Sample feeding apparatus and sample feeding method

Abstract

The invention relates to a sample feeding device and a sample feeding method for feeding a sample container, in particular in the form of a crucible, to an analyzer. According to the invention, the sample containers are aligned in a defined manner with respect to the reproducible correct dispensing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a sample delivery device according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a sample delivery method according to the preamble of claim 10. Background Art

[0002] In modern material analysis, various analyzers are usually used to analyze the components of the samples to be analyzed. For this purpose, different types of analyzers can be used, and a variety of different variants of analyzers are usually provided in the laboratory environment. In this way, the analysis can be performed quickly, cost-effectively and reproducibly. As for economical working methods, especially in the field of commercially operated laboratories, high throughput and the lowest possible time expenditure and the lowest possible cost expenditure are expected. Therefore, the highest possible degree of automation related to material analysis is becoming increasingly important. In addition to the actual analysis, this also particularly involves the field of sample handling, i.e. the preparation of samples, the internal logistics of the laboratory and the feeding of each sample to the corresponding analyzer.

[0003] Various methods are known from the prior art as to how samples for analysis can be prepared as quickly as possible and how operators can easily prepare these samples in operation. The goal here is primarily to avoid errors that can occur frequently in the case of a high proportion of manual work in daily laboratory work, especially in the case of a large workload in order to achieve a high throughput. Known solutions include, for example, conveyor lines or carousel arrangements, via which samples in sample containers, in particular crucibles, are fed to the analyzer in sequence via corresponding interfaces. However, here, it is usually necessary for employees to carry out the labor-intensive step of filling the carrier system, i.e. filling the conveyor belt or the sample container carousel, before the system can achieve a time advantage by automatically conveying and providing the sample containers.

[0004] However, trays etc. with a large number of sample containers can be prepared independently in the preparatory stage of the actual analysis, so that there is no need to prepare in a time-critical manner before the analysis work is about to begin or during the analysis work. Then, the sample container can be supplied to the corresponding conveying system, for example, by such a tray. In particular, when a sample container that does not contain a sample is provided, that is, the sample is loaded into the sample container on or in the analyzer shortly before the actual analysis, in an incorrect manner, for example, the sample container oriented in an upside-down manner may cause considerable interference in the process. Therefore, before the sample container is finally fed to the analyzer, the sample container is partially checked, for example, the sample container is checked using an optical method, a camera, a grating or the like, and the process is stopped and the operator is notified by an error message when an orientation error is detected. Since this may cause a relatively long process delay and thus cause a corresponding high downtime cost, the corresponding container tray etc. must be carefully filled in advance.

[0005] Another alternative is that a motorized clamping arm automatically moves back and forth between a sample container storehouse, such as a tray or a conveyor chain and an analyzer to pick up each sample container and feed each sample container to this arrangement of the analyzer. This method has an additional advantage, namely that more complicated sample or sample container can be processed by this clamping arm, such as when different types of sample containers require different processing or when the interface of the analyzer requires accurate alignment. If a suitable detection device is used, this mechanical arm can also partially correct the incorrect direction of the sample container, such as when the sample container is incorrectly placed or the sample container falls on the tray. However, at this, a significant disadvantage is the fragility of a very complex mechanical device in some places, which may include a large amount of interlocking or functionally connected movable parts. The more complex the structural design of this robotized solution is, the higher the relevant procurement cost is usually. Faults or defects also mean relatively high maintenance costs or part replacement costs.

[0006] Against this background, the object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a method for feeding sample containers to an analyzer in a rapid and reliable manner, wherein the workload of the operator in handling the sample containers and the probability of errors are respectively minimized. Summary of the invention

[0007] According to the invention, the above-mentioned task is solved by a sample feeding device having the features of claim 1. In the sample feeding device according to the invention, the sample containers are distributed by corresponding distribution devices, from which the individual sample containers are directly or indirectly (i.e. after the corresponding transport) fed to the analyzer for analysis. The distribution device can, for example, be formed by a distribution opening or a distribution channel or have a distribution opening or a distribution channel. According to the invention, an alignment device is provided before the distribution device, by which the sample container can be aligned in a defined manner. In this case, the target is generally defined as an alignment suitable for transferring the sample container to the analyzer and therefore suitable for trouble-free further processing of the sample container. It should be understood that this may vary depending on the analyzer.

[0008] In particular in the case of crucible-shaped sample containers, which have a basic shape of a hollow cylinder or hollow cuboid open at one end, the correct orientation is usually defined such that the opening is directed upwards, so that the sample can be filled into the internal sample receiving space under gravity. In this case, the sample containers are usually distributed downwards via a distribution channel with a free-fall section, where they are picked up by a receiving element or sample container catcher of an analyzer or another sample feeding device. The sample containers can be further transported into, onto or from such a receiving element, for example by a conveyor belt or a simple gripper arm, wherein the correct alignment is already ensured by the sample feeding device according to the invention.

[0009] In order to align the sample container, the alignment device particularly has a reversing device, by which the orientation of the sample container can be selectively changed. In this context, the orientation of the sample container should be understood as being particularly relative to the longitudinal axis of the sample container. Therefore, for example, a sample container with an incorrect orientation before distribution can be reversed, and thereby the sample container is in an orientation defined as correct. In particular, this can mean that the sample container is rotated 180 ° so that the sample container has an opposite orientation relative to the longitudinal axis of the sample container after reversal. Alternatively or additionally, further influences can also be taken on the position of the sample container, such as a rotational motion around the longitudinal axis, so that the sample container also has a clearly defined orientation in this regard.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the reversing device has a pin, which first inhibits the movement of the sample through the container alignment device. In particular, when the sample container moves at least substantially in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the sample container, the sample container can be passed unchanged by means of this pin-shaped element, or a reversal of the sample container can be caused before or during further movement, depending on the orientation of the upcoming sample container. In particular, a preferred crucible-shaped sample container can be used here, which has an opening at one side, which usually points upward when the crucible-shaped sample container is distributed or transferred to the analyzer in the correct orientation. If this sample container with a hollow barrel shape, a hollow cuboid shape or a similar shape moves along the longitudinal axis of the sample container, for example, moves through a feed channel and reaches the alignment device, the front end of the sample container can come into contact with the pin of the reversing device.

[0011] Here, two situations are mainly distinguished. On the one hand, the sample container may first arrive with a closed bottom, so that during the unimpeded or unaffected further movement, the sample container already has a generally correct orientation. On the other hand, when the sample container arrives at or in the alignment device, the sample container may have an orientation that is reversed relative to the longitudinal direction of the sample container. In this case, the reversal of the sample container leads to a change in the orientation of the sample container, so that the closed bottom reaches the position of the opening, and vice versa. If the sample container is reversed before or as it is released for further movement, the sample container also has the correct orientation when the sample container is dispensed, wherein the opening faces upward.

[0012] The action of the pins of the inverting device is in particular such that a sample container, which is ideally crucible-shaped or cup-shaped and which arrives at the pins in a wrong orientation, is first moved so that the pins are inserted into the interior of the sample receiving space. The movement of the sample container is completed at the latest when the bottom of the sample container touches the end side of the pins on the inside.

[0013] The pin is preferably supported in a pivotable manner so that when it comes into contact with the incoming sample container, the pin is deflected from the rest position to the release position, in particular, the pin is deflected from the rest position to the release position by the own weight of the sample container. If the pin first contacts the closed end of the sample container when it comes into contact with the sample container, the pin moved to the release position preferably allows the sample container to continue to move unchanged, for example along a movement path towards the dispensing opening. However, if the sample container is first moved with the opening in front, so that the pin of the inverting device engages with the interior of the sample container, the sample container is forced to first follow the lateral pivoting movement of the pin before continuing to move. Here, the longitudinal orientation of the sample container is preferably changed at least to such an extent that it is ensured that the sample container has the correct orientation when the sample container is dispensed.

[0014] Preferably, the sample container is moved by the sample feed device in the region of the alignment device at least predominantly due to gravity, i.e. due to the deadweight of the sample container. In this case, the sample container slides, for example, along the feed channel in the direction of the alignment device or the inversion device. According to the invention, the sample container does not have to be moved strictly vertically, i.e. in the direction of the plumb line. Similarly, a movement at an acute angle to the horizontal plane or even parallel to the horizontal plane can also be provided in particular.

[0015] With regard to the direction in which the sample container is fed to the alignment device, the reversing device is preferably designed so that the pin supported in a pivotable manner is aligned in the rest position of the pin at least substantially in the direction of the sample container to be reached, wherein the longitudinal axis of the pin preferably extends at least substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the sample container when the sample container reaches the reversing device, or there is an acute angle between the longitudinal axis of the pin and the sample container, preferably an acute angle of up to 45°. The pin can thus be easily moved to the release position by the own weight of the sample container that has arrived. In particular, the release position is at least substantially aligned downward, i.e. aligned in the direction of gravity. Therefore, the sample container that has been correctly aligned ideally first moves through the alignment device with the closed end, wherein the reversing device or the pin-shaped element of the reversing device is pivoted out of the movement path only due to the weight of the sample container. In contrast, the sample container that arrives in the opposite direction, i.e. the sample container that arrives first with the open end, first slides onto the pin, so that the pivoting movement of the pin is not triggered by contacting the outside of the bottom of the sample container at the end side, but by the inner wall of the sample container against the pin. After the joint downward pivoting movement, the sample container preferably slides off the pin due to gravity and continues to move in the direction of the dispensing device, for example along a free-fall path through the dispensing channel.

[0016] In an alternative embodiment, the alignment device can also have a structure in which the sample container is first placed in a horizontal position, wherein the longitudinal axis of the sample container is at least substantially perpendicular to the plumb line direction. From this position, the sample container can then move along a free fall path perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the sample container. The impact device, such as a crossbar or a plate-shaped and / or wedge-shaped element, preferably arranged in the central part of the longitudinal extension of the sample container, causes the sample container to acquire an angular momentum transverse to the longitudinal direction of the sample container when the impact device touches the sample container, so that the longitudinal axis of the sample container is tilted in the horizontal direction toward an orientation with a plumb line direction component. Due to the one-sided closed shape of the crucible-shaped sample container, the crucible-shaped sample container has an asymmetric mass distribution with respect to its longitudinal axis. Therefore, the angular momentum always has such an effect when the sample container touches the impact element: the heavier bottom of the sample container is at least substantially oriented downward in the plumb line direction, so that the sample container has a generally preferred orientation with the opening upward when it moves further in the falling direction. If a sample container aligned in this way subsequently reaches a dispensing device of a sample feeding device, for example by entering a dispensing channel having a dispensing opening at its end, correct alignment is ensured during dispensing.

[0017] In the case where the pin of the reversing device can be moved between a rest position and a release position, the pin is preferably subjected to a restoring force acting in the direction of the rest position. This can be achieved by an elastic support, a magnetically active element such as a permanent magnet and / or an electromagnet, an at least partially elastic design of the reversing device or the pin, and / or also by a torque applied by a motor. This restoring force ensures that after the sample container is released, it is always in the starting position again for stopping the forward movement of the next sample container and reversing the next sample container as required.

[0018] It is particularly preferred that the reversing device has a weight or a counterweight to exert a restoring force. Such a counterweight can be arranged, if necessary, on the side of the pivot bearing or the pivot axis opposite to the pin. In particular, the weight has a mass sufficient to cause a torque in the direction of the rest position that is greater than the torque exerted by the mass of the pin alone in the direction of the release position. At the same time, the counterweight is preferably dimensioned such that the torque exerted in the direction of the rest position is less than the weight that is usually exerted on the opposite side, in particular on the pin side, in the direction of the release position when the arriving sample container comes into contact with the pin, in particular when the arriving sample container slides onto the pin with its inner area.

[0019] In order to adapt to different types of sample containers, the pin and / or the corresponding counterweight can be adjustable, removable and / or replaceable. In particular, by adjusting the counterweight accordingly, the torque for normal operation can be adapted to the mass of the sample container used. In a preferred embodiment, the counterweight can be adjusted in a manner related to the length of the action lever, for example, the counterweight can be adjusted in a manner related to the length of the action lever by a threaded member.

[0020] In order to interrupt the sample feeding operation as required, the alignment device can have a locking device for locking the reversing device and / or for blocking the movement of the sample container through the alignment device. It should be understood that such a locking device can also be activated before the alignment device in order to stop or slow down the continued movement of the sample container in the direction of the alignment device. In this way, the sample feeding device according to the invention not only ensures the correct alignment of the sample container, but also makes it possible to record the feeding or feeding rate of the sample container to the analyzer corresponding to the speed at which the respective analysis is performed.

[0021] Preferably, the dispensing device is equipped with a corresponding dispensing sensor, by means of which the dispensing success or completion of the dispensing of the sample container can be detected. Thus, on the one hand, it can be recognized whether or when the feeding process of the sample container to the analyzer is completed, so that the feeding of the next sample container can continue. On the other hand, with the aid of such a dispensing sensor, it is also possible to recognize whether a fault has occurred in the transport path of the sample container, in particular in the area of ​​the dispensing device, for example, whether the sample container is tilted in the dispensing channel.

[0022] Since the sample feeding device according to the invention ensures that the sample containers are always correctly aligned when they are distributed to the analyzer, the requirements for the pre-provision of sample containers, i.e., in terms of replenishment, are also reduced accordingly. Accordingly, the operator no longer has to be concerned that each individual sample container has been correctly aligned before being inserted into the sample feeding device according to the invention. In a preferred design, the sample feeding device according to the invention has a filling device correspondingly thereto for filling a plurality of sample containers into the sample feeding device in a simplified manner. In particular, this can be a funnel-shaped component arrangement or the funnel itself, and alternatively or additionally, this can be a pouring ramp or a similar filling opening, which enables the plurality of sample containers to be loaded into the sample feeding device by simply pouring them in. In particular, this allows such a procedure: in the procedure, a storage bag in which a large number of randomly aligned sample containers are prepared can be opened, and the contents can be filled into the sample feeding device via the filling device. In addition to eliminating the high costs associated with aligning and arranging the sample containers individually on a tray or the like, this also eliminates the disadvantage of direct contact between the operator and the sample container. On the one hand, this reduces the risk of contamination of the sample container and thus reduces the risk of falsification of the analysis results of the sample to be subsequently placed in the container. On the other hand, graphite sample containers, in particular graphite sample containers in the form of graphite crucibles, are used for various applications. Here, the individual handling of the sample container usually leads to undesirable contamination of the material used to handle the sample container or to undesirable contamination of the operator's hands when the operator's hands come into contact with the container. This problem is largely eliminated by simply pouring out a bundle (Sammelgebinde) with a plurality of sample containers.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, the sample feed device according to the invention has a separation device, by means of which individual samples can be removed from a plurality of sample containers, which may be present in the form of a loose pile, and fed individually to the alignment device. This further simplifies the operation of the system and further supports the trouble-free operation of the alignment device and the sample feed device as a whole.

[0024] The separation device is preferably designed as a transfer wheel or has a transfer wheel. The transfer wheel can have a receptacle for the sample containers or preferably a plurality of receptacles for the sample containers, by means of which the individual sample containers are received from the stock and transported further in the direction of the alignment device. The dimensions of the receptacle are preferably such that only one sample container enters the receptacle at a time, but there is sufficient clearance around the sample container so that the sample container can enter the receptacle smoothly and does not tilt when leaving the receptacle again, and the sample container cannot be captured by the receptacle if the sample container is not in a specific orientation.

[0025] The corresponding receiving section of the separation device for the sample container can, for example, have a cross section which gradually increases towards the opening of the receiving section, so that the sample container, in particular in the form of a loose pile, can easily enter the receiving section regardless of the alignment direction of the sample container. Alternatively or additionally, a slightly inclined orientation of the receiving section can also be provided, wherein the opening of the receiving section, through which the sample container can enter the receiving section, is offset relative to the deeper area of ​​the receiving section, in particular in the direction of movement of the separation device. This supports more reliable sorting of individual sample containers from a disordered accumulation, for example in the form of a large pile or a loose pile.

[0026] The separated sample container preferably reaches the alignment device from the separation device via a feed channel. In particular, the feed channel is dimensioned so that the sample container can only move through the feed channel parallel to the longitudinal axis of the sample container, so that the sample container reaches the alignment device either first with the bottom or first with the opening. This additionally supports the normal operation of the alignment device as described above.

[0027] It should be understood that the feed channel is not limited to a specific length or a specific direction in principle. In particular, if the movement of the sample container through the feed channel due to its own weight is to be utilized, the alignment direction of the feed channel can have a component in the direction of the plumb line at least in a portion. In addition to the direction in the vertical direction or the direction at a certain angle to the horizontal plane, a series of different route sections can also be set. Curved sections are also possible. If, for example, in an alternative design of the alignment device, especially when using an impact element in the manner described above, the horizontal alignment of the sample container is to be achieved before the sample container falls freely in the direction of the impact element, the feed channel can have such a shape, wherein the sample container is first accelerated due to the at least substantially vertical falling section, and then travels through the curved section until the sample container becomes horizontally oriented, and continues to move in this form to the feed opening, through which the sample container leaves the feed channel downward in the direction of the impact element.

[0028] The feed channel can be equipped with a sensor, by which the entry, exit and / or presence of a sample container in the feed channel can be detected, or the movement of the sample container through the feed channel can be detected. This makes it easy to implement a check operation in terms of trouble-free transportation of the sample container by the sample feeding device. Here, a key point is, for example, to transfer the separated sample container from the separator to the feed channel at the corresponding discharge port, or to transfer it to the feed channel at the entry opening. If the sample container is stuck between the wall of the feed channel and the lateral boundary of the receiving portion of the separator at this place, the process may stop or even damage the mechanical device. The corresponding sensor can help to identify such faults as early as possible.

[0029] It is also possible to prevent the sample container from getting stuck when entering the feed channel by means of a widened discharge opening and / or a separate widened discharge section of the feed channel. In this case, the section of the feed channel that is arranged at the discharge opening, i.e. in particular the section of the feed channel that faces the separation device, is preferably designed to be funnel-shaped and tapers gradually from the entry opening of the feed channel, i.e. in particular in the direction of the subsequent alignment device. Particularly preferably, the widened section of the feed channel, in particular the funnel-shaped section, has an asymmetrical shape, wherein the side of the widening that is larger than the central section is ideally oriented in the direction of movement of the sample container moved through the separation device.

[0030] The sample feed device preferably has a regulating device for regulating the movement speed of the separation device. In the case of a transfer wheel, the movement speed is in particular the rotation speed of the transfer wheel. Thus, based on the data of any sensors present, if a malfunction is imminent, such as a jammed sample container, the movement of the separation device can be slowed down or completely stopped. It should be understood that corresponding sensors, in particular position sensors, speed sensors and / or acceleration sensors can also be provided to detect the movement speed of the separation device.

[0031] Alternatively or in addition, the alignment device, in particular the reversing device of the alignment device, can also be actively controlled and operated by a corresponding regulating device and / or control device. In this respect, corresponding data of various sensors of the above-mentioned type can also be used.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, a filling level sensor is also provided, which monitors the filling level in the region of the filling device or in a reservoir arranged in the filling device. In particular, the filling device can also be equipped with a plurality of sensors, wherein, for example, one sensor monitors the filling level of the sample container reservoir with relatively rough accuracy so that a signal or message can be output by a corresponding control device when the filling level falls below a certain level and the sample containers need to be refilled. In particular, another sensor can detect here whether any sample containers are filled and, for example, after detecting that the last sample container from the feed device has been used, issue a message so that the operation of the sample feed device or the movement of components of the sample feed device, in particular components of the separation device, is stopped by the corresponding control device.

[0033] The sample delivery method according to claim 10 is also of particular inventive significance.

[0034] According to the method, feeding samples or sample containers to the analyzer is performed by first providing a plurality of sample containers. These sample containers are preferably substantially crucible-shaped sample containers, in particular, the substantially crucible-shaped sample containers have the basic shape of a hollow cylinder and / or a hollow cuboid closed at one end.

[0035] According to the method, the sample containers are then separated, wherein this can in particular be carried out automatically by a corresponding separation device.

[0036] According to the method, a single sample container is then aligned in a defined manner in an orientation defined according to the application scenario. The orientation depends in particular on how the sample container is subsequently used with or by the analyzer. It is particularly preferred that the sample container is provided in an upright orientation with an opening facing upward so that the sample container can be filled with sample material from above, in particular by gravity. The sample container is oriented in particular by selectively reversing the orientation of the sample container relative to the longitudinal axis of the sample container. Preferably, a distinction is made here as to whether the sample container is already in a substantially correct orientation or in an initial position suitable for the correct orientation. In particular, only when this is not the case, a reversal is performed. Otherwise, the continued movement of the sample container can be realized or released unhindered. The sample container is aligned or reversed in particular by a corresponding alignment device, preferably using a corresponding reversing device.

[0037] Finally, if necessary, according to the method, the sample container is dispensed in an inverted orientation. Ultimately, the method according to the invention thus ensures that all dispensed sample containers have an orientation suitable for further use with the analyzer, regardless of their initial position.

[0038] It should be understood that all embodiments and application aspects described above in relation to the sample delivery device can also be used in a corresponding manner in the sample delivery method according to the present invention.

[0039] In the following, the invention will be described in more detail with reference to preferred embodiments. All described and / or illustrated features constitute independent aspects of the invention, regardless of any combination of all these features in the illustrated embodiments or reference relationship in the claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] in,

[0041] Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view showing a preferred embodiment of a sample feeding device according to the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 Shows the corresponding Figure 1 In another operating state Figure 1 of a sample feeding device;

[0043] Figure 3 Shows Figure 1 A schematic perspective view of a sample feeding device;

[0044] Figure 4 Shows Figure 1 An alternative schematic perspective view of a sample delivery device;

[0045] Figure 5 Shows Figure 1 A schematic side view of a sample feeding device;

[0046] Figure 6 a schematic perspective view showing an alternative embodiment of a sample delivery device according to the present invention; and

[0047] Figure 7 Shows Figure 6 Schematic side view of a sample delivery device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] Figure 1 and Figure 2 A preferred design of a sample feeding device 1 according to the invention is shown. The sample feeding device 1 is used to feed a sample container 2 to an analyzer, which is not shown in detail for the sake of clarity. Generally, the sample feeding device 1 according to the invention can also preferably be coupled not only to a specific analyzer, but also suitable for use with different analyzers. Another possibility is to use the sample feeding device 1 according to the invention as only one element in a series of independent sample supply sections in a laboratory environment.

[0049] The sample feeding device 1 according to the invention is characterized in that the sample feeding device 1 distributes the sample containers 2 in a clearly defined alignment or orientation by means of the dispensing device 3, so that the sample containers 2 can be directly and correctly used further by the subsequent analyzer. According to the invention, the sample containers 2 are aligned by means of the alignment device 4, which is functionally and structurally located before the dispensing device 3. In the present case, "arranged in front" refers in particular to the direction of movement of the sample containers through the various sections or components of the sample feeding device 1.

[0050] In the embodiment shown, the alignment device 4 has an inverting device 5, by means of which the orientation of the sample container 2 relative to the longitudinal axis of the sample container 2 can be selectively changed or inverted. In the present context, "selectively" means that the orientation of the sample container 2 is only changed if it is necessary due to the initial position of the sample container 2, in order to correctly align the sample container 2 for further use by the analyzer through the dispensing device 3.

[0051] exist Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the preferred embodiment shown, the reversing device 5 has a pin 6 which is supported in a pivotable manner and can be moved in a Figure 1 The rest position shown in Figure 2 Move between the release positions shown in .

[0052] The pin 6 does not necessarily have to be cylindrical or have a constant thickness or a constant cross-sectional shape. The term "pin" encompasses all types of elongated parts. These elongated parts can be, for example, material projections or material tongues of different shapes. In the sense of the present invention, a spindle, a cone or a tapered pin also functionally belongs to the term "pin".

[0053] When the sample container 2 reaches the alignment device 4 (eg Figure 1As shown in the figure, the pin 6 of the inverting device 5 in the rest position first prevents the sample container 2 from moving further in the direction of the dispensing device 3. In the present case, the sample container 2 has the preferred shape of a crucible and has an interior 7 and a bottom 8, which closes the sample container 2 at one of its end sides so that the interior 7 can only be accessed from one side. If the sample container 2 hits the pin 6 of the inverting device 5 at the front with the bottom 8, the sample container 2 exerts a torque in the direction of the release position on the inverting device 5 due to its own weight. This may be the case in particular when the longitudinal axis or the movement direction of the sample container 2 is at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the pin 6 of the inverting device 5 when it reaches the alignment device 4, that is, the longitudinal axis of the sample container 2 and the longitudinal axes of the pin 6 or the inverting device 5 are not completely parallel as a whole. Due to the applied torque, the inverting device 5 is moved in the direction of the release position by causing the pin 6 to pivot downward about the pivot axis 9 and make way for the sample container 2 to continue to move. Figure 2 moves in the direction of its released position shown in .

[0054] However, if the sample container 2 is as described in Figure 1 As shown in FIG. 1 , the sample container 2 first reaches the alignment device 4 with the open side of the sample container 2, and the pin 6 engages with the interior 7 of the sample container 2. The movement of the sample container 2 ends at the latest when the distal end of the pin 6 comes into contact with the inner bottom 10 of the sample container 2. In this state, the sample container 2 is located in particular above the distribution channel 11 of the distribution device 3. Therefore, the sample container 2 preferably leaves the feed channel 12, through which the sample container 2 is fed to the alignment device 4. In this state, the sample container 2 is preferably only held by the inverting device 5 or the pin 6 of the inverting device 5. If the inverting device 5 is now moved in the direction of the release position of the pin 6 of the inverting device 5, the pin 6 moves to a position pointing downward in the direction of the distribution device 3. The sample container 2 follows this movement of the inverting device 5 and even causes this movement of the inverting device 5 by the own weight of the sample container 2. As a result, the orientation of the sample container 2 relative to its longitudinal axis is effectively rotated by 180° compared to the original position of the sample container 2, wherein this should be understood as relative to the movement direction of the sample container 2. The angle actually existing between the orientation of the sample container 2 upon arrival and the orientation of the sample container 2 when it is dispensed ultimately depends on the detailed structural design. However, the specific shape and size of the individual components of the sample delivery device 1 according to the invention can vary in individual cases depending on the respective application, for example depending on the downstream analyzer.

[0055] As according to Figure 1 and Figure 2As can be seen in the cross-sectional view of , the distribution device 3 or the corresponding distribution channel 11 is particularly shaped so that there is enough space in the area of ​​the alignment device 4 or the inversion device 5 to allow the inversion device 5 to move together with the sample container 2 without any problems. For this purpose, the distribution channel 11 can have a conical cross-sectional shape, for example, or be widened accordingly in another way.

[0056] In the exemplary embodiment shown, the reversing device 5 has a counterweight 13 on the side of the pivot axis 9 facing away from the pin 6, which counterweight 13 applies a torque in the direction of the rest position to the reversing device 5. In particular, the counterweight 13 can be adjusted, for example, the counterweight 13 can be adjusted by changing the distance from the pivot axis 9, i.e. by changing the length of the lever arm.

[0057] The change of the position of the counterweight 13 relative to the pivot axis 9 can be achieved, for example, by fastening the counterweight 13 with a thread, wherein the counterweight 13 is axially displaced on the thread by further tightening or loosening. According to the invention, both an internal threaded portion and an external threaded portion can be provided on the counterweight 13, and the counterweight 13 interacts with the corresponding mating threaded portion. It should be understood that, as an alternative to the thread, a pure displacement of the counterweight 13 on the support arm of the reversing device 5 is also possible. The counterweight 13 is preferably fixed to prevent position changes relative to the pivot axis 9, wherein such fixing is particularly achieved according to the principle of force fit or friction fit and / or form fit.

[0058] Alternatively or additionally, the counterweight 13 may also be removable or replaceable.

[0059] By changing or replacing the counterweight 13, the torque, i.e. the restoring force, acting in the direction of the resting position of the inverting device 5 can be adjusted. In this way, the inverting device 5 can be adjusted to work with sample containers 2 of different masses. The ideal result is that, in a state where the inverting device 5 is not in contact with the sample container 2, the torque acting in the direction of the resting position is dominant, thereby ensuring that the inverting device 5 automatically returns to the resting position. If the inverting device 5 is then applied with the weight of the sample container 2 at the end of the inverting device 5 opposite to the counterweight 13 relative to the rotation axis 9, i.e., in particular at the pin 6 or the pin-shaped element, the torque acting in the direction of the release position is dominant, thereby triggering the movement of the inverting device 5.

[0060] Alternatively or in addition to the counterweight 13, the restoring force can also be caused by a spring device, a magnetic or electromagnetic acting component and / or the overall design of the counter device 5, in particular the overall design of the pin 6 made of a flexible or elastic material. In the context of the present invention, a combination of different means is also possible.

[0061] In addition to the other configurations of the inverting device 5 described above, another alternative that can also be realized is that the inverting device 5 is actively moved, in particular motor-driven, into the release position and / or the rest position. This makes it possible to control and influence the course or operation of the alignment device 4 and thus ultimately the sequence or operation of the sample feed device 1 as a whole to a certain extent.

[0062] The locking device, not shown in detail, can be used to prohibit the movement of the inversion device 5 and / or fix the inversion device 5 in a specific position, in particular a rest position and / or a release position. Alternatively or additionally, corresponding locking devices can also be provided to block the movement of the sample container 2 through the feed channel 12, the alignment device 4 and / or the distribution device 3.

[0063] Within the scope of the invention, a corresponding locking device can act in particular in a form-fitting manner by introducing a blocking member into the movement path of the sample container 2 and the inverting device 5. Alternatively or additionally, the blocking effect can also be achieved according to the force locking principle, for example, the blocking effect can also be achieved by increasing the friction force on the pivot axis 9 and / or clamping the sample container 2, for example, by reducing the cross section of the feed channel 12 by means of clamping jaws or similar members.

[0064] The sample delivery device 1 according to the invention may also have one or more sensors. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the preferred embodiment shown in , for example, a dispensing sensor 14 is provided, which is configured on the dispensing device 3 and arranged at the end of the dispensing channel 11, that is, arranged near the dispensing opening 15. The successful dispensing of the sample container 2 can be verified by the dispensing sensor 14. It can then be concluded that a new sample container 2 can pass through the alignment device 4 and the dispensing device 3 without interference.

[0065] The testing, control and / or regulating device can use the data obtained by the corresponding sensors to inform the operator via a corresponding user interface in the event of a fault being detected in the process, in particular to issue a warning message. In addition, a statistical investigation of the operation can be carried out, for example in relation to the absolute number of sample containers 2 dispensed and / or the number of sample containers 2 dispensed per unit time. Preferably, the operation of the sample feed device 1 itself, in particular the operation of the alignment device 4, can also be regulated as an alternative or in addition to the recorded sensor data, for example by activating or deactivating a corresponding locking device.

[0066] In the exemplary embodiment shown, the pivotable inverting device 5 has a pivoting range of approximately 90°. In the rest position, the counterweight 13 abuts against the rest stop 16. The movement of the inverting device 5 in the direction of the release position is limited by the release stop 17. If the sample container 2 has already left the inverting device 5 before reaching the release stop 17 (in the case of inverting the sample container 2) or has already passed through the inverting device 5 in the direction of the dispensing device 3 (in the case of the sample container 2 arriving with the correct orientation), the inverting device 5 will from this point on move back toward the rest position again. The release position is therefore to be understood functionally and should not be strictly defined by reaching the maximum deflection of the inverting device 5 or reaching the release stop 17. The same applies to the rest position if a new sample container 2 has already reached the inverting device 5 before it abuts against the rest stop 16.

[0067] exist Figure 3 and Figure 4 In the stereogram and according to Figure 5 In the side view of the sample feeding device 1, it can be seen that in the exemplary embodiment shown, the sample feeding device 1 according to the invention has a filling device 18, which is particularly in the form of a funnel, or a pouring ramp, or a combination of the two. The filling device 18 is preferably designed so that a receiving volume for a sample container reservoir is formed in the inner area delimited by the filling device 18. Alternatively or additionally, a separate reservoir can also be provided, which is filled by the filling device 18. Thus, a plurality of sample containers 2 can already be stored in the sample feeding device 1, so that a continuous supply to a downstream analyzer can be maintained over a relatively long period of time by sequentially distributing the sample containers 2. In particular, the filling device 18 is dimensioned to be sufficient to store at least 10, preferably at least 25, particularly preferably at least 50 sample containers 2.

[0068] For example, a filling level sensor 19 can be used to detect the number of sample containers 2 in the reservoir. Preferably, a plurality of filling level sensors 19 can also be used.

[0069] The sensors used within the scope of the present invention can in principle work in different ways or according to different principles of action. In particular, designs according to the grating principle are suitable for detecting the passage or presence of a sample container 2 at a specific position. An exemplary application of a grating sensor is a distribution sensor 14. Other sensors that can detect the presence of one or more sample containers 2 work, for example, according to the inductive principle and / or with the aid of LIDAR. An example of such a sensor is a filling height sensor 19. However, it should be understood that each of the mentioned sensors can work according to each of the mentioned exemplary principles after all, and combinations, such as inductive measurements supported by LIDAR using another sensor, are also possible.

[0070] In the embodiment shown, the separation device 20 is used to feed the sample containers 2 from the storage in the area of ​​the filling device 18 individually to the alignment device 4, so that the separation device 20 can work without interference on the one hand, and on the other hand, one sample container 2 can be allocated and fed to the analyzer in sequence. In this example, the separation device 20 is designed as a conveyor wheel 21 or has a conveyor wheel 21. Alternatively, a design scheme as a conveyor belt, a conveyor chain, etc. is also feasible.

[0071] The transfer wheel 21 is designed in particular in the form of a paddle wheel and preferably has a plurality of receptacles 22 for sample containers 2 , which are respectively separated from one another by paddle elements 23 and are defined in the shape of these paddle elements.

[0072] The transfer wheel 21 is driven in rotation by a motor and is arranged in particular relative to the filling device 18 in such a way that the receptacle 22 moves past the sample container 2 in the filling device 18 or in the sample container storage. The outer region of the transfer wheel 21 with the paddle elements 23 and the receptacle 22 defined by the paddle elements extends in particular through a housing part 25, the width of which corresponds approximately to the height of the paddle elements 23, by which the paddle elements 23 protrude from the bottom plate 26 of the transfer wheel 21 and thus define the width of the receptacle. In the region of the housing part 25, the receptacle 22 is delimited accordingly by the paddle elements 23, the bottom plate 26 of the transfer wheel 21 and by the wall of the housing part 25 and can only be accessed from an opening that is directed at least substantially radially inwards.

[0073] Due to the corresponding arrangement of the filling device 18 on the housing part 25, the transition between the filling device 18 and the housing part 25 extends in particular in the region of the accessible opening of the receiving part 22 and / or slightly above this region, i.e. is offset radially inwards. Due to the corresponding inclination and / or shape of the filling device 18, which can also be provided only in sections, for example as a dumping ramp, the sample containers 2, in particular the sample containers 2 in the form of loose piles, now come to bear against the bottom plate 26 of the transfer wheel 21 and enter the receiving part 22 at least sporadically due to the effect of gravity. This process can be supported by the corresponding asymmetrical shape of the receiving part 22 and / or the orientation of the receiving part 22 inclined relative to the radial direction in combination with the rotation of the transfer wheel 21. The inclination of the receiving part 22 is predetermined by the shape of the paddle element 23 and is preferably designed such that the opening of the receiving part 22 is offset in the radial direction in the direction of rotation of the transfer wheel 21.

[0074] If the sample container 2 is introduced into the receiving portion 22, in particular from a loose deposit, the orientation of the sample container 2 can ultimately assume only two states in the illustrated embodiment of the sample delivery device 1. Either the bottom 8 of the sample container 2 points radially outwards, as in Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the sample container 2a in FIG. 1 , either the bottom 8 is directed radially inwardly, so that the opening of the interior 7 of the sample container 2 is directed radially outwardly, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 Like the other sample container 2b shown in FIG.

[0075] The separation device 20 is now connected to the alignment device 4 via the feed channel 12. The separated sample containers 2 can leave the receiving section 22 of the transfer wheel 21 radially outward through the corresponding discharge openings 27 and from there enter the feed channel 12, wherein the separated sample containers 2 initially retain their orientation. When the sample containers 2 reach the alignment device 4 with the inversion device 5 via the feed channel 12, the orientation of the sample containers 2 is reversed in the manner described above, if necessary, so that all sample containers 2 have the same orientation when they reach the distribution device 3.

[0076] The feed channel 12 can have a discharge section at the end of the feed channel 12 facing the discharge opening 27, ie facing the separation device 20, which has a cross section that widens in the direction of the discharge opening 27. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an asymmetrical structure with a greater widening in the direction of rotation of the transfer wheel 21 is preferred. This reduces the risk of the sample container 2 getting stuck when it passes from the receiving portion through the discharge opening 27 into the discharge section and the feed channel 12.

[0077] In principle, the movement speed of the separation device 20, in particular the rotation speed of the transfer wheel 21, should be reasonably calculated depending on the size of the sample container 2 and how quickly the sample container 2 can slide out of the receiving portion 22 due to the surface properties of the sample container 2 interacting with the surface delimiting the receiving portion 22. Alternatively or additionally, the position of the discharge opening 27 in the direction of rotation should also be taken into account here, because the influence of the vertically acting gravity on the acceleration of the sample container 2 is calculated based on this.

[0078] The further the discharge opening 27 is positioned in the lower region of the conveyor wheel 21, i.e. the steeper the sample container 2 is when leaving the receiving portion 22, the greater the acceleration of the sample container 2 when leaving the receiving portion. Since the sample container 2 is still partially located in the receiving portion 22 and partially already located in the feed channel 12 or the discharge section 28 of the feed channel 12 when leaving the receiving portion 22, care must be taken to ensure that the separation device 20 is not moved too far so that the receiving portion 22 moves too far away from the discharge opening 27, so that the sample container 2 is stuck and the movement of the separation device 22 and thus the operation of the entire sample feed device 1 is disrupted.

[0079] In order to avoid the above problems, the moving speed of the separation device 20 can be monitored and adjusted by means of a regulating device. For this purpose, a corresponding sensor can be provided. In particular, the discharge sensor 29 configured in the separation device 20 can be arranged in particular in the area of ​​the discharge outlet 27 and can detect the presence of the sample container 2 in the receiving part 22 close to the discharge outlet 27 or directly at the discharge opening 27.

[0080] This unloading sensor 29 can also detect whether the sample container 2 has completely left the receiving portion 22. If the sample container 2 has not left the receiving portion 22 when the forward movement of the separation device 20 reaches a certain point, and the sample container 2 is about to be stuck in the above-mentioned manner at this point, the movement speed of the separation device 20 can be reduced or completely stopped by the adjustment device until the sample container 2 completely leaves the receiving portion 22.

[0081] It should be understood that in order to monitor the rotation speed of the transfer wheel 21 or the movement speed of the separation device 20, one or more corresponding sensors can usually be set up, and the one or more corresponding sensors can directly measure the movement speed and / or measure the traveled distance or the traveled rotation angle.

[0082] Figure 6 and Figure 7 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the sample delivery device 1 according to the invention. Here, too, the filling device 18 and the separation device 20 are arranged in the manner described above.

[0083] However, the alignment device 4 is designed such that the alignment device 4 requires substantially no moving parts.

[0084] The feed channel 12 guides the sample container 2 separated by the separation device 20 to the alignment device 4. In this example, the feed channel 12 is shaped so that the sample container 2 first passes through a section extending at least substantially vertically, on which the sample container 2 is accelerated by gravity. This is followed by a curved section 30, which deflects the sample container 2 and puts the sample container 2 in a horizontal orientation, which is preferably at least substantially perpendicular to the direction of the plumb line. In this position, the sample container 2 still moves a certain distance along the horizontal section 31 of the feed channel 12 due to the inertia of the sample container 2 until it reaches the release opening 32.

[0085] The sample container 2 now leaves the release opening 32 in a horizontal downward orientation and reaches, by free fall, an alignment device having an inversion device 5 in the form of an impact element 33. The impact element 33 is currently designed as a rod extending transversely to the longitudinal axis of the incoming sample container 2. In particular, the impact element 33 is arranged here relative to the release opening 32 so that the sample container 2 strikes the impact element 33 approximately in the middle of the sample container 2 relative to the longitudinal extension of the sample container 2. Due to the one-sided arrangement of the bottom 8, the sample container 2 preferably has an asymmetrical mass distribution, so that the sample container 2 acquires an angular momentum when striking the impact element 33, which always brings the sample container 2 into an upright orientation, so that the bottom 8 points downward. In this orientation, which is basically suitable for further use with an analyzer in most cases, the sample container 2 falls further into a collecting funnel 34, the tapering shape of which corrects the over-rotation of the sample container 2, and finally into the dispensing device 3, by which the sample container 2 is finally dispensed.

[0086] Regardless of the design of the sample feed device 1, in particular the alignment device 4, a catch device 35 can be installed downstream of the dispensing device 3, which receives the dispensed sample container 2 in the correct orientation. The final transport to the analyzer can then follow via or from the catch device 35.

[0087] Reference numerals list

[0088] 1 Sample feeding device 18 Filling device

[0089] 2 sample containers 19 level sensors

[0090] 2a sample container 20 separation device

[0091] 2b Sample container 21 Transfer wheel

[0092] 3. Dispensing device 22 receiving portion

[0093] 4 Alignment device 23 Paddle element

[0094] 5 reversing device 24 motor

[0095] 6 pin 25 housing part

[0096] 7 internal 26 bottom plate

[0097] 8Bottom 27 discharge port

[0098] 9 Rotating shaft 28 unloading section

[0099] 10 Inner bottom 29 Unload sensor

[0100] 11 Distribution channel 30 Bend section

[0101] 12 Feed channel 31 horizontal section

[0102] 13 counterweight 32 release opening

[0103] 14 distribution sensor 33 impact element

[0104] 15 distribution opening 34 collection funnel

[0105] 16 Stationary stop 35 catch device.

[0106] 17 Release the stopper

Claims

1. A sample feeding device (1) for feeding sample containers (2) to an analyzer, the sample containers (2) being in particular crucible-shaped sample containers, the sample feeding device (1) having a dispensing device (3) for dispensing the sample containers (2), It is characterized in that An alignment device (4) is arranged upstream of the dispensing device (3) and serves to align the sample container (2) in a defined manner.

2. The sample feeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alignment device (4) has an inversion device (5) for selectively changing the orientation of the sample container (2) relative to the longitudinal axis of the sample container (2).

3. The sample feeding device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The reversing device (5) has a pin (6) which is preferably pivotably supported and / or the reversing device (5) is movable between a rest position and a release position, in particular the pin (6) is movable between a rest position and a release position.

4. The sample feeding device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The reversing device (5) is subjected to a restoring force acting in the direction of the restoring position, and preferably, the reversing device (5) has a counterweight (13) for applying the restoring force, wherein the counterweight is particularly adjustable, removable and / or replaceable.

5. The sample delivery device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that A locking device is provided, and the locking device is used to lock the reversing device (5) and / or to prevent the sample container (2) from moving.

6. The sample delivery device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The dispensing device (3) is provided with a dispensing sensor (14) for detecting the dispensing of the sample container (2).

7. The sample delivery device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The sample feed device (1) has a filling device (18), which preferably has a funnel and / or a pouring ramp, and is used to fill the sample feed device (1) with a plurality of sample containers (2), wherein the filling device (18) is preferably equipped with at least one filling level sensor (19).

8. The sample delivery device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The sample feeding device (1) has a separation device (20) for separating the sample containers (2), preferably wherein the separation device (20) comprises a transfer wheel (21), the transfer wheel (21) preferably having one or more receptacles (22) for the sample containers (2).

9. The sample feeding device according to claim 8, characterized in that: An adjusting device is provided, which is used to adjust the moving speed of the separation device (20), and in particular, the adjusting device is used to adjust the rotation speed of the conveying wheel (21).

10. A sample feeding method for feeding a sample container (2) to an analyzer, the sample feeding method comprising the following steps: Providing a plurality of sample containers (2), the sample containers (2) being in particular crucible-shaped containers; Separating the sample container (2); orienting a single sample container (2) in a defined manner, wherein the sample container (2) is selectively inverted depending on the orientation of the sample container (2) relative to a longitudinal axis of the sample container (2); The sample container (2) is distributed.

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