Far and near field positioning codebook design method and system

Abstract

The invention discloses a far and near field positioning codebook design method and system, and belongs to the technical field of mobile communication, a hierarchical codebook universal for near-field and far-field users is designed, and the coverage range of code words in the hierarchical codebook is gradually reduced in each layer so as to obtain the angle of the user relative to each AP; and the coverage range of the wave beams in the codebook is gradually narrowed among the layers, so that the position of the user is locked. The invention can achieve the effects of low overhead and suitability for near fields and far fields.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mobile communications, in particular to a method and system for designing a far-field and near-field positioning codebook. Background Art

[0002] The 6G network has a complete communication system, including multiple access points (APs), each equipped with a large-scale array capable of transmitting and receiving signals. By leveraging existing communication hardware, sensing functions such as positioning can be achieved without the need for additional dedicated sensors. This hardware reuse approach not only reduces system costs, but also simplifies the complexity of hardware design and maintenance.

[0003] As the scale of AP arrays expands, there are a large number of channel links between users and APs, which greatly increases the complexity of traditional pilot-based channel estimation methods. To avoid this, beam training for beamforming has become a practical solution when the channel state information is unknown. By selecting the optimal codeword that matches the user channel, the acquisition of accurate channel information can be avoided. However, joint positioning based on beam training requires the design of codebooks and positioning algorithms that coordinate space and time, which is very difficult. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical task of the present invention is to address the above shortcomings and provide a far-field and near-field positioning codebook design method and system, which can achieve low overhead and be applicable to near-field and far-field effects.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0006] A method for designing a codebook for near-field and far-field positioning is proposed. A codebook with a hierarchical structure is designed for near-field and far-field users. The coverage of the codewords in the hierarchical codebook is gradually reduced in each layer to obtain the angle of the user relative to each AP. The coverage of the beam in the codebook gradually narrows between each layer, thereby locking the user position.

[0007] This method considers the electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics in the near field and the far field at the same time, and designs a universal hierarchical positioning codebook. The codebook designed by the method can serve both near-field and far-field users.

[0008] Furthermore, in the layered codebook, the first layer includes two codewords, each codeword covers half of the angular domain; starting from the second layer, the number of codewords is twice that of the previous layer; the codewords in each layer are divided into two codewords in the next layer, each codeword covers half of the original coverage range;

[0009] Only two codewords are needed for beam training at each layer, and the user feeds back the index of the codeword (1 or 2); during beam training at subsequent layers, two codewords derived from the codeword selected in the previous layer are used, thereby gradually narrowing the user's angular range.

[0010] Furthermore, unlike conventional near-field or far-field codewords, each codeword in the hierarchical codebook can cover all distances of the near field and the far field at a specific angle.

[0011] Furthermore, multi-resolution codeword design is performed for the hierarchical codebook. The design method of the hierarchical codebook and codeword in the ψ-μ domain is as follows:

[0012] Assume that the coverage range of the codebook in the angle domain is [-1, 1], and according to the increasing relationship between the coverage ranges of the codewords in the codebook, calculate the pth codeword m in the sth layer of the angle domain. s,p The coverage range [ψ s,p,start ,ψ s,p,end ]:

[0013]

[0014] Assume that the coverage of the codebook in the μ domain is [μ min ,μ max ], in order to serve all users in the near field and far field, each codeword needs to cover the entire distance domain;

[0015] In order to design a codeword with the required coverage, the channel sampling is first performed in the ψ-μ domain. Assume that I uniformly spaced samples are taken in the ψ domain and J uniformly spaced samples are taken in the μ domain. Then when the coordinate (ψ i ,μ j ) belongs to codeword m s,p Coverage area When the codeword at this point has a beamforming gain of D, the beamforming gain of D is expected to be D. On the contrary, if the coordinate (ψ i ,μ j ) is located at codeword m s,p Coverage area If , then the beamforming gain of the codeword at this point is expected to be zero;

[0016] Then m s,p The codeword design problem can be expressed as:

[0017]

[0018] The codeword Can be configured as a beamformer for an AP.

[0019] Furthermore, due to the available phase value of the AP beamformer is limited. Aiming at this practical constraint, iterative codeword optimization is performed. The algorithm is as follows:

[0020] In each iteration, when optimizing the phase value of the nth unit, the phases of other units are fixed and the function is selected so that Minimize the phase value of element n.

[0021] Furthermore, let the distance range of the codebook service be [r min ,r max ], the service angle range is [ψ min ,ψ max ], given Then the coverage of the codebook in the μ domain is

[0022] Based on the coverage of the codebook, combined with the progressive relationship of the codewords in the angle domain, the coverage area of ​​each layer of codewords is calculated; as the number of codebook layers S increases, the beam corresponding to the codeword becomes narrower. The beam width of the bottom layer should not exceed the upper limit that the array can generate, expressed as Where Nd is the antenna aperture; given the number of codebook layers and the coverage of the codebook, the far-field and near-field positioning codebooks can be generated.

[0023] Furthermore, standardized packaging of heterogeneous end-side computing power is achieved through containerization technology.

[0024] The present invention also claims protection for a near-field and far-field positioning codebook system, the system comprising a hierarchical codebook, the hierarchical codebook being a hierarchical codebook common to near-field and far-field users, the coverage of codewords in the hierarchical codebook being gradually reduced in each layer to obtain the angle of the user relative to each AP, the coverage of beams in the codebook being gradually narrowed between each layer, thereby locking the user position;

[0025] The system can serve near-field and far-field users, which is specifically achieved through the above-mentioned near-field and far-field positioning codebook design method.

[0026] The present invention also claims protection for a device for designing and implementing a far-field and near-field positioning codebook, comprising: at least one memory and at least one processor;

[0027] The at least one memory is used to store a machine-readable program;

[0028] The at least one processor is used to call the machine-readable program to implement the above method.

[0029] The present invention also claims protection for a computer-readable medium having computer instructions stored thereon, which can implement the above method when executed by a processor.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the far-field and near-field positioning codebook design method and system of the present invention have the following advantages:

[0031] Beneficial effects:

[0032] The far-field and near-field positioning codebook design method described in the present invention can achieve low overhead and is applicable to near-field and far-field effects. On the one hand, low overhead is achieved: unlike traditional codebooks in the angle-distance binary domain, the beam training overhead generated by the far-field and near-field codebooks should not be proportional to the number of antenna units; in the multi-AP joint positioning scheme of the present invention, the time overhead of the positioning process of each AP is as small as possible to achieve rapid positioning. On the other hand, it is applicable to near-field and far-field: in large-scale array-assisted communication systems, users may be located in the near field or far field of the AP. Unlike traditional codebooks designed only for near-field or far-field, the far-field and near-field codebooks proposed by the present invention can be applied to both situations at the same time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram showing the principle of the far-field and near-field positioning codebook design method provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0035] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for designing a far-field and near-field positioning codebook, which designs a hierarchical codebook that is common to near-field and far-field users. The coverage of the codewords in the hierarchical codebook is gradually reduced in each layer to obtain the angle of the user relative to each AP. The coverage of the beam in the codebook gradually narrows between each layer, thereby locking the user position.

[0036] The hierarchical codebook is Figure 1 As shown, in this layered codebook, the first layer includes two codewords, each codeword covers half of the angular domain; starting from the second layer, the number of codewords is twice that of the previous layer; the codewords in each layer are divided into two codewords in the next layer, each codeword covers half of the original coverage range.

[0037] With this design, only two codewords are needed for beam training at each layer, and the user feeds back the index of the codeword (1 or 2). During beam training at subsequent layers, two codewords derived from the selected codeword in the previous layer are used, thereby gradually narrowing the user's angular range.

[0038] Different from traditional near-field or far-field codewords, each codeword in the hierarchical codebook described in the present method can cover all distances of the near field and the far field at a specific angle.

[0039] This method includes performing multi-resolution codeword design on the layered codebook:

[0040] This embodiment proposes a design of a hierarchical codebook and codewords in the ψ-μ domain, and the method is as follows:

[0041] Assuming that the coverage range of the codebook in the angle domain is [-1, 1], according to the increasing relationship between the coverage ranges of the codewords in the codebook, the pth codeword m in the sth layer of the angle domain can be calculated. s,p The coverage range [ψ s,p,start ,ψ s,p,end ]:

[0042]

[0043] Assume that the coverage of the codebook in the μ domain is [μ min ,μ max ], in order to serve all users in the near field and far field, each codeword needs to cover the entire distance domain.

[0044] In order to design a codeword with the required coverage, we first perform channel sampling in the ψ-μ domain; assume that I uniformly spaced samples are taken in the ψ domain and J uniformly spaced samples are taken in the μ domain. i ,μ j ) belongs to codeword m s,p Coverage area When the codeword at this point has a beamforming gain of D, the beamforming gain of D is expected to be D. On the contrary, if the coordinate (ψ i ,μ j ) is located at codeword m s,p Coverage area Beyond that, the beamforming gain of the codeword at that point is expected to be zero.

[0045] Then m s,p The codeword design problem can be expressed as:

[0046]

[0047] The codeword Can be configured as a beamformer for an AP.

[0048] Since the available phase value of the AP beamformer is limited. Aiming at this practical constraint, this method performs iterative codeword optimization. The algorithm is as follows:

[0049] In each iteration, when optimizing the phase value of the nth unit, the phases of other units are fixed and the function is selected so that Minimize the phase value of element n.

[0050] Assume that the distance range of the codebook service is [r min ,r max ], the service angle range is [ψ min ,ψ max ], given The coverage of the codebook in the μ domain can be derived as Based on the coverage of the codebook and the progressive relationship of the codewords in the angle domain, the coverage area of ​​each layer of codewords can be calculated. As the number of codebook layers S increases, the beam corresponding to the codeword becomes narrower. The beam width of the bottom layer should not exceed the upper limit that the array can generate, expressed as Where Nd is the antenna aperture. Given the number of codebook layers and the coverage of the codebook, the far-field and near-field positioning codebooks can be generated.

[0051] This method considers the electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics in both the near field and the far field, and designs a universal hierarchical positioning codebook. It realizes high-precision and low-overhead positioning by combining multiple APs in the near field and the far field; and realizes the standardized packaging of heterogeneous end-side computing power through containerization technology. The codebook designed by this method can serve both near-field and far-field users.

[0052] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a far-field and near-field positioning codebook system, which includes a hierarchical codebook, wherein the hierarchical codebook is a hierarchical codebook common to near-field and far-field users, and the coverage range of the codewords in the hierarchical codebook is gradually reduced in each layer to obtain the angle of the user relative to each AP, and the coverage range of the beam in the codebook gradually narrows between each layer, thereby locking the user position.

[0053] The system can serve near-field and far-field users, which is specifically achieved through the above-mentioned near-field and far-field positioning codebook design method.

[0054] In the hierarchical codebook, the first layer includes two codewords, each covering half of the angular domain; starting from the second layer, the number of codewords is twice that of the previous layer; the codewords in each layer are divided into two codewords in the next layer, each covering half of the original coverage range.

[0055] With this design, only two codewords are needed for beam training at each layer, and the user feeds back the index of the codeword (1 or 2). During beam training at subsequent layers, two codewords derived from the selected codeword in the previous layer are used, thereby gradually narrowing the user's angular range. Each codeword in the hierarchical codebook can cover all distances in the near field and far field at a specific angle.

[0056] The hierarchical codebook is designed with multi-resolution codewords, and the hierarchical codebook and codewords are designed in the ψ-μ domain, and the method is as follows:

[0057] Assuming that the coverage range of the codebook in the angle domain is [-1, 1], according to the increasing relationship between the coverage ranges of the codewords in the codebook, the pth codeword m in the sth layer of the angle domain can be calculated. s,p The coverage range [ψ s,p,start ,ψ s,p,end ]:

[0058]

[0059] Assume that the coverage of the codebook in the μ domain is [μ min ,μ max ], in order to serve all users in the near field and far field, each codeword needs to cover the entire distance domain.

[0060] In order to design a codeword with the required coverage, we first perform channel sampling in the ψ-μ domain; assume that I uniformly spaced samples are taken in the ψ domain and J uniformly spaced samples are taken in the μ domain. i ,μ j ) belongs to codeword m s,p Coverage area When the codeword at this point has a beamforming gain of D, the beamforming gain of D is expected to be D. On the contrary, if the coordinate (ψ i ,μ j ) is located at codeword m s,p The coverage area P(m s,p ), then the beamforming gain of the codeword at that point is expected to be zero.

[0061] Then m s,p The codeword design problem can be expressed as:

[0062]

[0063] The codeword Can be configured as a beamformer for an AP.

[0064] Since the available phase value of the AP beamformer is limited. Aiming at this practical constraint, iterative codeword optimization is performed. The algorithm is as follows:

[0065] In each iteration, when optimizing the phase value of the nth unit, the phases of other units are fixed and the function is selected so that Minimize the phase value of element n.

[0066] Assume that the distance range of the codebook service is [r min ,r max ], the service angle range is [ψ min ,ψ max ], given The coverage of the codebook in the μ domain can be derived as Based on the coverage of the codebook and the progressive relationship of the codewords in the angle domain, the coverage area of ​​each layer of codewords can be calculated. As the number of codebook layers S increases, the beam corresponding to the codeword becomes narrower. The beam width of the bottom layer should not exceed the upper limit that the array can generate, expressed as Where Nd is the antenna aperture. Given the number of codebook layers and the coverage of the codebook, the far-field and near-field positioning codebooks can be generated.

[0067] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a device for designing and implementing a far-field and near-field positioning codebook, comprising: at least one memory and at least one processor;

[0068] The at least one memory is used to store a machine-readable program;

[0069] The at least one processor is used to call the machine-readable program to implement the far-field and near-field positioning codebook design method described in the above embodiment.

[0070] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable medium, on which computer instructions are stored, and when the computer instructions are executed by a processor, the far-field and near-field positioning codebook design method described in the above embodiment is implemented. Specifically, a system or device equipped with a storage medium can be provided, on which a software program code implementing the functions of any of the above embodiments is stored, and a computer (or CPU or MPU) of the system or device is enabled to read and execute the program code stored in the storage medium.

[0071] In this case, the program code itself read from the storage medium can realize the function of any one of the above-mentioned embodiments, and thus the program code and the storage medium storing the program code constitute a part of the present invention.

[0072] The storage medium embodiments for providing the program code include a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magneto-optical disk, an optical disk (such as CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-ROM, DVD-RAM, DVD-RW, DVD+RW), a magnetic tape, a non-volatile memory card, and a ROM. Alternatively, the program code can be downloaded from a server computer by a communication network.

[0073] In addition, it should be clear that the functions of any of the above embodiments can be implemented not only by executing the program code read by the computer, but also by enabling an operating system operating on the computer to complete part or all of the actual operations based on instructions from the program code.

[0074] In addition, it can be understood that the program code read from the storage medium is written to a memory provided in an expansion board inserted into the computer or written to a memory provided in an expansion unit connected to the computer, and then based on the instructions of the program code, a CPU installed on the expansion board or the expansion unit is enabled to perform part or all of the actual operations, thereby realizing the functions of any of the above-mentioned embodiments.

[0075] The present invention is shown and described in detail above through the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to these disclosed embodiments. Based on the above multiple embodiments, those skilled in the art can know that the code review methods in the above different embodiments can be combined to obtain more embodiments of the present invention, and these embodiments are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for designing a codebook for far and near field positioning, characterized in that: A hierarchical codebook is designed for both near-field and far-field users. The coverage of the codewords in the hierarchical codebook is gradually reduced in each layer to obtain the angle of the user relative to each AP. The coverage of the beam in the codebook gradually narrows between layers to lock the user position.

2. A method for designing a far-field and near-field positioning codebook according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the hierarchical codebook, the first layer includes two codewords, each codeword covers half of the angular domain; starting from the second layer, the number of codewords is twice that of the previous layer; the codewords in each layer are divided into two codewords in the next layer, each codeword covers half of the original coverage range; Beam training for each layer requires only two codewords, and the user feeds back the index of the codeword; during beam training for subsequent layers, two codewords derived from the codeword selected in the previous layer are used, thereby gradually narrowing the user's angular range.

3. The method for designing a far-field and near-field positioning codebook according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each codeword in the hierarchical codebook may cover all distances of the near field and the far field at a specific angle.

4. A method for designing a far-field or near-field positioning codebook according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: Multi-resolution codeword design is performed for the hierarchical codebook. The design method of the hierarchical codebook and codeword in the ψ-μ domain is as follows: Assume that the coverage range of the codebook in the angle domain is [-1, 1], and according to the increasing relationship between the coverage ranges of the codewords in the codebook, calculate the pth codeword m in the sth layer of the angle domain s,p The coverage range [ψ s,p,start ,ψ s,p,end ]: Assume that the coverage of the codebook in the μ domain is [μ min ,μ max ], First, channel sampling is performed in the ψ-μ domain. Assume that I uniformly spaced samples are taken in the ψ domain and J uniformly spaced samples are taken in the μ domain. Then, when the coordinate (ψ i ,μ j ) belongs to codeword m s,p Coverage area When the codeword at this point has a beamforming gain of D, the beamforming gain of D is expected to be D. On the contrary, if the coordinate (ψ i ,μ j ) is located at codeword m s,p Coverage area If , then the beamforming gain of the codeword at this point is expected to be zero; Then m s,p The codeword design problem is expressed as: The codeword Configured as a beamformer for an AP.

5. The method for designing a far-field and near-field positioning codebook according to claim 4, characterized in that: Iterative codeword optimization is performed on the available phase values ​​of the AP beamformer. The algorithm is as follows: In each iteration, when optimizing the phase value of the nth unit, the phases of other units are fixed and the function is selected so that Minimize the phase value of element n.

6. The method for designing a codebook for near and far field positioning according to claim 5, characterized in that: The distance range of the codebook service is [r min ,r max ], the service angle range is [ψ min ,ψ max ], given Then the coverage of the codebook in the μ domain is Based on the coverage of the codebook and the progressive relationship of the codewords in the angle domain, the coverage area of ​​each layer of codewords is calculated; As the number of codebook layers S increases, the beam corresponding to the codeword becomes narrower; the beam width of the bottom layer should not exceed the upper limit that the array can generate, expressed as Where Nd is the antenna aperture; given the number of codebook layers and the coverage of the codebook, the far-field and near-field positioning codebooks can be generated.

7. The method for designing a far-field and near-field positioning codebook according to claim 1, characterized in that: Standardized packaging of heterogeneous end-side computing power is achieved through containerization technology.

8. A far-field and near-field positioning codebook system, characterized in that: A codebook comprising a hierarchical structure, wherein the codebook of the hierarchical structure is a hierarchical codebook common to near-field and far-field users, wherein the coverage of codewords in the hierarchical codebook is gradually reduced in each layer to obtain the angle of the user relative to each AP, and the coverage of the beam in the codebook is gradually narrowed between each layer, thereby locking the user position; The system can serve near-field and far-field users, and is specifically implemented by the near-field and far-field positioning codebook design method described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A device for designing and implementing a far-field and near-field positioning codebook, characterized in that: include: at least one memory and at least one processor; The at least one memory is used to store a machine-readable program; The at least one processor is used to call the machine-readable program to implement the method described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable medium, characterized in that The computer readable medium stores computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, can implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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