Loading unit body group automatic combination-multi-axis linkage test equipment and application method

Abstract

The invention provides loading unit body group automatic combination-multi-axis linkage test equipment and an application method, relates to the technical field of indoor tests of rock and soil mechanics, and aims to solve the technical problem of low test precision of test equipment in the prior art. The invention relates to automatic combination-multi-axis linkage test equipment for loading unit body groups, which comprises a main machine frame, a test sample conveying mechanism, a test sample in-place mechanism, a movable reset mechanism, a plurality of tangential combined loading unit body groups and a plurality of vertical combined loading unit body groups, the tangential moving frame is slidably connected with the host frame in the left-right direction, the right end of the tangential moving frame is connected with the loading head, the horizontal guide rail pair is connected with the host frame in the left-right direction, and the vertical loading unit bodies are slidably connected to the lower end of the horizontal guide rail pair. The follow-up actuator is connected with the host frame and is fixedly connected with the leftmost vertical loading unit body through a follow-up force transducer, and the adjacent vertical loading unit bodies are detachably connected through a lock catch mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of indoor rock and soil mechanics tests, and in particular to a loading unit group automatic combination-multi-axis linkage test equipment and an application method. Background Art

[0002] The study of size effect of mechanical properties of geotechnical materials is a hot topic. How to carry out the research of test equipment supporting size effect research has also become the main technical difficulty in this research field. When the sample size range is too large, it is unrealistic to use a series of equipment to match the corresponding size of the sample test. This is because the processing and assembly errors of each device are large, the test data matching is not good and the overall cost of each device is very high. Therefore, it is very important to realize the testing of multi-size samples on one device.

[0003] Since each loading mechanism is affected by the accuracy and range of the force sensor, servo cylinder, etc., the force measuring range is limited. At the same time, a set of loading mechanisms cannot load a large sample due to stress concentration. Therefore, it is a common method to use a combination of multiple loading mechanisms, such as the test equipment disclosed in Chinese patents 201610976607.2 and 201910675191.4. During the loading process, the upper sample is placed on the lower sample, the vertical loading mechanism is loaded on the upper end of the upper sample, and the tangential loading mechanism is loaded on the left end of the upper sample. During the test, the upper sample moves to the right under the action of the tangential loading force, but the vertical loading mechanism in the above-mentioned test equipment cannot achieve follow-up loading as the sample moves, resulting in the vertical loading position being offset relative to the sample position, affecting the test accuracy.

[0004] In addition, Chinese patent CN112557217B provides a shear strength test system for ultra-wide continuous-size rock structure surfaces, in which more than two actuator groups are arranged vertically and tangentially, but all actuators are integrated and installed on a mobile frame in the vertical direction. When testing small-size specimens and small loads, there is a large friction force, which has a great influence on the test results; in the tangential direction, all actuators transmit force through multi-stage force transmission frames on the same plane, resulting in a complex force transmission path, low overall accuracy, and the tangential loading position cannot adapt to changes in the specimen height. In addition, the specimen resetting process is relatively cumbersome.

[0005] Therefore, in order to better meet the test accuracy of ultra-large specimen size range and load range, it is very meaningful to develop an automatic combination of loading unit groups - multi-axis linkage test equipment with high test accuracy, strong loading adaptability and high sample loading efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the first object of the present invention is to provide a loading unit group automatic combination - multi-axis linkage test equipment to solve the technical problem of low test accuracy of the test equipment in the prior art.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a loading unit group automatic combination - multi-axis linkage test equipment, including a main frame, a receiving cavity for receiving an upper sample and a lower sample is provided in the main frame, and an opening communicating with the receiving cavity is provided at the right end of the main frame; A sample transport mechanism, used for transporting the upper sample and the lower sample from outside the containing cavity to inside the containing cavity through the opening; The sample positioning mechanism is used to fix the lower sample in place after the upper sample and the lower sample enter the containing cavity; Mobile reset mechanism, used to push the upper specimen to reset after the test; A tangential combined loading unit group, the tangential combined loading unit group includes a tangential moving frame, a loading head and a plurality of tangential loading units, the plurality of tangential loading units are connected to the left part of the main frame, the tangential moving frame is slidably connected to the main frame along the left and right directions, the right end of the tangential moving frame is connected to the loading head, and the plurality of tangential loading units drive the tangential moving frame to move and make the loading head load on the left end of the upper sample; A vertical combined loading unit group includes a horizontal guide pair, a follower actuator, a follower force sensor, a plurality of vertical loading unit bodies and a plurality of locking mechanisms. The horizontal guide pair is connected to the main frame along the left-right direction and is located in the accommodating cavity. The plurality of vertical loading unit bodies are distributed along the left-right direction and are all slidably connected to the lower end of the horizontal guide pair. The follower actuator is connected to the main frame. The piston rod of the follower actuator is fixedly connected to the vertical loading unit body located on the far left through the follower force sensor. Adjacent vertical loading unit bodies are detachably connected through a locking mechanism.

[0008] After adopting the above structure, the automatic combination of loading unit groups and multi-axis linkage test equipment in the present invention has the following advantages: the tangential combined loading unit group is equipped with a plurality of tangential loading units, and the vertical combined loading unit group is equipped with a plurality of vertical loading units. For specimens of different sizes and corresponding load requirements, a small-sized specimen is loaded with one tangential loading unit and one vertical loading unit, and a large-sized specimen is loaded with a combination of a plurality of tangential loading units and a plurality of vertical loading units. When the maximum load of the largest specimen is reached, all tangential loading units and all vertical loading units are loaded together. The combination of tangential loading units and vertical loading units can avoid too many loading units acting on relatively small specimens, effectively reduce the influence of friction on the movement of mechanical structure, and during loading, the follower actuator drives the vertical loading unit to move with the upper specimen to realize vertical synchronous follow-up loading, while in the tangential direction, all tangential loading units provide tangential loading force to the loading head through the tangential moving frame, simplifying the force transmission path, thereby improving the test accuracy from multiple aspects; the main frame adopts side opening to facilitate the entry and exit of the specimen when installing the specimen.

[0009] As an improvement, the loading head includes a first loading head and a second loading head, both of which are strip-shaped, the first loading head is connected to the right end of the tangential moving frame, and the second loading head is rotatably connected to the upper end of the first loading head, and the loading position of the second loading head with the upper sample during loading is changed by rotating the second loading head; with this structure, the first loading head and the second loading head correspond to samples of different sizes respectively, and the first loading head or the second loading head is selected according to the different height dimensions of the sample, and the loading position is changed by rotating the second loading head, thereby further meeting the loading requirements of samples of multiple sizes.

[0010] As an improvement, the tangential combined loading unit group also includes a load-bearing plate, a limit block and a screw. The right end of the tangential moving frame is connected to the load-bearing plate. A vertical guide groove is provided on the right end surface of the load-bearing plate. The loading head is vertically slidably connected in the guide groove. The bottom end of the load-bearing plate is connected to the limit block. The screw is threadedly connected to the limit block and the upper end of the screw supports the loading head. With this structure, the height of the loading head is changed by rotating the screw, and then the loading position of the loading head is adjusted to meet the set loading position requirements, thereby meeting the loading requirements of samples of multiple sizes.

[0011] As an improvement, the tangential loading unit includes a tangential displacement sensor, a tangential loading servo cylinder, a tangential force sensor, a force block and a load-bearing block. The tangential loading servo cylinder is connected to the main frame, the left end of the tangential loading servo cylinder is connected to the tangential displacement sensor, the piston rod of the tangential loading servo cylinder is arranged to the right and connected to the tangential force sensor, the tangential force sensor is connected to the force block, the right end face of the force block is provided with a spherical convex surface, the load-bearing block is connected to the tangential moving frame, the left end face of the load-bearing block is provided with a spherical concave surface, and the spherical convex surface is connected to the spherical concave surface; by adopting this structure, the spherical convex surface on the force block is matched with the spherical concave surface on the load-bearing block, so that the loading force applied to the loading head by each tangential loading servo cylinder is kept horizontal, the influence of the bending moment on the specimen test is reduced, and the test accuracy is improved.

[0012] As an improvement, the vertical loading unit body includes a horizontal moving frame, a moving guide block, a vertical guide pair, a vertical loading servo cylinder, a vertical displacement sensor, a vertical moving frame, a ball joint, a loading plate and a vertical force sensor. The horizontal moving frame is slidably connected to the horizontal guide pair through the moving guide block. The horizontal moving frame is connected to the vertical loading servo cylinder arranged vertically downward. The top of the vertical loading servo cylinder is connected to the vertical displacement sensor. The vertical moving frame is vertically slidably connected to the horizontal moving frame through the vertical guide pair. The piston rod of the vertical loading servo cylinder is connected to the vertical moving frame through the vertical force sensor. The lower end of the vertical moving frame is connected to the loading plate through a ball joint. The horizontal moving frames of adjacent vertical loading units are detachably connected through a locking mechanism. With this structure, the vertical loading servo cylinder drives the vertical moving frame to move vertically and loads the upper sample through the loading plate. The vertical moving frame and the loading plate are connected through a ball joint, so that the vertical loading force remains vertical, reducing the influence of the bending moment on the sample test and improving the test accuracy.

[0013] As an improvement, the locking mechanism includes a connecting plate, an electric push rod, a pin shaft, a base and a latch block. The base and the latch block are respectively connected to two adjacent vertical loading unit bodies. The electric push rod is connected to the base through the connecting plate. The electric push rod is connected to the pin shaft and drives the pin shaft to move vertically. Limit holes are provided on the base and the latch block. When adjacent vertical loading unit bodies are against each other, the limiting holes of the base and the latch block are coaxially arranged so that the electric push rod can drive the pin shaft to be inserted into the limiting hole. With this structure, each vertical loading unit body in the initial state is located on the right side of the accommodating cavity and adjacent vertical loading unit bodies are connected by a locking mechanism. According to the size of the upper sample, a corresponding number of vertical loading unit bodies are selected to participate in the loading. Among the vertical loading unit bodies participating in the loading, the rightmost vertical loading unit body and the leftmost vertical loading unit body that does not participate in the loading are separated by the locking mechanism, that is, the electric push rod drives the pin shaft to leave the limiting hole, thereby realizing the automatic combination of vertical loading unit bodies for different sample sizes.

[0014] As an improvement, the sample transport mechanism includes a limit plate, a vehicle body, wheels, a transport guide pair and a pressure plate. A plurality of wheels are rotatably connected to the bottom end of the vehicle body, a limit plate is connected to the left side of the upper end of the vehicle body, and the pressure plate is connected to the upper end of the vehicle body by sliding along the left and right directions through the transport guide pair. The limit plate and the pressure plate are detachably connected. With this structure, before the test, the sample transport mechanism is located outside the accommodating cavity, and the upper and lower samples are placed on the vehicle body, and the limit plate and the pressure plate are connected and fixed at this time. After the sample is in place, the sample positioning mechanism needs to apply a predetermined prestress to the lower sample. At this time, the limit plate and the pressure plate are separated to ensure that the prestress loaded on the lower sample is constant during the test, thereby improving the test accuracy.

[0015] As an improvement, the sample positioning mechanism includes a push cylinder, a thrust measuring sensor, a push plate, a cushion block assembly and a reverse support block. The push cylinder is connected to the left end of the main frame, and the push cylinder piston rod is connected to the push plate through the thrust measuring sensor. The push cylinder drives the push plate to abut the left end of the lower sample and reach a predetermined prestress. The main frame is connected to a lifting cylinder, and the lifting cylinder is connected to a support seat located on the right part of the accommodating chamber. The lifting cylinder drives the support seat to move vertically, and the reverse support block is connected to the left end surface of the support seat, and the cushion block assembly abuts between the lower sample and the reverse support block. With this structure, after the sample transportation mechanism transports the upper sample and the lower sample into the accommodating chamber, the lifting cylinder drives the support seat to fall, and the push cylinder applies a predetermined prestress to the lower sample, and uses the cushion block assembly to press it to prevent the lower sample from moving during the test. The thrust measurement sensor ensures that the prestress on the lower sample is constant during the test, thereby improving the experimental accuracy.

[0016] As an improvement, the mobile reset mechanism includes a mobile frame and a reset cylinder. The mobile frame is connected to the upper end of the specimen positioning mechanism by sliding in the left and right directions. The mobile frame and the specimen positioning mechanism are fixed by a fixing assembly. The mobile frame is connected to a reset cylinder, which drives the upper specimen to reset to the left by driving the reset cylinder to the left. With this structure, during the test, the upper specimen will be pushed to the right by the tangential combined loading unit group, and after the test, the upper specimen will be pushed to the left by the reset cylinder.

[0017] The second object of the present invention is to provide an application method of a loading unit group automatic combination-multi-axis linkage test equipment, using the above-mentioned loading unit group automatic combination-multi-axis linkage test equipment, comprising the following steps: S1. Place the lower sample on the sample transport mechanism outside the containing cavity, and place the upper sample on the upper end of the lower sample; S2, the sample transport mechanism transports the lower sample and the upper sample into the containing chamber and fixes the lower sample in place through the sample positioning mechanism; S3. According to the size of the upper sample, a corresponding number of vertical loading units are selected to participate in the loading. The vertical loading units participating in the loading are separated from the vertical loading units not participating in the loading by a locking mechanism. The follower actuator drives the vertical loading units participating in the loading to move to the left until the loading centers of the vertical loading units coincide with the center of the upper sample. The vertical loading units participating in the loading load the upper end of the upper sample. According to the size of the upper sample, the tangential combined loading unit group automatically combines a corresponding number of tangential loading units to drive the loading head to load the left end of the upper sample. S4. Perform vertical and tangential multi-axis linkage loading. The upper specimen moves to the right under the loading action of the tangential combined loading unit group, and the follower actuator drives the vertical loading unit participating in the loading to move synchronously with the upper specimen until the upper specimen moves to the specified position. S5. After the test is finished, the vertical loading unit body and the tangential combined loading unit body group participating in the loading are reset, and the follower actuator drives the vertical loading unit body participating in the loading to move rightward and reconnects the vertical loading unit body participating in the loading and the vertical loading unit body not participating in the loading through the locking mechanism; S6, the movable reset mechanism drives the upper sample to reset, and the sample positioning mechanism releases the fixation of the lower sample; S7. The sample transport mechanism transports the upper sample and the lower sample to outside the containing cavity.

[0018] After adopting the above method, the application method of the automatic combination of loading unit groups-multi-axis linkage test equipment in the present invention has the following advantages: the tangential combined loading unit group is equipped with a plurality of tangential loading units, and the vertical combined loading unit group is equipped with a plurality of vertical loading units. For different size specimens and corresponding load requirements, a small size specimen is loaded with one tangential loading unit and one vertical loading unit, and a large size specimen is loaded with a combination of multiple tangential loading units and multiple vertical loading units. When the maximum load of the largest specimen is reached, all tangential loading units and all vertical loading units are loaded. The loading units are loaded in linkage. The combination of tangential loading units and vertical loading units can avoid too many loading units acting on relatively small-sized specimens, which can effectively reduce the influence of friction on the movement of mechanical structures. During the loading process, the follower actuator drives the vertical loading unit to move with the upper specimen to achieve vertical synchronous follow-up loading. In the tangential direction, all tangential loading units provide tangential loading force to the loading head through the tangential moving frame, simplifying the force transmission path, thereby improving the test accuracy in many aspects. The main frame adopts side openings to facilitate the entry and exit of the specimen when the specimen is installed by the specimen transport mechanism. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the mainframe frame part in the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the vertical combined loading unit group part in the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the vertical loading unit body part in the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the vertical loading unit body in the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the tangential combined loading unit group part in the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of the tangential loading unit body part in the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the locking mechanism part of the present invention.

[0027] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sample transport mechanism, sample positioning mechanism and movable resetting mechanism in the present invention.

[0028] Reference numerals: 100, lower sample; 200, upper sample; 1, main frame; 11, left support column; 12, crossbeam; 13, pull rod mechanism; 14, right support column; 15, lifting guide rail pair; 16, bottom platform; 17, guide positioning plate; 171, guide rail groove; 18, support plate; 2, sample transport mechanism; 21, limit plate; 22, vehicle body; 23, wheel; 24, transport guide rail pair; 25, pressure plate; 3, sample positioning mechanism; 31, push cylinder; 32 , thrust measuring sensor; 33, push plate; 34, cushion block assembly; 35, reverse support block; 36, guide rod; 37, guide plate; 4, mobile reset mechanism; 41, mobile frame; 42, reset cylinder; 5, tangential combined loading unit group; 51, tangential moving frame; 52, tangential loading unit; 521, tangential displacement sensor; 522, tangential loading servo cylinder; 523, tangential force sensor; 524, force block; 525, load bearing block; 526, Guide rod; 527, sleeve; 53, first loading head; 54, second loading head; 55, bearing plate; 551, guide groove; 56, limit block; 57, screw; 58, tangential guide pair; 59, first fixed plate; 510, second fixed plate; 6, vertical combined loading unit group; 61, horizontal guide pair; 62, follow-up actuator; 63, follow-up force sensor; 64, vertical loading unit; 641, horizontal moving frame; 642, moving guide block; 643, Vertical guide pair; 644, vertical loading servo cylinder; 645, vertical displacement sensor; 646, vertical moving frame; 647, ball joint; 648, loading plate; 649, vertical force sensor; 65, locking mechanism; 651, connecting plate; 652, electric push rod; 653, pin shaft; 654, base; 655, latch block; 656, limiting hole; 657, hinge; 66, connecting block; 7, accommodating chamber; 8, opening; 9, lifting cylinder; 10, supporting seat. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The loading unit group automatic combination - multi-axis linkage test equipment and application method of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, a loading unit group automatic combination - multi-axis linkage test equipment includes a main frame 1, a sample transport mechanism 2, a sample positioning mechanism 3, a movable reset mechanism 4, a tangentially combined loading unit group 5 and a vertically combined loading unit group 6, wherein the main frame 1 is provided with a accommodating cavity 7 for accommodating an upper sample 200 and a lower sample 100, and the right end of the main frame 1 is provided with an opening 8 connected to the accommodating cavity 7.

[0031] Specifically, if Figure 2As shown, the main frame 1 includes a left support column 11, a crossbeam 12, a pull rod mechanism 13, a right support column 14, a bottom platform 16, a guide positioning plate 17 and a support plate 18. The left support column 11 is installed on the left side of the bottom platform 16 fixed to the ground, and two right support columns 14 are installed on the front and rear of the right side to form a hollow structure, which is an opening 8. A guide positioning plate 17 with a guide groove 171 is installed above the bottom platform 16. The guide groove 171 is distributed in the left and right directions. The front and rear sides of the upper end of the guide positioning plate 17 are distributed along the left and right intervals with front and rear symmetrically arranged square holes. The square holes A short-stroke cylinder with a support plate 18 is installed at the bottom, and the short-stroke cylinder drives the support plate 18 to move vertically. A large-span beam 12 is installed above the two right support columns 14 and the left support column 11. A accommodating cavity 7 is formed between the beam 12 and the bottom platform 16, and between the left support column 11 and the right support column 14. A certain number of pull rod mechanisms 13 are used to connect the beam 12 and the right support column 14, and the left support column 11 and the bottom platform 16. The pull rod mechanism 13 applies prestress to ensure the overall rigidity of the main frame 1, and space is left in the middle of the beam 12 to allow the vertical combined loading unit group 6 to work.

[0032] The sample transport mechanism 2 is used to transport the upper sample 200 and the lower sample 100 from outside the accommodating chamber 7 through the opening 8 into the accommodating chamber 7. Fig. 9 As shown, the sample transport mechanism 2 includes a limit plate 21, a vehicle body 22, wheels 23, a transport guide pair 24 and a pressure plate 25. A plurality of wheels 23 are rotatably connected to the bottom end of the vehicle body 22. The left side of the upper end of the vehicle body 22 is connected to the limit plate 21. The pressure plate 25 is slidably connected to the upper end of the vehicle body 22 along the left and right directions through the transport guide pair 24. The limit plate 21 and the pressure plate 25 are detachably connected, and can be specifically connected by structures such as bolts. The wheels 23 enter the accommodating chamber 7 through the guide groove 171, and after the sample transport mechanism 2 transports the upper sample 200 and the lower sample 100 to the specified position, each wheel 23 is located just above each support plate 18, and the support plate 18 is driven down by the short-stroke cylinder to make the vehicle body 22 fit with the bottom platform 16.

[0033] The sample positioning mechanism 3 is used to fix the lower sample 100 in place after the upper sample 200 and the lower sample 100 enter the containing chamber 7. Fig. 9 As shown, the sample positioning mechanism 3 includes a push cylinder 31, a thrust measuring sensor 32, a push plate 33, a cushion block assembly 34 and a reverse support block 35. The push cylinder 31 is connected to the left end of the main frame 1. Specifically, the push cylinder 31 is installed at the lower part of the left support column 11 through the tail end fixing frame. The piston rod of the push cylinder 31 is connected to the push plate 33 through the thrust measuring sensor 32. The push cylinder 31 drives the push plate 33 to abut against the left end of the lower sample 100 and reach a predetermined prestress. The main frame 1 is connected to a lifting cylinder 9, and the lifting cylinder 9 is connected to a support seat 10 located at the right part of the accommodating cavity 7. Specifically, as shown in Figure 2As shown, a lifting cylinder 9 is installed on the right side of the crossbeam 12 near the right support column 14, and the piston rod of the lifting cylinder 9 is connected to the support seat 10, and the support seat 10 is respectively connected to the two right support columns 14 through the lifting guide rail pair 15; the lifting cylinder 9 drives the support seat 10 to move vertically, and the reverse support block 35 is connected to the left end surface of the support seat 10, and the cushion block assembly 34 abuts between the lower sample 100 and the reverse support block 35; wherein, the cushion block assembly 34 includes standard small cushion blocks and standard large cushion blocks, and a certain number of standard large cushion blocks and / or standard small cushion blocks are selected according to the size of the lower sample 100, and the cushion block assembly 34 is placed at the right end of the lower sample 100, above the pressure plate 25.

[0034] In addition, if Fig. 9 As shown, the sample positioning mechanism 3 also includes a guide rod 36 and a guide plate 37. The cylinder body of the push cylinder 31 is fixedly connected to the guide plate 37. The piston rod of the push cylinder 31 passes through the guide plate 37. The guide rods 36 are installed at both ends of the push plate 33. The guide rods 36 pass through the guide holes on both sides of the guide plate 37.

[0035] The movable reset mechanism 4 is used to push the upper sample 200 to reset after the test. Fig. 9 As shown, the mobile reset mechanism 4 includes a mobile frame 41 and a reset cylinder 42. The mobile frame 41 is connected to the upper end of the sample positioning mechanism 3 by sliding along the left and right directions. Specifically, the mobile frame 41 is located above the cushion block assembly 34. The mobile frame 41 and the sample positioning mechanism 3 are fixed by a fixing assembly. In this embodiment, after the position of the mobile frame 41 is determined, it is fixed by bolts. The mobile frame 41 is connected to the reset cylinder 42. The reset cylinder 42 drives the push rod to the left to reset the upper sample 200 to the left.

[0036] like Figure 6 As shown, the tangential combined loading unit group 5 includes a tangential moving frame 51, a loading head and a plurality of tangential loading unit bodies 52. The tangential moving frame 51 is slidably connected to the main frame 1 along the left and right directions. Specifically, a first fixed plate 59 is symmetrically installed on the front and rear end surfaces of the middle part of the left support column 11 of the main frame 1. The tangential moving frame 51 is U-shaped. The concave part of the tangential moving frame 51 is slidably connected to the two first fixed plates 59 through two symmetrical tangential guide rail pairs 58. A second fixed plate 510 is installed in the middle part of the left support column 11, and a plurality of tangential loading unit bodies 52 are connected to the main frame 1 along the left and right directions. The tangential loading units 52 are all connected to the left part of the main frame 1. Each tangential loading unit 52 is located in the left support column 11 and is connected to the second fixed plate 510. The tangential loading units 52 are arranged in a vertical stacking manner, that is, several rows of tangential loading units 52 are arranged from top to bottom, each row is provided with several tangential loading units 52, and a tangential loading unit 52 is arranged below the middle position of two tangential loading units 52, forming a staggered distribution. This distribution structure further simplifies the force transmission path and improves the test accuracy.

[0037] like Figure 6 As shown, a loading head is connected to the right end of the tangential moving frame 51, and a plurality of tangential loading unit bodies 52 drive the tangential moving frame 51 to move and load the loading head on the left end of the upper sample 200; each tangential loading unit body 52 acts on the tangential moving frame 51, and one of the tangential loading unit bodies 52 is fixedly connected to the tangential moving frame 51, and the remaining tangential loading unit bodies 52 choose whether to output the loading force according to the sample size.

[0038] like Figure 6 As shown, the loading head includes a first loading head 53 and a second loading head 54. The first loading head 53 and the second loading head 54 are both in strip shape. The first loading head 53 is connected to the right end of the tangential moving frame 51, and the second loading head 54 is rotatably connected to the upper end of the first loading head 53, that is, the second loading head 54 that can rotate around the first loading head 53 is installed above the first loading head 53, and the loading position of the second loading head 54 and the upper sample 200 during loading is changed by rotating the second loading head 54, wherein the first loading head 53 is a large loading head and the second loading head 54 is a small loading head.

[0039] like Figure 6 As shown, the tangential combined loading unit group 5 also includes a bearing plate 55, a limit block 56 and a screw 57. The right end of the tangential moving frame 51 is connected to the bearing plate 55. The right end surface of the bearing plate 55 is provided with a vertical guide groove 551. The loading head is vertically slidably connected in the guide groove 551. The bottom end of the bearing plate 55 is connected to the limit block 56. The screw 57 is threadedly connected to the limit block 56 and the upper end of the screw 57 supports the loading head. Specifically, the first loading head 53 is slidably connected in the guide groove 551, and the upper end of the screw 57 supports the first loading head 53. like Figure 7 As shown, the tangential loading unit 52 includes a tangential displacement sensor 521, a tangential loading servo cylinder 522, a tangential force sensor 523, a force block 524 and a load block 525. The tangential loading servo cylinder 522 is connected to the main frame 1. Specifically, the tangential loading servo cylinder 522 is connected to the second fixed plate 510. The left end of the tangential loading servo cylinder 522 is connected to the tangential displacement sensor 521. The piston rod of the tangential loading servo cylinder 522 is set to the right and connected to the tangential force sensor 523. The tangential force sensor 523 is connected to the force block 524. The right end face of the force block 524 is provided with a spherical convex surface. The load block 525 is connected to the tangential moving frame 51. The left end face of the force block 525 is provided with a spherical concave surface, and the spherical convex surface is connected to the spherical concave surface. In addition, a guide rod 526 is installed at the edge of the force block 524, and the guide rod 526 is slidably connected to the sleeve 527 fixed on the second fixed plate 510.

[0040] like Figure 3As shown, the vertical combined loading unit group 6 includes a horizontal guide pair 61, a follower actuator 62, a follower force sensor 63, a plurality of vertical loading unit bodies 64 and a plurality of locking mechanisms 65. The horizontal guide pair 61 is connected to the main frame 1 along the left-right direction and is located in the accommodating cavity 7. Specifically, the horizontal guide pair 61 is connected to the crossbeam 12, and a plurality of vertical loading unit bodies 64 are distributed along the left-right direction and are all slidably connected to the lower end of the horizontal guide pair 61. The follower actuator 62 is connected to the main frame 1, and the piston rod of the follower actuator 62 is fixedly connected to the vertical loading unit body 64 located on the far left through the follower force sensor 63, wherein the follower actuator 62 is connected to the left support column 11, the follower force sensor 63 is connected to the leftmost vertical loading unit body 64 through a connecting block 66, and adjacent vertical loading unit bodies 64 are detachably connected through a locking mechanism 65.

[0041] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the vertical loading unit 64 includes a horizontal moving frame 641, a moving guide rail block 642, a vertical guide rail pair 643, a vertical loading servo cylinder 644, a vertical displacement sensor 645, a vertical moving frame 646, a ball joint 647, a loading plate 648 and a vertical force sensor 649. The horizontal moving frame 641 is slidably connected to the horizontal guide rail pair 61 through the moving guide rail block 642. The horizontal moving frame 641 is connected to the vertical loading servo cylinder 644 arranged vertically downward. The top of the vertical loading servo cylinder 644 is connected to the vertical displacement sensor 645. The vertical moving frame 646 is connected to the horizontal moving frame 641 by vertical sliding through the vertical guide rail pair 643. The vertical moving frame 646 is also U-shaped and connected to the left and right sides of the horizontal moving frame 641. The piston rod of the vertical loading servo cylinder 644 is connected to the vertical moving frame 646 through the vertical force sensor 649. The lower end of the vertical moving frame 646 is connected to the loading plate 648 through the ball joint 647. The horizontal moving frames 641 of adjacent vertical loading unit bodies 64 are detachably connected through the locking mechanism 65.

[0042] like Figure 8 As shown, the locking mechanism 65 includes a connecting plate 651, an electric push rod 652, a pin 653, a base 654 and a latch block 655. The base 654 and the latch block 655 are respectively connected to two adjacent vertical loading unit bodies 64. The electric push rod 652 is connected to the base 654 through the connecting plate 651. The electric push rod 652 is connected to the pin 653 and drives the pin 653 to move vertically. A limiting hole 656 is provided on the base 654 and the latch block 655. When adjacent vertical loading unit bodies 64 are against each other, the limiting holes 656 of the base 654 and the latch block 655 are coaxially arranged so that the electric push rod 652 can drive the pin 653 to be inserted into the limiting hole 656. The push rod of the electric push rod 652 is connected to the pin 653 through a hinge 657. The specific position of the locking mechanism 65 on the vertical loading unit body 64 can be referred to. Figure 4 .

[0043] In addition, the present invention also relates to an application method of a loading unit group automatic combination-multi-axis linkage test equipment, using the above-mentioned loading unit group automatic combination-multi-axis linkage test equipment, comprising the following steps: S1, placing the lower sample 100 on the sample transport mechanism 2 located outside the accommodating chamber 7, and placing the upper sample 200 on the upper end of the lower sample 100; S2, the sample transport mechanism 2 transports the lower sample 100 and the upper sample 200 into the containing chamber 7 and fixes the lower sample 100 in place through the sample positioning mechanism 3; S3, according to the size of the upper sample 200, a corresponding number of vertical loading units 64 are selected to participate in the loading, and the vertical loading units 64 participating in the loading are separated from the vertical loading units 64 not participating in the loading by the locking mechanism 65, and the follower actuator 62 drives the vertical loading units 64 participating in the loading to move to the left until the loading centers of the plurality of vertical loading units 64 coincide with the center of the upper sample 200, and the upper end of the upper sample 200 is loaded by the vertical loading units 64 participating in the loading; according to the size of the upper sample 200, the tangential combined loading unit group 5 automatically combines a corresponding number of tangential loading units 52 to drive the loading head to load the left end of the upper sample 200; S4, vertical and tangential multi-axis linkage loading is performed, the upper sample 200 moves to the right under the loading action of the tangential combined loading unit group 5, and the follower actuator 62 drives the vertical loading unit 64 involved in the loading to move synchronously with the upper sample 200 until the upper sample 200 moves to the specified position; S5, after the test is finished, the vertical loading unit body 64 and the tangential combined loading unit body group 5 participating in the loading are reset, and the follower actuator 62 drives the vertical loading unit body 64 participating in the loading to move rightward and reconnects the vertical loading unit body 64 participating in the loading and the vertical loading unit body 64 not participating in the loading through the locking mechanism 65; S6, the movable resetting mechanism 4 drives the upper sample 200 to reset, and the sample positioning mechanism 3 releases the fixation of the lower sample 100; S7 . The sample transport mechanism 2 transports the upper sample 200 and the lower sample 100 to outside the containing chamber 7 .

[0044] The specific steps are as follows: in the initial state, each vertical loading unit body 64 is located at the right end of the accommodating cavity 7, the lower sample 100 is placed on the body 22 of the sample transport mechanism 2 located outside the accommodating cavity 7, the upper sample 200 is placed on the upper end of the lower sample 100, the corresponding pad assembly 34 is placed at the right end of the lower sample 100 according to its size, and the upper end of the upper sample 200 is placed as follows: Fig. 9The L-shaped plate shown covers the upper end surface and the left end surface of the upper sample 200 to solve the problem that the stress at the tangential loading position and the vertical loading position is too concentrated, resulting in local damage to the sample. At this time, the limit plate 21 is fixed to the pressure plate 25.

[0045] Afterwards, the sample transport mechanism 2 moves into the accommodating chamber 7, and each wheel 23 is located on the support plate 18. The short-stroke cylinder drives the support plate 18 to descend so that the vehicle body 22 fits with the bottom platform 16. The lifting cylinder 9 drives the support seat 10 to descend. The push cylinder 31 applies prestress to the left end of the lower sample 100 so that the lower sample 100 and the cushion block assembly 34 and the reverse support block 35 are pressed against each other. At this time, the limit plate 21 and the pressure plate 25 are loosened.

[0046] Then, according to the size of the upper sample 200, a corresponding number of vertical loading units 64 are selected to participate in the loading, and the vertical loading units 64 participating in the loading are separated from the vertical loading units 64 not participating in the loading through the locking mechanism 65. The follower actuator 62 drives the vertical loading units 64 participating in the loading to move to the left until the loading centers of several vertical loading units 64 are consistent with the center of the upper sample 200, and the upper end of the upper sample 200 is loaded by the vertical loading units 64 participating in the loading; according to the size of the upper sample 200, the tangential combined loading unit group 5 automatically combines a corresponding number of tangential loading units 52 to drive the loading head to load the left end of the upper sample 200, and selects the loading head and adjusts the loading position according to the height size of the sample.

[0047] After the test, the vertical loading unit 64 and the tangential combined loading unit group 5 involved in the loading are reset, the follower actuator 62 drives the vertical loading unit 64 involved in the loading to move to the right and reconnects the vertical loading unit 64 involved in the loading and the vertical loading unit 64 not involved in the loading through the locking mechanism 65, and the mobile reset mechanism 4 drives the upper sample 200 to reset, the sample positioning mechanism 3 releases the fixation of the lower sample 100, and finally the wheel 23 is lifted, the support seat 10 is lifted, and the sample transport mechanism 2 transports the upper sample 200 and the lower sample 100 to the outside of the accommodating cavity 7.

[0048] During the loading process, the upper sample 200 moves to the right under the loading action of the tangential combined loading unit group 5, and the follower actuator 62 drives the vertical loading unit 64 involved in the loading to move synchronously with the upper sample 200 until the upper sample 200 moves to the specified position; In the present invention, the tangential combined loading unit group 5 is equipped with a plurality of tangential loading unit bodies 52, and the vertical combined loading unit group 6 is equipped with a plurality of vertical loading unit bodies 64. For specimens of different sizes and corresponding load requirements, a small-sized specimen is loaded by one tangential loading unit body 52 and one vertical loading unit body 64, and a large-sized specimen is loaded by a combination of a plurality of tangential loading unit bodies 52 and a plurality of vertical loading unit bodies 64. When the maximum load of the maximum specimen is applied, all tangential loading unit bodies 52 and all vertical loading unit bodies 64 are loaded in linkage. The combination of the tangential loading unit body 52 and the vertical loading unit body 64 can avoid too many loading unit bodies acting on relatively small-sized specimens, and can effectively reduce the influence of friction on the movement of the mechanical structure. In addition, during the loading process, the follower actuator 62 drives the vertical loading unit body 64 to move with the upper specimen 200. , realizing vertical synchronous follow-up loading, and in the tangential direction, all tangential loading units 52 provide tangential loading force to the loading head through the tangential moving frame 51, and cooperate with the setting mode of the tangential loading unit 52, the loading head position is adjustable, simplifying the force transmission path, solving the problem of shear loading head position and the problem of efficient force transmission of multi-row and multi-column loading units, thereby improving the test accuracy from multiple aspects; the main frame 1 adopts a side opening 8, which allows the sample transportation mechanism 2 to install the sample for easy entry and exit, and then improves the overall stiffness through the wheel 23 sinking technology, and the combined sample positioning mechanism 3 ensures the constant clamping prestress of the sample during the entire test process; in order to solve the overall stiffness requirements of the large-span frame, a prestressed pull rod mechanism 13 is installed between the left support column 11, the right support column 14 and the large-span beam 12, and the bottom platform 16 and the large-span beam 12.

[0049] The present invention effectively meets the requirements of high-precision loading under a wide range of sample sizes and load conditions, and in particular, solves the real-time full-process centering loading of vertical loads, the adjustable position loading of tangential loading heads, and the loading, positioning and resetting of samples in an ultra-large size range, effectively meeting the high rigidity of the main frame 1.

[0050] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned one embodiment, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making any creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-axis linkage test equipment for automatic combination of loading unit groups, characterized in that: It comprises a main frame (1), wherein a receiving cavity (7) for receiving an upper sample (200) and a lower sample (100) is provided in the main frame (1), and an opening (8) communicating with the receiving cavity (7) is provided at the right end of the main frame (1); A sample transport mechanism (2) for transporting an upper sample (200) and a lower sample (100) from outside the accommodating chamber (7) through the opening (8) into the accommodating chamber (7); A sample positioning mechanism (3) is used to fix the lower sample (100) in place after the upper sample (200) and the lower sample (100) enter the containing cavity (7); A movable resetting mechanism (4) is used to push the upper test specimen (200) to reset after the test; A tangential combined loading unit group (5), the tangential combined loading unit group (5) comprising a tangential moving frame (51), a loading head and a plurality of tangential loading unit bodies (52), the plurality of tangential loading unit bodies (52) being connected to the left portion of the main frame (1), the tangential moving frame (51) being slidably connected to the main frame (1) along the left-right direction, the loading head being connected to the right end of the tangential moving frame (51), and the plurality of tangential loading unit bodies (52) driving the tangential moving frame (51) to move and causing the loading head to load on the left end of the upper sample (200); A vertical combined loading unit group (6), the vertical combined loading unit group (6) comprising a horizontal guide rail pair (61), a follow-up actuator (62), a follow-up force sensor (63), a plurality of vertical loading unit bodies (64) and a plurality of locking mechanisms (65), the horizontal guide rail pair (61) being connected to the main frame (1) in the left-right direction and being located in the accommodating cavity (7), the plurality of vertical loading unit bodies (64) being distributed in the left-right direction and being slidably connected to the lower end of the horizontal guide rail pair (61), the follow-up actuator (62) being connected to the main frame (1), the piston rod of the follow-up actuator (62) being fixedly connected to the vertical loading unit body (64) located at the leftmost side through the follow-up force sensor (63), and adjacent vertical loading unit bodies (64) being detachably connected through the locking mechanism (65).

2. The loading unit group automatic combination-multi-axis linkage test equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The loading head comprises a first loading head (53) and a second loading head (54); the first loading head (53) and the second loading head (54) are both in the shape of strips; the first loading head (53) is connected to the right end of the tangential moving frame (51); the second loading head (54) is rotatably connected to the upper end of the first loading head (53); and the loading position of the second loading head (54) and the upper sample (200) during loading is changed by rotating the second loading head (54).

3. The loading unit group automatic combination-multi-axis linkage test equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The tangential combined loading unit group (5) further comprises a bearing plate (55), a limit block (56) and a screw rod (57); the right end of the tangential moving frame (51) is connected to the bearing plate (55); a vertical guide groove (551) is provided on the right end surface of the bearing plate (55); the loading head is vertically slidably connected in the guide groove (551); the bottom end of the bearing plate (55) is connected to the limit block (56); the screw rod (57) is threadedly connected to the limit block (56) and the upper end of the screw rod (57) supports the loading head.

4. The loading unit group automatic combination-multi-axis linkage test equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The tangential loading unit (52) comprises a tangential displacement sensor (521), a tangential loading servo cylinder (522), a tangential force sensor (523), a force block (524) and a load bearing block (525); the tangential loading servo cylinder (522) is connected to the main frame (1); the left end of the tangential loading servo cylinder (522) is connected to the tangential displacement sensor (521); the piston rod of the tangential loading servo cylinder (522) is arranged to face rightward and is connected to the tangential force sensor (523); the tangential force sensor (523) is connected to the force block (524); a spherical convex surface is provided on the right end surface of the force block (524); the load bearing block (525) is connected to the tangential moving frame (51); the left end surface of the load bearing block (525) is provided with a spherical concave surface; the spherical convex surface is connected inside the spherical concave surface.

5. The loading unit group automatic combination-multi-axis linkage test equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The vertical loading unit (64) comprises a horizontal moving frame (641), a moving guide rail block (642), a vertical guide rail pair (643), a vertical loading servo cylinder (644), a vertical displacement sensor (645), a vertical moving frame (646), a ball joint (647), a loading plate (648) and a vertical force sensor (649). The horizontal moving frame (641) is slidably connected to the horizontal guide rail pair (61) via the moving guide rail block (642). The horizontal moving frame (641) is connected to the vertical loading servo cylinder (644) arranged vertically downward. The vertical loading servo cylinder The top end of (644) is connected to the vertical displacement sensor (645), the vertical moving frame (646) is vertically slidably connected to the horizontal moving frame (641) through the vertical guide rail pair (643), the piston rod of the vertical loading servo cylinder (644) is connected to the vertical moving frame (646) through the vertical force sensor (649), the lower end of the vertical moving frame (646) is connected to the loading plate (648) through the ball joint (647), and the horizontal moving frames (641) of adjacent vertical loading unit bodies (64) are detachably connected through the locking mechanism (65).

6. The loading unit group automatic combination-multi-axis linkage test equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking mechanism (65) comprises a connecting plate (651), an electric push rod (652), a pin shaft (653), a base (654) and a latch block (655); the base (654) and the latch block (655) are respectively connected to two adjacent vertical loading unit bodies (64); the electric push rod (652) is connected to the base (654) via the connecting plate (651); the electric push rod (652) is connected to the pin shaft (653) and drives the pin shaft (653) to move vertically; a limiting hole (656) is provided on the base (654) and the latch block (655); when adjacent vertical loading unit bodies (64) are against each other, the limiting holes (656) of the base (654) and the latch block (655) are coaxially arranged so that the electric push rod (652) can drive the pin shaft (653) to be inserted into the limiting hole (656).

7. The loading unit group automatic combination-multi-axis linkage test equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sample transport mechanism (2) comprises a limit plate (21), a vehicle body (22), wheels (23), a transport guide pair (24) and a pressure plate (25); the bottom end of the vehicle body (22) is rotatably connected to a plurality of wheels (23); the left side of the upper end of the vehicle body (22) is connected to the limit plate (21); the pressure plate (25) is slidably connected to the upper end of the vehicle body (22) in the left-right direction via the transport guide pair (24); and the limit plate (21) and the pressure plate (25) are detachably connected.

8. The loading unit group automatic combination-multi-axis linkage test equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specimen positioning mechanism (3) comprises a push cylinder (31), a thrust measurement sensor (32), a push plate (33), a cushion block assembly (34) and a reverse support block (35); the push cylinder (31) is connected to the left end of the main frame (1); the piston rod of the push cylinder (31) is connected to the push plate (33) via the thrust measurement sensor (32); the push cylinder (31) drives the push plate (33) to abut against the left end of the lower specimen (100) and reach a predetermined prestress; the main frame (1) is connected to a lifting cylinder (9); the lifting cylinder (9) is connected to a support seat (10) located at the right part of the accommodating chamber (7); the lifting cylinder (9) drives the support seat (10) to move vertically; the reverse support block (35) is connected to the left end surface of the support seat (10); and the cushion block assembly (34) abuts between the lower specimen (100) and the reverse support block (35).

9. The loading unit group automatic combination-multi-axis linkage test equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The movable resetting mechanism (4) comprises a movable frame (41) and a resetting cylinder (42); the movable frame (41) is slidably connected to the upper end of the sample positioning mechanism (3) in the left-right direction; the movable frame (41) and the sample positioning mechanism (3) are fixed via a fixing assembly; the movable frame (41) is connected to the resetting cylinder (42); the resetting cylinder (42) drives the upper sample (200) to the left to reset to the left.

10. An application method of a multi-axis linkage test equipment for automatic combination of a loading unit group, characterized in that: The use of the loading unit group automatic combination-multi-axis linkage test equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises the following steps: S1, placing a lower sample (100) on the sample transport mechanism (2) located outside the containing chamber (7), and placing an upper sample (200) on the upper end of the lower sample (100); S2, the sample transport mechanism (2) transports the lower sample (100) and the upper sample (200) into the containing chamber (7) and fixes the lower sample (100) in place through the sample positioning mechanism (3); S3, selecting a corresponding number of the vertical loading unit bodies (64) to participate in loading according to the size of the upper sample (200), separating the vertical loading unit bodies (64) participating in loading from the vertical loading unit bodies (64) not participating in loading through the locking mechanism (65), driving the vertical loading unit bodies (64) participating in loading to move leftward until the loading centers of a number of the vertical loading unit bodies (64) coincide with the center of the upper sample (200), and the vertical loading unit bodies (64) participating in loading load the upper end of the upper sample (200); according to the size of the upper sample (200), the tangential combined loading unit body group (5) automatically combines a corresponding number of the tangential loading unit bodies (52) to drive the loading head to load the left end of the upper sample (200); S4, performing vertical and tangential multi-axis linkage loading, the upper specimen (200) moves to the right under the loading action of the tangential combined loading unit group (5), and the follower actuator (62) drives the vertical loading unit (64) participating in the loading to move synchronously with the upper specimen (200), until the upper specimen (200) moves to a specified position; S5, after the test is finished, the vertical loading unit body (64) participating in the loading and the tangential combined loading unit body group (5) are reset, the follower actuator (62) drives the vertical loading unit body (64) participating in the loading to move rightward, and reconnects the vertical loading unit body (64) participating in the loading and the vertical loading unit body (64) not participating in the loading through the locking mechanism (65); S6, the movable resetting mechanism (4) drives the upper sample (200) to reset, and the sample positioning mechanism (3) releases the fixation of the lower sample (100); S7. The sample transport mechanism (2) transports the upper sample (200) and the lower sample (100) to the outside of the containing chamber (7).

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