Plasma atherosclerotic plaque ablation catheter

Abstract

The invention discloses a plasma atherosclerotic plaque ablation catheter, and belongs to the technical field of plasmas, the plasma atherosclerotic plaque ablation catheter comprises a catheter body, and the catheter body comprises an expansion balloon; the plasma generating device is arranged on the outer side of the dilatation balloon, plasma channels are formed in the plasma generating device, and outlets of the plasma channels face the plaque; the substance conveying channel is communicated with the plasma generating device, and the substance conveying channel is used for conveying water or plasma active hydrogel to the plasma generating device; the microelectrode device is arranged in the plasma generating device, the microelectrode device is connected with the high-voltage power supply through a wire, the microelectrode device ionizes water or plasma active hydrogel to generate reactive oxygen species, and the reactive oxygen species flow to plaques through a plasma channel; and performing early plaque ablation on reactive oxygen substances excited by plasmas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of plasma technology, and in particular to a plasma atherosclerotic plaque ablation catheter. Background Art

[0002] The occurrence and development of atherosclerotic plaques leads to coronary artery stenosis and is one of the main driving factors of coronary heart disease. The technology of removing stenotic blood vessels and recanalizing them is currently the main means of treating coronary artery stenosis. For patients with moderate to severe stenosis lesions with a stenosis degree greater than 30%, balloon dilatation, stent implantation and other means are used for treatment. The main purpose of these methods is, on the one hand, to split up severely calcified lesions, making it easier for the stent to expand; on the other hand, to squeeze the plaque into the blood vessel wall through stent expansion, thereby ensuring the vascular lumen area. After stent implantation, it is often necessary to take medication for a long time, conduct anticoagulation and lipid-lowering treatment, and reduce postoperative risks and the possibility of plaque regeneration.

[0003] At present, the treatment of coronary artery stenosis often occurs after the onset of chest pain symptoms. On the one hand, stent implantation may cause related surgical risks, such as inappropriate stent size, stent edge dissection, in-stent restenosis, in-stent thrombosis and a series of risk events. Especially for lesions of the left main trunk and the anterior trifurcated bifurcation of the main trunk, improper stent placement can easily lead to serious dissection tears and death. On the other hand, anticoagulants and lipid-lowering drugs need to be taken for a long time after stent surgery, which is not suitable for some patients, so stent treatment is not possible. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention proposes a plasma atherosclerotic plaque ablation catheter, which can perform early plaque ablation based on plasma-excited reactive oxygen species to prevent plaques from further progressing to stent implantation.

[0005] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the plasma atherosclerotic plaque ablation catheter includes: a catheter body, which includes an expansion balloon; a plasma generating device, which is arranged on the outside of the expansion balloon, and a plasma channel is opened on the plasma generating device, and the outlets of the plasma channel are all arranged toward the plaque; a material delivery channel, which is connected to the plasma generating device, and the material delivery channel is used to deliver water or plasma-active hydrogel to the plasma generating device; a microelectrode device, which is arranged in the plasma generating device, and the microelectrode device is connected to a high-voltage power supply through a wire, and the microelectrode device ionizes water or plasma-active hydrogel to generate active oxygen species, and the active oxygen species flows toward the plaque through the plasma channel.

[0006] The plasma atherosclerotic plaque ablation catheter according to the embodiment of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: the plasma generating device is delivered to the target area through the catheter pump body and the expansion balloon, and the plasma generating device is made to fit the atherosclerotic plaque, and then the plasma generating device releases active oxygen substances to the atherosclerotic plaque, so that the atherosclerotic plaque decomposes itself, thereby achieving early intervention and inhibition of the atherosclerotic plaque, and avoiding further progression of the plaque causing serious subsequent adverse events. It avoids the commonly used method of relieving vascular stenosis by implanting stents in coronary intervention surgery, which is helpful to reduce stent-related adverse events; secondly, plasma adheres to the surface of the stenotic blood vessel and releases reactive oxygen species through physical and chemical reactions to decompose the plaque by itself, rather than through the mechanical process of balloon expansion or stent expansion. This greatly reduces the plaque displacement and vascular endothelial damage caused by the mechanical expansion process, and helps to reduce the risks of dissection tears and side branch occlusions; thirdly, because no foreign objects are implanted in the body, there is no need to take anticoagulants for a long time after surgery, which effectively reduces the physical, mental and economic burden on patients, and also makes the operation more applicable, so that patients who are not suitable for stent implantation can also receive relevant treatment.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the plasma generating device includes an insulating portion, a plasma channel is opened on the insulating portion, and the microelectrode device is arranged in the plasma channel.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of plasma channels are provided, and the plurality of plasma channels are arranged axially along the guide tube.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the microelectrode device includes two groups of needle-shaped electrode assemblies, and the two groups of needle-shaped electrode assemblies are arranged perpendicular to each other in a cross shape.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a needle-shaped electrode assembly includes: a first electrode, the first electrode includes a first discharge tip, and the first discharge tip is needle-shaped; a second electrode, the second electrode includes a second discharge tip, and the second discharge tip is needle-shaped, the first electrode and the second electrode are arranged along the same straight line, the first discharge tip and the second discharge tip are arranged facing each other, and the polarities of the first electrode and the second electrode are opposite.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the microelectrode device includes a third electrode and a fourth electrode, both of which are buried in the insulating part, and the third electrode and the fourth electrode are respectively located on the left and right sides of the plasma channel, and the polarities of the third electrode and the fourth electrode are opposite.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the plasma channel is cylindrical, and arc walls are provided on the sides of the third electrode and the fourth electrode facing the plasma channel.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the plasma channel is cylindrical, and the microelectrode device includes a fifth electrode and a sixth electrode. The fifth electrode is a needle-shaped electrode, and the fifth electrode is arranged along the axial direction of the plasma channel. The sixth electrode is an annular electrode, and the annular electrode is arranged along the inner wall of the plasma channel. The polarities of the fifth electrode and the sixth electrode are opposite.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the fifth electrode is an anode and the sixth electrode is a cathode.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a plasma generation chamber is further provided in the insulating portion, one end of the plasma generation chamber is connected to the material transport channel, the other end of the plasma generation chamber is connected to the plasma channel, and the microelectrode device is arranged in the plasma generation chamber.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the microelectrode device includes a seventh electrode and an eighth electrode, the seventh electrode and the eighth electrode are arranged parallel to each other, the seventh electrode is a flat electrode, the eighth electrode includes a plurality of eighth discharge tips, the plurality of eighth discharge tips are all arranged toward the seventh electrode, and the polarity of the seventh electrode is opposite to that of the eighth electrode.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the eighth electrode is in a sawtooth shape.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the seventh electrode is a cathode and the eighth electrode is an anode.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the catheter body is an integral exchange balloon catheter.

[0020] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the catheter body is a rapid exchange balloon catheter.

[0021] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the dilation balloon is a compliant balloon.

[0022] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a developing structure is provided on the plasma generating device, and the developing structure is used to display the position of the plasma generating device under X-rays.

[0023] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the developing structure includes tungsten powder particles.

[0024] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, wherein:

[0026] Figure 1is a schematic structural diagram of a plasma atherosclerotic plaque ablation catheter according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a plasma generating device based on double-needle electrode discharge;

[0028] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A top view of

[0029] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of the middle A;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a plasma generating device based on dielectric barrier discharge;

[0031] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A top view of

[0032] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of a plasma generation device based on needle-ring electrode discharge;

[0033] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of a plasma generating device based on plate-sawtooth electrode discharge.

[0034] Reference numerals:

[0035] Catheter body 100; dilatation balloon 110;

[0036] Plasma generating device 200; plasma channel 210; insulating portion 220; developing structure 230; plasma generating chamber 240;

[0037] Material delivery channel 300;

[0038] Microelectrode device 400; first electrode 410; first discharge tip 411; second electrode 420; second discharge tip 421; third electrode 430; fourth electrode 440; arc wall 431; fifth electrode 450; sixth electrode 460; seventh electrode 470; eighth electrode 480. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0040] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that descriptions involving orientations, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., and orientations or positional relationships indicated are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0041] In the description of the present invention, "several" means more than one, "many" means more than two, "greater than", "less than", "exceed", etc. are understood to exclude the number itself, and "above", "below", "within", etc. are understood to include the number itself. If there is a description of "first" or "second", it is only used for the purpose of distinguishing the technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0042] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, terms such as setting, installing, connecting, etc. should be understood in a broad sense, and technicians in the relevant technical field can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific content of the technical solution.

[0043] refer to Figures 1 to 6 A plasma atherosclerotic plaque ablation catheter according to an embodiment of the present invention is described.

[0044] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the plasma atherosclerotic plaque ablation catheter according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a catheter body 100 , a plasma generating device 200 , a substance delivery channel 300 and a microelectrode device 400 .

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, the catheter body 100 is provided with an expansion balloon 110 , which is arranged along the axial direction of the catheter body 100 . The expansion balloon 110 is made of elastic material, and can expand and contract along the radial direction of the catheter body 100 .

[0046] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the plasma generator 200 is arranged outside the expansion balloon 110, so that the expansion and contraction of the expansion balloon 110 can drive the plasma generator 200 to move radially along the catheter body 100. The plasma generator 200 is provided with a plasma channel 210, and the outlet of the plasma channel 210 is arranged to face away from the expansion balloon 110. When the expansion balloon 110 enters the narrow area of ​​the target blood vessel, the outlet of the plasma channel 210 faces the atherosclerotic plaque.

[0047] like Figure 1As shown, the material delivery channel 300 is connected to the plasma generating device 200, and the material delivery channel 300 is used to deliver water or plasma-active hydrogel to the plasma generating device 200. The material delivery channel 300 is arranged along the catheter body 100, one end of the material delivery channel 300 is connected to the plasma generating device 200, and the other end of the material delivery channel 300 away from the plasma generating device 200 is connected to the water supply mechanism, and a section of the material delivery channel 300 close to the plasma generating device 200 is embedded in the surface of the expansion balloon 110, and the water supply mechanism delivers water or plasma-active hydrogel to the plasma generating device 200 through the material delivery channel 300, and the water supply mechanism adopts a medical automatic or manual pump. It can be imagined that in addition to embedding the material delivery channel 300 on the surface of the expansion balloon 110, the material delivery channel 300 can also be connected to the bottom of the plasma generating device 200 by penetrating the material delivery channel 300 inside the expansion balloon 110.

[0048] like Figures 2 to 6 As shown, the microelectrode device 400 is arranged in the plasma generator 200, and the microelectrode device 400 is connected to the high voltage power supply through a wire. The water or plasma active hydrogel entering the plasma generator 200 through the material delivery channel 300 is ionized by the microelectrode device 400 to produce reactive oxygen species, and the reactive oxygen species flows to the atherosclerotic plaque through the plasma channel 210. The atherosclerotic plaque is composed of extracellular lipid particles, foam cells and fragments. Reducing the lipid components in the foam cells and promoting the apoptosis of foam cells derived from macrophages by generating reactive oxygen is an effective means of early plaque reduction. Reactive oxygen species are generated by plasma. When the reactive oxygen species penetrate into the plaque and the foam cells through the vascular endothelium, the apoptosis of foam cells can also be induced, thereby achieving the effect of early plaque ablation. It can be imagined that the microelectrode device 400 can be arranged in the cavity of the plasma generator 200, or in the plasma channel 210 of the plasma generator 200.

[0049] When using the plasma atherosclerotic plaque ablation catheter to ablate early atherosclerotic plaques, the expansion balloon 110 on the catheter body 100 is first introduced into the narrow area of ​​the target blood vessel through the guide wire in the catheter, and physiological saline is pumped into the expansion balloon 110 to expand the expansion balloon 110. The expansion balloon 110 becomes larger in radial dimension along the catheter body 100, and the plasma generator 200 outside the expansion balloon 110 approaches the atherosclerotic plaque until the outlet of the plasma channel 210 is attached to the atherosclerotic plaque. At this time, water or plasma-active hydrogel is pumped into the plasma generator 200 through the material delivery channel 300, and the microelectrode device 400 in the plasma generator 200 ionizes water to generate active oxygen species. The active oxygen species flow to the atherosclerotic plaque through the plasma channel 210, and the plaque ablation is achieved by generating active oxygen species in a liquid environment through high-voltage discharge between the electrode anode and the cathode.

[0050] Thus, the plasma generating device 200 is delivered to the target area through the catheter pump body and the expansion balloon 110, and the plasma generating device 200 is made to fit the atherosclerotic plaque, and then the plasma generating device 200 releases active oxygen substances to the atherosclerotic plaque, so that the atherosclerotic plaque decomposes itself, thereby achieving early intervention and inhibition of the atherosclerotic plaque, and avoiding further progression of the plaque to cause serious subsequent adverse events. It avoids the commonly used method of relieving vascular stenosis by implanting stents in coronary intervention surgery, which is helpful to reduce stent-related adverse events; secondly, the plasma adheres to the surface of the stenotic part of the blood vessel and releases reactive oxygen species through physical and chemical reactions to decompose the plaque by itself, rather than through the mechanical process of balloon expansion or stent expansion. This greatly reduces the plaque displacement and vascular endothelial damage caused by the mechanical expansion process, and helps to reduce the risks of dissection tears and side branch occlusions; thirdly, because no foreign objects are implanted in the body, there is no need to take anticoagulants for a long time after surgery, which effectively reduces the physical, mental and economic burden on patients, and also makes the operation more applicable, so that patients who are not suitable for stent implantation can also receive relevant treatment.

[0051] like Figures 2 to 6As shown, the plasma generating device 200 includes an insulating portion 220, a plasma channel 210 is provided on the insulating portion 220, and a microelectrode device 400 is arranged in the plasma channel 210. The insulating portion 220 is opened to form a plasma channel 210, and water or plasma-active hydrogel enters the plasma channel 210 through the material delivery channel 300, and is ionized by the microelectrode device 400 arranged in the plasma channel 210 to generate plasma. There are multiple plasma channels 210, and the multiple plasma channels 210 are arranged axially along the catheter body 100. Since the expansion balloon 110 is ellipsoidal, the outlet of the plasma channel 210 near the middle position is closer to the plaque, while the outlets of the plasma channels 210 on the left and right sides are farther from the plaque. Therefore, during the expansion of the expansion balloon 110, the outlet of the plasma channel 210 near the middle position will first fit the atherosclerotic plaque, while the outlets of the plasma channels 210 on the left and right sides are not fitted to the plaque at this time. Only by further increasing the pressure in the expansion balloon 110 can the outlets of the plasma channels 210 on the left and right sides also fit onto the plaque.

[0052] By adjusting the pressure in the expansion balloon 110, the number of plasma channels 210 attached to the atherosclerotic plaque can be adjusted. When the target plaque is short, the pressure in the expansion balloon 110 is controlled to be low, so that the outlets of one or two plasma channels 210 near the middle position are attached to the plaque; when the target plaque is long, the pressure in the expansion balloon 110 is controlled to be high, so that the outlets of all plasma channels are attached to the plaque as much as possible. Thus, different pressures are applied to the expansion balloon 110 according to the length of the target plaque, so as to ablate the plaque more specifically, ensure the effect of plaque ablation, and avoid damage to the vascular endothelium.

[0053] The microelectrode device 400 generates plasma through high-voltage discharge between the anode and cathode electrodes. The high-voltage electric field partially ionizes the liquid between the electrodes to form free charged particles. These charged particles are accelerated under the action of the electric field and collide with the molecules in the liquid, further exciting or ionizing the molecules in the liquid, thereby generating plasma. After the plasma contacts water, it can efficiently generate active oxygen species. There are four types of microelectrode devices 400 to be introduced in the present invention. The first type is to set two sets of needle-shaped electrode assemblies in the plasma channel 210; the second type is to adopt the form of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD); the third type is the form of needle-ring electrode discharge; and the fourth type is the form of plate-sawtooth electrode discharge.

[0054] like Figures 2 to 4As shown, in the plasma generating device 200 based on double needle electrode discharge, the microelectrode device 400 includes two groups of needle electrode assemblies, the two groups of needle electrode assemblies are arranged perpendicular to each other in a cross shape, and the two groups of needle electrode assemblies are arranged in the plasma channel 210. The needle electrode assembly includes a first electrode 410 and a second electrode 420, the first electrode 410 includes a first discharge tip 411, and the first discharge tip 411 is needle-shaped. The second electrode 420 includes a second discharge tip 421, and the second discharge tip 421 is needle-shaped. The first electrode 410 and the second electrode 420 are arranged along the same straight line, the first discharge tip 411 and the second discharge tip 421 are arranged facing each other, and the polarities of the first electrode 410 and the second electrode 420 are opposite.

[0055] The insulating part 220 of the plasma generator 200 is provided with a plurality of plasma channels 210, and the plasma channels 210 are cylindrical, so the inner circumference of the plasma channels 210 is an insulating medium layer, two first electrodes 410 and two second electrodes 420 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the plasma channels 210, and the first discharge tip 411 and the second discharge tip 421 are both arranged toward the axis of the plasma channels 210, and the first electrode 410 and the second electrode 420 are respectively connected to a high-voltage AC power supply, and after the high-voltage AC power is supplied, the polarity of the first electrode 410 and the second electrode 420 at the opposite position are opposite. Figure 4 As shown, when the first electrode 410 at the rear is the anode, the second electrode 420 (i.e., the second electrode 420 at the front) that is directly opposite to the first electrode 410 is the cathode. The liquid between the two first electrodes 410 and the two second electrodes 420 is partially ionized to form free charged particles, which are accelerated by the electric field and collide with the molecules in the liquid, further exciting or ionizing the molecules in the liquid. Since the direction of the alternating current keeps changing, this process will continue between the two sets of needle-shaped electrode assemblies, thereby generating plasma.

[0056] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, in the plasma generating device 200 based on dielectric barrier discharge, the microelectrode device 400 includes a third electrode 430 and a fourth electrode 440, both of which are buried in the insulating part 220, and the third electrode 430 and the fourth electrode 440 are respectively located on the left and right sides of the plasma channel 210, and the polarities of the third electrode 430 and the fourth electrode 440 are opposite. The plasma channel 210 is cylindrical, and the third electrode 430 and the fourth electrode 440 are provided with an arc wall 431 on one side facing the plasma channel 210.

[0057] Since the plasma channel 210 is provided on the insulating portion 220, the inner circumference of the plasma channel 210 is an insulating dielectric layer, and the third electrode 430 and the fourth electrode 440 are buried in the insulating portion 220 of the plasma side wall, the portion of the insulating portion 220 sandwiched between the third electrode 430 and the fourth electrode 440 forms a dielectric barrier discharge structure. When the third electrode 430 and the fourth electrode 440 are connected to a high voltage power supply, positive and negative charges accumulate due to the blocking of the insulating portion 220, and when the electric field strength is large enough to cause the liquid in the channel to be electrically broken down, plasma is generated in the plasma channel 210.

[0058] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, when there are multiple plasma channels 210, and the multiple plasma channels 210 are arranged axially along the catheter body 100, there are insulating dielectric layers formed by the insulating parts 220 between adjacent plasma channels 210, and the third electrode 430 and the fourth electrode 440 are alternately arranged in these insulating dielectric layers. For example, in the leftmost plasma channel 210, the third electrode 430 is embedded in the insulating part 220 on the left side, and the fourth electrode 440 is embedded in the insulating part 220 on the right side. The fourth electrode 440 also serves as an electrode embedded in the insulating part 220 on the left side of the second plasma channel 210 from the left, and together with the third electrode 430 embedded in the insulating part 220 on the right side of the second plasma channel 210 from the left side, a dielectric barrier discharge structure is formed.

[0059] like Figure 7 As shown, in the plasma generating device 200 based on needle-ring electrode discharge, the plasma channel 210 is cylindrical, and the microelectrode device 400 includes a fifth electrode 450 and a sixth electrode 460. The fifth electrode 450 is a needle-shaped electrode, and the fifth electrode 450 is arranged along the axial direction of the plasma channel 210. The sixth electrode 460 is a ring electrode, and the ring electrode is arranged along the inner wall of the plasma channel 210. The fifth electrode 450 is an anode, and the sixth electrode 460 is a cathode.

[0060] A plurality of plasma channels 210 are provided on the insulating portion 220 of the plasma generating device 200. The plasma channels 210 are cylindrical. The annular sixth electrode 460 is embedded in the inner wall surface of the plasma channel 210. The needle-shaped fifth electrode 450 is arranged along the axis of the plasma channel 210. Since the inner circumference of the plasma channel 210 is an insulating medium layer, the fifth electrode 450 and the sixth electrode 460 are both arranged on the insulating medium. The fifth electrode 450 and the sixth electrode 460 are respectively connected to a high-voltage power supply. After the high voltage is passed, the tip of the needle-shaped fifth electrode 450 discharges. The fifth electrode 450 is an anode and the sixth electrode 460 is a cathode. The liquid between the fifth electrode 450 and the sixth electrode 460 is partially ionized to form free charged particles. These charged particles are accelerated under the action of the electric field and collide with the molecules in the liquid, further exciting or ionizing the molecules in the liquid, thereby generating plasma.

[0061] In the plasma generating device 200 based on plate-sawtooth electrode discharge, a plasma generating chamber 240 is further provided in the insulating portion 220, one end of the plasma generating chamber 240 is communicated with the material transport channel 300, and the other end of the plasma generating chamber 240 is communicated with the plasma channel 210, and a microelectrode device 400 is arranged in the plasma generating chamber 240. The microelectrode device 400 includes a seventh electrode 470 and an eighth electrode 480, the seventh electrode 470 and the eighth electrode 480 are arranged parallel to each other, the seventh electrode 470 is a flat electrode, and the eighth electrode 480 includes a plurality of eighth discharge tips, and the plurality of eighth discharge tips are all arranged toward the seventh electrode 470, the seventh electrode 470 is a cathode, and the eighth electrode 480 is an anode.

[0062] like Figure 8 As shown, the eighth electrode 480 is sawtooth-shaped, and the upper tip of the sawtooth is the eighth discharge tip. The plate-shaped seventh electrode 470 and the sawtooth-shaped eighth electrode 480 are arranged in parallel in the plasma generation chamber. The space of the plasma generation chamber 240 is large, which can ensure that there is a uniform and sufficiently wide gap between the seventh electrode 470 and the eighth electrode 480. The seventh electrode 470 and the eighth electrode 480 are respectively connected to a high-voltage power supply. After the high voltage is passed, the sawtooth-shaped eighth electrode 480 tip discharges, the eighth electrode 480 is the anode, and the seventh electrode 470 is the cathode. Water or plasma-active hydrogel enters the plasma generation chamber 240 through the material delivery channel 300, is ionized by the seventh electrode 470 and the eighth electrode 480, and enters each plasma channel 210 after generating plasma, and flows from the plasma channel 210 to the atherosclerotic plaque.

[0063] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the expansion balloon 110 is a compliant balloon. The expansion balloon 110 is divided into compliant and non-compliant. The material of the compliant balloon is relatively soft and has a large elastic modulus, while the material of the non-compliant balloon is relatively hard. Therefore, the compliant balloon will change its shape as the shape and pressure of the blood vessel change, so that it can provide uniform expansion in different vascular environments, while the non-compliant balloon maintains a fixed shape and size. Since the shape of atherosclerotic plaques is irregular, the use of a compliant balloon can make the plasma generating device 200 on the outside of the balloon better fit the plaque, thereby improving the intervention and inhibition effect of the reactive oxygen species generated by plasma on atherosclerotic plaques.

[0064] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the catheter body 100 is an integral exchange balloon catheter. An integral exchange balloon catheter is an OTW (Over-the-wire) balloon dilatation catheter, which means that the balloon dilatation catheter is guided and positioned by a central guide wire, so that the position of the catheter can be more accurately controlled during vascular dilatation. Through the integral exchange balloon catheter, medical staff can accurately position the dilatation balloon 110 to ensure that the plasma generator 200 can accurately fit the atherosclerotic plaque. The guide wire can provide better stability, avoid misalignment of the catheter during operation, and enable medical staff to better control the position and expansion pressure of the balloon, thereby improving the treatment effect.

[0065] In other specific embodiments of the present invention, the catheter body 100 is a rapid exchange balloon catheter, which is an improved vasodilator catheter with a shorter channel inside the catheter for rapid insertion and removal of the guide wire, rather than running through the entire catheter, allowing the guide wire to be quickly exchanged through a small hole in the catheter without passing through the entire length of the catheter. The guide wire is inserted into the catheter through a rapid exchange interface, and the catheter is inserted into the target blood vessel under the guidance of the guide wire. The guide wire can be quickly replaced without completely removing the catheter, saving time and operating steps. Due to the rapid exchange interface design, medical staff can replace balloons or other interventional devices without removing the guide wire, simplifying the operation process. Therefore, the use of a rapid exchange balloon catheter can improve operating efficiency and make the interventional treatment process smoother and safer.

[0066] like Figures 1 to 6As shown, a developing structure 230 is provided on the plasma generating device 200, and the developing structure 230 is used to display the position of the plasma generating device 200 under X-ray. The developing structure 230 can be clearly displayed under X-ray imaging, and the developing structure 230 makes the position of the plasma generating device 200 visible in the X-ray image, which is convenient for medical staff to accurately locate and navigate during interventional operations, ensuring that medical staff can accurately locate and operate the plasma generating device 200 in the blood vessel, so that the outlet of the plasma channel 210 is accurately attached to the atherosclerotic plaque. The developing structure 230 contains tungsten powder particles, which can effectively absorb X-rays, making the developing structure 230 more obvious in the X-ray image. It can be imagined that the developing structure 230 is usually made of a material with a high density. In addition to tungsten powder particles, lead alloys or other heavy metals can also be used as materials. These materials can effectively absorb X-rays, making these parts appear more obvious in the X-ray image.

[0067] In the description of the present invention, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "illustrative embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

Claims

1. A plasma atherosclerotic plaque ablation catheter, characterized in that: include: A catheter body, wherein the catheter body includes a dilatation balloon; A plasma generating device, wherein the plasma generating device is arranged outside the dilation balloon, a plasma channel is opened on the plasma generating device, and outlets of the plasma channel are all arranged toward the plaque; a material delivery channel, the material delivery channel being in communication with the plasma generating device, the material delivery channel being used to deliver water or plasma-active hydrogel to the plasma generating device; A microelectrode device is arranged in the plasma generating device, the microelectrode device is connected to a high voltage power supply through a wire, the microelectrode device ionizes water or plasma active hydrogel to generate active oxygen species, and the active oxygen species flows to the plaque through the plasma channel.

2. The plasma atherosclerotic plaque ablation catheter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plasma generating device comprises an insulating portion, the plasma channel is opened on the insulating portion, and the microelectrode device is arranged in the plasma channel.

3. The plasma atherosclerotic plaque ablation catheter according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of plasma channels are provided, and the plurality of plasma channels are arranged axially along the catheter body.

4. The plasma atherosclerotic plaque ablation catheter according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The microelectrode device comprises two groups of needle-shaped electrode assemblies, and the two groups of needle-shaped electrode assemblies are arranged perpendicular to each other in a cross shape.

5. The plasma atherosclerotic plaque ablation catheter according to claim 4, characterized in that: The needle electrode assembly comprises: A first electrode, the first electrode comprising a first discharge tip, the first discharge tip being in a needle shape; The second electrode comprises a second discharge tip, the second discharge tip is needle-shaped, the first electrode and the second electrode are arranged along the same straight line, the first discharge tip and the second discharge tip are arranged facing each other, and the first electrode and the second electrode have opposite polarities.

6. The plasma atherosclerotic plaque ablation catheter according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The microelectrode device comprises a third electrode and a fourth electrode, both of which are buried in the insulating portion, and are located on the left and right sides of the plasma channel respectively, and the third electrode and the fourth electrode have opposite polarities.

7. The plasma atherosclerotic plaque ablation catheter according to claim 6, characterized in that: The plasma channel is cylindrical, and arc walls are arranged on the sides of the third electrode and the fourth electrode facing the plasma channel.

8. The plasma atherosclerotic plaque ablation catheter according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The plasma channel is cylindrical, and the microelectrode device includes a fifth electrode and a sixth electrode. The fifth electrode is a needle-shaped electrode and is arranged along the axial direction of the plasma channel. The sixth electrode is an annular electrode and is arranged along the inner wall of the plasma channel. The polarities of the fifth electrode and the sixth electrode are opposite.

9. The plasma atherosclerotic plaque ablation catheter according to claim 8, characterized in that: The fifth electrode is an anode, and the sixth electrode is a cathode.

10. The plasma atherosclerotic plaque ablation catheter according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: A plasma generation chamber is also provided in the insulating portion, one end of the plasma generation chamber is connected to the material transport channel, the other end of the plasma generation chamber is connected to the plasma channel, and the microelectrode device is arranged in the plasma generation chamber.

11. The plasma atherosclerotic plaque ablation catheter according to claim 10, characterized in that: The microelectrode device includes a seventh electrode and an eighth electrode, the seventh electrode and the eighth electrode are arranged parallel to each other, the seventh electrode is a flat electrode, the eighth electrode includes a plurality of eighth discharge tips, the plurality of eighth discharge tips are all arranged toward the seventh electrode, and the polarities of the seventh electrode and the eighth electrode are opposite.

12. The plasma atherosclerotic plaque ablation catheter according to claim 11, characterized in that: The eighth electrode is in a sawtooth shape.

13. The plasma atherosclerotic plaque ablation catheter according to claim 12, characterized in that: The seventh electrode is a cathode, and the eighth electrode is an anode.

14. The plasma atherosclerotic plaque ablation catheter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The catheter body is an integral exchange balloon catheter.

15. The plasma atherosclerotic plaque ablation catheter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The catheter body is a rapid exchange balloon catheter.

16. The plasma atherosclerotic plaque ablation catheter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dilation balloon is a compliant balloon.

17. The plasma atherosclerotic plaque ablation catheter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plasma generating device is provided with a developing structure, and the developing structure is used to display the position of the plasma generating device under X-rays.

18. The plasma atherosclerotic plaque ablation catheter according to claim 17, characterized in that: The developing structure includes tungsten powder particles.

Images