoring unit (704) of the just completed part, an environmental information updating unit (706), a prefabricated component scheduling unit (710), an invert positioning and trending unit (715), and a surrounding rock pressure information integration unit (718); The current progress tracking unit (701) is internally provided with a work progress generating unit (702) and a work progress recording unit (703); The work progress generating unit (702) generates an operation interface for recording construction matters when the next stage of construction is carried out by creating a new instruction, and the work progress recording unit (703) records construction progress matters by manually inputting text, pictures and manually judging; The prefabricated component scheduling unit (710) is internally provided with a logistics information updating unit (711), a construction yard storage information unit (712), a transfer yard storage information unit (713) and a supply plan generating unit (714); The logistics information updating unit (711) intuitively obtains the prefabricated parts logistics transportation routes and site distribution information through information classification and coding technology and geographic information system technology. The construction yard storage information unit (712) obtains the storage information of the prefabricated parts in the construction yard (5) through the two-dimensional code technology. The transit yard storage information unit (713) obtains the storage information of the prefabricated parts in the transit yard (6) through the two-dimensional code technology. The supply plan generation unit (714) timely adjusts the supply plan based on the construction progress, environmental information and prefabricated parts logistics information through the weighted kernel density estimation method and the earned duration management method.

2. The method for rapid installation of assembled invert arches in loess tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of step S4 is as follows: 1) Before supporting, check the clearance size of the excavation surface to ensure that it meets the design and specification requirements, and the contour is smooth, without under-excavation or over-excavation, and meets the specification requirements; 2) After the initial spraying of 4cm of concrete on the excavated surface of the inverted arch, the inverted arch steel frame is installed. The inverted arch steel frame and the side wall steel frame are connected by connecting plates. The steel frame connecting plates are firmly connected with bolts and welded. After the steel frame is installed, the spraying concrete re-spraying construction is carried out; 3) The initial support concrete strength, thickness, and steel frame processing and installation quality must meet the design and specification requirements. The spacing between the inverted arch steel frames must meet the design requirements and be firmly connected to the connecting plates of the side wall arch frames.

3. The method for rapid installation of assembled invert arches in loess tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front end of the tunnel body (1) located in the construction direction of the invert is set as an excavation section (101), and the tunnel body (1) is provided with an initial support section (102) at the bottom inner wall closest to one end of the excavation section (101), the initial support section (102) is made of 4 cm concrete initially sprayed on the excavation surface, an invert steel frame, a side wall steel frame and concrete spraying construction, and a lining support section (103) is arranged on the surface of the initial support section (102), and the lining support section (103) is constructed by invert steel bars and concrete in conjunction with an invert end formwork and a matching belly formwork; The tunnel body (1) is provided with a gantry (3) inside the invert construction area, one end of the gantry (3) is provided with a crane mechanism (301) for hoisting and transporting the prefabricated assembly (2), and the other end of the crane mechanism (301) is provided with a movable trestle (302); A laser pointer (4) is provided in the central ditch formed by the inverted arch block located inside the tunnel body (1) and behind the inverted arch construction area. Reflection blocks are installed on both end surfaces of each prefabricated part in the prefabricated part assembly (2). The reflection blocks cooperate with the laser pointer (4) to check the installation accuracy of the prefabricated parts. The construction yard (5) is arranged near the tunnel body (1), and the distance from the transfer yard (6) to the tunnel body (1) is greater than the distance from the construction yard (5) to the tunnel body (1).

4. The method for rapid installation of assembled invert arches in loess tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The current progress tracking unit (701) is used to track and record the construction progress, the environmental information updating unit (706) is used to update the environmental information of the construction area, the prefabricated component scheduling unit (710) is used to generate a scheduling plan for prefabricated components, the invert positioning direction unit (715) is used to generate the actual construction direction of the invert, and the surrounding rock pressure information integration unit (718) is used to record the surrounding rock pressure information at all positions of the completed construction section of the tunnel body (1).

5. The method for rapid installation of assembled invert arches in loess tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surrounding rock pressure monitoring unit (704) of the just completed part is provided with a surrounding rock pressure information real-time updating unit (705); The surrounding rock pressure information real-time updating unit (705) acquires the latest surrounding rock pressure information in real time based on the pressure sensor closest to the excavation section (101) by means of wireless data transmission.

6. The method for rapid installation of assembled invert arches in loess tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environment information updating unit (706) is internally provided with a local weather information updating unit (707), a humidity information updating unit (708) and a temperature information updating unit (709); The local weather information updating unit (707), humidity information updating unit (708) and temperature information updating unit (709) obtain the latest weather, humidity and temperature information of the project construction area in real time by obtaining information from big data based on the environmental information and positioning information published by the meteorological station.

7. The method for rapid installation of assembled invert arches in loess tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weighted kernel density estimation method is a statistical method for estimating the density distribution of data points, and is used to evaluate the progress status of prefabricated component installation work and other manual work in the construction progress information; The earned duration management method is based on the principle of earned value analysis and is used to evaluate the progress and cost performance of a project. By comparing the actual workload completed with the planned workload, the duration of the project is predicted and the construction plan is adjusted accordingly.

8. The method for rapid installation of assembled invert arches in loess tunnels according to claim 7, characterized in that: The earned duration management method identifies potential delay risks and bottleneck problems through statistical analysis, data mining, predictive analysis, random forest algorithm, time series analysis and Gantt chart analysis, so as to update and adjust the supply plan.

9. The method for rapid installation of assembled invert arches in loess tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inverted arch positioning and orientation unit (715) is provided with a prefabricated component position information unit (716) and a three-dimensional orientation generation unit (717) inside. The prefabricated component position information unit (716) acquires the position information of each prefabricated component in real time by means of wireless data transmission based on the detection information of the installation position of each prefabricated component in the prefabricated component assembly (2) by the laser pointer (4), and the three-dimensional direction generation unit (717) generates a three-dimensional model of the tunnel and acquires the deformation information of the tunnel by means of three-dimensional laser scanning technology.

10. The method for rapid installation of assembled invert arches in loess tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surrounding rock pressure information integration unit (718) is internally provided with a completion section new construction unit (719), a surrounding rock pressure information recording unit (720) and a critical pressure warning unit (721); The completion section creation unit (719) generates an operation interface for recording surrounding rock pressure information at various locations in the tunnel through a creation instruction. The surrounding rock pressure information recording unit (720) obtains the latest surrounding rock pressure information in real time through wireless data transmission based on pressure sensors at various monitoring locations in the tunnel. The critical pressure warning unit (721) generates alarm information through a wireless monitoring and warning system when pressure information at a certain location exceeds a set threshold.

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