A solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system capable of measuring remaining hydrogen content and a hydrogen-powered two-wheeler

Abstract

The present invention discloses a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system and a hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicle capable of measuring the amount of remaining hydrogen. The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen supply module, an air supply module, a hydrogen degassing heating module, and a battery management control module. The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system provided by the present invention can control the temperature of the intake air and can regulate the humidity of the supplied air, which is conducive to obtaining higher battery efficiency; and the present invention is combined with a hydrogen supply control unit for intake air temperature control, and the hydrogen remaining amount estimation submodule adopts a specific algorithm to realize the estimation of the remaining hydrogen amount, and then optimizes the hydrogen degassing temperature according to the estimation result of the remaining hydrogen amount, and appropriately increases the hydrogen degassing temperature, which can compensate for the decrease in the hydrogen degassing rate caused by the decrease in the remaining hydrogen amount, so that the hydrogen degassing rate can be maintained near the set value, thereby better ensuring the supply of hydrogen.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of hydrogen fuel cells, and in particular to a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system capable of measuring the amount of remaining hydrogen and a hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicle. Background Art

[0002] With the development of hydrogen energy and fuel cells, the high cost of high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, low volume hydrogen storage density, high safety risks, high hydrogen charging energy consumption, and other shortcomings have restricted the development and application of hydrogen energy and fuel cells. Solid-state hydrogen storage has high volume hydrogen storage density, low pressure, high safety, and low charging and discharging energy consumption, which better solves the shortcomings of high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, and therefore has broad application prospects.

[0003] As an environmentally friendly and efficient means of transportation, hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicles can provide citizens with a convenient and comfortable way of travel. Hydrogen-powered electric vehicles based on solid-state hydrogen storage technology use hydrogen fuel cells as energy supply mechanisms, with the advantages of fast hydrogen filling speed, long driving range, safer use of hydrogen, and low carbon and environmental protection.

[0004] A hydrogen fuel cell is a power generation device that directly converts the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy. It is a green and environmentally friendly form of energy utilization. Its basic principle is the reverse reaction of water electrolysis. Hydrogen is oxidized into hydrogen ions (protons) and electrons at the anode (positive electrode). The electrons flow to the cathode (negative electrode) through an external circuit, while the hydrogen ions reach the cathode through the electrolyte membrane. At the cathode, hydrogen ions combine with oxygen to form water and release electrical energy at the same time. A large amount of heat is generated during the reaction. This part of the waste heat is carried by the exhaust gas and blown away by the fuel cell fan. Generally, since the efficiency of the fuel cell is about 50%, the heat power carried by the exhaust gas is equivalent to the power of the fuel cell, resulting in a large waste of heat generated by the fuel cell.

[0005] The information on the remaining amount of hydrogen is crucial to the cruising range of fuel cell system vehicles. In the actual operation of the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell, the remaining amount of hydrogen needs to be monitored in real time so that users can better understand the cruising range of the fuel cell system based on solid-state hydrogen storage. At present, the remaining amount of hydrogen in solid hydrogen storage is usually measured by weighing. The remaining amount of hydrogen is estimated by weighing the weight change of the solid-state hydrogen storage product. Before the hydrogen storage material is filled with hydrogen, its initial weight is recorded. Then, the weight change of the hydrogen storage material is weighed regularly during use. By calculating the difference in weight, the remaining amount of hydrogen can be estimated. However, for hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicles that use solid-state hydrogen storage, it is difficult to monitor the weight of solid-state hydrogen storage products during operation. In addition, mass flow meters are also used to detect the amount of hydrogen released by solid-state hydrogen storage to estimate the remaining amount of hydrogen, but mass flow meters are usually expensive and large in size, which will increase the complexity and cost of the fuel system. To this end, some hydrogen content monitoring schemes are provided in the prior art, such as CN111731155B hydrogen fuel cell vehicle hydrogen consumption measurement method and device, CN116608408A alloy hydrogen storage system, remaining hydrogen measurement method, device, equipment and storage medium, CN118117126A a fuel cell system remaining hydrogen estimation device, method, computer-readable storage medium and product based on solid-state hydrogen storage, etc. However, these schemes still have shortcomings such as complex methods or are not suitable for application in hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicles, and need to be further optimized.

[0006] In the stack of a hydrogen fuel cell system, the temperature and humidity of the intake air will affect the efficiency of the stack. For example, under appropriate high temperature conditions, the fuel cell reaction rate is faster and the output power is higher. By properly heating the intake air to a certain temperature, the efficiency of the stack can be effectively improved (Liu Yongfeng, Wang Na. Experimental study on the effect of intake air temperature on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells [J]. Journal of Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2016, 32(2):5. DOI: CNKI: SUN: BJJZ.0.2016-02-009.). Therefore, by controlling the temperature and humidity of the intake air, it is beneficial to improve the efficiency of the battery. Patent CN117613297B discloses a thermal management system for a hydrogen storage tank for a hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicle, which can realize the utilization of waste heat in the exhaust gas of the fuel cell, but it does not have the function of controlling the intake air temperature and humidity.

[0007] Therefore, it is necessary to improve the existing technology to provide a more reliable solution. Summary of the invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system and a hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicle capable of measuring the remaining hydrogen amount in view of the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: In a first aspect of the present invention, a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system capable of measuring the amount of remaining hydrogen is provided, comprising a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen supply module, an air supply module, a hydrogen degassing heating module and a battery management control module;

[0010] The battery management control module includes an air intake control submodule, a hydrogen remaining amount estimation submodule and a hydrogen discharge temperature control submodule;

[0011] The hydrogen supply module includes a hydrogen storage bottle filled with a solid hydrogen storage alloy, a hydrogen supply pipeline connecting the hydrogen storage bottle to the fuel cell stack, and a first temperature sensor, a first heater, and a second temperature sensor sequentially arranged on the hydrogen supply pipeline along the air flow direction;

[0012] The hydrogen remainder estimation submodule is used to estimate the remaining hydrogen content in the hydrogen storage bottle. The estimation method is: according to the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor, the hydrogen temperature before and after being heated by the first heater is respectively obtained, and the average temperature rise value in the time interval from the initial moment to the current moment is obtained, and then the total heat supplied to the hydrogen by the first heater from the initial moment to the current moment through heating is obtained, and then the total heat, the temperature rise value and the specific heat capacity of hydrogen are used to obtain the total mass of hydrogen passing through the heater from the initial moment to the current moment by using the heat calculation formula, that is, the hydrogen consumption, and finally the remaining hydrogen content is obtained by subtracting the hydrogen consumption from the hydrogen mass in the hydrogen storage bottle at the initial moment known in advance, and the remaining hydrogen content is the mass content of hydrogen.

[0013] Preferably, the hydrogen remaining amount estimation submodule estimates the remaining hydrogen content by the following method:

[0014] S1. Calculate the average temperature rise:

[0015] From the initial time t0 to the current time, n time nodes are taken at intervals during the working time of the first heater, and are recorded as t1, t2, ..., t n ; Among them, t1 is the time greater than t0, t n The last working moment of the first heater;

[0016] Get the temperature rise value at each time node: temperature rise value = temperature value of the second temperature sensor minus temperature value of the first temperature sensor, the temperature rise value of the first time node is recorded as △T1, the temperature rise value of the second time node is recorded as △T2, ..., the temperature rise value of the nth time node is recorded as △T n ;

[0017] Calculate t0 to t using the following formula All The average temperature rise ΔT within a certain time period:

[0018]

[0019] S2. By obtaining the total energy Q0 consumed by the first heater from the initial moment to the current moment, the total heat Q1 supplied to the hydrogen by the first heater during the time period is calculated, Q1=Q0×η, where η represents the heating efficiency of the first heater, which is a known value obtained in advance;

[0020] According to the heat calculation formula:

[0021] Q = cm(t-t0), Q represents the amount of heat absorbed, m represents the mass of hydrogen, c represents the specific heat capacity of hydrogen, t0 represents the initial temperature value, and t represents the final temperature value;

[0022] get Thus, the total mass of hydrogen entering the first heater from the initial moment to the current moment is estimated, that is, the consumption of hydrogen, which is recorded as m x ;

[0023] S3, finally, the total mass M of hydrogen contained in the hydrogen storage bottle at the initial moment minus the consumption m of hydrogen x , that is, the remaining hydrogen amount is obtained, recorded as m t .

[0024] Preferably, the hydrogen supply module further includes a first gas pressure-stabilizing valve disposed on the hydrogen supply pipeline and between the hydrogen storage bottle and the first temperature sensor, and a hydrogen intake solenoid valve disposed on the hydrogen supply pipeline and between the first heater and the fuel cell stack.

[0025] Preferably, the air supply module includes an air supply pipeline connecting external air to the fuel cell stack, and an air filter, an air compression pump, a second gas pressure regulating valve, a second heater, a third temperature sensor, a humidifier, a dehumidifier, a humidity sensor, and an air intake solenoid valve arranged in sequence on the air pipeline along the air flow direction.

[0026] Preferably, the air intake control submodule includes a hydrogen supply control unit and an air supply control unit, for controlling the hydrogen supply module and the air supply module respectively;

[0027] Among them, the control method of the hydrogen supply control unit is:

[0028] Control the first gas pressure regulating valve and the hydrogen inlet valve to make the hydrogen reach the set pressure and flow rate, control the first heater to heat the hydrogen so that the temperature value detected by the second temperature sensor reaches the set value, and then supply the hydrogen to the fuel cell stack;

[0029] Among them, the control method of the air supply control unit is:

[0030] The air compression pump, the second gas pressure-stabilizing valve, and the air intake valve are controlled to make the air reach the set pressure and flow rate, the second heater is controlled to heat the hydrogen so that the temperature value detected by the third temperature sensor reaches the set value, and the humidifier and dehumidifier are controlled so that the humidity value detected by the humidity sensor reaches the set value; when the humidity is too high, the dehumidifier is controlled to work and the humidifier is not to work, and when the humidity is too low, the humidifier is controlled to work and the dehumidifier is not to work.

[0031] Preferably, the hydrogen discharge heating module includes a heating jacket covering the outside of the hydrogen storage bottle, a heat transfer medium delivery pipeline connected to the medium outlet of the heating jacket, a heat transfer medium return pipeline connected to the medium inlet of the heating jacket, an exhaust gas heat exchanger and a third heater arranged on the heat transfer medium return pipeline, a fourth temperature sensor arranged on the heat transfer medium return pipeline and between the third heater and the hydrogen storage bottle, and a medium buffer bottle, a medium pump, and a medium flow valve sequentially arranged on the heat transfer medium delivery pipeline along the flow direction of the heat transfer medium;

[0032] The heating jacket heats the hydrogen storage bottle through the flowable heat transfer medium filled inside, the end of the heat transfer medium delivery pipeline is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the exhaust gas heat exchanger, and the inlet end of the heat transfer medium return pipeline is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the exhaust gas heat exchanger to recover the waste heat of the exhaust gas entering the exhaust pipe through heat exchange with the heat transfer medium.

[0033] Preferably, the fuel cell stack is provided with a tail gas emission pipe, which is connected to the heat medium inlet of the tail gas heat exchanger. The reaction products and unreacted hydrogen and air of the fuel cell stack enter the tail gas heat exchanger through the tail gas emission pipe, and are discharged from the heat medium outlet after heat exchange and cooling. The heat transfer medium transported by the heat transfer medium transport pipeline enters the refrigerant inlet of the tail gas heat exchanger, is discharged from the refrigerant outlet after heat exchange and heating, and then enters the heating jacket after passing through the third heater to heat the hydrogen storage bottle.

[0034] Preferably, the hydrogen desorption temperature control submodule includes a hydrogen desorption temperature optimization module and a hydrogen desorption control module. The hydrogen desorption temperature control submodule is used to control the third heating module. The control method is:

[0035] 1) Preset the initial minimum hydrogen discharge temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle as T0;

[0036] The current time is t, and the remaining hydrogen amount m in the hydrogen storage bottle at this time is obtained through the hydrogen remaining amount estimation submodule. t ;

[0037] 2) The hydrogen desorption temperature optimization module is based on the initial minimum hydrogen desorption temperature T0 and the remaining hydrogen amount m at the current moment. t , the current optimized minimum dehydrogenation temperature T is obtained by analysis0t ;

[0038] 3) The hydrogen release control module first controls the third heater to not work, and compares the temperature value Ts detected by the fourth temperature sensor with the optimized minimum hydrogen release temperature T 0t The size of 0t otherwise, the third heater is controlled to operate to heat the heat transfer medium discharged from the exhaust heat exchanger, so that the temperature value detected by the fourth temperature sensor reaches T 0t .

[0039] Preferably, the hydrogen desorption temperature optimization module uses a machine learning-based method to optimize the minimum hydrogen desorption temperature according to the value of the remaining hydrogen amount. The hydrogen desorption temperature optimization module is constructed by the following steps:

[0040] 2-1) Construct training data set S:

[0041] 2-1-1) The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system is used to obtain the following data using the same solid-state hydrogen storage alloy:

[0042] When the initial hydrogen release temperature is T1, the initial hydrogen release rate is detected and recorded as V0. Then, under different residual hydrogen contents, the heating temperature is increased to keep the hydrogen release rate at V0. The residual hydrogen contents C of each i The corresponding temperature T i , i = 10-80, T1, V0, C i 、T i Combine into a training data s;

[0043] 2-1-2) changing the initial hydrogen release temperature, obtaining a number of training data in the same manner as step 2-1-1), combining all the training data to obtain a training data set S;

[0044] 2-2) Model training:

[0045] Using the training data set S, T1, V0, C i is the input, T i The CNN convolutional neural network is trained as the target output, and the hydrogen desorption temperature optimization module is obtained after the training is completed.

[0046] In a second aspect of the present invention, a hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicle is provided, which comprises the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system as described above, a hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicle body and a driving system, wherein the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system provides electrical energy to the driving system to realize the driving of the hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicle body.

[0047] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0048] The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system provided by the present invention can control the temperature of the intake air and regulate the humidity of the supplied air, which is conducive to obtaining higher battery efficiency; and the present invention is combined with a hydrogen supply control unit for intake air temperature control, and the hydrogen remaining amount estimation submodule adopts a specific algorithm to realize the estimation of the remaining hydrogen amount, and then optimizes the hydrogen release temperature according to the estimation result of the remaining hydrogen amount, and appropriately increases the hydrogen release temperature, which can compensate for the decrease in the hydrogen release rate caused by the decrease in the remaining hydrogen amount, so that the hydrogen release rate can be maintained near the set value, thereby better ensuring the supply of hydrogen;

[0049] In the present invention, a method based on machine learning is adopted to train the CNN convolutional neural network through training data. Through the experience accumulation and data learning ability of the model, the relationship between the change of the hydrogen desorption rate and the hydrogen content and the relationship between the hydrogen desorption rate and the hydrogen desorption temperature at different initial hydrogen desorption temperatures are obtained, so that the hydrogen desorption temperature required to maintain the hydrogen desorption rate at a set value under different residual hydrogen contents can be obtained, and hydrogen desorption control is performed accordingly, so as to ensure a stable supply of hydrogen and minimize energy consumption.

[0050] The present invention can also make full use of the heat in the tail gas of the fuel cell stack and use it to supply the heat required for hydrogen release, thereby improving the efficiency of the fuel cell.

[0051] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention and implement it according to the contents of the specification, the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The specific implementation of the present invention is given in detail by the following embodiments and their accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] Figure 1 This is a principle block diagram of the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system of Example 1;

[0053] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system according to Example 1;

[0054] Figure 3 is a principle block diagram of a battery management control module of Example 1;

[0055] Figure 4 is a principle block diagram of the air intake control submodule of Example 1;

[0056] Figure 5 This is a principle block diagram of the hydrogen release temperature control submodule of Example 1;

[0057] Figure 6 A flow chart of estimating the remaining hydrogen content by the hydrogen remaining estimation submodule in Example 1;

[0058] Figure 7 This is a flow chart of the control method of the hydrogen discharge temperature control submodule in Example 1;

[0059] Figure 8 This is a flow chart for constructing the hydrogen release temperature optimization module in Example 1;

[0060] Fig. 9 This is a flowchart of the specific method for constructing the training data set S in Example 1.

[0061] Fig.10 The hydrogen release performance test results in Example 1 are shown in FIG.

[0062] Description of reference numerals:

[0063] 1—fuel cell stack; 10—exhaust pipe;

[0064] 2—hydrogen supply module; 20—hydrogen supply pipeline; 21—hydrogen storage bottle; 22—first gas pressure regulating valve; 23—first temperature sensor; 24—first heater; 25—second temperature sensor; 26—hydrogen intake solenoid valve;

[0065] 3—air supply module; 30—air supply pipeline; 31—air filter; 32—air compression pump; 33—second gas pressure regulating valve; 34—second heater; 35—third temperature sensor; 36—humidifier; 37—dehumidifier; 38—humidity sensor; 39—air intake solenoid valve;

[0066] 4—hydrogen release heating module; 40—heating jacket; 41—heat transfer medium delivery pipeline; 42—heat transfer medium return pipeline; 43—exhaust gas heat exchanger; 44—third heater; 45—fourth temperature sensor; 46—medium buffer bottle; 47—medium pump; 48—medium flow valve; 400—heat transfer medium inlet; 401—heat transfer medium outlet;

[0067] 5—battery management control module; 50—air intake control submodule; 51—hydrogen remaining estimation submodule; 52—hydrogen desorption temperature control submodule; 500—hydrogen supply control unit; 501—air supply control unit; 520—hydrogen desorption temperature optimization module; 521—hydrogen desorption control module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.

[0069] It should be understood that terms such as “having”, “including” and “comprising” used herein do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0070] Example 1

[0071] Reference Figure 1-5 , this embodiment provides a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system capable of measuring the amount of remaining hydrogen, including a fuel cell stack 1, a hydrogen supply module 2, an air supply module 3, a hydrogen release heating module 4 and a battery management control module 5;

[0072] The battery management control module 5 includes an air intake control submodule 50, a hydrogen remaining amount estimation submodule 51 and a hydrogen release temperature control submodule 52;

[0073] The hydrogen supply module 2 includes a hydrogen storage bottle 21 filled with solid hydrogen storage alloy, a hydrogen supply pipeline 20 connecting the hydrogen storage bottle 21 to the fuel cell stack 1, a first temperature sensor 23, a first heater 24 and a second temperature sensor 25 arranged in sequence on the hydrogen supply pipeline 20 along the air flow direction.

[0074] The hydrogen supply module 2 also includes a first gas pressure regulating valve 22 disposed on the hydrogen supply pipeline 20 and between the hydrogen storage bottle 21 and the first temperature sensor 23, and a hydrogen gas intake solenoid valve 26 disposed on the hydrogen supply pipeline 20 and between the first heater 24 and the fuel cell stack 1. The first gas pressure regulating valve 22 and the hydrogen gas intake solenoid valve 26 cooperate to control the supply of hydrogen at a set pressure and flow rate.

[0075] The air supply module 3 includes an air supply pipeline 30 connecting the external air to the fuel cell stack 1, and an air filter 31, an air compression pump 32, a second gas pressure regulating valve 33, a second heater 34, a third temperature sensor 35, a humidifier 36, a dehumidifier 37, a humidity sensor 38, and an air intake solenoid valve 39, which are sequentially arranged on the air pipeline along the air flow direction. The air compression pump 32 is used to draw in external air and compress it for supply, the air filter 31 filters the incoming air, and the second gas pressure regulating valve 33 is used to ensure that the air is discharged at a set pressure for supply.

[0076] The air intake control submodule 50 includes a hydrogen supply control unit 500 and an air supply control unit 501, which are used to control the hydrogen supply module 2 and the air supply module 3 respectively;

[0077] The control method of the hydrogen supply control unit 500 is as follows:

[0078] The first gas pressure regulating valve 22 and the hydrogen inlet valve are controlled to make the hydrogen reach the set pressure and flow rate, and the first heater 24 is controlled to heat the hydrogen so that the temperature value detected by the second temperature sensor 25 reaches the set value, and then the hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell stack 1;

[0079] The control method of the air supply control unit 501 is as follows:

[0080] The air compression pump 32, the second gas pressure-stabilizing valve 33 and the air intake valve are controlled to make the air reach the set pressure and flow rate, the second heater 34 is controlled to heat the hydrogen so that the temperature value detected by the third temperature sensor 35 reaches the set value, and the humidifier 36 and the dehumidifier 37 are controlled so that the humidity value detected by the humidity sensor 38 reaches the set value; when the humidity is too high, the dehumidifier 37 is controlled to work and the humidifier 36 is not worked, and when the humidity is too low, the humidifier 36 is controlled to work and the dehumidifier 37 is not worked.

[0081] In the stack 13 of the hydrogen fuel cell system, the temperature of the intake air will affect the efficiency of the stack 13. The main reasons include: the influence of temperature on the transmission of hydrogen, the influence of temperature on the reaction kinetics, the influence of temperature on the proton channel, etc. For example, under appropriate high temperature conditions, the reaction rate of the fuel cell is faster and the output power is higher. By properly heating the intake air to a certain value, the efficiency of the stack 1 can be effectively improved; at the same time, the humidity of the intake air will affect the performance of the proton membrane and the hydrogen permeation current, so the intake air humidity will also have a certain impact on the performance of the stack 1 (Liu Yongfeng, Wang Na. Experimental study on the influence of intake air temperature on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells [J]. Journal of Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2016, 32 (2): 5. DOI: CNKI: SUN: BJJZ. 0. 2016-02-009.).

[0082] The present invention provides a first heater 24 and a second heater 34 and performs feedback control with the detection results of two temperature sensors (second temperature sensor 25 and third temperature sensor 35) at the corresponding air inlet end of the stack 1, so that the air and hydrogen intake temperatures can be supplied according to the set temperature (with a small range of fluctuations); at the same time, by providing a humidifier 36 and a dehumidifier 37 on the air intake side, the air can be supplied according to the set humidity; since the air is introduced from the outside, its humidity depends on the external environment and fluctuates greatly, and controlling the air humidity is very helpful for improving the efficiency of the stack 1. Hydrogen is released by the hydrogen storage alloy in the hydrogen storage bottle 21, and its humidity does not change much, so it does not need to be controlled. For the hydrogen temperature, air temperature and humidity in the intake air, the optimal values ​​are determined in advance by experiments based on the specific hydrogen storage alloy used. For example, in this embodiment, LaNi5 hydrogen storage alloy is used, and the hydrogen temperature and air temperature are both set to 60°C, and the air humidity is set to 70%.

[0083] The hydrogen remainder estimation submodule 51 is used to estimate the remaining hydrogen content in the hydrogen storage bottle 21. The estimation method is: according to the first temperature sensor 23 and the second temperature sensor 25, the hydrogen temperature before and after being heated by the first heater 24 is obtained respectively, and the average temperature rise value in the time interval from the initial moment to the current moment is obtained, and then the total heat supplied to the hydrogen by the first heater 24 from the initial moment to the current moment through heating is obtained, and then the total heat, the temperature rise value and the specific heat capacity of hydrogen are used to obtain the total mass of hydrogen passing through the heater from the initial moment to the current moment by using the heat calculation formula, that is, the hydrogen consumption, and finally the remaining hydrogen content is obtained by subtracting the hydrogen consumption from the hydrogen mass in the hydrogen storage bottle 21 at the initial moment known in advance, and the remaining hydrogen content is the mass content of hydrogen.

[0084] More specifically, refer to Figure 6 In this embodiment, the hydrogen remaining amount estimation submodule 51 estimates the remaining hydrogen content using the following method:

[0085] S1. Calculate the average temperature rise:

[0086] From the initial time t0 to the current time (i.e., from the time when the hydrogen storage bottle 21 is filled with hydrogen to the current entire use time), n time nodes are taken at intervals during the working time of the first heater 24, and are recorded as t1, t2, ..., t n ; Among them, t1 is the time greater than t0, t n The last working moment of the first heater 24;

[0087] Get the temperature rise value at each time node: temperature rise value = temperature value of the second temperature sensor 25 minus temperature value of the first temperature sensor 23, the temperature rise value of the first time node is recorded as △T1, the temperature rise value of the second time node is recorded as △T2, ..., the temperature rise value of the nth time node is recorded as △T n ; The value of n is selected according to the length of use time. The basic principle is that the longer the use time, the larger the value of n needs to be. For example, when the use time is 0.5h, n=30; when the use time is 1h, n=60; when the use time is 2h, n=120; the larger the value of n, the smaller the error;

[0088] Calculate t0 to t using the following formula All The average temperature rise during the time

[0089]

[0090] Among them, the optimized intake temperature (hydrogen and air) is obtained in advance according to the specific hydrogen storage alloy material used and combined with the system through experiments, which is recorded as ty. During operation, the intake air is heated by the first heater 24 and the second heater 34 to reach the target temperature. However, during actual operation, the actual intake temperature will fluctuate as follows. In addition, the initial temperature of hydrogen, that is, the temperature discharged from the storage hydrogen bottle 21, will also change, because the hydrogen release temperature in this system will be optimized and adjusted according to the remaining hydrogen amount. Therefore, during the above-mentioned entire use time, the initial temperature and final temperature of hydrogen will change to some extent, so the temperature difference (i.e., the temperature rise value) will also change. The average temperature rise value ΔT calculated by the above formula can make the obtained temperature difference better reflect the temperature change during the entire use time, and the remaining hydrogen amount estimated based on the temperature difference can also be close to the actual value.

[0091] S2, by obtaining the total energy Q0 consumed by the first heater 24 from the initial moment to the current moment, the total heat Q1 supplied to the hydrogen by the first heater 24 during the time period is calculated, Q1=Q0×η, η represents the heating efficiency of the first heater 24, which is a known value obtained in advance;

[0092] According to the heat calculation formula:

[0093] Q = cm(t-t0), Q represents the amount of heat absorbed, m represents the mass of hydrogen, c represents the specific heat capacity of hydrogen, t0 represents the initial temperature value, and t represents the final temperature value;

[0094] get Thus, the total mass of hydrogen entering the first heater 24 from the initial moment to the current moment is estimated, that is, the consumption of hydrogen, which is recorded as m x ;

[0095] S3, finally, the total mass M of hydrogen contained in the hydrogen storage bottle 21 at the initial moment minus the consumption m of hydrogen x , that is, the remaining hydrogen amount is obtained, recorded as m t .

[0096] The value of M is obtained by weighing in advance the total mass of the hydrogen storage alloy filled inside, and then the equivalent mass of hydrogen contained therein can be calculated based on the hydrogen storage mass content of the hydrogen storage alloy.

[0097] In the present invention, the remaining amount of hydrogen can be estimated more accurately through the above-mentioned remaining hydrogen estimation method, so that the cruising range of the two-wheeled vehicle can be estimated. The estimation result can be displayed on a display screen set at the front position of the two-wheeled vehicle, so as to prompt the user of the cruising range information and improve the convenience of use. In the remaining hydrogen estimation scheme, there is no need to configure additional complex components. It only needs to use the intake air supply system and add an additional temperature sensor to detect the hydrogen temperature before heating. The whole method is simple, highly reliable, and low in cost, so that the present invention can realize the intake temperature control while performing real-time monitoring of the remaining hydrogen.

[0098] The hydrogen discharge heating module 4 includes a heating jacket 40 covering the outside of the hydrogen storage bottle 21, a heat transfer medium delivery pipeline 41 connected to the medium outlet of the heating jacket 40, a heat transfer medium return pipeline 42 connected to the medium inlet of the heating jacket 40, an exhaust gas heat exchanger 43 and a third heater 44 arranged on the heat transfer medium return pipeline 42, a fourth temperature sensor 45 arranged on the heat transfer medium return pipeline 42 and between the third heater 44 and the hydrogen storage bottle 21, and a medium buffer bottle 46, a medium pump 47, and a medium flow valve 48 arranged in sequence on the heat transfer medium delivery pipeline 41 along the flow direction of the heat transfer medium; the medium flow valve 48 controls the heat transfer medium to be delivered at a set flow rate. In this embodiment, the heat transfer medium is water.

[0099] The heating jacket 40 heats the hydrogen storage bottle 21 through the flowable heat transfer medium filled inside. The end of the heat transfer medium delivery pipeline 41 is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the exhaust heat exchanger 43, and the inlet end of the heat transfer medium return pipeline 42 is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the exhaust heat exchanger 43, so as to recover the waste heat of the exhaust gas entering the exhaust pipe 10 through heat exchange with the heat transfer medium. The heating jacket 40 is provided with a heat transfer medium inlet 400 and a heat transfer medium outlet 401, the heat transfer medium inlet 400 is connected to the end of the heat transfer medium return pipeline 42, and the heat transfer medium outlet 401 is connected to the medium buffer bottle 46.

[0100] An exhaust pipe 10 is provided on the fuel cell 1, and the exhaust pipe 10 is connected to the heat medium inlet of the exhaust gas heat exchanger 43. The reaction products and unreacted hydrogen and air of the fuel cell 1 enter the exhaust gas heat exchanger 43 through the exhaust pipe 10, and are discharged from the heat medium outlet after heat exchange and cooling; the heat transfer medium transported by the heat transfer medium transport pipeline 41 enters the refrigerant inlet of the exhaust gas heat exchanger 43, is discharged from the refrigerant outlet after heat exchange and heating, and then enters the heating sleeve 40 after passing through the third heater 44 to heat the hydrogen storage bottle 21.

[0101] The dehydrogenation temperature control submodule 52 includes a dehydrogenation temperature optimization module 520 and a dehydrogenation control module 521. The dehydrogenation temperature control submodule 52 is used to control the third heating module. Figure 7 , the control method is:

[0102] 1) Preset the initial minimum hydrogen discharge temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle 21 to T0;

[0103] The current time is t, and the remaining hydrogen amount m in the hydrogen storage bottle 21 at this time is obtained by the hydrogen remaining amount estimation submodule 51. t ;

[0104] 2) The hydrogen desorption temperature optimization module 520 is based on the initial minimum hydrogen desorption temperature T0 and the remaining hydrogen amount m at the current moment. t , the current optimized minimum dehydrogenation temperature T is obtained by analysis 0t ;

[0105] 3) The dehydrogenation control module 521 first controls the third heater 44 to not work, and compares the temperature value Ts detected by the fourth temperature sensor 45 with the optimized minimum dehydrogenation temperature T 0t The size of 0t otherwise, the third heater 44 is controlled to work, the heat transfer medium discharged from the exhaust heat exchanger 43 is heated, and the temperature value detected by the fourth temperature sensor 45 reaches T 0t .

[0106] In the fuel cell stack 1 of the hydrogen fuel cell system, the tail gas contains a large amount of waste heat. In the present invention, the tail gas heat exchanger 43 is provided to fully utilize the waste heat in the tail gas to heat the hydrogen storage bottle 21 for releasing hydrogen, thereby improving the efficiency of the battery. 0t This indicates that the waste heat recovered in the exhaust gas is sufficient to meet the heat demand for hydrogen release from the hydrogen storage bottle 21. Therefore, the third heater 44 does not need to work at this time. Even when there is surplus heat, the temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle 21 is higher than the set value. This can increase the hydrogen release efficiency. Since no additional energy is required, no additional control is required. All the remaining heat can be used to heat the hydrogen storage bottle 21.

[0107] In this embodiment, the hydrogen desorption temperature optimization module 520 uses a machine learning-based method to optimize the minimum hydrogen desorption temperature according to the value of the remaining hydrogen amount to ensure that a stable hydrogen desorption rate is maintained.

[0108] Reference Figure 8 The hydrogen release temperature optimization module 520 is constructed by the following steps:

[0109] 2-1) Construct training data set S:

[0110] 2-1-1) Using a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system, the following data were obtained using the same solid-state hydrogen storage alloy:

[0111] When the initial hydrogen release temperature is T1, the initial hydrogen release rate is detected and recorded as V0. Then, under different residual hydrogen contents, the heating temperature is increased to keep the hydrogen release rate at V0. The residual hydrogen contents C of each i The corresponding temperature T i , i = 10-80, T1, V0, C i 、T i Combined into a training data s; in this embodiment, i=50 is selected; that is, 50 data under different residual hydrogen amounts are taken, and the value range of the residual hydrogen amount is selected from intervals between 1-100%;

[0112] 2-1-2) changing the initial hydrogen release temperature, obtaining a number of training data in the same manner as step 2-1-1), combining all the training data to obtain a training data set S;

[0113] 2-2) Model training:

[0114] Using the training data set S, T1, V0, C i is the input, T i The CNN convolutional neural network is trained as the target output, and after the training is completed, a hydrogen desorption temperature optimization module 520 is obtained.

[0115] The dehydrogenation rate of solid hydrogen storage alloys decreases as the hydrogen content decreases. This is because when the hydrogen content in the alloy is high, the diffusion rate of hydrogen atoms in the alloy is faster, so the dehydrogenation rate is also faster. However, as the hydrogen content gradually decreases, the diffusion rate of hydrogen atoms in the alloy slows down, resulting in a decrease in the dehydrogenation rate. Therefore, when the initial dehydrogenation temperature is set and then heated at this temperature for dehydrogenation, the initial dehydrogenation rate is fast, but as time goes by, the dehydrogenation rate gradually slows down. The dehydrogenation rate usually increases with the increase of the dehydrogenation temperature. Therefore, when the hydrogen content gradually decreases, if the dehydrogenation temperature is increased to a certain extent, the dehydrogenation rate will be able to maintain stability. By obtaining the relationship between the change in the dehydrogenation rate and the decrease in hydrogen content, and the relationship between the dehydrogenation rate and the dehydrogenation temperature, the dehydrogenation rate can be kept constant by increasing the dehydrogenation temperature when the hydrogen content decreases. This relationship mainly depends on the specific solid hydrogen storage alloy, as well as factors such as the set initial dehydrogenation temperature, and it is difficult to describe its relationship by conventional methods. In the present invention, a method based on machine learning is adopted to train the CNN convolutional neural network through training data. Through the experience accumulation and data learning ability of the model, the changing relationship between the hydrogen decomposition rate and the hydrogen content, and the relationship between the hydrogen decomposition rate and the hydrogen decomposition temperature at different initial hydrogen decomposition temperatures are obtained, so that the hydrogen decomposition temperature required to maintain the hydrogen decomposition rate at a set value can be obtained under different residual hydrogen contents. Based on this, hydrogen decomposition control is performed to ensure a stable supply of hydrogen while minimizing energy consumption.

[0116] In the present invention, in combination with the hydrogen supply control unit 500 for intake air temperature control, the hydrogen remainder estimation submodule 51 can realize the estimation of the remaining hydrogen amount by using a specific algorithm, and then optimize the hydrogen decomposition temperature according to the estimation result of the remaining hydrogen amount. By appropriately increasing the hydrogen decomposition temperature, the decrease in the hydrogen decomposition rate caused by the decrease in the remaining hydrogen amount can be compensated, so that the hydrogen decomposition rate can be maintained near the set value, thereby better ensuring the supply of hydrogen.

[0117] Hydrogen release performance test:

[0118] (1) Test example

[0119] The system of Example 1 is used, the hydrogen storage alloy is LaNi5, the initial hydrogen release temperature is set to 45°C, the heat transfer medium is controlled not to enter the tail gas heat exchanger 43, and the heat transfer medium is heated only by the third heater 44 to heat the hydrogen storage bottle 21 to avoid interference with the tail gas heat exchanger 43. The hydrogen inlet solenoid valve 26 is measured, the initial hydrogen release flow rate is set to 0.5L / min, the hydrogen release volume of the hydrogen storage bottle 21 at different times is measured, and the relationship curve between the hydrogen release flow rate and time is plotted.

[0120] (2) Comparative Example

[0121] The system of Example 1 is used, the hydrogen storage alloy is LaNi5, the heating temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle 21 is maintained at 45°C, the hydrogen inlet solenoid valve 26 is measured, the initial hydrogen discharge flow rate is set to 0.5L / min, the hydrogen discharge volume of the hydrogen storage bottle 21 at different times is measured, and the relationship curve between the hydrogen discharge flow rate and time is plotted.

[0122] Test results such as Fig.10 As shown, it can be seen that in the control example and the embodiment, the hydrogen content is relatively high in the initial stage (the hydrogen release rate of the hydrogen storage alloy is greater than 0.5L / min, and there is hydrogen remaining in the hydrogen storage bottle 21), and the hydrogen release flow rate can be maintained at the set value: 0.5L / min, but as the hydrogen release time continues, the remaining hydrogen content decreases. In the control example, the hydrogen release rate gradually decreases; while in the test example, by optimizing the heating temperature, the hydrogen release flow rate can be maintained at fluctuations above and below the set value.

[0123] Example 2

[0124] A hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicle comprises the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system of Example 1, a hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicle body, and a driving system, wherein the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system provides electrical energy for the driving system to realize driving of the hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicle body.

[0125] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. Any ordinary technician in the industry can smoothly implement the present invention as shown in the drawings and above. However, any equivalent changes, modifications and evolutions made by technicians familiar with the profession without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention using the technical content disclosed above are all equivalent embodiments of the present invention. At the same time, any equivalent changes, modifications and evolutions made to the above embodiments based on the essential technology of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system capable of measuring the amount of remaining hydrogen, characterized in that: It includes a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen supply module, an air supply module, a hydrogen degassing heating module and a battery management control module; The battery management control module includes an air intake control submodule, a hydrogen remaining amount estimation submodule and a hydrogen discharge temperature control submodule; The hydrogen supply module includes a hydrogen storage bottle filled with a solid hydrogen storage alloy, a hydrogen supply pipeline connecting the hydrogen storage bottle to the fuel cell stack, and a first temperature sensor, a first heater, and a second temperature sensor sequentially arranged on the hydrogen supply pipeline along the air flow direction; The hydrogen remaining amount estimation submodule is used to estimate the remaining hydrogen content in the hydrogen storage bottle. The estimation method is: obtaining the hydrogen temperature before and after being heated by the first heater according to the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor respectively, obtaining the average temperature rise value in the time interval from the initial moment to the current moment, and then obtaining the total heat supplied to the hydrogen by the first heater from the initial moment to the current moment through heating, and then using the total heat, the temperature rise value and the specific heat capacity of hydrogen, using the heat calculation formula to obtain the total mass of hydrogen passing through the heater from the initial moment to the current moment, that is, the hydrogen consumption, and finally subtracting the hydrogen consumption from the hydrogen mass in the hydrogen storage bottle at the initial moment known in advance to obtain the remaining hydrogen content, and the remaining hydrogen content is the mass content of hydrogen; The hydrogen desorption temperature control submodule includes a hydrogen desorption temperature optimization module and a hydrogen desorption control module. The hydrogen desorption temperature optimization module adopts a machine learning-based method to optimize the minimum hydrogen desorption temperature according to the value of the residual hydrogen content to compensate for the decrease in hydrogen desorption rate caused by the decrease in the residual hydrogen content.

2. The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system capable of measuring the amount of remaining hydrogen according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen remaining estimation submodule estimates the remaining hydrogen content using the following method: S1. Calculate the average temperature rise: From the initial time t0 to the current time, n time nodes are taken at intervals during the working time of the first heater, and are recorded as t1, t2, ..., t n ; Among them, t1 is the time greater than t0, t n The last working moment of the first heater; Get the temperature rise value at each time node: temperature rise value = temperature value of the second temperature sensor minus temperature value of the first temperature sensor. The temperature rise value of the first time node is recorded as △T1, the temperature rise value of the second time node is recorded as △T2, ..., the temperature rise value of the nth time node is recorded as △T n ; Calculate t0 to t using the following formula n The average temperature rise during the time : ； S2. By obtaining the total energy Q0 consumed by the first heater from the initial moment to the current moment, the total heat Q1 supplied to the hydrogen by the first heater during the time period is calculated, Q1=Q0×η, where η represents the heating efficiency of the first heater, which is a known value obtained in advance; According to the heat calculation formula: Q=cm(t-t0), Q represents the amount of heat absorbed, m represents the mass of hydrogen, c represents the specific heat capacity of hydrogen, t0 represents the initial temperature value, and t represents the final temperature value; get ; Thus, the total mass of hydrogen entering the first heater from the initial moment to the current moment is estimated, that is, the consumption of hydrogen, recorded as m x ; S3, finally, the total mass M of hydrogen contained in the hydrogen storage bottle at the initial moment minus the consumption m of hydrogen x , that is, the remaining hydrogen amount is obtained, recorded as m t .

3. The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system capable of measuring the amount of remaining hydrogen according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hydrogen supply module also includes a first gas pressure-stabilizing valve disposed on the hydrogen supply pipeline and between the hydrogen storage bottle and the first temperature sensor, and a hydrogen intake solenoid valve disposed on the hydrogen supply pipeline and between the first heater and the fuel cell stack.

4. The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system capable of measuring the amount of remaining hydrogen according to claim 3, characterized in that: The air supply module includes an air supply pipeline connecting external air to the fuel cell stack, and an air filter, an air compression pump, a second gas pressure regulating valve, a second heater, a third temperature sensor, a humidifier, a dehumidifier, a humidity sensor, and an air intake solenoid valve which are sequentially arranged on the air supply pipeline along the air flow direction.

5. The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system capable of measuring the amount of remaining hydrogen according to claim 4, characterized in that: The air intake control submodule includes a hydrogen supply control unit and an air supply control unit, which are used to control the hydrogen supply module and the air supply module respectively; Among them, the control method of the hydrogen supply control unit is: Control the first gas pressure regulating valve and the hydrogen intake solenoid valve to make the hydrogen reach the set pressure and flow rate, control the first heater to heat the hydrogen so that the temperature value detected by the second temperature sensor reaches the set value, and then supply it to the fuel cell stack; Among them, the control method of the air supply control unit is: The air compression pump, the second gas pressure-stabilizing valve, and the air intake solenoid valve are controlled to make the air reach the set pressure and flow rate, the second heater is controlled to heat the air so that the temperature value detected by the third temperature sensor reaches the set value, and the humidifier and dehumidifier are controlled so that the humidity value detected by the humidity sensor reaches the set value; when the humidity is too high, the dehumidifier is controlled to work and the humidifier is not worked, and when the humidity is too low, the humidifier is controlled to work and the dehumidifier is not worked.

6. The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system capable of measuring the amount of remaining hydrogen according to claim 5, characterized in that: The hydrogen release heating module includes a heating jacket covering the outside of the hydrogen storage bottle, a heat transfer medium delivery pipeline connected to the medium outlet of the heating jacket, a heat transfer medium return pipeline connected to the medium inlet of the heating jacket, an exhaust gas heat exchanger and a third heater arranged on the heat transfer medium return pipeline, a fourth temperature sensor arranged on the heat transfer medium return pipeline and between the third heater and the hydrogen storage bottle, and a medium buffer bottle, a medium pump, and a medium flow valve sequentially arranged on the heat transfer medium delivery pipeline along the flow direction of the heat transfer medium; The heating jacket heats the hydrogen storage bottle through the flowable heat transfer medium filled inside, the end of the heat transfer medium delivery pipeline is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the exhaust gas heat exchanger, and the inlet end of the heat transfer medium return pipeline is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the exhaust gas heat exchanger to recover the waste heat of the exhaust gas entering the exhaust pipe through heat exchange with the heat transfer medium.

7. The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system capable of measuring the amount of remaining hydrogen according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fuel cell stack is provided with an exhaust gas emission pipe, which is connected to the heat medium inlet of the exhaust gas heat exchanger. The reaction products and unreacted hydrogen and air of the fuel cell stack enter the exhaust gas heat exchanger through the exhaust gas emission pipe, and are discharged from the heat medium outlet after heat exchange and temperature reduction. The heat transfer medium transported by the heat transfer medium transport pipeline enters the refrigerant inlet of the exhaust gas heat exchanger, is discharged from the refrigerant outlet after heat exchange and temperature increase, and then enters the heating jacket after passing through the third heater to heat the hydrogen storage bottle.

8. The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system capable of measuring the amount of remaining hydrogen according to claim 7, characterized in that: The hydrogen discharge temperature control submodule is used to control the third heater, and the control method is: 1) Pre-set the initial minimum hydrogen discharge temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle as T0; The current time is t, and the remaining hydrogen amount m in the hydrogen storage bottle at this time is obtained through the hydrogen remaining amount estimation submodule. t ; 2) The hydrogen desorption temperature optimization module is based on the initial minimum hydrogen desorption temperature T0 and the remaining hydrogen amount m at the current moment. t , the current optimized minimum dehydrogenation temperature T is obtained by analysis 0t ; 3) The hydrogen release control module first controls the third heater to not work, and compares the temperature value Ts detected by the fourth temperature sensor with the optimized minimum hydrogen release temperature T 0t The size of 0t otherwise, the third heater is controlled to operate to heat the heat transfer medium discharged from the exhaust heat exchanger, so that the temperature value detected by the fourth temperature sensor reaches T 0t .

9. The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system capable of measuring the amount of remaining hydrogen according to claim 8, characterized in that: The hydrogen desorption temperature optimization module is constructed by the following steps: 2-1) Construct training data set S: 2-1-1) The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system is used to obtain the following data using the same solid-state hydrogen storage alloy: When the initial hydrogen release temperature is T1, the initial hydrogen release rate is detected and recorded as V0. Then, under different residual hydrogen contents, the heating temperature is increased to keep the hydrogen release rate at V0. The residual hydrogen contents C of each i The corresponding temperature T i , i=10-80, T1, V0, C i 、T i Combine into a training data s; 2-1-2) Change the initial hydrogen desorption temperature, obtain several training data in the same way as step 2-1-1), combine all the training data to obtain the training data set S; 2-2) Model training: Using the training data set S, T1, V0, C i is the input, T i The CNN convolutional neural network is trained as the target output, and the hydrogen desorption temperature optimization module is obtained after the training is completed.

10. A hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicle, comprising a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, a hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicle body, and a driving system, wherein the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system provides electrical energy for the driving system to realize the driving of the hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicle body.

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