Method for treating spartina alterniflora at estuary of river

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for treating spartina alterniflora at a river estuary, and belongs to the technical field of ecological environment engineering. The method comprises the following steps: cutting off spartina alterniflora in the dormancy period of autumn and winter, covering the spartina alterniflora by using a waterproof cloth for one year, and recycling the waterproof cloth for secondary utilization; wherein the seams of the grass-proof cloth are spliced in an overlapping manner. According to the method, excessive large equipment is not needed in the whole treatment process, the situation that a construction area is messy by means of deep ploughing, root digging, deep burying and the like is avoided during construction, the growth rhythm of the spartina alterniflora is utilized, the spartina alterniflora is treated according to the growth rhythm of the spartina alterniflora, the treatment effect is good, meanwhile, water permeability and air permeability are good, soil texture is not affected, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. Water can be rapidly drained in rainy seasons and urgent rain weather, and the waterlogging influence is prevented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological environment engineering, and particularly relates to a method for controlling Spartina alterniflora at a river estuary. Background Art

[0002] Spartina alterniflora Loisel is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Spartina in the Poaceae family. It is native to the Atlantic coast of America. In the late 1970s, it was introduced to my country as an ecological engineering project for promoting siltation and land reclamation and coastal protection. Due to its strong competitiveness and reproductive capacity, it is widely distributed from north to south along the coast of my country and has become a dominant community in my country's coastal wetlands. It has played a positive role in windbreak and bank protection, promoting siltation and land reclamation. However, it has also caused great harm to the biological security and ecosystem stability of my country's coastal areas. It has become the most serious invasive plant in the global coastal wetland ecosystem and has been included in the "China's First List of Alien Invasive Species". Therefore, the rapid spread of Spartina alterniflora and its negative effects have become a focus of attention in coastal areas.

[0003] Existing Spartina alterniflora control technology mainly includes physical, chemical and biological three major categories, among which biological control is still in the experimental stage, and many mechanisms are still unclear, and chemical methods have many potential risks of environmental hazards, especially related to the coastal areas of Jiangsu Province in nature reserves and natural habitats. The following main methods are mainly included in the physical prevention measures, the first mowing method (by repeatedly mowing close to the root during the growth season of Spartina alterniflora to suppress the growth of Spartina alterniflora), the second tillage method, the deep burial method (the root system of Spartina alterniflora is destroyed by large machinery, and the Spartina residue is buried in the soil, so as to suppress its recurrence) and the third flooding method (by flooding Spartina alterniflora, preventing it from photosynthesis and respiration and thus suppressing its growth). However, the mowing method needs to be constructed many times a year, and it is impossible to effectively control Spartina alterniflora, and the growth of Spartina alterniflora can only be subject to certain restrictions, resulting in repeated work, consuming huge manpower and material resources, and protracted. The tillage method and deep burial method have high requirements for construction accuracy and supervision. If the construction is not carried out in full accordance with the operating instructions, the possibility of residual Spartina alterniflora is very high, almost reaching 100%. Scattered Spartina will lead to a large-scale recurrence next year. Even if all the Spartina is buried underground, there will still be a few Spartina with tenacious vitality that can break through the soil layer, grow and quickly form a prairie fire. Although the flooding method can achieve a 100% removal rate of Spartina during the flooding period, whether it will recur after the flooding time is up remains to be considered. In addition, the flooding time is more than half a year, and the project time is long. The water level must be kept constant during the flooding, which is also a large amount of work and requires continuous investment of manpower and material resources.

[0004] At present, most of the treatment methods for Spartina alterniflora on coastal mudflats are not effective for the special areas where Spartina alterniflora grows. There are many estuaries along the coast, and there are also sporadic strips of Spartina alterniflora in areas where there are seawater channels at the estuaries, but the sporadic distribution is not suitable for large-scale treatment. At the same time, there are a large number of wind power equipment and buried cables along the coast. Large-scale mechanical construction cannot be carried out in these areas, and pesticides cannot be used.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for regulating the Spartina alterniflora at a river estuary. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for treating Spartina alterniflora at the estuary of a river. The present invention belongs to a physical method, the whole treatment process does not require too much large-scale equipment, and during the construction period, deep plowing, root digging and deep burial and other means will not be used to make the construction area messy. The present invention utilizes the growth rhythm of Spartina alterniflora, treats Spartina alterniflora according to its growth law, and while the treatment effect is good, the water permeability and air permeability are good, the soil quality is not affected, and the water can be quickly drained in the rainy season and sudden rain weather to prevent the influence of waterlogging, and the treatment effect of sporadically distributed Spartina alterniflora is excellent.

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A method for controlling Spartina alterniflora at a river estuary comprises cutting the Spartina alterniflora during its dormant period in autumn and winter, covering it with a grass-proof cloth for one year, and recycling the grass-proof cloth for secondary use; wherein overlapping splicing is adopted at the seams of the grass-proof cloth.

[0009] Furthermore, the overlapping splicing is folded double-layer overlapping splicing.

[0010] Furthermore, the stubble height after cutting the Spartina alterniflora is less than 10 cm.

[0011] Furthermore, the specification of the anti-grass fabric is 120g / m 2 ~150g / m 2 .

[0012] Furthermore, the specification of the anti-grass fabric is 120g / m 2 .

[0013] Furthermore, the anti-grass cloth is fixed to the ground using ground nails after covering.

[0014] Furthermore, the total length of the ground nails is 16 cm to 30 cm.

[0015] Furthermore, the total length of the ground nails is 16 cm.

[0016] Furthermore, the density of the ground nails is less than 50 cm / piece.

[0017] Furthermore, after the anti-grass cloth is covered, soil blocks are used to compact the ground nail fixing positions, seams and the middle position of the ground cloth.

[0018] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0019] (1) The present invention is a physical method. The entire treatment process does not require too much large equipment. Depending on the actual terrain, mechanical equipment may not be required. During the construction period, deep plowing, root digging and deep burial will not be used to make the construction area messy. The impact on the construction area and the surrounding environment is very small, and the regional image after the construction is completed is also very good.

[0020] (2) The present invention utilizes the growth rhythm of Spartina alterniflora and treats Spartina alterniflora according to its growth law, and has an excellent treatment effect on Spartina alterniflora that is sporadically distributed in ditches and is not suitable for large-scale treatment.

[0021] (3) The present invention uses grass-proof cloth for treatment, which has good water permeability and air permeability, does not require soil destruction, solves the problem of special areas not being allowed for construction, and causes less damage to the original soil ecology.

[0022] (4) The control method of the present invention can quickly drain water during the rainy season and sudden rain weather to prevent the impact of waterlogging, and has an excellent control effect on sporadically distributed Spartina alterniflora. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is a real scene picture after the anti-grass cloth of the present invention is laid;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a picture showing the effect of the grass-proof cloth of the present invention covering the grass for half a year when the grass reaches the growth stage of Spartina alterniflora;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a comparison diagram of the grass-proof cloth covering and no covering of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a comparison diagram of the grass-proof cloth (left) and agricultural film (right) of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a coverage diagram of Spartina alterniflora with different covering measures of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 Comparison diagram of the seam treatment of the grass-proof cloth covering of the present invention (a: single-layer splicing; b: single-layer overlap; c: folded double-layer splicing; d: folded double-layer overlap);

[0029] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the coverage of Spartina alterniflora treated with different grass-proof fabric seams of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the degree of damage to the ground cloth caused by ground nails of different lengths according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0032] The grass-proof cloth used in the following examples is PP and PE grass-proof cloth with anti-aging agent added, which has a long service life, good weather resistance, acid and alkali corrosion resistance, no fear of microorganisms and insect pests, high physical strength, large tensile strength, strong and durable, not easy to break, and not afraid of wind. The warp and weft intersections should not break at the same time, the warp ≥400N / 50mm, the weft ≥400N / 50mm, and the oil or other stains are no more than 3 per square meter. After 48h UV aging test, the warp ≥300N / 50mm, the weft ≥300N / 50mm; the shading rate is >99%.

[0033] The specifications of the ground nails used in the following embodiments are: PP material, antioxidant added, corrosion-resistant, high-strength and not easy to break, hardness>70%, toughness>85%, and the ground nail head width is 3.5 cm.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] Spartina alterniflora was controlled in Chuandong Gate, Dafeng District, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province (part of the Spartina growth area in this area is located at the river estuary, and large-scale machinery is difficult to construct) and Chuanshuiwan Wetland, Dongtai County, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province. The control methods are as follows:

[0036] (1) In the autumn and winter dormancy period (after November), before the germination of Spartina alterniflora, a lawn mower is used to carry out local mechanical mowing of Spartina alterniflora distributed in the estuary or in the ditch connected to the sea. The Spartina alterniflora growing area is where cables are buried or other Spartina growing areas where mechanical construction is not allowed. Spartina alterniflora is cut manually with a sickle. The Spartina alterniflora is cut close to the root, leaving a stubble height of 10 cm, cutting off photosynthesis before the germination of Spartina alterniflora to prevent its effective growth. There is no underground cable laying in the Chuandong Gate area, so a lawn mower is used to mow the Spartina alterniflora. There is underground optical cable laying in some Spartina growing areas in the Chuanshuiwan Wetland in Dongtai County. Mechanical construction is strictly prohibited in this area. Therefore, when mowing Spartina alterniflora in this area, only sickles or hand-held lawn mowers are used manually.

[0037] (2) After cutting Spartina alterniflora, use 120g / m 2The anti-grass cloth is used for full coverage. For areas where the width is too wide to customize the anti-grass cloth, the anti-grass cloth is folded and overlapped in two layers. A width of 10 cm is reserved at the joints of the two anti-grass cloths. The cloths are folded inward at 5 cm from the edge. After overlapping, they cover the area to be treated with Spartina alterniflora and are fixed to the ground with ground nails with a total length of 16 cm and a head width of 3.5 cm. The density of the ground nails is 30 cm / piece. The remaining four sides of the anti-grass cloth are folded inward and fixed with ground nails. At the ground nail fixing points, seams and the middle of the ground cloth, soil blocks are dug with an engineer shovel for compaction. The actual scene after the anti-grass cloth is laid is as follows: Figure 1 shown.

[0038] (3) After the grass-proof cloth is covered, it is kept for one year, spanning the entire growth cycle of Spartina alterniflora. In the second year, the cloth is removed and recycled for secondary use, and the control of Spartina alterniflora is completed. The effect of the grass-proof cloth covering the grass for half a year when it reaches the growth period of Spartina alterniflora is shown in the figure below. Figure 2 shown.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a picture showing the effect of the grass-proof cloth covering the plant for half a year when the plant reaches the growth period of Spartina alterniflora. It can be seen from the picture that the growth potential of the covered Spartina alterniflora is extremely weak. Due to the lack of photosynthesis, the coverage rate of the Spartina alterniflora is extremely low. Most of the individual Spartina alterniflora grown are also in a state of withered yellow and wilting, and do not have the conditions to form a population advantage and cause invasion.

[0040] Comparative Example 1

[0041] The method for controlling Spartina alterniflora at the estuary of a river is exactly the same as that in Example 1, except that the specifications of the grass-proof cloth are 50 g / m 2 , 70g / m 2 , 90g / m 2 , 100g / m 2 , 140g / m 2 , 150g / m 2 , no covering, and using 2-filament agricultural film, 4-filament agricultural film, 8-filament agricultural film, 12-filament agricultural film, 16-filament agricultural film, and 20-filament agricultural film. The comparison between grass-proof cloth covering and no covering is shown in the figure below. Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the comparison between anti-grass cloth and agricultural film covering is as follows Figure 4 The coverage results of Spartina alterniflora under different covering measures are shown in Figure 5 shown.

[0042] Figure 3 This is a comparison diagram of the grass-proof cloth covering and no covering of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a comparison diagram of the grass-proof cloth (left) and agricultural film (right) of the present invention; Figure 5 The coverage of Spartina alterniflora with different covering measures of the present invention is shown in the figure; it can be seen from the figure that when the cloth specification reaches 120g / m 2After that, Spartina alterniflora no longer grows. Although the thicker the ground cloth is, the better the shading effect is, but considering the cost comprehensively, 120g / m 2 Compared with ground cloth, agricultural film of the same price has slightly worse control effect. The reason is that agricultural film is more easily damaged by the external environment, and the stems of Spartina alterniflora are easier to puncture, while the cost of more puncture-resistant agricultural film is higher. At the same time, because agricultural film is not permeable to water, it is very easy to cause water accumulation in the rainy season in coastal areas, which in turn causes other problems.

[0043] Comparative Example 2

[0044] The method for treating Spartina alterniflora at the estuary of a river is exactly the same as that in Example 1, except that the method of covering the seams with anti-grass cloth is changed to single-layer seams, single-layer overlap, and folded double-layer seams. Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the coverage of Spartina alterniflora with different anti-grass fabric seams is as follows Figure 7 shown.

[0045] Figure 6 Comparison diagram of the seam treatment of the grass-proof cloth covering of the present invention (a: single-layer splicing; b: single-layer overlap; c: folded double-layer splicing; d: folded double-layer overlap); Figure 7 The present invention is a diagram of the coverage of Spartina alterniflora when different anti-grass cloth seams are processed; as can be seen from the figure, only when the ground cloth is overlapped and spliced, the growth of Spartina alterniflora can be effectively restricted, and only when double-layer folding and overlapping splicing are selected, the growth of Spartina alterniflora can be completely restricted. The reason is that the splicing is the weakest link in the whole elimination process, so the seam should be applied with additional coverage, and the folded double-layer overlap can just achieve the effect of additional coverage, and can better prevent the curling of the ground cloth to achieve the elimination effect.

[0046] Comparative Example 3

[0047] The method for treating Spartina alterniflora at the estuary of a river is exactly the same as the method in Example 1, except that the length of the ground nails is changed to 11 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm and 30 cm. The results of the damage degree of the ground cloth to the ground nails of different lengths are as follows: Figure 8 shown.

[0048] Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the degree of damage to the ground fabric caused by ground nails of different lengths of the present invention. It can be seen from the figure that ground nails below 16 cm may cause curling, ground fabric tearing, and ground fabric being blown away by the wind in actual use. Considering the cost and other factors, it is most appropriate to choose a ground nail of 16 cm.

Claims

1. A method for controlling Spartina alterniflora at a river estuary, characterized in that: During the dormant period in autumn and winter, the Spartina alterniflora is cut off and covered with anti-grass cloth for one year. The anti-grass cloth is recycled for secondary use; the seams of the anti-grass cloth are overlapped and spliced.

2. The method for controlling Spartina alterniflora at the estuary of a ditch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The overlapping splicing is folded double-layer overlapping splicing.

3. The method for controlling Spartina alterniflora at the estuary of a ditch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stubble height after the Spartina alterniflora is cut is less than 10 cm.

4. The method for controlling Spartina alterniflora at the estuary of a ditch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specification of the anti-grass fabric is 120g / m 2 ~150g / m 2 .

5. The method for controlling Spartina alterniflora at the estuary of a ditch according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specification of the anti-grass fabric is 120g / m 2 .

6. The method for controlling Spartina alterniflora at the estuary of a ditch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-grass cloth is fixed to the ground using ground nails after covering.

7. The method for controlling Spartina alterniflora at the estuary of a ditch according to claim 6, characterized in that: The total length of the ground nails is 16 cm to 30 cm.

8. The method for controlling Spartina alterniflora at the estuary of a river according to claim 7, characterized in that: The total length of the ground nail is 16 cm.

9. The method for controlling Spartina alterniflora at the estuary of a ditch according to claim 6, characterized in that: The density of the ground nails is less than 50 cm / piece.

10. The method for controlling Spartina alterniflora at the estuary of a river according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the anti-grass cloth is covered, soil blocks are used to compact the ground nail fixing positions, the joints and the middle position of the ground cloth.

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