A device for exposing aquatic organisms to pollutants and a large-scale simulation continuous dilution method

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of biological toxicity monitoring and ecological toxicity detection, and particularly relates to a pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms and a large-scale simulation continuous dilution method. The device comprises a cylinder with an open top, a buffer zone, a toxicant exposure zone and a water outlet zone arranged in sequence in the cylinder, the buffer zone and the toxicant exposure zone, and the toxicant exposure zone and the water outlet zone are separated by a partition, the partition is perforated, the buffer zone, the toxicant exposure zone and the water outlet zone are provided with an internal circulation system, and the internal circulation system comprises a submersible pump, a circulating water pipe and an aeration assembly. The method simulates the condition that a real water body receives sewage by using the device, the dispersion and dilution of pollutants are achieved by water flow and aeration, the circulation of pollutants and water bodies is achieved by a circulating system, the water inlet flow of the device is achieved by water containing pollutants, the real concentration that organisms can contact is simulated, and the method has strong application prospects in the fields of non-destructive online monitoring of sewage and wastewater and toxicity simulation of pollutants entering large-scale water bodies.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of biological toxicity monitoring and ecological toxicity detection, and specifically relates to a pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms and a large-scale simulation continuous dilution method. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, water quality online monitoring technology is widely applied in nearshore waters (Nearshore Water Quality Online Monitoring Station Operation and Maintenance Technical Guidelines DB / 4403 / T 171-2021), drinking water (Technical Specifications for Online Monitoring of Drinking Water Quality DB3204 / T1006-2019), urban water supply (Technical Specifications for Urban Water Supply Water Quality Online Monitoring System DB37 / T 5042-2015), urban drainage (Technical Requirements for Urban Drainage Water Quality and Quantity Online Monitoring System CJ / T 252-2011) and aquaculture water (Technical Requirements for Online Monitoring of Water Quality in Marine Industrial Aquaculture DB12 / T 584-2015) and other water environments in China, and relevant standards have been formed. The monitoring objects are mainly conventional water body monitoring indicators such as turbidity, residual chlorine, conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, heavy metals and other indicators. This monitoring method is difficult to directly reflect the biological toxicity of water bodies, so it cannot be directly used to evaluate the harm of pollutants in water bodies to human bodies and ecosystems.

[0003] Toxicity online monitoring technology is a monitoring technology based on the stress response of model organisms to abnormal water quality. By monitoring the changes in the behavior of model organisms, water pollution early warning is achieved. Common model organisms include luminescent bacteria (CN101871927A), algae (CN111398617A), fish (CN105259325A), daphnia magna and shellfish, etc. Among them, luminescent bacteria are the most widely used and can be used to evaluate the acute toxicity of water bodies. The Technical Requirements for Biological Toxicity Water Quality Automatic Online Monitoring Instrument Luminescent Bacteria Method DB44 / T1946-2016 specifies the technical requirements for using luminescent bacteria to monitor the biological toxicity of water quality in water sources such as surface water and groundwater. However, its trophic level is low and it is difficult to directly reflect the comprehensive impact of water quality changes on the entire aquatic ecosystem, so other types of aquatic organisms need to be used for toxicity monitoring to supplement the data.

[0004] Upon exposure to pollutants, aquatic organisms enhance their tolerance through endocrine regulation and gene expression regulation. When the concentration exceeds the organism's tolerance threshold, significant toxic effects occur. Aquatic organism toxicity experiments include static, semi-static, and flow-through toxicity tests. Static tests use a steady-state solution for biological toxicity testing; semi-static tests involve changing the exposure solution at fixed intervals to maintain a stable exposure concentration; and flow-through toxicity tests use a constant-flow device to continuously drain the exposure solution, thus stabilizing the toxicant concentration within the experimental container. However, these methods cannot simulate the gradual, cumulative, and chronic toxic effects of pollutants on aquatic species in natural, large-scale water bodies.

[0005] Simulating the impact of pollutants on aquatic organisms after they enter natural water bodies helps to better assess the hazards of pollutants and provides a scientific basis for regulating sewage discharge. Therefore, in-depth research is needed in this area, and industry-recognized equipment and method standards should be established. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms, and to provide a large-scale continuous diffusion and dilution simulation method for pollutants using the device, which simulates the situation of real water bodies receiving sewage and the real concentration that organisms can come into contact with.

[0007] The technical solution adopted is as follows:

[0008] A pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms includes a cylinder with an open top. Inside the cylinder, three areas are arranged in sequence: a buffer zone, a contamination zone, and an outlet zone. The buffer zone and the contamination zone, as well as the contamination zone and the outlet zone, are separated by partitions with a spacing of not less than 20 cm. The partitions are perforated. An internal circulation system is provided for the buffer zone, the contamination zone, and the outlet zone.

[0009] The buffer zone is equipped with a sewage inlet pipe, the other end of which is connected to a filtered sewage tank that is kept at a constant temperature by a heating rod. The outlet zone is equipped with an outlet pipe, the other end of which is connected to a wastewater collection system. The sewage inlet and outlet pipes can be made of rubber or silicone, preferably food-grade silicone pipes without added BPA.

[0010] As a further preferred embodiment, the internal circulation system includes a submersible pump, a circulating water pipe, and an aeration assembly; the submersible pump has a flow rate of 500-1500 L / h, and is placed in the middle of the outlet tank wall, maintaining a distance of 1-3 mm from the tank wall; the circulating water pipe can be made of rubber or silicone, preferably food-grade silicone pipe without added BPA;

[0011] The circulating water pipe is connected with the water outlet of the submersible pump, and the other end is connected to the buffer zone. A hole is opened on the circulating water pipe 0.5-1 cm away from the water outlet, and the aeration pipe and the aeration regulating valve are inserted into the hole. The aeration regulating valve is placed in the air, and the aeration pipe is connected with the circulating water pipe through a hard plastic thin pipe. The thin pipe port inserted into the circulating water pipe is cut at an angle to the cross section, and the short end is directed towards the water outlet of the circulating water pipe to ensure that water flow does not enter the aeration pipe.

[0012] As a further preferred, the pump body of the submersible pump is filled with biochemical cotton between the cylinder body to absorb excrement.

[0013] As a further preferred, the water outlet of the submersible pump is vertically upward, and the water inlet section is directed towards the cylinder wall.

[0014] As a further preferred, the water outlet end of the circulating water pipe is vertically downward, and the water outlet is located in the middle of the buffer zone. The water outlet directions of the sewage inlet pipe and the circulating water pipe are consistent, and the pipe opening of the sewage inlet pipe is located 1-3 cm above the water outlet of the circulating water pipe.

[0015] As a further preferred, the partition plate includes an upper opening partition plate, a lower opening partition plate, and a full opening partition plate. The partition plate is made of transparent acrylic plate material, and a 1-3 mm high fecal groove is left at the bottom.

[0016] As a further preferred, the hole diameter of the upper opening of the partition plate is 1-3 mm, and the distance between the holes is set to 1-2 times the hole diameter.

[0017] As a further preferred, the sewage inlet pipe and the outlet pipe are both powered by a peristaltic pump, and the inlet and outlet flow rates are set to 0.1-10 L / h.

[0018] A large-scale continuous diffusion and dilution simulation method for pollutants uses the above-mentioned pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms. The direction of the sewage inlet pipe is perpendicular to the overall water flow direction in the device. The flow rate of the peristaltic pump of the sewage inlet pipe can be adjusted according to the simulation object. The device is used to simulate the situation of a real water body receiving sewage. The dispersion of pollutants is achieved through water flow and aeration. The circulation of pollutants and water bodies is achieved through a circulating system. The inlet flow rate of the water containing pollutants into the device simulates the real concentration that can be contacted by the simulation organisms.

[0019] As a further preferred, the inlet flow rate of the pollutants is calculated based on the flow rate of the submersible pump, the target water body flow rate of the planned simulation, and the flow rate of the sewage outlet. The calculation method is as follows:

[0020] Q 进水 =Q 循环 ·Q 排污口 / Q 水体 ;

[0021] Wherein, Q 进水Flow of sewage inlet pipe of the device;

[0022] Q 循环 Flow of submersible pump circulation;

[0023] Q 排污口 Flow of real sewage outlet of factory area;

[0024] Q 水体 Flow of target water body, that is, flow of pure water corresponding to dilution;

[0025] The units of the above flows are L / h or m 3 / h.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the advantages of:

[0027] The pollutant exposure device for aquatic organisms provided by the present application uses an acrylic partition plate to divide the overall device into an inlet buffer zone, a poisoning zone and an outlet zone, can simultaneously meet the requirements of homogeneous water inlet and reduced water flow disturbance, can make the poisoning zone of aquatic organisms have no additional stimulating factors except abnormal water quality, reduce false positive phenomena caused by water flow changes and water body disturbance, and simultaneously divide a large enough breeding space, so that the present application can realize both single experiment and group experiment;

[0028] The device of the present application realizes the separation of the poisoning zone and the inlet and outlet zones by setting a hole partition plate with a feces groove, sets an aeration, circulation and inlet and outlet water equipment in the non-poisoning zone, realizes the homogeneous stirring of sewage inlet water and the basic conditions for the survival of aquatic organisms, and simultaneously ensures that the poisoning zone in at least one horizontal direction is free from equipment interference, the cylinder body is set as an ultra-white cylinder, and the abnormal behavior can be monitored through the coupling of the aquatic organism behavior analysis system to realize the monitoring of water toxicity;

[0029] The present application realizes online toxicity monitoring completely through aquatic organism behavior analysis, does not need to perform biological dissection analysis experiments, can truly realize long-term monitoring, and through 2D and 3D monitoring, comprehensively monitors the trajectory, swimming speed, active height, activity, avoidance and other behaviors of aquatic organisms represented by fish in the poisoning zone, and can complete toxicity early warning through abnormal behavior before death, and has strong application prospects in the fields of non-destructive online monitoring of sewage and wastewater and toxicity simulation of pollutants entering large-scale water bodies. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 A pollutant exposure device for aquatic organisms according to the present application;

[0031] Figure 2 A water inlet and outlet partition plate used in the present application;

[0032] Figure 3The potassium permanganate concentration of each area in the present application comparative example 1 changes with the water inlet time and error;

[0033] Figure 4 The sampling point total arsenic relative concentration determination chart in the present application embodiment 3;

[0034] Figure 5 The acetonitrile concentration of each area in the present application embodiment 5 changes with the water inlet time and error.

[0035] 1-buffer area in the figure;

[0036] 2-poisoning area;

[0037] 3-outlet area;

[0038] 4-aeration assembly;

[0039] 5-aeration pipe;

[0040] 6-aeration regulating valve;

[0041] 7-sewage inlet pipe;

[0042] 8-first fixed suction cup;

[0043] 9-circulating water pipe;

[0044] 10-submersible pump;

[0045] 11-inlet partition;

[0046] 12-outlet partition;

[0047] 13-outlet pipe;

[0048] 14-second fixed suction cup. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The attached drawings are only for illustrative purposes; in order to better illustrate the present embodiment, some components of the attached drawings are omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the actual product size.

[0050] For those skilled in the art, some known structures in the attached drawings and their descriptions can be omitted, and therefore, cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0051] In order to make the technical means, creative features, purposes and effects of the present application easy to understand, the present application is further described in detail below in combination with embodiments and attached drawings.

[0052] Embodiment 1

[0053] As Figure 1As shown, a device for exposing aquatic organisms to pollutants comprises a cylinder with an open top, and three zones arranged in sequence inside the cylinder, namely a buffer zone 1, a toxicant zone 2 and a water outlet zone 3. A water inlet partition 11 is arranged between the buffer zone 1 and the toxicant zone 2, and a water outlet is arranged between the toxicant zone 2 and the water outlet zone 3. The three zones are separated by the partitions, and the partitions are perforated to allow water flow and pollutants to pass through. The perforations have a diameter of 2 mm. The distance between the perforations is 1.5 times the diameter of the perforations, so that aquatic organisms with a size less than the distance can be used in experiments using the device. The positions of the partitions are fixed by fixing buckles and special suction cups made of acrylic sheet (i.e. first fixing suction cups 8). The buckles and suction cups are arranged on the sides of the buffer zone 1 and the water outlet zone to prevent affecting the normal swimming of the organisms and filming.

[0054] The buffer zone 1 is provided with a sewage inlet pipe 7, and the other end of the sewage inlet pipe 7 is connected to a sewage tank which is filtered and kept at a constant temperature by a heating rod. The water outlet zone 3 is provided with a water outlet pipe 13, and the other end of the water outlet pipe 13 is connected to a wastewater collection system. The sewage inlet pipe 7 and the water outlet pipe 13 are both connected to a peristaltic pump to provide power.

[0055] The buffer zone 1, the toxicant zone 2 and the water outlet zone 3 are provided with an internal circulation system.

[0056] The internal circulation system comprises a submersible pump 10, a circulating water pipe 9 and an aeration assembly 4. The submersible pump 10 is a common submersible pump used in freshwater fish farming filtration systems. The flow rate of the submersible pump is 500-1500 L / h, and the flow rate can be set within this range. The submersible pump 10 is arranged in the middle of the wall of the water outlet zone 3 and is fixed by using acrylic fixing buckles and second fixing suction cups. The water outlet of the pump is vertically upward, the water inlet section faces the wall of the cylinder and is kept 3 mm away from the wall, and biochemical cotton is filled between the pump body and the cylinder to absorb excrement.

[0057] The circulating water pipe is connected to the water outlet of the submersible pump, and the other end is connected to the buffer 1, i.e. the water outlet of the circulating water pipe 9 is arranged in the buffer zone 1. A hole is opened 1 cm from the water outlet of the circulating water pipe 9, and an aeration pipe 5 and an aeration regulating valve 6 are inserted into the hole. The aeration regulating valve 6 is arranged in the air, and the aeration pipe is connected to the circulating water pipe through a hard plastic pipe. The end of the pipe inserted into the circulating water pipe is cut at an angle to the section, and the short end faces the water outlet of the circulating water pipe 9 to ensure that water flow does not enter the aeration pipe 5.

[0058] As a further preferred embodiment, the water inlet partition 11 is a full-hole partition, and the water outlet partition 12 is a lower-hole partition.

[0059] The holes in the partitions can meet the requirements of different specifications of water distribution systems and pollutant conditions. The design can also meet the requirements of direct exposure to different water depth organisms, such as benthic mussels which can use the lower perforated partition.

[0060] In this embodiment, the cylinder size is designed as 40x23x25cm, the cylinder thickness is 5mm; each partition is vertically inserted into the cylinder to divide the long side of the cylinder into 8cm buffer zone, 22cm exposure zone and 9cm water outlet zone; the sewage inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are 12cm away from the bottom of the cylinder; the sewage inlet pipe is 1cm away from the water outlet end of the circulating water pipe, and the aeration hole is 1cm away from the water outlet end of the circulating water pipe; the bottom of the submersible pump is 8cm away from the bottom of the cylinder.

[0061] In the device, the water inlet partition 11 arranged between the buffer zone 1 and the exposure zone 2 is a full-hole partition as shown in Figure 2

[0062] The size of the partition is 22x24cm;

[0063] The bottom is a fecal tank with a height of 2mm for removing fish excrement;

[0064] The full plate is perforated, with a hole diameter of 2mm and a thickness of 5mm.

[0065] The water outlet partition 12 arranged between the exposure zone 2 and the water outlet zone 3 is a lower hole partition with the same size as the water inlet partition 11.

[0066] The width of the experimental zooplankton is not less than 3mm, so the bottom fecal tank and the hole diameter are both less than 3mm; the cylinder width is 23cm, the partition width is 22cm, and in the presence of manufacturing errors, it can be tightly fitted to effectively prevent strong mobile organisms from leaving the exposure zone from both sides of the partition; the partition height is designed to be slightly lower than the cylinder height to prevent the presence of manufacturing errors from making it higher than the cylinder, which affects the installation of the cover plate later; the cover plate is an optional item, and the main purpose is to prevent fish from jumping out of the cylinder.

[0067] Since fish and shrimp organisms have the behavior of jumping out of the water surface, the water surface needs to be lower than the partition / cylinder height to prevent leaving the exposure zone from above or jumping out of the device; to meet the vertical swimming distance of aquatic organisms, the water surface height is designed as 20cm, the exposure zone size is 22x22x20cm, and the volume is 9680cm 3 (i.e. 9.68L).

[0068] In this embodiment, both group behavior observation and individual behavior observation of fish can be performed, according to the relevant guidelines for freshwater fish farming, the water volume should be 1-2L per tail, and in the experiment performed in this embodiment, 19 small freshwater fish were placed in the exposure device for observation and monitoring.

[0069] ​The method for simulating large-scale continuous diffusion and dilution of pollutants, using the above-mentioned pollutant exposure device for aquatic organisms, the direction of the sewage inlet pipe is perpendicular to the overall water flow direction in the device, the peristaltic pump flow of the sewage inlet pipe can be adjusted according to the simulation object, the device is used to simulate the situation of receiving sewage by a real water body, the dispersion of pollutants is achieved by water flow and aeration, the circulation of pollutants and water body is achieved by a circulation system, the real concentration of pollutants that can be contacted by simulation organisms is achieved by the inlet flow of water containing pollutants into the device.

[0070] As a further preferred, the pollutant inlet flow is calculated according to the submersible pump flow, the target water body flow of the planned simulation and the sewage outlet flow, and the calculation method is:

[0071] Q 进水 =Q 循环 ·Q 排污口 / Q 水体

[0072] Wherein, Q 进水 is the flow of the sewage inlet pipe of the device;

[0073] Q 循环 is the circulation flow of the submersible pump;

[0074] Q 排污口 is the flow of the real sewage outlet of the plant area;

[0075] Q 水体 is the flow of the target water body, that is, the flow of pure water for dilution;

[0076] The units of the above flows are L / h or m 3 / h.

[0077] In this embodiment, Q 循环 measured flow is 1500L / h, Q 排污口 flow is 1200m 3 / h, Q 水体 flow is 5×10 7 m 3 / h, which is about the runoff of Jialing River, and the above parameters and methods can be used to simulate the continuous diffusion and dilution of the discharged water of the factory, park and production enterprise in Jialing River.

[0078] The required flow Q 进水 of the sewage inlet pipe of the device is calculated by the formula, which is 0.036L / h, and the real concentration of pollutants that can be contacted by the small freshwater fish is 0.0024% of the discharged water, taking the concentration of discharged water as 100%.

[0079] The system can be used for normal breeding of aquatic organisms, and the maximum number of adult small fish breeding can be 20. At the same time, the sewage inlet and outlet water system can also be operated to realize the gradual concentration of pollutant exposure of aquatic organisms, simulate the acute / chronic toxicity of pollutants to aquatic organisms and the influence on behavior after the pollutants enter the natural water body under natural conditions.

[0080] Embodiment 2

[0081] A pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms comprises a cylinder with an open top, wherein a buffer zone 1, a contaminated zone 2 and an outlet water zone 3 are sequentially arranged inside the cylinder, a water inlet partition 11 is arranged between the buffer zone 1 and the contaminated zone 2, and an outlet water is arranged between the contaminated zone 2 and the outlet water zone 3. The three zones are separated by the partitions, and holes are punched on each partition to allow water flow and pollutants to pass through. The hole diameter is 2 mm, and the distance between the holes is 1.5 times the hole diameter to improve the diffusion effect of the pollutants. All aquatic organisms with a size smaller than the size can use the device for experiments. The partition position is fixed by using a fixed buckle and a special breeding suction cup (i.e. a first fixed suction cup 8) made of acrylic plate. The buckle and the suction cup should be placed on one side of the buffer zone 1 and the outlet water zone to prevent affecting the normal swimming and shooting of the organisms.

[0082] The buffer zone 1 is provided with a sewage inlet pipe 7, and the other end of the sewage inlet pipe 7 is connected to a sewage tank after filtration and constant temperature using a heating rod. The outlet water zone 3 is provided with an outlet water pipe 13, and the other end of the outlet water pipe 13 is connected to a wastewater collection system. The sewage inlet pipe 7 and the outlet water pipe 13 are connected to a peristaltic pump to provide power.

[0083] The buffer zone 1, the contaminated zone 2 and the outlet water zone 3 are provided with an internal circulation system.

[0084] The internal circulation system comprises a submersible pump 10, a circulating water pipe 9 and an aeration assembly 4. The submersible pump 10 is a common submersible pump in the market for freshwater fish breeding filtration system, and the flow rate of the submersible pump is 500-1500 L / h. The flow rate can be set within this range. The submersible pump 10 is placed in the middle of the cylinder wall of the outlet water zone 3, and is fixed by using an acrylic fixed buckle and a second fixed suction cup. The pump outlet is vertically upward, the water inlet section faces the cylinder wall, and maintains a distance of 3 mm from the cylinder wall. Biochemical cotton is filled between the pump body and the cylinder body to absorb excrement.

[0085] The circulating water pipe is connected to the submersible pump outlet, and the other end is connected to the buffer 1, i.e. the circulating water pipe 9 outlet is arranged in the buffer zone 1. A hole is opened at 1 cm above the outlet of the circulating water pipe 9, an aeration pipe 5 and an aeration adjusting valve 6 are inserted, and the aeration adjusting valve 6 is placed in the air. The interface adopts a tubular hard plastic pipe with an inclined cutting, and the shorter side faces the outlet of the circulating water pipe 9 to ensure that the water flow will not enter the aeration pipe 5.

[0086] As a further preference, the water inlet partition 11 is a full-open partition, and the water outlet partition 12 is a lower-open partition.

[0087] The openings on each partition can meet different specifications of water distribution systems and pollutant conditions, and the design can also meet the direct exposure of organisms to different water depths, such as the use of lower perforated partitions for benthic mussels.

[0088] In this embodiment, the cylinder size is designed to be 35x20x22cm, the cylinder thickness is 5mm; each partition is vertically inserted into the cylinder, dividing the long side of the cylinder into an 8cm buffer zone, a 20cm exposure zone, and a 7cm water outlet zone; the sewage inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are 12cm away from the bottom of the cylinder; the sewage inlet pipe is 1cm away from the water outlet end of the circulating water pipe, and the aeration hole is 1cm away from the water outlet end of the circulating water pipe; the bottom of the submersible pump is 8cm away from the bottom of the cylinder.

[0089] In the device, the water inlet partition 11 set between the buffer zone 1 and the exposure zone 2 is an upper-open partition as shown in Figure 2 , the size of which is 19x22cm, the bottom of which is used for a 2mm-high fecal groove for removing fish excrement, the aperture of which is 2mm, and the thickness of which is 5mm. The water outlet partition 12 set between the exposure zone 2 and the water outlet zone 3 is a full-open partition, the size of which is the same as that of the water inlet partition 11.

[0090] The width of the experimental zooplankton is not less than 3mm, so the bottom fecal groove and the aperture are both less than 3mm; the cylinder width is 20cm, the partition width is 19cm, and in the presence of manufacturing errors, they fit tightly, which can effectively prevent strong mobile organisms from leaving the exposure zone from both sides of the partition; the partition height is designed to be slightly lower than the cylinder height, which prevents the presence of manufacturing errors from making it higher than the cylinder, affecting the installation of the cover plate later; the cover plate is an optional item, and the main purpose is to prevent fish from jumping out of the cylinder.

[0091] Since fish and shrimp organisms have the behavior of jumping out of the water surface, the water surface needs to be lower than the partition / cylinder height to prevent leaving the exposure zone from above or jumping out of the device; to meet the vertical swimming distance of aquatic organisms, the water surface height is designed to be 20cm, the exposure zone size is 20x19x20cm, and the volume is 7600cm 3 (i.e. 7.6L); in this embodiment, both group behavior observation and individual behavior observation can be performed on fish, according to the relevant guidelines for freshwater fish farming, the water volume should be 1-2L per tail, and in this embodiment, 15 small freshwater fish are placed in the device for observation and monitoring.

[0092] The method for simulating large-scale continuous diffusion and dilution of pollutants uses the above-mentioned pollutant exposure device for aquatic organisms, the direction of the sewage inlet pipe is perpendicular to the overall water flow direction in the device, the peristaltic pump flow rate of the sewage inlet pipe can be adjusted according to the simulation object, the device is used to simulate the situation of a real water body receiving sewage, the dispersion of pollutants is achieved through water flow and aeration, the circulation of pollutants and water bodies is achieved through a circulation system, the real concentration of pollutants that can be contacted by simulation organisms is achieved through the water inlet flow rate of the water containing pollutants entering the device.

[0093] As a further preferred, the pollutant water inlet flow rate is calculated according to the submersible pump flow rate, the target water body flow rate of the planned simulation, and the sewage outlet flow rate, and the calculation method is:

[0094] Q 进水 =Q 循环 ·Q 排污口 / Q 水体

[0095] Wherein, Q 进水 is the flow rate of the sewage inlet pipe of the device;

[0096] Q 循环 is the circulation flow rate of the submersible pump;

[0097] Q 排污口 is the flow rate of the real sewage outlet of the plant area;

[0098] Q 水体 is the target water body flow rate, i.e., the pure water flow rate for dilution;

[0099] The flow rate units are all L / h or m 3 / h.

[0100] In this embodiment, the measured flow rate Q 循环 is 1200 L / h, the flow rate Q 排污口 is 1000 m 3 / h, and the flow rate Q 水体 is 5.5×10 5 m 3 / h, which is approximately the runoff of a tributary of the Huaihe River. Using the above parameters and method, the continuous diffusion and dilution of the effluent water of a factory, a plant area, and a production enterprise in a tributary of the Huaihe River can be simulated.

[0101] The required flow rate Q 进水 of the sewage inlet pipe of the device is calculated by the formula to be 2.18 L / h, and the real concentration of pollutants that can be contacted by the small freshwater fish is 0.18% of the effluent water, with the effluent water concentration being 100%.

[0102] The system can be used for normal breeding of aquatic organisms, and the maximum number of adult small fish can be 15. At the same time, the sewage in-out water system can also be operated to realize the gradual concentration of pollutant exposure of aquatic organisms, simulate the acute / chronic toxicity of pollutants to aquatic organisms and the influence on behavior after the pollutants enter the natural water body under natural conditions.

[0103] In this embodiment, potassium permanganate is used as an indicator to simulate the distribution of pollutants, and the concentration of potassium permanganate is determined by using a UV-visible spectrophotometer, and the purpose is to test the effect of pollutant distribution of the exposure experiment device.

[0104] Potassium permanganate is a strong oxidizing agent and can be used for sterilization, but it is also a heavy metal, and due to its strong oxidizing property, it may have toxic effects on aquatic organisms. Based on its heavy metal and colored characteristics, its color is used as an indicator to test the diffusion effect.

[0105] The results of the previous experiments show that within the concentration range of soluble potassium permanganate, the absorbance at 525 nm is linearly related to the concentration, so the absorbance at 525 nm is used to represent the concentration of potassium permanganate for diffusion effect verification.

[0106] Comparative Example 1

[0107] Without adding a submersible pump and an aeration device (other unmentioned places are the same as in Example 1), the potassium permanganate entering the buffer zone enters the water in a vertical downward manner, and forms a 3mm-thick accumulation zone at the bottom of the tank. Due to the setting of the manure tank at the bottom of the partition, part of the potassium permanganate solution spreads to the poisoning area through the manure tank after covering the bottom of the buffer zone, and the potassium permanganate solution group does not significantly diffuse and dilute in the pure water body, because the specific gravity of potassium permanganate solution and pure water is different, so a clear boundary line is formed, which is not conducive to simulating the diffusion effect in the real environment.

[0108] With only the aeration device, the potassium permanganate solution entering the buffer zone is quickly stirred and mixed with pure water under the action of air bubbles. However, due to the lack of horizontal diffusion power, the concentration of diluted potassium permanganate solution in the buffer zone continues to rise (the color continues to deepen) within 10 minutes, but it does not diffuse to the poisoning area. The significant diffusion of potassium permanganate solution to the poisoning area begins about 15 minutes after the start of potassium permanganate water inlet, and the setting of the partition effectively reduces the water flow disturbance in the poisoning area, while the aeration device only provides vertical downward liquid flow power, resulting in that the diffusion of potassium permanganate solution is still affected by gravity and concentration gradient, and diffuses to the poisoning area through the manure tank at the bottom of the partition and the lower aperture. The color of the top of the poisoning area has almost no change within 30 minutes after the potassium permanganate water inlet, and the diffusion effect is still poor.

[0109] Only set submersible pump, and submersible pump is not connected with the buffer zone and the outflow area, the potassium permanganate solution in the case of higher flow water in the buffer zone diffusion effect is general, the reason is that the submersible pump water flow only provides the downward diffusion power, and also because of the lack of horizontal diffusion power, potassium permanganate dilution solution after the water inlet partition hole porosity shows parabolic subsidence, in the poisoning area to form a lighter color of potassium permanganate flow, the flow always exists, the bottom concentration is significantly higher than the top concentration, the outflow area in the experiment after 1.5h no significant color change. The condition is still not ideal diffusion effect.

[0110] Only set submersible pump, and submersible pump is not connected with the buffer zone and the outflow area, the potassium permanganate solution in the case of higher flow water in the buffer zone diffusion effect is general, the reason is that the submersible pump water flow only provides the downward diffusion power, and also because of the lack of horizontal diffusion power, potassium permanganate dilution solution after the water inlet partition hole porosity shows parabolic subsidence, in the poisoning area to form a lighter color of potassium permanganate flow, the flow always exists, the bottom concentration is significantly higher than the top concentration, the outflow area in the experiment after 1.5h no significant color change. The condition is still not ideal diffusion effect.

[0111] At the same time, set up the circulating pump and aeration device connected with the buffer zone and the outflow area, sewage into the cylinder through the water inlet pipe, the poisoning area of circulating water and outflow area of circulating water system to accelerate the transverse diffusion of pollutants from the buffer zone through the poisoning area to the outflow area; At the same time, pollutants will sink or rise freely due to gravity, inertia or density factors, but in this system, the internal circulation system adopts the form of circulating water pipe and aeration assembly, forming "aeration + circulating water" combination, which increases the disturbance of pollutants, so that the pollutants are rapidly diffused in the buffer zone.

[0112] On the one hand, the larger circulating water flow promotes the vertical downward movement of pollutants, and at the same time plays the role of dispersing sewage, on the other hand, the fine bubbles produced by aeration increase the upward dispersion power of sewage, the combination of the two makes the sewage fully mixed in the longitudinal section of the buffer zone.

[0113] Without the installation of "aeration + circulating water" system, pollutants fall vertically due to the lack of disturbance in water, and accumulate at the bottom of the cylinder, and cannot diffuse to the poisoning area due to the lack of diffusion power, while after the installation of "aeration + circulating water" interaction, pollutants are rapidly dispersed under the action of circulating water with greater impact and fine bubbles, and are evenly distributed in the entire buffer zone, which makes the pollutants evenly diffuse from the small holes of the water distribution partition to the poisoning area, and accelerate the horizontal diffusion under the action of the circulating system.

[0114] 9, 27, 9 sampling points are set in the buffer zone, poisoning area and outflow area respectively for sampling, and the potassium permanganate concentration is quantified by using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, and the results are shown in Figure 3 .

[0115] The pollutant concentration of each zone differs little during the water inlet process, which well illustrates that the present application has excellent pollutant diffusion capacity, and the pollutant diffusion capacity in the water flow direction is strong, and the concentration difference of different points in the same zone is small (indicated by the error bar), which also illustrates that the perforated baffle + internal circulation aeration system has excellent dispersion effect on pollutants.

[0116] The pollutants can be rapidly mixed, dispersed and homogenized in the cylinder, which not only can meet the demand of toxicity experiment, but also ensures that the aquatic organisms have sufficient activity range, and can truly simulate the effect of natural water body receiving pollutants and affecting aquatic organisms.

[0117] Example 3

[0118] In this embodiment, the cylinder size is designed to be 36x21x22cm, the cylinder thickness is 5mm; each baffle is vertically inserted into the cylinder, and the long side of the cylinder is divided into an 8cm buffer zone, a 21cm poisoning zone and a 7cm water outlet zone; the sewage inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are 12cm away from the bottom of the cylinder; the sewage inlet pipe is 1cm away from the water outlet end of the circulating water pipe, and the aeration hole is 1cm away from the water outlet end of the circulating water pipe; the bottom of the submersible pump is 8cm away from the bottom of the cylinder.

[0119] As shown in Figure 2 , the baffle size is 20x21cm, the bottom manure groove is 2mm high, the whole plate is perforated, the hole diameter is 2mm, and the thickness is 5mm.

[0120] The experimental zooplankton width is not less than 3mm, so the bottom manure groove and the hole diameter are both less than 3mm; the cylinder width is 21cm, the baffle width is 20cm, and in the case of manufacturing error, it can be closely fitted to effectively prevent the strong motile organisms from leaving the poisoning zone from both sides of the baffle; the baffle height is designed to be slightly lower than the cylinder height to prevent the manufacturing error from making it higher than the cylinder, which affects the installation of the later cover plate; the cover plate is an optional item, and the main purpose is to prevent fish from jumping out of the cylinder.

[0121] Since fish and shrimp organisms have the behavior of jumping out of the water surface, the water surface needs to be lower than the baffle / cylinder height to prevent them from leaving the poisoning zone from above or jumping out of the device; in order to meet the vertical swimming distance of aquatic organisms, the water surface height is designed to be 20cm, the poisoning zone size is 21x20x20cm, and the volume is 8400cm 3 (8.4L); in this embodiment, group behavior observation and individual behavior observation of fish can be carried out, according to the relevant guidelines for freshwater fish culture, the water volume should be 1-2L / tail, so the maximum can simultaneously meet the observation and monitoring of 16 small freshwater fish.

[0122] Using sodium arsenate as a simulated pollutant, the water inlet partition plate was punched in the upper half, and the water outlet partition plate was punched in the full plate. The total arsenic was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the relative concentration change was represented by a heat map. The results are shown in Figure 4

[0123] 1-1~3-3 represents a buffer zone of 1 sampling surface and 9 sampling points, 4-1~12-3 represents a contaminated zone of 3 sampling surfaces and 27 sampling points, and 13-1~15-3 represents a water outlet of 1 sampling surface and 9 sampling points. The concentration change within 100 minutes is recorded. As can be seen from the figure, as the time increases, the concentration of each sampling point increases, and the concentration of each point in the contaminated zone is uniform, without a significant pollutant accumulation zone, indicating that the pollutant dispersion effect is good. Using the upper half of the punched partition plate, it is beneficial to enhance the dispersion of pollutants with water density greater than water in the contaminated zone, and the full plate punched water outlet partition plate can provide a uniform water diffusion power in one direction for the contaminated zone, avoiding local pollutant accumulation.

[0124] Example 4

[0125] A pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms, comprising a cylinder with an open top, the cylinder is internally provided with a buffer zone 1, a contaminated zone 2 and a water outlet zone 3, the buffer zone 1 and the contaminated zone 2 are provided with a water inlet partition plate 11, and the contaminated zone 2 and the water outlet zone 3 are provided with a water outlet, the three zones are separated by the partition plates, the partition plates are punched to allow water flow and pollutants to pass through, the hole diameter is 2mm, in order to improve the pollutant diffusion effect, the distance between the holes is set to 1.5 times the hole diameter, all aquatic organisms with a size less than this size can use the device for experiments. The partition plates are fixed in position by fixed buckles and special culture suction cups (i.e. first fixed suction cups 8) made of acrylic plates, the buckles and suction cups should be placed on one side of the buffer zone 1 and the water outlet zone to prevent affecting the normal swimming and shooting of the organisms.

[0126] The buffer zone 1 is provided with a sewage inlet pipe 7, the other end of the sewage inlet pipe 7 is connected to a sewage tank after filtration and using a heating rod for constant temperature, the water outlet zone 3 is provided with a water outlet pipe 13, the other end of the water outlet pipe 13 is connected to a wastewater collection system. The sewage inlet pipe 7 and the water outlet pipe 13 are connected to a peristaltic pump to provide power.

[0127] The buffer zone 1, the contaminated zone 2 and the water outlet zone 3 are provided with an internal circulation system.

[0128] ​The inner circulation system comprises a submersible pump 10, a circulating water pipe 9 and an aeration assembly 4; the submersible pump 10 is a common submersible pump for freshwater fish farming filter system, and the flow rate of the submersible pump is 500-1500 L / h, and the flow rate can be set within the range. The submersible pump 10 is arranged in the middle of the cylinder wall of the water outlet area 3, and is fixed by using an acrylic fixing buckle and a second fixing suction cup, the pump water outlet is vertically upward, the water inlet section is towards the cylinder wall and keeps a distance of 3 mm from the cylinder wall, and biochemical cotton is filled between the pump body and the cylinder body to absorb excrement

[0129] The circulating water pipe is connected to the water outlet of the submersible pump, and the other end is connected to the buffer 1, that is, the water outlet of the circulating water pipe 9 is arranged in the buffer area 1. A hole is opened at 1 cm above the water outlet of the circulating water pipe 9, the aeration pipe 5 and the aeration adjusting valve 6 are inserted, and the aeration adjusting valve 6 is arranged in the air, and a beveled tubular hard plastic pipe is used at the interface, and the shorter side is towards the water outlet of the circulating water pipe 9 to ensure that the water flow does not enter the aeration pipe 5.

[0130] As a further preferred, the water inlet partition plate 11 is a partition plate with a lower opening, the water outlet partition plate 12 is a partition plate structure with a full opening, and the submersible pump is a 1500 L / h model.

[0131] In this embodiment, the cylinder body size is designed to be 38x21x23 cm, and the cylinder thickness is 5 mm; each partition plate is vertically inserted into the cylinder body, and the long side of the cylinder is divided into an 8 cm buffer area, a 22 cm poisoning area and an 8 cm water outlet area; the sewage inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are 12 cm away from the bottom of the cylinder; the sewage inlet pipe is 1 cm away from the water outlet end of the circulating water pipe, and the aeration hole is 1 cm away from the water outlet end of the circulating water pipe; the bottom of the submersible pump is 8 cm away from the bottom of the cylinder.

[0132] In the device, the water inlet partition plate 11 arranged between the buffer area 1 and the poisoning area 2 is an upper opening partition plate as shown in Figure 2 , the size of the partition plate is 20x22 cm, the bottom is a fecal tank with a height of 2 mm for removing fish excrement, the hole diameter is 2 mm, and the thickness is 5 mm. The water outlet partition plate 12 arranged between the poisoning area 2 and the water outlet area 3 is a full opening partition plate, and the size is the same as that of the water inlet partition plate 11.

[0133] The width of the experimental zooplankton is not less than 3 mm, so the bottom fecal tank and the hole diameter are less than 3 mm; the cylinder body is 21 cm wide, the partition plate is 20 cm wide, and in the case of manufacturing error, it is closely fitted, which can effectively prevent the strong motile organisms from leaving the poisoning area from both sides of the partition plate; the height of the partition plate is designed to be slightly lower than the height of the cylinder body, so as to prevent the height from being higher than the cylinder body due to manufacturing error, which affects the installation of the cover plate in the later stage; the cover plate is an optional item, and the main purpose is to prevent fish from jumping out of the cylinder body.

[0134] Since fish and shrimp species exist out of the water surface behavior, the water surface needs to be lower than the height of the baffle / cylinder, to prevent from leaving the dyeing area or jumping out of the device from above; in order to meet the vertical swimming distance of aquatic organisms, the water surface height is designed to be 21 cm, the size of the dyeing area is 22x20x21 cm, and the volume is 9.24 L; in this embodiment, fish can be observed in group behavior and individual behavior, according to the relevant guidelines for freshwater fish farming, the water volume should be 1-2 L / tail, in this embodiment, 18 small freshwater fish are placed in the device for observation and monitoring.

[0135] In this embodiment, the water inlet baffle 11 is a baffle with a lower opening, which is used to simulate the situation that the natural water body receives the water discharged from the real sewage outlet containing a large amount of aromatic hydrocarbon, petroleum hydrocarbon and other carbon hydrogen organic matter. Since the carbon hydrogen organic matter has low density and relatively low solubility, if a full-opening baffle or an upper-opening baffle is used, all the pollutants may exist on the surface of the water body, which may produce false negative results. Fish will avoid after contacting with abnormal water body, and will dive into the bottom after being exposed to carbon hydrogen compounds concentrated in the upper part, and the swimming height will change. However, since the height at which carbon hydrogen compounds are concentrated is not clear, sampling and monitoring is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Therefore, the lower opening baffle can solve this problem and save manpower and resources. The water outlet baffle 12 is a full-opening baffle, which is used to make the horizontal diffusion power of the water outlet uniform. If only a half-opening baffle (upper opening or lower opening) is used, the concentration on the side without holes may be low or local concentration accumulation may occur, resulting in false positive results.

[0136] A large-scale continuous diffusion and dilution simulation method of pollutants, which uses the above-mentioned pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms, the direction of the sewage inlet pipe is perpendicular to the overall water flow direction in the device, and the peristaltic pump flow of the sewage inlet pipe can be adjusted according to the simulation object. The device is used to simulate the situation that the real water body receives sewage, the dispersion of pollutants is realized by water flow and aeration, the circulation of pollutants and water body is realized by a circulation system, and the real concentration that the simulation organisms can contact is simulated by the water inlet flow of the device containing pollutants.

[0137] The water inlet flow of the pollutants is calculated according to the flow of the submersible pump, the target water flow of the planned simulation and the flow of the sewage outlet, and the calculation method is as follows:

[0138] Q 进水 =Q 循环 ·Q 排污口 / Q 水体

[0139] Wherein, Q 进水 is the flow of the sewage inlet pipe of the device;

[0140] Q 循环 is the circulation flow of the submersible pump;

[0141] Q 排污口 is the real discharge flow of the factory area;

[0142] Q 水体 is the target water flow, i.e. the pure water flow for dilution;

[0143] The flow units are all L / h or m 3 / h.

[0144] According to the target water flow of 5x10 5 m 3 / h and the real discharge flow of the factory area of 1000m 3 / h, the pollutant inflow is 3L / h, i.e. 0.83mL / s. An experimental system for evaluating the toxic effects of light pollutants on aquatic organisms after continuous dilution under the above simulated conditions is obtained.

[0145] The experimental system is suitable for simulating high-concentration organic wastewater with a density lower than that of natural water.

[0146] Acetonitrile is used to represent pollutants with a density lower than that of water to evaluate the effect of the system. The acetonitrile concentration is determined by gas chromatography, and the results are shown in Figure 5

[0147] The acetonitrile concentration in the three zones within 150 minutes is evaluated. It can be seen that the concentrations in the three zones at the same time point are relatively small within the allowable error range, and the concentration error within each zone is very small, and there are no abnormal points of continuously increasing or decreasing concentrations, indicating that the pollutant dispersion is homogeneous, and the system can be used to evaluate the toxic effects of pollutants on aquatic organisms after continuous dilution under the above simulated conditions.

[0148] Example 5

[0149] A pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms comprises a cylinder with an open top, wherein a buffer zone 1, a toxic zone 2 and an effluent zone 3 are sequentially arranged inside the cylinder. An inflow partition 11 is arranged between the buffer zone 1 and the toxic zone 2, and an effluent is arranged between the toxic zone 2 and the effluent zone 3. The three zones are separated by the partitions, and holes are punched in each partition to allow water flow and pollutants to pass through. The hole diameter is designed to be 2mm, and the distance between the holes is set to be 1.5 times the hole diameter in order to improve the diffusion effect of the pollutants. All aquatic organisms with a size smaller than the size can use the device for experiments. The partition position is fixed by using a fixed buckle made of acrylic plate and a special suction cup for breeding (i.e. a first fixed suction cup 8). The buckle and the suction cup should be placed on one side of the buffer zone 1 and the effluent zone to prevent affecting the normal swimming of the organisms and shooting.

[0150] ​The buffer zone 1 is provided with a sewage inlet pipe 7, the other end of which is connected to a sewage tank after filtration and constant temperature using a heating rod, and the water outlet zone 3 is provided with a water outlet pipe 13, the other end of which is connected to a wastewater collection system. The sewage inlet pipe 7 and the water outlet pipe 13 are both connected to a peristaltic pump to provide power.

[0151] The buffer zone 1, the exposure zone 2 and the water outlet zone 3 are provided with an internal circulation system.

[0152] The internal circulation system comprises a submersible pump 10, a circulating water pipe 9 and an aeration assembly 4; the submersible pump 10 is a common submersible pump for freshwater fish farming filtration system, and the flow rate of the submersible pump is 500-1500 L / h, and the flow rate can be set within the range. The submersible pump 10 is fixed in the middle of the cylinder wall of the water outlet zone 3 using an acrylic fixing buckle and a second fixing suction cup, the pump outlet is vertically upward, the water inlet section is toward the cylinder wall and keeps a distance of 3 mm from the cylinder wall, and biochemical cotton is filled between the pump body and the cylinder body to absorb excrement

[0153] The circulating water pipe is connected to the pump outlet, and the other end is connected to the buffer 1, that is, the circulating water pipe 9 outlet is arranged in the buffer zone 1. A hole is opened at 1 cm above the outlet of the circulating water pipe 9, the aeration pipe 5 and the aeration adjusting valve 6 are inserted, and the aeration adjusting valve 6 is arranged in the air, the interface adopts a tubular hard plastic pipe with beveled cutting, and the shorter side is toward the outlet of the circulating water pipe 9 to ensure that the water flow does not enter the aeration pipe 5.

[0154] As a further preferred, the water inlet partition plate is punched in the lower half, the water outlet partition plate is punched in the whole plate, and the submersible pump is a 1000 L / h model.

[0155] A large-scale continuous diffusion and dilution simulation method of pollutants, which adopts the above-mentioned pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms, the direction of the sewage inlet pipe is perpendicular to the overall water flow direction in the device, and the flow rate of the peristaltic pump of the sewage inlet pipe can be adjusted according to the simulation object. The device is used to simulate the condition that the real water body receives sewage, the dispersion of pollutants is realized by water flow and aeration, the circulation of pollutants and water body is realized by the circulation system, the water inlet flow rate of the water containing pollutants into the device, and the real concentration that the simulation organisms can contact.

[0156] The water inlet flow rate of the pollutants is calculated according to the flow rate of the submersible pump, the target water body flow rate of the planned simulation and the sewage outlet flow rate.

[0157] A certain branch of Liaohe River is planned to be simulated to simulate the diffusion effect of sewage, and the cross-sectional flow rate of the planned simulation water body is 5.7 x 10 5 m 3 / h, and the sewage is 3000 m 3 / h, the flow rate of the water inlet and outlet peristaltic pump is 5.26 L / h, which is 1.46 mL / s.

[0158] An experimental system that can simulate the toxic effects of pollutants discharged by a sewage outlet in a tributary of Liaohe River on aquatic organisms after continuous dilution is obtained.

[0159] The experimental system is suitable for simulating high-concentration organic wastewater with a density less than that of natural water bodies.

[0160] The other aspects not mentioned are the same as in Example 1.

[0161] Example 6

[0162] The method of Example 1 is followed, except that a full plate with holes is used for the water inlet and outlet partition, and a 1000 L / h type submersible pump is used.

[0163] The planned simulation water body cross-sectional flow rate is 7.8 x 10 5 m 3 / h, and the sewage discharge is 2000 m 3 / h. The water inlet and outlet peristaltic pump flow rate is 2.56 L / h, which is equivalent to 0.71 mL / s. An experimental system that can simulate the toxic effects of pollutants on aquatic organisms after continuous dilution under the sewage discharge conditions is obtained. The experimental system is suitable for simulating wastewater with unknown density or large changes in wastewater composition / density.

[0164] For such wastewater simulation, it is recommended to use a full plate with holes for the experiment. If toxicity simulation experiments are required, it is recommended to install a side camera or record the swimming height changes of aquatic species with high activity (such as fish, shrimp, etc.) during the experiment. The height change can be used to preliminarily determine the density of the wastewater. For example, if fish significantly float after the wastewater is discharged, it indicates that the wastewater density is large, and vice versa. If the height change is not obvious or is relatively chaotic, it indicates that such wastewater is well mixed under the mixing of the device, and no subsequent experimental scheme adjustment is required.

[0165] It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments in accordance with the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and / or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0166] The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the application. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the application to the exact construction and practice described. Accordingly, all such variations are intended to be included within the scope of the present application as defined in the following claims, along with full equivalents thereof.

[0167] In the description of the application, it is to be understood that the orientation or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "side", "front", "rear", "transverse", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. The orientation terms "inner", "outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the contour of the components themselves.

[0168] In addition, unless specifically stated and limited otherwise, the terms "mounting", "connected", "connecting" should be understood broadly, for example, can be fixed connection, can also be detachable connection, or integral connection; can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection; can be direct connection, can also be indirect connection through an intermediate medium, can be internal communication of two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the specification can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0169] Of course, the above description is not a limitation of the present application, and the present application is also not limited to the above examples. Changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present application should also be within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A device for exposing aquatic organisms to pollutants comprising a cylinder open at the top, characterised in that, The cylinder is internally provided with a buffer zone, a dyeing zone and a water outlet zone in sequence, the buffer zone and the dyeing zone and the dyeing zone and the water outlet zone are separated by a partition plate, the distance between the partition plates is not less than 20 cm, the partition plate is punched, and the buffer zone, the dyeing zone and the water outlet zone are provided with an internal circulation system; The buffer zone is provided with a sewage inlet pipe, the other end of the sewage inlet pipe is connected to a sewage tank after filtering insoluble impurities and using a heating rod to keep constant temperature, the water outlet zone is provided with a water outlet pipe, and the other end of the water outlet pipe is connected to a wastewater collection system; The internal circulation system comprises a submersible pump, a circulating water pipe and an aeration assembly; the flow rate of the submersible pump is 500-1500 L / h, the submersible pump is arranged in the middle of the wall of the water outlet zone and is kept at a distance of 1-3 mm from the wall; the circulating water pipe is connected to the water outlet of the submersible pump and is connected to the buffer zone at the other end, a hole is opened at the buffer zone end of the circulating water pipe at a distance of 0.5-1 cm from the water outlet, aeration pipe and aeration regulating valve are inserted, and the aeration regulating valve is arranged in air, the aeration pipe is connected to the circulating water pipe through a hard plastic pipe, the end of the pipe inserted into the circulating water pipe is cut at an angle to the cross section, and the short end is directed towards the water outlet of the circulating water pipe to ensure that water flow does not enter the aeration pipe; The water outlet of the submersible pump is vertically upwards, and the water inlet cross section is directed towards the wall; The water outlet end of the circulating water pipe is vertically downwards, and the water outlet is located in the middle of the buffer zone; the water outlet directions of the sewage inlet pipe and the circulating water pipe are kept consistent, and the pipe opening of the sewage inlet pipe is located at the upper end of the water outlet of the circulating water pipe at a distance of 1-3 cm.

2. A device for exposing aquatic organisms to pollutants according to claim 1, wherein Biochemical cotton is filled between the pump body of the submersible pump and the cylinder to absorb excrement.

3. The device for exposing aquatic organisms to pollutants according to claim 1, wherein The partition plate comprises an upper hole partition plate, a lower hole partition plate and a full hole partition plate, the partition plate is made of transparent acrylic plate material, and a fecal groove with a height of 1-3 mm is left at the bottom.

4. A device for exposing aquatic organisms to pollutants according to claim 3, wherein The hole diameter of the upper hole of the partition plate is 1-3 mm, and the distance between the holes is 1-2 times the hole diameter.

5. The device for exposing aquatic organisms to pollutants according to claim 1, wherein The sewage inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are both powered by peristaltic pumps, and the inlet and outlet water flow rates are set to be 0.1-10 L / h.

6. A method for simulating large-scale continuous diffusion dilution of pollutants, using any one of the pollutant exposure devices for aquatic organisms according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The direction of the sewage inlet pipe is perpendicular to the overall water flow direction in the device, and the flow rate of the peristaltic pump of the sewage inlet pipe can be adjusted according to the simulation object, the device is used to simulate the condition that a real water body receives sewage, the dispersion of pollutants is realized by water flow and aeration, the circulation of pollutants and water body is realized by the circulation system, the inlet water flow rate of the water containing pollutants into the device simulates the real concentration that can be contacted by organisms; The inlet water flow rate of the pollutants is calculated according to the flow rate of the submersible pump, the target water body flow rate of the planned simulation and the sewage outlet flow rate, and the calculation method is: Q 进水 = Q 循环 · Q 排污口 / Q 水体 ； wherein, Q 进水 is the flow rate of the sewage inlet pipe of the device; Q 循环 For the device submersible pump flow rate; Q 排污口 is the real discharge flow of the plant area Q 水体 Target water body flow, i.e. target water body radial true flow for the planned simulation, in L / h or m 3 / h.

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