Carbon metering system based on cloud pipe edge end collaboration

Abstract

The invention discloses a carbon metering system based on cloud pipe edge end cooperation. The carbon metering system comprises a carbon metering terminal, a carbon metering safety pipeline, a carbon metering edge cloud and a carbon metering center cloud. The carbon metering edge cloud comprises an enterprise end edge cloud, a government supervision mechanism end edge cloud, a third-party certification mechanism end edge cloud and a financial mechanism edge cloud which are nodes in a block chain distributed account book; the carbon metering edge cloud stores real-time carbon emission source original data in a distributed account book and upwards migrates the real-time carbon emission source original data to the carbon metering center cloud, the carbon metering center cloud takes the original data as a sample to regularly train a carbon metering algorithm model, if the difference of trained model parameters exceeds a preset threshold value, training parameters are updated, and if the difference of the trained model parameters exceeds a preset threshold value, the carbon metering algorithm is updated; and the model and the new parameters are issued to the carbon metering edge cloud, the carbon metering edge cloud timely updates the calculation parameters for accounting, and the calculation result is issued to complete real-time display. According to the scheme, the balance between resource allocation and calculation is optimized, the scheduling is flexible, and the response is fast.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of carbon metering and relates to a carbon metering system based on cloud-pipe-edge-end collaboration. Background Art

[0002] Cloud computing technology provides powerful computing power with cheap and large number of computing servers, which can provide users and applications with rich computing resources and storage resources that can be accessed on demand. However, cloud computing is not suitable for applications that require low latency, real-time operation and high QoS (quality of service), and cannot support seamless mobility and ubiquitous computing coverage. Data security and user privacy cannot be effectively guaranteed. Edge computing is close to end users and geographically dispersed, which can support low latency, location awareness, high mobility and high QoS application services. However, edge computing units usually do not have sufficient computing resources and storage resources to meet the computing and storage of massive data, and are constrained by the low power consumption, heterogeneity and single function of edge nodes, which will affect the quality and reliability of services. As two typical computing paradigms, cloud computing and edge computing have their own strengths and weaknesses. Relying on cloud computing or edge computing alone is not enough to realize the vision of the Internet of Things and 5G communications. Therefore, it is necessary to give full play to the advantages of cloud computing and edge computing through appropriate network architecture and control mechanism to achieve computing synergy.

[0003] Cloud-pipe-edge-end collaboration is to realize the coordinated linkage of edge computing with cloud computing and terminals to jointly release the value of data. The traditional cloud-edge collaboration method is mainly that when the terminal device generates data or task requests, the data is uploaded to the edge server through the edge network, and the edge server located in the edge computing center performs the computing task. Edge devices are always generating massive amounts of data. As the amount of data increases and the types of data become more and more abundant, the traditional "data collection-data preprocessing-data analysis" three-pronged approach can no longer meet the requirements of edge data processing in carbon metering application scenarios. It cannot well meet the real-time processing of massive data for carbon metering and carbon emission management. CN118336930A "Electricity Carbon Emission Early Warning and Response System" discloses an electricity carbon emission early warning and response system, which mainly uses a prediction algorithm to control parameters and feedback the response system to solve the problems of delayed response and insufficient early warning when traditional technologies process carbon emission data. However, the patent only provides a theoretically feasible method, and does not take into account the difficulty of executing the method, the requirements for hardware computing power during its operation, and how to achieve the allocation of computing power, storage and other resources during the operation of the entire system. This is a common problem in the existing technology, as follows: 1. The carbon accounting algorithms proposed are often difficult to implement in practice and have high hardware requirements; 2. The entire system either concentrates computing on the edge, which puts high computing pressure on the edge; or it is concentrated in the cloud center, causing data distribution delays and system response lags; 3. The balance of computing power is not fully considered, which is often a technical difficulty. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to address the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a carbon metering system and a scheduling method based on cloud-pipe-edge-end collaboration. The method is based on cloud-pipe-edge-end collaboration, optimizes the balance between resource allocation and computing, and can practically improve the response speed and real-time performance of carbon metering on the basis of existing hardware.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A carbon metering system based on cloud-pipe-edge-end collaboration includes: a carbon metering terminal, a carbon metering security pipeline, a carbon metering edge cloud, and a carbon metering central cloud; the carbon metering terminal includes a data acquisition sensor, a display terminal, and an edge gateway. The data acquisition sensor is used to collect carbon emission source data and forward it to the carbon metering edge cloud through the carbon metering security pipeline. The edge gateway is used to reorganize heterogeneous data that cannot be directly parsed by the carbon metering edge cloud and then transmit it to the carbon metering edge cloud; the carbon metering edge cloud includes an enterprise-side edge cloud, a government regulatory agency-side edge cloud, a third-party certification agency-side edge cloud, and a financial institution-side edge cloud, all of which are blockchain distributed ledgers. The nodes in this book; the carbon metering center cloud is equipped with industry and enterprise greenhouse gas emission accounting methods, international and domestic mainstream accounting standard libraries and a variety of accounting algorithm models, and is updated regularly. The carbon metering edge cloud stores the real-time carbon emission source raw data in the distributed ledger and migrates it upward to the carbon metering center cloud. The carbon metering center cloud uses the raw data as a sample to train the carbon metering algorithm model regularly. If the difference in the trained model parameters exceeds the preset threshold, the training parameters are updated, and the model and new parameters are sent to the carbon metering edge cloud. The carbon metering edge cloud updates the calculation parameters in time for accounting, and sends the real-time calculation results to the display terminal to complete real-time display.

[0006] In the above technical solution, further, the carbon metering central cloud regularly completes the carbon accounting algorithm training, and decides whether to send the trained model and parameters to the carbon metering edge cloud. The carbon metering edge cloud is responsible for calculating the data collected by the carbon metering terminal, and transmitting the calculation results to the display terminal through the carbon metering security pipeline for display. When calculating, the carbon metering edge cloud performs business execution and optimization processing according to the new business rules issued by the carbon metering central cloud computing; users can export carbon inventory reports on carbon metering terminal devices, and can choose whether to report the carbon inventory reports to the carbon metering central cloud or a third-party regulatory agency.

[0007] Furthermore, a computational complexity prediction unit is provided in the carbon metering edge cloud. After the computational complexity judgment, the complex computing tasks are migrated from the carbon metering edge cloud to the carbon metering central cloud for calculation. After the carbon metering central cloud completes the data analysis, the results and data are stored in the carbon metering central cloud or the calculation results, optimized output business rules, models and parameters are sent to the carbon metering edge cloud.

[0008] Furthermore, the carbon metering security pipeline is based on the 4G / 5G network or local Ethernet of the mobile Internet to realize the data transmission function; for data acquisition sensors that are connected to the Ethernet wired, the Ethernet port is used for transmission through the local area network; for data acquisition sensors without Ethernet ports, 4G / 5G network transmission is used, and the data in the channel is encrypted and decrypted using AES+RSA encryption technology. In addition to the data itself, the transmitted data also has the MD5 checksum value of the data in this package. The decrypted data is compared with the MD5 checksum value using the MD5 checksum method to determine the integrity and correctness of the data in this package.

[0009] Furthermore, a carbon metering management cloud platform is provided in the corresponding carbon metering center cloud, including operation and maintenance management, statistical analysis, chain evidence storage, and standard library management modules. The operation and maintenance management module is used to realize the configuration and update of carbon metering accounting methods, carbon accounting boundaries, and emission correlation relationships. The chain evidence storage module is used to record data on the blockchain, so that each data on the chain passes through the consensus mechanism of the blockchain to ensure the security and tamper-proofness of the data. The standard library management module is used to update carbon metering related standards. The statistical analysis module is used to perform statistical analysis on carbon emission data as needed to extract the value of carbon data.

[0010] Furthermore, a carbon metering edge management platform is provided in the enterprise-side edge cloud. For carbon data that cannot be collected by the carbon metering terminal or carbon activity data that does not meet the conditions for online collection, the specific data is manually filled into the carbon metering edge management platform, and the nodes on the blockchain vote to decide whether to upload the data to the chain.

[0011] Furthermore, the government regulatory agency edge cloud is used for the government regulatory agency to view the carbon emission data of each enterprise in real time. If the carbon emissions of an enterprise exceed the limit, a prompt will be given and a warning can be issued.

[0012] Furthermore, the edge cloud of the third-party certification agency is used to provide the data source for carbon measurement certification to the agency that has obtained the carbon measurement certification qualification. The agency obtains the original carbon emission data of a certain enterprise and performs relevant measurements or calculations to give a certification result.

[0013] Furthermore, the financial institution edge cloud is a cloud platform used by financial institutions to conduct carbon sink business. For enterprises whose carbon emissions exceed the limit, they can purchase carbon emissions through the cloud platform for carbon sink business. After the purchase, their annual carbon emissions will increase. Financial institutions calculate based on their actual carbon emissions, the actual carbon emissions of other enterprises, and the carbon emissions allowed by the government, and record the transaction information of each enterprise's carbon sink transactions in the blockchain.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention proposes a carbon metering system and scheduling method based on cloud-pipe-edge collaboration. The entire system optimizes the balance between resource allocation and calculation, is easy to execute, and has flexible scheduling. It can speed up the speed of real-time data processing and the response speed of the carbon metering system, and realize the whole process of "activity data collection-accounting method association-emission boundary management-emission online monitoring" for enterprises. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of the carbon metering system based on cloud-pipe-edge collaboration of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 Flowchart for collaborative scheduling of tasks in the carbon metering system.

[0017] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the working process of the cloud-pipe-edge collaborative computing architecture.

[0018] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of decoupling storage and computing through a virtual machine in the system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the above-mentioned purpose, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation mode of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below. The technical features in each embodiment of the present invention can be combined accordingly without conflicting with each other.

[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a carbon metering system based on cloud-pipe-edge collaboration, including: a carbon metering central cloud, a carbon metering edge cloud, a carbon metering secure pipeline, and a carbon metering terminal. By distributing part of the calculation and data processing from the central cloud to the edge server that is closer to the carbon metering terminal device, the balance between resource allocation and calculation is optimized. The carbon metering system realizes intelligent collaborative management of global task scheduling through the cloud training-edge reasoning mode, supports the release, update, and promotion of multiple models, forms a complete model closed loop, provides a high reliability mechanism for edge services, and ensures that edge node application data is securely transmitted to the cloud. It can realize the enterprise's trusted carbon metering from the entire process of "activity data collection-accounting method association-emission boundary management-emission online monitoring". The system and its scheduling method can become a new bridge for enterprises to build enhanced industry influence and green and low-carbon transformation.

[0021] The global task scheduling process in the system of the present invention is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, specifically including the following: The Carbon Measurement Center Cloud is responsible for carbon accounting algorithm training, and sends the trained model and parameters to the Carbon Measurement Edge Cloud. The Edge Cloud is responsible for calculating the data collected by the Carbon Measurement Terminal, and transmitting the calculation results to the display terminal through the Carbon Measurement Security Pipeline to display them to the user. The Edge Cloud is calculated based on the new model and parameters sent by the Carbon Measurement Center Cloud, and processes the data according to the optimized data processing rules. Users can export carbon inventory reports on carbon measurement terminal devices, and can choose whether to report the carbon inventory reports to the Carbon Measurement Center Cloud or a third-party regulatory agency.

[0022] A computational complexity prediction unit is set up in the carbon metering edge cloud. After the computational complexity judgment, the computational tasks with large computational amount and high complexity will be migrated from the carbon metering edge cloud to the carbon metering cloud center through the Internet for calculation. After the carbon metering center cloud completes the big data analysis, the results and data will be stored in the carbon metering cloud center or the calculation results, optimized data processing rules, accounting models and parameters will be sent to the carbon metering edge cloud through the Internet.

[0023] Edge devices are constantly generating massive amounts of data. As the amount of data grows and the types of data become more diverse, the traditional “data collection-data preprocessing-data analysis” approach can no longer meet the requirements of edge data processing in carbon metering application scenarios. The carbon metering system in the present invention adopts an intelligent scheduling method of “cloud training + edge reasoning”: after the carbon metering edge side collects massive amounts of data, it is cleaned and preprocessed locally and then uploaded to the central cloud, where the carbon metering model is trained with the help of the powerful computing power of the cloud; after the training is completed, the cloud sends the model to the edge side for local intelligent reasoning and decision-making, improving the accuracy and efficiency of edge-side data analysis and processing, ensuring the accurate collection of training data sets and the quality of data preprocessing, thereby forming a virtuous circle, effectively improving data utilization efficiency, and further improving data application effects.

[0024] In the carbon metering system of the present invention, the specific functions of each module are as follows: The Carbon Metering Cloud Center is equipped with a carbon metering management cloud platform, which is embedded with greenhouse gas emission accounting methods for 24 industries and enterprises announced by the National Development and Reform Commission, as well as ISO 14064, ISO 14067, PAS 2050, ISO 16745 and other international and domestic mainstream accounting standard libraries, and supports multiple accounting forms such as emission factor method, material balance method, and actual measurement method, i.e., accounting algorithm models. The main functional blocks of the carbon metering management cloud platform are: operation and maintenance management, authority management, statistical analysis, chain storage, standard library management, and enterprise low-carbon services. The "operation and maintenance management" module realizes the configuration of carbon emission source activity data items, carbon metering accounting methods, carbon accounting boundaries (including enterprise information, accounting units, carbon emission sources, key emission facilities, etc.), association relationships, industry attributes, emission categories, emission source types, etc., as well as algorithm model training, model distribution and other functions. Among them, the chain storage refers to the data being recorded on the blockchain, so that each data on the chain is confirmed by each node on the blockchain and confirmed by the consensus mechanism of the blockchain, so that the whole network can ensure the security and tamper-proof of the data. The association relationship refers to the relationship between each carbon emission source and other carbon emission sources. New carbon measurement standards issued at home and abroad need to be added in time in the "Standard Library Management" to ensure the accuracy of accounting. The country will update the carbon emission factors of different regions and different carbon emission sources every few years, and these data need to be updated in time to the "Standard Library Management". The embedded algorithm is continuously iterated and added, and the newly studied carbon accounting algorithm will be embedded in the cloud platform in time. "Statistical analysis" organically combines the total carbon emissions, direct emissions, indirect emissions, and other indirect emissions, and uses mature data processing and big data analysis technologies, as well as data mining algorithms to extract the value of carbon data.

[0025] Carbon metering edge cloud, including enterprise edge cloud, government regulatory agency edge cloud, third-party certification agency edge cloud, and financial institution edge cloud (involving carbon sink business), are all nodes in the blockchain distributed ledger, which can prevent carbon metering data from being tampered with and ensure data security and reliability. A carbon metering edge management platform is deployed on the enterprise edge cloud to realize functions such as viewing the collected real-time data of carbon emission sources and carbon emissions, quota management, ledger reporting, enterprise inventory, and manual reporting. For carbon data that cannot be collected by the carbon metering collection terminal or carbon activity data that does not meet the conditions for online collection, manual reporting can be used to fill in specific data into the carbon metering edge management platform to ensure that carbon accounting data is not missed. For manually filled data, each node on the blockchain must vote to decide whether to put it on the chain. For manually reported data with high accuracy and recognized by the industry, each node has a high degree of alignment recognition, and naturally the number of votes is also high. The government regulatory agency edge cloud is used by government regulatory agencies to regularly check the carbon emission data of each enterprise. If the carbon emissions of an enterprise exceed the limit (that is, exceed the total amount of carbon emissions that the government allows the enterprise to emit annually), a prompt and warning will be issued, and the government regulatory agency can punish it and order it to make rectifications. The third-party certification agency edge cloud is the data source for carbon measurement certification by institutions that have obtained national carbon measurement certification qualifications. The agency obtains the original carbon emission data of a certain enterprise and uses methods approved by relevant national departments to perform relevant measurements or calculations, and gives the recognition results. Financial institution edge cloud (involving carbon sink business). The financial institution edge cloud is a cloud platform used by financial institutions for carbon sink business. For enterprises whose carbon emissions exceed the national limit, they can purchase a certain amount of carbon emissions through carbon sink business. After the purchase, their annual carbon emissions will increase. Financial institutions can calculate based on their actual carbon emissions and the actual carbon emissions of other enterprises and the carbon emissions allowed by the government, and record the transaction information of carbon sink transactions of each enterprise into the blockchain. The carbon metering edge cloud computing center calculates according to the model and parameters sent by the central cloud, and sends the real-time calculation results to the carbon metering display terminal for real-time display. The carbon metering edge cloud stores the raw data of carbon emission sources collected in real time in the distributed ledger, and migrates it to the carbon metering central cloud through the Internet. The central cloud uses the raw data as a sample to regularly train the carbon metering algorithm model. If the difference in the trained model parameters exceeds the preset threshold, the training parameters are updated and the new parameters are sent to the edge cloud. The edge cloud updates the calculation parameters in time to ensure the accuracy of carbon metering. Since the task of regularly updating training parameters requires massive data, low real-time requirements, and large computing power, it is completed by the central cloud. Carbon metering edge-side applications require rapid response and rapid deployment to obtain the best business experience.The carbon metering edge management platform and related services use technologies such as containers and microservices to quickly deploy and upgrade applications, and implement the management and operation of carbon metering edge applications.

[0026] The carbon metering security pipeline uses AES+RSA encryption technology and MD5 verification method to achieve security protection of data transmission between the carbon metering edge cloud and the carbon metering collection terminal. The carbon metering security pipeline is based on the 4G / 5G network or local Ethernet of the mobile Internet to realize the data transmission function. For the collection terminal that can achieve Ethernet wired connection, the Ethernet port is used to transmit through the local area network; for the collection terminal without Ethernet port, the 4G / 5G network is used for transmission. In other words, the channel of the carbon metering security pipeline is the 4G / 5G / Ethernet network, and the data in the channel is encrypted and decrypted using AES+RSA encryption technology. In addition to the data itself, the transmitted data also has the MD5 verification value of the data in this package. The decrypted data is compared with the MD5 verification method and the MD5 verification value to determine the integrity and correctness of the data in this package. The MD5 verification method is used in this scheme. Compared with the CRC verification method commonly used in the collector, it is more suitable for the carbon metering system. Although the CRC verification has a fast calculation speed and can meet the needs of rapid collection of massive data at the terminal, the CRC verification cannot verify whether the packet is lost. It can only verify whether the data of this package is complete. The present invention adopts the MD5 verification method in the carbon metering security pipeline, because the frequency of data generated by the carbon metering terminal is not particularly high, and carbon metering has higher requirements for the accuracy and continuity of the original data. The MD5 verification can not only verify whether the data of this package is complete, but also verify whether there is packet loss between packages. The 4G / 5G network in the carbon metering security pipeline uses directional IP technology, which means that a few fixed IPs are allowed to access the terminal, which can effectively isolate the attack of illegal IP addresses on the collection terminal and greatly reduce the risk of data theft. The carbon metering security pipeline is a local area network or a 4G / 5G network based on a mobile base station. Only some users can access it. The Internet is a public network that everyone can access.

[0027] The carbon metering terminal includes data collection sensors, display terminals and edge gateways. The collection sensors collect carbon emission source data and forward the data to the carbon metering edge cloud through the carbon metering security pipeline (Internet / 4G / 5G). The edge cloud performs inference calculations based on the existing model and sends the calculation results to the display terminal. The actual carbon emissions, energy resource consumption, key equipment operation, energy conservation and emission reduction can be clearly seen on the display terminal, providing strong support for management departments to discover and solve problems in the first time. The edge gateway is equivalent to an edge microserver. It reorganizes the massive heterogeneous data that the edge cloud cannot directly parse, and transmits it to the carbon metering edge cloud according to the transmission protocol of the carbon metering edge cloud (such as MQTT).

[0028] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 As shown in the figure, a specific working process of a carbon metering system based on cloud-pipe-edge-end collaboration can be as follows: The carbon metering edge cloud has an edge server, which includes an edge data storage module, a lightweight data processing module, a decision module, and an edge data dictionary. The processing process is as follows: a) The carbon metering terminal device sends the collected data to the edge data storage module; b) The lightweight data processing module obtains the corresponding data from the edge data storage module according to the user's requirements; c) The lightweight data processing module performs lightweight big data analysis according to the model parameters provided by the edge data dictionary module and synchronizes them to the edge data dictionary module; d) The decision module feeds back the processing results of the lightweight data processing module to the smart metering terminal to perform corresponding control.

[0029] There is a remote central cloud server in the carbon measurement center cloud, which includes a cloud data storage module, a heavyweight data processing module and a cloud data dictionary. The processing process is as follows: a) The edge server synchronizes the incremental data to the cloud data storage module; b) The heavyweight data processing module obtains the corresponding data from the cloud data storage module according to the user's requirements; c) The heavyweight data processing module performs heavyweight big data analysis according to the model parameters provided by the cloud data dictionary module and synchronizes them to the remote data dictionary module; d) The remote data dictionary module will synchronize the data with the edge data dictionary module according to specific needs.

[0030] The edge server and the remote central cloud server will regularly analyze and mine the stored data to update the data dictionary to ensure the accuracy of decision-making information.

[0031] The edge server described in the present invention is equipped with multiple virtual machines, which are mainly divided into two types: IO-intensive and computing-intensive virtual machines. The IO-intensive virtual machine is mainly responsible for receiving and storing data, while the computing-intensive virtual machine is mainly responsible for lightweight edge computing of data. At the same time, the IO-intensive virtual machine adopts a peer-to-peer mode to receive data sent by the terminal device, such as Figure 4 Decoupling storage and computing reduces interference between businesses, that is, between different data processing processes, and helps to make services more efficient.

[0032] The entire system of the present invention improves the response speed of the carbon metering system through cloud-edge collaboration during operation; and its task scheduling is flexible, which speeds up the speed of real-time data processing; due to the realization of cloud-edge collaboration, it can effectively reduce the computing pressure on the edge side, while achieving decentralization and reducing the delay of cloud center data distribution. The present invention optimizes the balance between resource allocation and computing by distributing part of the computing and data processing from the cloud to the edge server closer to the terminal device. The common method in this industry is that the carbon metering terminal collects the original data, and then transmits the massive terminal data together to the cloud center. After the cloud center calculates, the result is sent to the display terminal. This process takes 5-20 minutes, or even longer. It is improved by cloud-edge collaboration, but the balance point of resource allocation and computing power is difficult to grasp. By adopting the method of the present invention, the balance point of resource allocation and computing power can be close to the optimal point, and the resource storage requirement can be reduced from the EB level to the GB level. The requirement for hardware CPU computing memory is reduced from the GB level to the MB level.

[0033] The embodiments described above provide a detailed description of the technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, supplements and equivalent substitutions made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A carbon metering system based on cloud-pipe-edge collaboration, characterized in that: include: Carbon metering terminal, carbon metering security pipeline, carbon metering edge cloud, carbon metering central cloud; the carbon metering terminal includes a data acquisition sensor, a display terminal and an edge gateway. The data acquisition sensor is used to collect carbon emission source data and forward it to the carbon metering edge cloud through the carbon metering security pipeline. The edge gateway is used to reorganize the heterogeneous data that cannot be directly parsed by the carbon metering edge cloud and then transmit it to the carbon metering edge cloud; the carbon metering edge cloud includes the enterprise-side edge cloud, the government regulatory agency-side edge cloud, the third-party certification agency-side edge cloud, and the financial institution edge cloud. All four are nodes in the blockchain distributed ledger; the carbon metering central cloud The core cloud is equipped with greenhouse gas emission accounting methods for industry enterprises, international and domestic mainstream accounting standard libraries and a variety of accounting algorithm models, which are updated regularly. The carbon metering edge cloud stores the real-time carbon emission source raw data in the distributed ledger and migrates it upward to the carbon metering central cloud. The carbon metering central cloud uses the raw data as samples to train the carbon metering algorithm model regularly. If the difference in the trained model parameters exceeds the preset threshold, the training parameters are updated, and the model and new parameters are sent to the carbon metering edge cloud. The carbon metering edge cloud updates the calculation parameters in time for accounting, and sends the real-time calculation results to the display terminal to complete real-time display.

2. The carbon metering system based on cloud-pipe-edge-end collaboration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The carbon measurement center cloud regularly completes the carbon accounting algorithm training and decides whether to send the trained model and parameters to the carbon measurement edge cloud. The carbon measurement edge cloud is responsible for calculating the data collected by the carbon measurement terminal and transmitting the calculation results to the display terminal through the carbon measurement security pipeline for display. When calculating, the carbon measurement edge cloud performs business execution and optimization according to the new business rules issued by the carbon measurement center cloud computing; Users can export carbon inventory reports on carbon metering terminal devices and can choose whether to submit the carbon inventory reports to the carbon metering center cloud or a third-party regulatory agency.

3. The carbon metering system based on cloud-pipe-edge-end collaboration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A computational complexity prediction unit is set up in the carbon metering edge cloud. After the computational complexity is judged, the complex computing tasks are migrated from the carbon metering edge cloud to the carbon metering central cloud for calculation. After the carbon metering central cloud completes the data analysis, the results and data are stored in the carbon metering central cloud or the calculation results, optimized output business rules, models and parameters are sent to the carbon metering edge cloud.

4. The carbon metering system based on cloud-pipe-edge-end collaboration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The carbon metering security pipeline is based on the 4G / 5G network or local Ethernet of the mobile Internet to realize the data transmission function; for data acquisition sensors that are connected to the Ethernet wired, the Ethernet port is used for transmission through the local area network; for data acquisition sensors without Ethernet ports, 4G / 5G network transmission is used, and the data in the channel is encrypted and decrypted using AES+RSA encryption technology. In addition to the data itself, the transmitted data also has the MD5 checksum value of the data in this package. The decrypted data is compared with the MD5 checksum value using the MD5 checksum method to determine the integrity and correctness of the data in this package.

5. The carbon metering system based on cloud-pipe-edge-end collaboration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A carbon metering management cloud platform is set up in the carbon metering center cloud, including operation and maintenance management, statistical analysis, chain evidence storage, and standard library management modules. The operation and maintenance management module is used to realize the configuration and update of carbon metering accounting methods, carbon accounting boundaries, and emission correlation relationships. The chain evidence storage module is used to record data on the blockchain, so that each data on the chain passes through the consensus mechanism of the blockchain to ensure the security and tamper-proofness of the data. The standard library management module is used to update carbon metering related standards. The statistical analysis module is used to perform statistical analysis on carbon emission data as needed to extract the value of carbon data.

6. The carbon metering system based on cloud-pipe-edge-end collaboration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A carbon metering edge management platform is provided in the enterprise-side edge cloud. For carbon data that cannot be collected by the carbon metering terminal or carbon activity data that does not meet the conditions for online collection, the specific data is manually filled into the carbon metering edge management platform, and the nodes on the blockchain vote to decide whether to upload the data to the chain.

7. The carbon metering system based on cloud-pipe-edge-end collaboration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The government regulatory agency edge cloud is used for government regulatory agencies to view the carbon emission data of each enterprise in real time. If the carbon emissions of an enterprise exceed the limit, a prompt will be given and a warning can be issued.

8. The carbon metering system based on cloud-pipe-edge-end collaboration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The third-party certification agency edge cloud is used to provide the data source for carbon measurement certification to the institution that has obtained the carbon measurement certification qualification. The institution obtains the original carbon emission data of a certain enterprise and performs relevant measurements or calculations to give the certification results.

9. The carbon metering system based on cloud-pipe-edge-end collaboration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The financial institution edge cloud is a cloud platform used by financial institutions to conduct carbon sink business. Enterprises whose carbon emissions exceed the limit can purchase carbon emissions through the cloud platform. After the purchase, their annual carbon emissions will increase. Financial institutions calculate based on their actual carbon emissions, the actual carbon emissions of other enterprises, and the carbon emissions allowed by the government, and record the transaction information of each enterprise's carbon sink transactions in the blockchain.

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