Multi-band common-caliber antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-band common-caliber antenna in the field of antennas. The antenna comprises a metal center body, a T-shaped metal structure, a medium support and a spiral line. Three layers of metal discs are arranged along the central axis of the metal center body of the cylindrical structure, and the spiral line is located between the lower-layer metal disc and the middle-layer metal disc, wound around the outer side of the metal center body and connected with the metal center body through a medium support to form the low-frequency antenna. The upper-layer metal disc, the middle-layer metal disc and the T-shaped metal structures form an intermediate-frequency antenna, connectors at the lower ends of the four T-shaped metal structures are independently used or the connectors at the lower ends are connected with different feed networks to excite the upper-layer metal disc, and various radiation modes can be achieved. The metal cylinder located above the upper-layer metal disc is a high-frequency antenna radiator, linear polarization or circular polarization radiation of the antenna is achieved by directly feeding the lower portion of the radiator or connecting the lower portion of the radiator with a circular polarizer, and the metal center body can be used as a transmission waveguide or used for fixing a radio frequency cable according to requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and in particular relates to a multi-band common aperture antenna. Background Art

[0002] Modern mobile communication systems are mostly complex systems based on carrier platforms that integrate multiple wireless systems to achieve as many functions as possible. Therefore, it is necessary to configure multiple antennas with different frequency bands and radiation characteristics on the carrier, which requires sufficient space to install the antennas. The space on the mobile carrier is very limited, and only a few specific areas are suitable for arranging antennas. Too many antennas concentrated together will cause mutual coupling and shielding between antennas, causing serious interference and affecting system performance. The common aperture antenna can combine multiple antennas within a certain aperture. Each antenna has independent radiation performance and can meet the use of multiple systems at the same time, greatly improving the utilization rate of the antenna aperture, while effectively reducing the number and volume of antennas.

[0003] Composite antenna refers to an antenna form that combines and integrates multiple antenna forms with different frequency bands, polarizations, and gains in a fixed space. A co-aperture antenna is a special type of composite antenna that integrates different antennas in the same aperture. By optimizing the antenna unit form, structural characteristics, and structural reuse, the use requirements of multiple system antennas can be met in the same radiation aperture. Co-aperture antennas can be composed of omnidirectional and directional antenna units including microstrip antennas, vibrator antennas, slot antennas, helical antennas, horn antennas, etc. There are three common ways to implement co-aperture antennas. The first is to configure other different types of high-frequency antennas in the local space of low-frequency antenna units or arrays. Since the frequency wavelength determines the physical size of the antenna, the physical size of the antenna unit varies greatly, which makes it easy to achieve a reasonable spatial layout, and the impact between antenna units can be almost ignored. The second is to select appropriate low-frequency antenna units and high-frequency antenna units for combination, and adopt a combination of dispersed placement, stacked placement, and structural reuse to eliminate the shielding effect between antenna units of different frequency bands. This form of co-aperture antenna structure is relatively compact, which can improve the space utilization of the antenna. The third type of co-aperture antenna uses the bandpass or bandstop characteristics of electromagnetic metamaterials to achieve frequency selection and phase adjustment of the antenna, allowing high-frequency electromagnetic waves to pass through the low-frequency antenna on the upper layer to radiate normally, reducing mutual shielding between antennas and realizing the co-aperture design of the antenna.

[0004] There are many ways to realize the co-aperture antenna at present, but most of them are designed based on the aperture size of the antenna. However, they have the disadvantages of complex structure and large antenna aperture size, which limits the application of co-aperture antenna. Therefore, it is necessary to study a miniaturized co-aperture antenna. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a multi-band co-aperture antenna, which is a co-aperture antenna that integrates a helical antenna, a microstrip antenna, and a horn antenna in a structural multiplexing manner.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve the above technical effects:

[0007] A multi-band common aperture antenna, comprising a metal central body, a T-shaped metal structure, a dielectric support and a helix;

[0008] The metal central body is a cylindrical structure; three layers of metal discs are arranged along the central axis of the cylindrical structure, wherein the upper metal disc and the lower metal disc are both flat plate structures, the edge of the middle metal disc is bent upward, and the diameter of the upper metal disc is smaller than that of the middle metal disc;

[0009] The spiral line is located between the lower metal disc and the middle metal disc and is wound around the outside of the metal center body to form a low-frequency antenna; the spiral line is connected to the metal center body through a dielectric support;

[0010] Five connectors are installed on the lower surface of the middle metal disc, and the outer conductor of each connector is connected to the middle metal disc; a T-shaped metal structure is arranged between the middle metal disc and the lower metal disc, and there is a gap between the upper end of the T-shaped metal structure and the lower surface of the upper metal cylinder; the four connectors correspond to the T-shaped metal structures one by one, and are evenly distributed around the central axis of the metal center body, wherein the inner conductor of the connector is connected to the lower end of the corresponding T-shaped metal structure;

[0011] The inner conductor of the other connector is connected to the upper end of the spiral wire.

[0012] Furthermore, the central axis of the cylindrical structure passes through the center of the three-layer metal disc.

[0013] Furthermore, the dielectric support includes a plurality of dielectric columns, one end of the dielectric column is fixed to the outer wall of the metal central body, and the other end of the dielectric column is fixed to the spiral wire.

[0014] Furthermore, the metal central body located above the upper metal disk is a radiator. By directly feeding or connecting a circular polarizer at the bottom of the radiator, the linear polarization or circular polarization radiation of the high-frequency antenna is achieved. The metal central body below the middle metal disk can be used as a transmission waveguide or for fixing the radio frequency cable as required.

[0015] Furthermore, the connectors at the lower ends of the four T-shaped metal structures are used separately to realize the linear polarization wave radiation of the intermediate frequency antenna, or the circular polarization wave radiation or the single pulse direction diagram is realized by connecting the circular polarization network or the sum-difference network at the lower end of the connector.

[0016] Furthermore, the metal center body of the cylindrical structure is replaced by a metal center body with a regular polygonal cross section.

[0017] Furthermore, the T-shaped metal structure includes a metal column and an arc-shaped plate located above the metal column; the metal column is perpendicular to the arc-shaped plate; the metal column is connected to one end of the arc-shaped plate; and four T-shaped metal structures are arranged in a circular array along the central axis of the metal center body.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. The present invention provides a common aperture antenna, which is composed of a metal central body, a T-shaped metal structure, a dielectric support and a spiral line. The antenna has a standing wave ratio bandwidth greater than 15% in the three working frequency bands of high frequency, medium frequency and low frequency, and has wide beam circular polarization radiation characteristics at the same time. The medium frequency and high frequency antennas can realize linear polarization, circular polarization radiation and sum and difference beams through different feeding networks.

[0020] 2. The present invention combines the three structures of the helical antenna, the microstrip antenna and the horn antenna by means of structural multiplexing, and the overall structure is a columnar structure with a small aperture size, and the antenna diameter is less than Φ0.28λ 低频 .

[0021] 3. The antenna of the present invention has a compact structure, a small diameter, and a high radiation efficiency. It can be used as a radiating antenna for various wide-beam miniaturized communication systems, and can also be used as an array antenna unit. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a T-shaped structure array according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Another perspective of the picture;

[0025] In the figure: 2, middle metal disc, 3, connector, 4, spiral wire, 5, lower metal disc, 7, dielectric column, 8, T-shaped metal structure, 9, upper metal disc, 10, metal center body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] Below, the present invention is further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0027] Reference Figures 1 to 3 , this embodiment includes a metal central body, a T-shaped metal structure, a dielectric support and a spiral line;

[0028] The metal central body is a cylindrical structure; three layers of metal discs are arranged along the central axis of the cylindrical structure, wherein the upper metal disc and the lower metal disc are both flat plate structures, the edge of the middle metal disc is bent upward, and the diameter of the upper metal disc is smaller than that of the middle metal disc; the central axis of the cylindrical structure runs through the center of the three layers of metal discs.

[0029] The spiral wire is located between the lower metal disk and the middle metal disk, and is wound around the outside of the metal center body to form a low-frequency antenna; the spiral wire is connected to the metal center body through a dielectric support; the dielectric support includes a plurality of dielectric columns, one end of the dielectric column is fixed to the outer wall of the metal center body, and the other end fixes the spiral wire.

[0030] Five connectors are installed on the lower surface of the middle metal disc, and the outer conductor of each connector is connected to the middle metal disc; a T-shaped metal structure is arranged between the middle metal disc and the lower metal disc, and there is a gap between the upper end of the T-shaped metal structure and the lower surface of the upper metal cylinder; the four connectors correspond to the T-shaped metal structures one by one, and are evenly distributed around the central axis of the metal center body, wherein the inner conductor of the connector is connected to the lower end of the corresponding T-shaped metal structure;

[0031] The inner conductor of the other connector is connected to the upper end of the spiral wire.

[0032] The metal center body located above the middle metal disk is a radiator. By directly feeding or connecting a circular polarizer at the bottom of the radiator, the linear polarization or circular polarization radiation of the antenna can be achieved. The metal center body below the middle metal disk can be used as a transmission waveguide or for fixing radio frequency cables as required.

[0033] The connectors at the lower ends of the four T-shaped metal structures are used separately to realize the linear polarization wave radiation of the intermediate frequency antenna, or the circular polarization wave radiation or the single pulse direction diagram is realized by connecting the circular polarization network or the difference network at the lower end of the connector.

[0034] The T-shaped metal structure includes a metal column and an arc-shaped plate located above the metal column; the metal column is perpendicular to the arc-shaped plate; the metal column is connected to one end of the arc-shaped plate; four T-shaped metal structures are arranged in a circular array along the central axis of the metal center body.

[0035] The metal center body of the cylindrical structure is replaced by a metal center body with a regular polygonal cross section.

[0036] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows:

[0037] The common aperture antenna combines the three structures of spiral antenna, microstrip antenna and horn antenna in the same aperture through structural multiplexing. The central body of the antenna is a cylindrical structure, and the upper end is a circular horn radiator. The RF signal feeds the horn through the center body. By adding a waveguide circular polarization network inside the center body, the circular polarization radiation of the horn can also be achieved. The upper metal disk and the middle metal disk outside the center body form a horn loading structure, which can widen the beam width of the high-frequency antenna. The upper metal disk and the middle metal disk of the antenna can be used as the radiator and metal cavity of the air microstrip antenna. The T-shaped structure between the upper metal disk and the heavy metal disk is used to feed the upper metal disk to stimulate the external radiation of the intermediate frequency antenna. The central body serves as the support structure of the intermediate frequency antenna to ensure the structural realization of the intermediate frequency antenna. The intermediate frequency antenna can achieve different radiation performance by connecting different external feeding networks. A spiral wire is wound at the lower end of the middle metal disk. The spiral is in a back-firing mode to achieve circularly polarized wide-beam radiation of the low-frequency antenna. The low-frequency antenna radiation pattern can also be shaped and designed by adjusting the spiral wire diameter, pitch and number of turns.

[0038] It should be understood that the above description of the specific implementation methods of this patent is only an exemplary description listed to facilitate ordinary technicians in the field to understand the patent scheme, and does not imply that the scope of protection of this patent is limited to these individual examples. Ordinary technicians in this field can fully understand the technical scheme of this patent and, without any creative work, obtain more specific implementation methods by combining technical features, replacing some technical features, adding more technical features, etc. to the examples listed in this patent. All these specific implementation methods are within the scope of the claims of this patent. Therefore, these new specific implementation methods should also be within the scope of protection of this patent.

[0039] In addition, for the purpose of simplifying the description, this patent may not list some common specific implementation schemes, which are naturally conceivable to ordinary technicians in this field after understanding the technical solution of this patent. Obviously, these solutions should also be included in the scope of protection of this patent.

Claims

1. A multi-band common aperture antenna, characterized in that: It includes a metal center body, a T-shaped metal structure, a dielectric support and a spiral line; The metal central body is a cylindrical structure; three layers of metal discs are arranged along the central axis of the cylindrical structure, wherein the upper metal disc and the lower metal disc are both flat plate structures, the edge of the middle metal disc is bent upward, and the diameter of the upper metal disc is smaller than that of the middle metal disc; The spiral line is located between the lower metal disc and the middle metal disc and is wound around the outside of the metal center body to form a low-frequency antenna; the spiral line is connected to the metal center body through a dielectric support; Five connectors are installed on the lower surface of the middle metal disc, and the outer conductor of each connector is connected to the middle metal disc; a T-shaped metal structure is arranged between the middle metal disc and the lower metal disc, and there is a gap between the upper end of the T-shaped metal structure and the lower surface of the upper metal cylinder; the four connectors correspond to the T-shaped metal structures one by one, and are evenly distributed around the central axis of the metal center body, wherein the inner conductor of the connector is connected to the lower end of the corresponding T-shaped metal structure; The inner conductor of the other connector is connected to the upper end of the spiral wire.

2. The multi-band common aperture antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central axis of the cylindrical structure runs through the center of the three-layer metal disk.

3. The multi-band common aperture antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric support comprises a plurality of dielectric columns, one end of which is fixed to the outer wall of the metal central body, and the other end of which is fixed to the spiral wire.

4. The multi-band common aperture antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal center body located above the upper metal disk is a radiator. By directly feeding or connecting a circular polarizer at the bottom of the radiator, the linear polarization or circular polarization radiation of the high-frequency antenna can be achieved. The metal center body below the middle metal disk can be used as a transmission waveguide or for fixing radio frequency cables as required.

5. The multi-band common aperture antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connectors at the lower ends of the four T-shaped metal structures are used separately to realize the linear polarization wave radiation of the intermediate frequency antenna, or the circular polarization wave radiation or the single pulse direction diagram is realized by connecting the circular polarization network or the sum-difference network at the connector at the lower end.

6. The multi-band common aperture antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal center body of the cylindrical structure is replaced by a metal center body with a regular polygonal cross section.

7. A multi-band common aperture antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The T-shaped metal structure includes a metal column and an arc-shaped plate located above the metal column; the metal column is perpendicular to the arc-shaped plate; the metal column is connected to one end of the arc-shaped plate; four T-shaped metal structures are arranged in a circular array along the central axis of the metal center body.

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