High water content shield muck crushing device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a high-water-content shield muck crushing device and method, which comprises a shell, a feeding port, a crushing mechanism, a dehydration mechanism, a separation mechanism, a muck identification system and a control system. The crushing mechanism is connected with the shell at both ends and is installed on the outer wall of the shell. The top of the shell is provided with the feeding port for the input of the soil material. The lower part of the crushing mechanism is provided with the dehydration mechanism. The lower surface of the dehydration mechanism is a separation filter screen. The lower part of the dehydration mechanism is a drainage plate. The muck identification system comprises a feeding conveyor belt, a support and an identification device. The identification device is installed above the feeding conveyor belt through the support. The identification device comprises a laser scanning sensor, an infrared sensor and a thermal imager. The laser scanning sensor is used for detecting the particle shape and size of the shield muck. The infrared sensor is used for detecting the temperature of the muck. The thermal imager is used for providing a temperature distribution diagram. The control system controls the crushing mechanism according to the data detected by the laser scanning sensor, the infrared sensor and the thermal imager.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of underground engineering, in particular to a high-moisture shield muck crushing device and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, most of the subway tunnels are constructed by shield method, and a large amount of shield muck is generated in the process of shield construction. The shield muck belongs to silt soil, which has the characteristics of high moisture content, low permeability and low compressive strength. The high-moisture shield muck is easy to adhere to the inner wall of the device during the crushing process, causing problems such as blockage of the discharge port. Artificial cleaning is required every certain period of time, which greatly affects the disposal efficiency of the shield muck. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a high-moisture shield muck crushing device with good crushing effect and not easy to adhere, to meet the needs of urban underground environmental engineering shield muck disposal.

[0003] At present, some crushing and dewatering mechanisms are disclosed in the prior art. For example, in the patent CN201920484309.0, a crushing and dewatering mechanism is disclosed, which includes a crushing mechanism and a dewatering mechanism. The crushing mechanism includes a crushing machine box and a rolling cutter in the crushing box. The upper end of the crushing box has a first feeding port, and the lower end has a first discharging port. The rolling cutter includes two, and the two rolling cutters are arranged side by side and the rotation directions are opposite. The dewatering mechanism includes a dewatering cylinder and an extrusion screw rod in the dewatering cylinder. The dewatering cylinder is horizontally arranged, and the upper side of one end of the dewatering cylinder is provided with a second feeding port connected with the first discharging port, and the lower side of the other end of the dewatering cylinder is provided with a second discharging port. A plurality of water outlets are arranged on the side wall of the middle part of the dewatering cylinder. One end of the extrusion screw rod is provided with a telescopic extrusion head. The crushing and dewatering all-in-one machine proposed in the present application can concentrate the crushing and dewatering treatment of garbage, avoid the overflow of water during the transfer process of the crushed garbage, and accelerate the processing efficiency and improve the space utilization. However, for the muck with large difference between particle size and moisture content, the device cannot adjust the crushing parameters in real time, resulting in incomplete and insufficient crushing. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to solve the problem that the high-moisture shield muck is easy to adhere to the crushing mechanism and block the discharge port during the crushing process in the prior art, the present application provides a high-moisture shield muck crushing device. By setting the crushing blade and the spiral extrusion dewatering mechanism, the soil material enters the device and passes through the first layer of crushing structure and the second layer of dewatering mechanism in turn. The filter screen is used for filtering, so that the discharge port always outputs the muck meeting the particle size requirement, and the muck does not adhere and block the discharge port during the process.

[0005] The present application is realized by the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a high-moisture shield slag crushing device, comprising a shell, a feed inlet, a crushing mechanism, a dehydration mechanism, a separation mechanism and a control system, the crushing mechanism is connected to the shell at both ends and installed on the outer wall of the shell, the top of the shell is provided with a feed inlet for the input of soil material; The lower part of the crushing mechanism is provided with a dehydration mechanism, the lower surface of the dehydration mechanism is a separation filter screen, the lower part of the dehydration mechanism is a drainage plate, the drainage plate is communicated with the water outlet on the shell, and the end of the dehydration mechanism is communicated with the discharge outlet on the shell; It also includes a slag identification system, the slag identification system includes a feed conveyor belt, a support and an identification device, the identification device is installed above the feed conveyor belt through the support, which includes a laser scanning sensor, an infrared sensor and a thermal imager, the laser scanning sensor is used for detecting the particle shape and size of the shield slag; The infrared sensor is used for detecting the temperature of the slag, and the thermal imager is used for providing a temperature distribution map; The control system controls the crushing mechanism according to the data detected by the laser scanning sensor, the infrared sensor and the thermal imager.

[0007] As a further technical solution, the surface of the separation filter screen is coated with a nano coating.

[0008] As a further technical solution, the crushing mechanism includes a plurality of rollers, a hob is arranged on the roller, the hob is distributed transversely along the rolling device, and the hobs are staggered between adjacent rollers.

[0009] As a further technical solution, the hobs of the dehydration mechanism are distributed in an axial spiral manner, and the hobs have a set distance from the separation filter screen.

[0010] As a further technical solution, the drainage plate is inclined along the drainage direction.

[0011] As a further technical solution, a moving device is further included, which is located at the bottom of the high-moisture shield slag crushing device.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present application also provides a method for crushing a high-moisture shield slag crushing device, as follows:

[0013] Step 1: The laser scanning sensor, infrared sensor and thermal imager collect related data of the slag in real time, and obtain the geometric and thermal properties of the slag;

[0014] Step 2: The data from each sensor is integrated to form a unified data set, and signal processing and feature extraction are performed;

[0015] Step 3: Denoising and filtering are performed on the data to ensure the accuracy of the data;

[0016] Step 4: Key features are extracted from the processed data to provide a data basis for subsequent classification algorithms;

[0017] Step 5 involves analyzing the processed data to identify the type and characteristics of the waste soil.

[0018] Step 6: Based on the current data characteristics, invoke the trained classification model;

[0019] Step 7: Classify and determine the type of slag and provide its physical properties;

[0020] Step 8: The recognition result is fed back to the human-computer interaction interface through the control system;

[0021] Step 9: The control system calculates the optimal crushing parameters based on the identified type and properties of the slag; the control system generates corresponding control commands and sends them to the drive unit of the crushing mechanism.

[0022] Step 10: The crushing mechanism automatically adjusts its operating parameters according to the received control instructions.

[0023] As a further technical solution, the rotational speed formula of the drive unit of the crushing mechanism is as follows:

[0024]

[0025] Where V is the crushing speed in thousands of revolutions per minute, D is the particle size in mm, and H is the moisture content;

[0026] k1 and k2 are constants related to the material and machine properties;

[0027] n 1, n2 is an index that describes the degree to which particle size and moisture content affect the grinding speed.

[0028] As a further technical solution, the method for determining k1, k2, n1, and n2 is as follows:

[0029] A high-moisture-content shield tunnel slag crushing device was used to crush slag under different particle sizes and moisture contents. The following data were recorded: the average particle size of materials of different sizes after crushing; the crushing efficiency and output under different moisture contents; the actual rotation speed of the crusher and the corresponding output.

[0030] Regression analysis was used to fit the data to obtain estimated values ​​of k1, k2, n1, and n2. Based on these estimated values, further crushing work was carried out to verify and adjust the results, and the final values ​​were obtained.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0032] For the slag with large difference between particle size and moisture content, the laser scanning sensor, the infrared sensor and the thermal imager in the slag identification system can intelligently identify the particle size and moisture content of the slag, and based on this, the crushing parameters are adjusted in real time, and the slag is completely and fully crushed; the laser scanning sensor can detect the particle shape and size of the shield slag; the infrared sensor can detect the temperature of the slag, and the thermal imager is used to provide a temperature distribution map; the control system controls the crushing mechanism according to the data detected by the laser scanning sensor, the infrared sensor and the thermal imager.

[0033] By setting the high-density cutter crushing structure and the spiral dehydration mechanism, when the soil enters the device, it successively passes through the first layer of crushing structure and the second layer of dehydration mechanism, and is filtered through the separation filter screen, so that the slag meeting the particle size requirement is always output at the discharge port, and the slag does not stick and block the discharge port in this process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0034] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the application. In the drawings:

[0035] Figure 1 It is a high-moisture shield slag overall structure sectional view of the present application;

[0036] Figure 2 It is a roller sectional view of the present application;

[0037] Figure 3 It is a crushing slag flow chart of the present application;

[0038] Markings in the drawings and corresponding names of parts:

[0039] 10, shell; 20, driving device; 30, crushing mechanism; 31, roller; 32, driving device; 33, cutter; 40, side wall; 41, side wall; 50, slag identification system; 51, identification equipment; 52, feeding conveyor belt; 53, support; 60, dehydration mechanism; 61, cutter; 70, discharge port; 80, separation filter screen; 90, water outlet; 100, drainage plate; 110, moving device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application more clear, specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings are used to further explain the present application, the schematic embodiments of the present application and the explanation are only used to explain the present application, and do not limit the present application.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] As Figure 1As shown, the high water content shield muck crushing device provided in the embodiment includes an outer shell 10, a driving device 20, a crushing mechanism 30, an inner wall 40, a muck identification system 50, a dehydration mechanism 60, a discharge port 70, a separation filter screen 80, a water outlet 90, a drainage plate 100, and a moving device 110.

[0043] The outer shell 10 is provided with a feed inlet at the top for input of the soil material. The crushing mechanism 30 is installed in the outer shell 10. The two ends of each roller shaft 31 in the crushing mechanism 30 are connected to the front and rear outer walls of the outer shell 10. The two ends of the roller shaft 31 extend out of the outer shell and are connected to the driving device 32, which provides power for the roller shaft. The roller shaft 31 includes two roller shafts. A hob 33 is arranged on each roller shaft 31. The hobs 33 are arranged in the axial direction on the roller shafts. The distance between the hobs 33 is less than 1 mm, which ensures that the hobs 33 can fully contact and crush the input muck. The dehydration mechanism 60 is arranged below the crushing mechanism 30. The muck after crushing is dehydrated under the action of the rotation of the hobs in the dehydration mechanism 60. The separation filter screen 80 on the lower surface of the dehydration mechanism 60 screens the muck after crushing. Although the high water content shield muck is easy to adhere, the soil material will be completely crushed due to the intensive cutting of the hobs 33. Then, the soil material is dehydrated by the dehydration mechanism and filtered by the separation filter screen 80, so that the muck meeting the requirements is always output at the discharge port 70. In this process, the muck does not stick or block the discharge port. The soil material enters the feed inlet through the end of the muck identification system 50. The muck identification system 50 includes identification equipment 51, a feed conveyor belt 52, and a support 53. The identification equipment 51 is installed above the feed conveyor belt 52 by the support 53. The identification equipment 51 includes a laser scanning sensor, an infrared sensor, and a thermal imager. The driving device 32 is controlled by the muck identification system 50. The laser scanner in the muck identification system can identify the particle size of the muck. The infrared sensor and the thermal imager can identify the water content, and then control the driving device 32 to adjust the speed of the roller shaft 31.

[0044] Further, the high water content shield muck crushing device is further provided with side walls 40 and 41 on the side of the dehydration mechanism 60. The muck after crushing will not fly out of the dehydration mechanism 60 due to the blocking of the side walls 40 and 41.

[0045] Further, the hobs 61 in the dehydration mechanism 60 are spirally distributed on the inner shaft in the axial direction. The high-speed rotation of the hobs 61 drives the muck containing water to move forward.

[0046] Further, the lower surface of the dewatering mechanism 60 is a separation filter screen 80, and the pore size of the separation filter screen 80 meets the requirement of allowing only water to pass through; the water and soil mixture is extruded by the dewatering mechanism to remove water, and the water is dropped onto the drainage plate 100 through the separation filter screen 80. The filtered soil is transported to the end of the dewatering mechanism 60, discharged through the discharge port 70, and collected by an external collecting device.

[0047] Further, the surface of the separation filter screen 80 is coated with a nano coating to prevent high-moisture soil from sticking to the filter screen.

[0048] Further, the hob 33 in the crushing mechanism 30 is arranged axially on the roller shaft 31, and the distance between the hobs 33 is less than 1 mm, which ensures that the hobs 33 can fully contact and crush the input soil; the hobs 33 of the crushing mechanism 30 are distributed transversely along the rolling device, and the hobs 33 are staggered between the two roller shafts 31.

[0049] Further, the hobs on the dewatering mechanism 60 are distributed axially in a spiral manner, and the distance between the hobs and the separation filter screen 80 below the hobs is 1 cm.

[0050] Further, the discharge port is arranged on the right side of the dewatering mechanism 60, and an external collecting device can be connected to collect the crushed soil.

[0051] Further, the drainage plate 100 arranged below the separation filter screen 80 is arranged obliquely, and the separated water is discharged through the water outlet after passing through the drainage plate 100.

[0052] In some possible embodiments, the bottom of the shell 10 is provided with a moving device 110, which adopts a roller structure to facilitate the movement of the entire device;

[0053] Further, the soil identification system 50 in this embodiment is a device specially designed for real-time identification and analysis of soil produced in shield tunnel construction. The soil and rock mixture excavated by the shield machine (i.e., shield soil) has complex components, and different distributions and properties will directly affect the subsequent soil treatment, crushing, and recycling process. By efficiently and accurately judging the physical and chemical properties of the shield soil, the soil identification system can provide data support for subsequent soil treatment, ensuring that the working parameters of the crusher can be optimized and adjusted according to different types of soil, thereby achieving environmental protection and effective utilization of resources.

[0054] Among them, in order to constitute the soil identification system, the following devices are arranged in the soil identification system 51:

[0055] (1) Laser scanning sensor: used to detect the particle shape and size of shield muck. Laser scanning technology can provide high-precision three-dimensional point cloud data, analyze the particle distribution characteristics of muck, and determine the fineness and particle shape of soil. The advantage of laser scanning sensor is its non-contact measurement, which can quickly obtain a wide range of three-dimensional information, suitable for dynamic monitoring.

[0056] (2) Infrared sensor and thermal imager:

[0057] Infrared sensor is used to detect the temperature of muck, and thermal imager can provide more detailed temperature distribution map. This is helpful to determine the water content of shield muck, as different water content of soil will have different temperature performance.

[0058] (3) Data processing unit

[0059] Data acquisition module: real-time collection and integration of data from various sensors, and preliminary preprocessing.

[0060] Classification algorithm: using YOLO (You Only Look Once) series algorithm to analyze the processed data to determine the type and nature of muck.

[0061] (4) Control system

[0062] Real-time control module: after receiving the output results from the data processing unit, automatically calculates the working parameters of the crusher (such as speed, feed rate, etc.) suitable for the current muck properties.

[0063] Human-computer interaction interface: provides a user-friendly interface to display recognition results, device status and related parameters, making it easy for operators to monitor and manually adjust in real time

[0064] The implementation process of recognition and control is as follows:

[0065] This device is used to detect the type of muck. Before starting deep learning, 3000 videos of each type of muck are prepared as training data (the more comprehensive the features contained in the training data, the better the training effect and the higher the recognition accuracy). The acquisition environment of training data is consistent with the actual working environment.

[0066] Data acquisition: when the crusher is running, each sensor starts to work simultaneously, real-time acquisition of related data of muck, and acquisition of geometric and thermal properties of muck.

[0067] Data processing:

[0068] Data integration: the data acquisition module integrates data from various sensors to form a unified data set.

[0069] Signal Processing: Signal processing algorithms are applied to denoise and filter the data, ensuring its accuracy.

[0070] Feature Extraction: Key features are extracted from the processed data, providing a data foundation for subsequent classification algorithms.

[0071] Category Recognition

[0072] Using classification algorithms, the processed data is analyzed to identify the type and characteristics of the slag.

[0073] Model Invocation: Based on the current data characteristics, the trained classification model is invoked.

[0074] Classification Judgment: The category of the slag is output, such as soil, mixed slag, rock-like slag, etc., and its physical properties are provided.

[0075] Result Output: The recognition result is fed back to the human-machine interface through the control system for the operator to view.

[0076] Control Instruction Generation

[0077] Parameter Calculation: The control system calculates the optimal crushing parameters based on the identified type and properties of the slag.

[0078] The control system generates corresponding control instructions and sends them to the drive unit of the crusher.

[0079] Crushing Mechanism Adjustment

[0080] The crushing mechanism automatically adjusts its working parameters according to the received control instructions. The control instructions are transmitted to the motor controller (single-chip microcomputer), and the servo motor of the crushing mechanism is adjusted to ensure the optimal efficiency of the crusher.

[0081] How to determine the crushing speed based on the comprehensive analysis of the collected particle size and moisture content; how to establish a quantitative relationship between the three

[0082]

[0083] Where V is the crushing speed in thousands of revolutions per minute, D is the particle size in mm, and H is the moisture content

[0084] k1, k2 are constants related to material and machine characteristics

[0085] n1, n2 indicate the degree of influence of particle size and moisture content on crushing speed

[0086] A set of parameters suitable for this machine is

[0087] k1 = 0.5, k2 = 0.2 ， n1 = 2, n2 = 1.5

[0088] Further, the above parameter acquisition method is specifically: acquiring the above parameters by developing orthogonal test, specifically as follows:

[0089] 1. Use the machine to crush the slag under different particle size and moisture content conditions, record the following data: the average particle size of the material after crushing under different particle size; the crushing efficiency and yield under different moisture content. The actual speed of the crusher and the corresponding output.

[0090] 2. Use regression analysis to fit the data, and get the estimated values of k1, k2, n1 and n2.

[0091] 3. On the basis of the estimated value, continue to carry out the crushing work for verification and debugging, and get the final value.

[0092] In this embodiment, by setting the crushing blade and spiral extrusion dehydration structure, the soil enters the device, passes through the first layer of crushing structure and the second layer of dehydration structure in turn, is filtered through the filter screen, so that the slag soil meeting the particle size requirement is always output at the discharge port, and the slag soil does not stick and block the discharge port in the process.

Claims

1. A high water content shield muck crushing device, comprising a shell, a feed inlet, a crushing mechanism, a dehydration mechanism, a separation mechanism and a control system, both ends of the crushing mechanism are connected with the shell and installed on the outer wall of the shell, a feed inlet is arranged at the top of the shell for the input of soil material; a dehydration mechanism is arranged below the crushing mechanism, the lower surface of the dehydration mechanism is a separation filter screen, a drainage plate is arranged below the dehydration mechanism, the drainage plate is in communication with a water outlet on the shell, and the end of the dehydration mechanism is in communication with a discharge outlet on the shell; characterized in that, The slag identification system is used for real-time identification and analysis of the slag generated in the shield tunnel construction, and comprises a feeding conveyor belt, a support and an identification device. The rotational speed of the driving unit of the pulverizing mechanism is given by the following formula: V is the crushing speed, D is the particle size, H is the water content, k1 and k2 are constants related to the material and machine characteristics, and n1 and n2 are constants related to the material and machine characteristics. The surface of the separation filter screen is coated with a nano coating. n 1, n2 is an index indicating the degree of influence of the particle size and the moisture content on the pulverization speed.

2. The high-moisture shield slurry crushing device of claim 1, wherein, The crushing mechanism comprises a plurality of rollers, and a hob is arranged on each roller.

3. The high-moisture shield slurry crushing device of claim 1, wherein, The hobs of the dewatering mechanism are distributed in a spiral manner along the axial direction, and the hobs have a set distance from the separation filter screen.

4. The high-moisture shield slurry crushing device of claim 1, wherein, The drainage plate is inclined along the drainage direction.

5. The high-moisture shield slurry crushing device of claim 1, wherein, The mobile device is located at the bottom of the high-water-content shield slag crushing device.

6. The high-moisture-content shield muck pulverizing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The side surface of the dewatering mechanism is provided with a side wall.

7. The high-moisture-content shield muck pulverizing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The steps are as follows: Step 1: The laser scanning sensor, infrared sensor and thermal imager collect real-time data of the slag, and obtain the geometric and thermal properties of the slag.

8. The method of crushing high-moisture shield slurry according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, Step 2: The data obtained in step 1 are integrated to form a unified data set, and signal processing and feature extraction are performed. Step 3: The data set is denoised and filtered to ensure the accuracy of the data. Step 4: Key features are extracted from the data of step 3. Step 5: The type and characteristics of the slag are identified through the key features. Step 6: According to the current data characteristics, a trained classification model is called. Step 7: The classification model performs classification and judgment, outputs the category of the slag, and provides its physical properties. Step 8: The identification result in step 7 is fed back to the control system. Step 9: The control system calculates the optimal crushing parameters according to the identified type and properties of the slag. The control system generates corresponding control instructions and sends them to the drive unit of the crushing mechanism. Step 10: The crushing mechanism automatically adjusts its working parameters according to the received control instructions. The determination method of k1, k2, n1 and n2 is as follows: The high-water-content shield slag crushing device is used to crush the slag under different particle sizes and water contents, and the following data are recorded: the average particle size of the material after crushing under different particle sizes; the crushing efficiency and yield under different water contents; the actual speed of the crusher and the corresponding output; 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the high-moisture shield sludge crushing device is crushed. Regression analysis is used to fit the data to obtain the estimated values of k1, k2, n1 and n2; based on the estimated values, further crushing work is carried out for verification and debugging to obtain the final values. ​ ​

Images