Silicate slow-release fertilizer suitable for arid regions as well as preparation method and application of silicate slow-release fertilizer

Abstract

The invention provides a silicate slow-release fertilizer suitable for arid regions and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizers. The silicate slow-release fertilizer provided by the invention comprises a fertilizer and a shell for wrapping the fertilizer, the shell is formed by silicate and at least one of the following water-soluble components: water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol fiber and carboxymethyl cellulose. The water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol fiber and / or carboxymethyl cellulose are / is added during preparation of the silicate shell, more small holes are formed in the shell wrapping the fertilizer after meeting water, nutrients in the shell can permeate out conveniently, crop absorption is facilitated, more fertilizer permeates out during raining or watering, synchronous supply of water and fertilizer is formed, supply of the fertilizer is more intelligent, and the yield of the fertilizer is increased. The fertilizer is supplied only when water exists, so that waste caused by invalid supply is avoided. Experiments show that the silicate slow-release fertilizer prepared by the invention can be applied at one time, the fertilizer efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the yield and income of crops can be increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and in particular relates to a silicate slow-release fertilizer suitable for arid areas and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] The cultivated land in Northwest my country is generally dry, and there are serious problems such as soil desertification, poor soil water retention capacity, and serious water and fertilizer leakage, which undoubtedly restricts agricultural production in Northwest China. In actual agricultural production, since plant production requires water, after irrigation or rainfall, fertilizer dissolves in water and easily flows deep into the ground with water, making the fertilizer utilization rate low. Therefore, farmers need to apply fertilizer multiple times to meet the growth of crops. In addition, the application of long-term fertilizer is also an effective measure for agricultural planting in arid areas. Long-term fertilizer often has a core-shell structure, which wraps the nutrient fertilizer as the core with an outer shell to extend the retention time of the fertilizer in the soil and improve the fertilizer efficiency. At present, long-term fertilizer sprays lauryl ethoxy ammonium sulfate, polyacrylamide, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate and sulfur dissolution together on the surface of fertilizer particles, which improves the effectiveness of fertilizers and reduces the loss of water-soluble nutrients with water. However, long-term fertilizer cannot achieve the purpose of slow release when encountering water, which undoubtedly limits the requirement of timely supply of nutrients to plants. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a silicate slow-release fertilizer suitable for arid areas. Silicate and water-soluble components are compounded to prepare a shell. After contacting water, the shell of the silicate slow-release fertilizer forms capillaries, which improves the solubility of the fertilizer, solves the problem of slow-release of nutrients and improves fertilizer efficiency.

[0004] The present invention provides a silicate slow-release fertilizer suitable for arid areas, comprising a fertilizer and a shell for wrapping the fertilizer;

[0005] The shell includes silicate and at least one of the following water-soluble components: water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol fibers and carboxymethyl cellulose.

[0006] Preferably, in the shell, the mass ratio of silicate to water-soluble components is 100:(3-5).

[0007] Preferably, the mass of the shell accounts for 4% to 6% of the fertilizer.

[0008] Preferably, the fertilizer comprises silicate, ammonium sulfate and the following nutrients: nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potash fertilizer.

[0009] Preferably, the mass of the silicate accounts for 5% to 20% of the total mass of the nutrients and ammonium sulfate.

[0010] Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer includes urea; the phosphate fertilizer includes monoammonium phosphate; and the potash fertilizer includes potassium chloride;

[0011] The mass ratio of urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride and ammonium sulfate is 17:17:40:10.

[0012] Preferably, the silicate comprises calcium silicate and / or magnesium silicate.

[0013] The present invention provides a method for preparing the silicate slow-release fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0014] Granulating the fertilizer to obtain core particles;

[0015] The surface of the core particles is polished, coated with a layer of shell material, and shaped to obtain a silicate slow-release fertilizer.

[0016] Preferably, in the method of granulating the fertilizer, silicate is sequentially mixed with urea, monoammonium phosphate, potash fertilizer and ammonium sulfate and granulated by spraying water.

[0017] The invention provides application of the silicate slow-release fertilizer or the silicate slow-release fertilizer prepared by the preparation method in plant cultivation in arid areas.

[0018] Preferably, the plants include cash crops and / or food crops.

[0019] The present invention provides a silicate slow-release fertilizer suitable for arid areas, comprising a fertilizer and a shell for wrapping the fertilizer; the shell comprises a silicate and at least one of the following water-soluble components: water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol fiber and carboxymethyl cellulose. The silicate slow-release fertilizer provided by the present invention has a core-shell structure, the fertilizer is wrapped in the shell, the silicate is compounded with the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol fiber and / or carboxymethyl cellulose to obtain a silicate shell structure, the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol fiber or carboxymethyl cellulose dissolves in water, so that capillaries are formed in the silicate shell structure, the fertilizer is easy to penetrate from the shell, and it is easy to be absorbed by crops. When it rains or irrigates, more fertilizer penetrates, forming a synchronous supply of water and fertilizer, and the supply of fertilizer is more intelligent. Fertilizer is supplied only when there is water, avoiding waste caused by ineffective supply, and it is also easy to dissolve in arid places, thereby improving the absorption rate of plants and increasing the yield of crops. It can be seen that the present invention adds water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol fiber or carboxymethyl cellulose to the silicate shell, which well solves the disadvantage that other slow-release fertilizers release fertilizer effects too slowly in dry land. At the same time, the silicate shell component itself contains silicon elements needed for plant growth, which can further promote crop yield and income. Combined with the results of silicate slow-release fertilizer application in the examples of the specification, it can be seen that silicate slow-release fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer once, without topdressing, which reduces the amount of fertilizer applied and increases crop yield. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The invention provides a silicate slow-release fertilizer suitable for arid areas, comprising fertilizer and a shell for wrapping the fertilizer; the shell is formed by silicate and at least one of the following water-soluble components: water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol fiber and carboxymethyl cellulose.

[0021] The silicate slow-release fertilizer provided by the present invention has a core-shell structure, and in the shell, the mass ratio of silicate to water-soluble components is preferably 100:(3-5), more preferably 25:1. When the water-soluble components include two kinds, the mass ratio of the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol fiber and carboxymethyl cellulose is (1-10):(1-10), more preferably (1-5):(1-5), and most preferably 1:1. The silicate is compounded with the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol fiber or carboxymethyl cellulose in the shell, which well solves the disadvantage that other slow-release fertilizers release fertilizer effects too slowly in dry land. The reason is that after the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol fiber dissolves in water, there will be more small holes on the shell that wraps the fertilizer, which is convenient for the nutrients in the shell to penetrate out and for the crops to absorb. When it rains or waters, more fertilizer penetrates out, forming a synchronous supply of water and fertilizer, and the supply of fertilizer is more intelligent. Fertilizer is supplied only when there is water, avoiding waste caused by ineffective supply. The present invention does not impose any particular limitation on the source of the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol fiber or carboxymethyl cellulose, and any source of water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol fiber or carboxymethyl cellulose known in the art may be used.

[0022] In the present invention, the mass of the shell preferably accounts for 4% to 6% of the fertilizer, and more preferably 5%. The fertilizer preferably includes silicate, ammonium sulfate and the following nutrients: urea, monoammonium phosphate and potash fertilizer. The mass of the silicate preferably accounts for 5% to 20% of the total mass of the nutrients and ammonium sulfate, more preferably 8% to 18%, further preferably 10% to 15%, further preferably 12% to 14%, and most preferably 13%. The ammonium sulfate regulates the total oxygen content of the silicate. The ratio of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potash fertilizer in the nutrients can be adjusted and proportioned according to the nutrients required for the growth stage of different types of plants. In an embodiment of the present invention, in order to configure a compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (22-8-10) as a fertilizer, the following raw materials are used per ton of compound fertilizer: monoammonium phosphate (58% content, ratio: 10-48-0) 170 kg, potassium chloride (62% content) 170 kg, urea (46% content) 400 kg, ammonium sulfate 100 kg, silicate 160 kg.

[0023] In the present invention, the silicate preferably includes calcium silicate and / or magnesium silicate. In an embodiment of the present invention, the silicate adopts silicate industrial byproduct powder, and its main components include calcium silicate and magnesium silicate. Adding the silicate to the fertilizer is beneficial to improve the strength of the fertilizer particles and slow down the disintegration rate of the nutrients. At the same time, the silicate is also a fertilizer used to supplement the demand of crops for silicon. Calcium and magnesium are also essential nutrients for crops.

[0024] The present invention provides a method for preparing the silicate slow-release fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0025] Granulating the fertilizer to obtain core particles;

[0026] The surface of the core particles is polished, coated with a layer of shell material, and shaped to obtain a silicate slow-release fertilizer.

[0027] The invention granulates the fertilizer to obtain core particles.

[0028] In the present invention, the method of granulating the fertilizer preferably comprises mixing silicate with urea, monoammonium phosphate, potash fertilizer and ammonium sulfate in sequence and spraying water for granulation. The mass of the sprayed water accounts for 3% to 5% of the mass of the fertilizer, and more preferably 4%. During the granulation, spraying water is conducive to the condensation reaction between silicate and water, which can enhance the strength of the fertilizer particles and slow down their water dissolution rate, thereby playing a role in prolonging the fertilizer effect. The granulation is completed by a granulation system, so that the core particles form exogenous round particles. The particle size of the core particles is preferably 1 to 4.75 mm, and more preferably 3 mm.

[0029] After the core particles are obtained, the present invention polishes the surface of the core particles, wraps them with a layer of shell material, and shapes them to obtain silicate slow-release fertilizer.

[0030] In the present invention, the surface polishing is preferably performed by roller polishing. The rotation speed of the roller polishing is preferably 10 to 12 rpm, more preferably 11 rpm. The polishing is beneficial to improving the wrapping efficiency of the shell material. The shaping method is preferably baking. The baking temperature is preferably 120 to 160°C, more preferably 140°C. The baking is preferably stopped when the water content of the silicate slow-release fertilizer is about 0.5%. After the baking, the particles are sieved and the particles with unqualified sizes are reprocessed. The particle size of the silicate slow-release fertilizer is preferably 1 to 4.75 mm, more preferably 3 mm.

[0031] The invention provides application of the silicate slow-release fertilizer or the silicate slow-release fertilizer prepared by the preparation method in plant cultivation in arid areas.

[0032] In the present invention, the plants preferably include cash crops and / or food crops. The food crops preferably include at least one of the following: corn, wheat, rice, sorghum, etc. The cash crops are preferably vegetables and / or fruit trees, etc. The arid areas preferably refer to the Central Plains and Northwest China.

[0033] In an embodiment of the present invention, the silicate slow-release fertilizer is applied to arid areas for the cultivation of gramineous plants. The results show that compared with conventional compound fertilizers, it not only reduces the amount of fertilizer applied, improves fertilizer efficiency, but also can increase production and efficiency. The amount of the silicate slow-release fertilizer applied is preferably 40 to 50 kg / mu. The fertilization method of the silicate slow-release fertilizer is preferably a one-time base fertilizer application.

[0034] The silicate slow-release fertilizer suitable for arid areas and its preparation method and application provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] A method for preparing a silicate slow-release fertilizer suitable for corn planting comprises the following steps:

[0037] 1) Preparation of kernel material: accurately weigh fertilizers according to the following ratio: 170 kg of monoammonium phosphate (58% content, ratio: 10-48-0), 170 kg of potassium chloride (62% content), 400 kg of urea (46% content), 100 kg of ammonium sulfate and 160 kg of silicate industry by-product powder.

[0038] 2) Urea is first added to the silicate industrial byproduct powder, and then monoammonium phosphate, potash fertilizer and ammonium sulfate are added. Water is sprayed into the mixed system until the water content is 4%, and then the mixed system is input into the granulation system for granulation to obtain granules with a round appearance;

[0039] 3) sending the rounded particles into a drum for rolling polishing at a speed of 11 rpm, and uniformly spraying or rolling the surface of the polished particles with a shell material of 5% of the particle mass, wherein the shell material is a compound of silicate industrial byproduct powder and water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol fiber in a mass ratio of 20:1; the drum outputs the particles wrapped with the shell;

[0040] 4) transferring the shell-wrapped particles to a baking oven and baking them at 140° C. until the moisture content of the particles is about 0.5%, thereby obtaining a silicate slow-release fertilizer;

[0041] 5) Screen the silicate slow-release fertilizer into particles, reprocess the particles that do not meet the size, and select the particles with a size of 1 to 4.75 mm for product packaging.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] A method for preparing a silicate slow-release fertilizer suitable for rice planting comprises the following steps:

[0044] 1) Preparation of kernel material: accurately weigh fertilizers according to the following ratio: 170 kg of monoammonium phosphate (58% content, ratio: 10-48-0), 170 kg of potassium chloride (62% content), 400 kg of urea (46% content), 100 kg of ammonium sulfate and 160 kg of silicate industry by-product powder.

[0045] 2) Urea is first added to the silicate industrial byproduct powder, and then monoammonium phosphate, potash fertilizer and ammonium sulfate are added. Water is sprayed into the mixed system until the water content is 5%, and then the mixed system is input into the granulation system for granulation to obtain granules with round appearance;

[0046] 3) sending the rounded particles into a drum for rolling polishing at a speed of 12 rpm, and uniformly spraying or rolling the surface of the polished particles with a shell material of 5% by mass of the particles, wherein the shell material is a compound of silicate industrial byproduct powder and carboxymethyl cellulose in a mass ratio of 20:1; the drum outputs the particles wrapped with the shell;

[0047] 4) transferring the shell-wrapped particles to a baking oven and baking them at 150° C. until the moisture content of the particles is about 0.5%, thereby obtaining a silicate slow-release fertilizer;

[0048] 5) Screen the silicate slow-release fertilizer into particles, reprocess the particles that do not meet the size, and select the particles with a size of 1 to 4.75 mm for product packaging.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] A method for preparing a silicate slow-release fertilizer suitable for sugarcane planting comprises the following steps:

[0051] 1) Preparation of kernel material: accurately weigh fertilizers according to the following ratio: 170 kg of monoammonium phosphate (58% content, ratio: 10-48-0), 170 kg of potassium chloride (62% content), 400 kg of urea (46% content), 100 kg of ammonium sulfate and 160 kg of silicate industry by-product powder.

[0052] 2) Urea is first added to the silicate industrial byproduct powder, and then monoammonium phosphate, potash fertilizer and ammonium sulfate are added. Water is sprayed into the mixed system until the water content is 3%, and then the mixed system is input into the granulation system for granulation to obtain round particles;

[0053] 3) sending the rounded particles into a drum for rolling polishing at a speed of 12 rpm, and uniformly spraying or rolling the surface of the polished particles with a shell material of 5% of the particle mass, wherein the shell material is a compound of silicate industrial byproduct powder and water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol fiber in a mass ratio of 20:1; the drum outputs the particles wrapped with the shell;

[0054] 4) transferring the shell-wrapped particles to a baking oven and baking them at 130° C. until the moisture content of the particles is about 0.5%, thereby obtaining a silicate slow-release fertilizer;

[0055] 5) Screen the silicate slow-release fertilizer into particles, reprocess the particles that do not meet the size, and select the particles with a size of 1.00 mm to 4.75 mm for product packaging.

[0056] Example 4

[0057] Rice planting experiment

[0058] 1. Source and purpose of the experiment

[0059] In order to verify the application effect of silicate slow-release fertilizer on rice in Hainan, a rice experiment was carried out in a town in Wenchang City, Hainan Province.

[0060] 2. Test location and time

[0061] 1. Test period: July 6, 2023 to October 27, 2023;

[0062] 2. Test location: a town in Wenchang City, Hainan Province;

[0063] 3. Intercropping period: During the intercropping period, the paddy fields are in a fallow state.

[0064] 3. Test Materials

[0065] 1. Soil type and physical and chemical properties of the test site: The test field is a yellow-red bottom mud field with developed shallow marine sediments and a sandy loam texture. The physical and chemical properties of the soil before the test are shown in Table 1.

[0066] Table 1 Physical and chemical indicators of test soil

[0067]

[0068] 2. Test fertilizer: silicate slow-release fertilizer prepared in Example 2, nutrient content: N+P2O5+K2O≥40% (N-P2O5-K2O=22-8-10), particle size (1.00mm~4.75mm)≥90%, dosage form: granules.

[0069] The 22-8-10 compound fertilizer was purchased from a listed company.

[0070] 3. Test crops: rice, variety: Boyou 225.

[0071] IV. Experimental Design and Methods

[0072] 1. Experimental design:

[0073] Treatment 1: conventional one-time fertilization (22-8-10 compound fertilizer 50kg / mu) (one-time application as base fertilizer);

[0074] Treatment 2: conventional fertilization (22-8-10 compound fertilizer 40 kg / mu) (spread once as base fertilizer) + topdressing (22-8-10 compound fertilizer 20 kg / mu in total, the first topdressing of 6 kg / mu was applied 7 days after transplanting, and the second topdressing of 14 kg / mu was applied 15 days after transplanting);

[0075] Treatment 3: silicate slow-release fertilizer (50 kg / mu) (spread once as base fertilizer);

[0076] Treatment 4: Reduce the amount of silicate slow-release fertilizer by 20% (40 kg / mu) (apply once as base fertilizer).

[0077] Table 2 Fertilization records

[0078]

[0079] 2. Test method: The test plot is 7m long x 3m wide, with a plot area of ​​21m 2 , 4 treatments, 3 replicates, 12 plots in total, randomly arranged in blocks. Each block has an isolation row, and the field ridges of the plots are covered with plastic film to 30 cm below the field surface to prevent water and fertilizer from leaking. The rice seedlings are transplanted with a transplanting density of 20 cm × 25 cm.

[0080] Application method of silicate slow-release fertilizer: Plough, harrow and level the rice field, prepare the ridges of the test plot and cover with film, then evenly spread the silicate slow-release fertilizer in the corresponding plot according to the dosage of the test plan, harrow it evenly, and transplant the rice every 2 days.

[0081] Conventional fertilization method: plow, harrow and level the rice fields, prepare the ridges of the experimental plots, cover them with film, and then evenly spread the fertilizer in the corresponding plots according to the prescribed dosage, harrow it evenly, and transplant the rice every 2 days.

[0082] Topdressing method for treatment 2: Apply topdressing according to the experimental plan 7 days and 15 days after transplanting, and spread it evenly in the plot.

[0083] V. Test results and analysis

[0084] 1. Field management and investigation

[0085] 1.1 Field management: The experimental site was sown and seedlings were raised on June 20, plots were made on July 6, fertilizers were applied according to the experimental requirements on July 7, the fields were harrowed, rice seedlings were planted on July 9, and harvested on October 27.

[0086] 1.2 Field investigation:

[0087] The results are shown in Table 3.

[0088] Table 3 Field survey form

[0089]

[0090]

[0091] From the results in Table 3, different treatments have different effects on the components of rice yield; the number of grains per panicle in treatment 3 increased by 4.6, 2.3 and 4.2 grains respectively compared with treatment 1, treatment 2 and treatment 4; the fruit setting rate in treatment 3 was 2.3%, 1.7% and 2.2% higher than that in treatment 1, treatment 2 and treatment 4 respectively; the thousand-grain weight in treatment 3 was 0.86g, 0.64g and 0.82g heavier than that in treatment 1, treatment 2 and treatment 4 respectively. The experimental results show that treatment 3 can increase the number of grains per panicle of rice, and has a certain effect on the fruit setting rate and thousand-grain weight.

[0092] 2 The results of the impact on rice yield are shown in Table 4.

[0093] Table 4 Results of rice yield in plot

[0094]

[0095] As can be seen from Table 4, the rice yield per mu of treatment 3 increased by 40.63 kg compared with treatment 1, and the yield increase rate was 12.63%; the rice yield per mu of treatment 3 increased by 26.98 kg compared with treatment 2, and the yield increase rate was 8.05%; the rice yield per mu of treatment 3 increased by 39.68 kg compared with treatment 4, and the yield increase rate was 12.30%.

[0096] Table 5 Variance analysis results

[0097] Sources of variation Degrees of Freedom sum of squares Mean Square F-number F0.05 F0.01 Block 2 0.03 0.02 0.37 5.14 10.92 deal with 3 3.22 1.07 23.70** 4.76 9.78 error 6 0.27 0.04 Total variation 11 3.52

[0098] Note: If the F value is marked with *, it means there is a significant difference; if it is marked with **, it means there is an extremely significant difference; otherwise, there is no difference.

[0099] According to variance analysis, the F values ​​of the blocks were all less than F0.05, indicating that the differences between replicates were not significant, the soil fertility of the test plot was relatively uniform, the test error was small, and the test results were accurate and reliable. The F values ​​between treatments were all greater than F0.01, indicating that the differences between treatments were extremely significant, that is, the rice yield was significantly increased after the application of silicate slow-release fertilizer.

[0100] Table 6 Multiple comparison of yields

[0101]

[0102] Note: LSD method was used for multiple comparison of yield. Different lowercase letters in the table indicate that the differences among treatments reached the 0.05 significant level, and uppercase letters indicate that the differences among treatments reached the 0.01 significant level.

[0103] The results of multiple comparison analysis (Table 6) show that there are extremely significant differences between treatment 3 and treatment 1, treatment 2, and treatment 4, significant differences between treatment 2 and treatment 1, insignificant differences between treatment 2 and treatment 4, and insignificant differences between treatment 1 and treatment 4.

[0104] VI. Experimental Conclusion

[0105] 1. The application of silicate slow-release fertilizer can increase the number of rice grains, improve the fruit setting rate and thousand-grain weight, and make the grains full.

[0106] 2. The application of silicate slow-release fertilizer has a significant effect on increasing rice yield: compared with conventional one-time fertilization treatment, the application of the silicate slow-release fertilizer prepared by the present invention increases rice yield by 40.63 kg per mu, with an increase rate of 12.63%; compared with conventional fertilization treatment, the rice yield per mu increases by 26.98 kg, with an increase rate of 8.05%. Compared with the treatment of reducing the application of silicate slow-release fertilizer by 20%, the rice yield per mu increases by 39.68 kg, with an increase rate of 12.30%.

[0107] Example 5

[0108] Corn planting experiment

[0109] 1. Source and purpose of the experiment

[0110] The silicate slow-release fertilizer is the silicate slow-release fertilizer prepared in Example 1. In order to verify the application effect of the product on corn in Hainan, a corn test was carried out in a town in Ding'an County, Hainan Province.

[0111] 2. Test location and time

[0112] 1. Test period: October 2, 2023 to January 15, 2024;

[0113] 2. Test location: a town in Ding'an County, Haikou City.

[0114] 3. Test Materials

[0115] 1. Soil type and physical and chemical properties of the test site: The test field is a red soil field with a clay texture. The physical and chemical properties of the soil before the test are shown in Table 7.

[0116] Table 7 Physical and chemical indexes of test soil

[0117]

[0118] 2. Test fertilizer: The silicate slow-release fertilizer is the silicate slow-release fertilizer prepared in Example 1, nutrient content: N+P2O5+K2O≥40% (N-P2O5-K2O=22-8-10), particle size (1.00mm-4.75mm)≥90%, dosage form: granules.

[0119] The 22-8-10 compound fertilizer was purchased from a listed company.

[0120] 3. Test crops: corn, variety: Wantian 2015 sweet corn.

[0121] IV. Experimental Design and Methods

[0122] 1. Experimental design:

[0123] Treatment 1: conventional one-time fertilization [40% 22-8-10 compound fertilizer 40kg / mu] (one-time application as base fertilizer);

[0124] Treatment 2: conventional fertilization [40% 22-8-10 compound fertilizer 40 kg / mu] (spread once as base fertilizer) + topdressing [40% 22-8-10 compound fertilizer 10 kg / mu, applied in furrows on November 10);

[0125] Treatment 3: silicate slow-release fertilizer (40 kg / mu) (spread once as base fertilizer);

[0126] Treatment 4: Reduce the amount of silicate slow-release fertilizer by 20% (32 kg / mu) (apply once as base fertilizer).

[0127] Table 8 Record of fertilizer application per mu

[0128]

[0129] 2. Test method: The test plot is 10m long × 5m wide, with a plot area of ​​50m 2 , 4 treatments, three replications, a total of 12 plots, arranged in random blocks.

[0130] Application method of silicate slow-release fertilizer: Plow, harrow and level the corn field. After the ridges of the test plot are completed, spread the silicate slow-release fertilizer evenly in the corresponding plot according to the dosage of the test plan, harrow it evenly, and transplant the corn every other day.

[0131] Conventional fertilization method: Plow, harrow and level the corn field. After the ridges of the experimental plot are completed, spread the fertilizer evenly in the corresponding plot according to the planned dosage, harrow it evenly, and transplant the corn every other day.

[0132] Topdressing method for treatment 2: 10 kg / mu applied in furrows on November 10, 2023.

[0133] V. Test results and analysis

[0134] 1. Field management and investigation

[0135] 1.1 Field management: The experimental plot was sown on October 2, 2023, and base fertilizer was applied to each treatment according to the experimental plan on October 16. Transplantation was carried out on October 17, double-row ridge planting, 230 plants per plot, and about 3068 basic seedlings per mu. Treatment 2 was fertilized with 40% (22-8-10) compound fertilizer 10kg / mu in the furrow on November 10. The harvest was completed on January 15, 2024, and the experiment ended. Irrigation was carried out 6 times and spraying was carried out 3 times during the whole growth period.

[0136] 1.2 Field investigation:

[0137] Table 9 Field survey form

[0138]

[0139] From the results in Table 9, it can be seen that different treatments have different effects on the components of corn yield; ear length treatment 3 is 0.9 cm, 0.5 cm and 0.6 cm higher than treatment 1, treatment 2 and treatment 4, respectively; the number of grains per ear treatment 3 is 18, 14 and 16 higher than treatment 1, treatment 2 and treatment 4, respectively; the net weight of ear treatment 3 is 18 g, 15 g and 17 g higher than treatment 1, treatment 2 and treatment 4, respectively; the convex tip length treatment 3 is 0.3 cm, 0.2 cm and 0.1 cm lower than treatment 1, treatment 2 and treatment 4, respectively. The experimental results show that treatment 3 can increase the ear length, number of grains per ear and net weight of corn, and reduce the convex tip length.

[0140] 2 Impact on corn yield

[0141] Table 10 Results of corn yield in plot

[0142]

[0143] From Table 10, we can see that the corn yield per mu in treatment 3 increased by 131.20 kg compared with treatment 1, and the yield increase rate was 12.79%; the corn yield per mu in treatment 3 increased by 88.93 kg compared with treatment 2, and the yield increase rate was 8.33%; the corn yield per mu in treatment 3 increased by 125.87 kg compared with treatment 4, and the yield increase rate was 12.21%.

[0144] Table 11 Variance analysis results

[0145] Sources of variation Degrees of Freedom sum of squares Mean Square F-number <![CDATA[F 0.05 ]]> <![CDATA[F 0.01 ]]> Block 2 4.55 2.28 0.78 5.14 10.92 deal with 3 185.98 61.99 <![CDATA[21.22 ** ]]> 4.76 9.78 error 6 17.53 2.92 Total variation 11 208.06

[0146] Note: If the F value is marked with *, it means there is a significant difference; if it is marked with **, it means there is an extremely significant difference; otherwise, there is no difference.

[0147] From the variance analysis results table 11, we can see that the F values ​​of the block groups are all less than F 0.05 , indicating that there is no significant difference between replicates, the soil fertility of the test site is relatively uniform, the test error is small, and the test results are accurate and reliable. 0.01, indicating that the differences among the treatments were extremely significant, that is, the corn yield was significantly increased after the application of silicate slow-release fertilizer.

[0148] Table 12 Multiple comparison of yields

[0149]

[0150] Note: LSD method was used for multiple comparison of yield. Different lowercase letters in the table indicate that the differences among treatments reached the 0.05 significant level, and uppercase letters indicate that the differences among treatments reached the 0.01 significant level.

[0151] After multiple comparison analysis, there were extremely significant differences between treatment 3 and treatment 1, treatment 2, and treatment 4, but no significant differences between treatment 1, treatment 2, and treatment 4.

[0152] in conclusion

[0153] 1. The application of silicate slow-release fertilizer can increase the length of corn ears, the number of kernels per ear, the net weight of the ear, reduce the length of the cusp, and make the corn kernels fuller.

[0154] 2. The application of silicate slow-release fertilizer has a significant effect on increasing corn yield: compared with the conventional one-time fertilization treatment, the application of this product increased corn yield by 131.20 kg per mu, with an increase rate of 12.79%; compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, the corn yield increased by 88.93 kg per mu, with an increase rate of 8.33%. Compared with the treatment of reducing the application of silicate slow-release fertilizer by 20%, the corn yield increased by 125.87 kg per mu, with an increase rate of 12.21%.

[0155] Example 6

[0156] Field trial of silicate slow-release fertilizer on sugarcane

[0157] 1. Source and purpose of the experiment

[0158] The silicate slow-release fertilizer was prepared in Example 3. In order to verify the application effect of the product on sugarcane in Guangxi, a sugarcane test was carried out in a town in Fusui County, Chongzuo City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

[0159] 2. Test location and time

[0160] 1. Test period: February 18, 2023 - October 15, 2023;

[0161] 2. Test location: a town in Fusui County, Chongzuo City, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

[0162] 3. Test Materials

[0163] 1. Soil type and physical and chemical properties of the test site: brown lime soil. The physical and chemical properties of the test site soil are shown in Table 13.

[0164] Table 13 Physical and chemical indexes of test soil

[0165]

[0166] 2. Test fertilizer: Silicate slow-release fertilizer is a fertilizer produced by Hainan Miaoran Agrochemical Co., Ltd. according to the method of Example 3, nutrient content: N+P2O5+K2O≥40% (N-P2O5-K2O=22-8-10), particle size (1.00mm-4.75mm)≥90%, dosage form: granules.

[0167] 40% (22-8-10) compound fertilizer is a product of a listed company.

[0168] 3. Test crops: Sugarcane, variety: Taisugar No. 22.

[0169] IV. Experimental Design and Methods

[0170] 1. Experimental design:

[0171] Treatment 1: conventional one-time fertilization [40% (22-8-10) compound fertilizer 40kg / mu] (one-time application as base fertilizer);

[0172] Treatment 2: conventional fertilization [40% (22-8-10) compound fertilizer 40kg / mu] (spread once as base fertilizer) + topdressing [40% (22-8-10) compound fertilizer 10kg / mu, applied in furrows during tillering stage);

[0173] Treatment 3: silicate slow-release fertilizer (40 kg / mu) (spread once as base fertilizer);

[0174] Treatment 4: Reduce the amount of silicate slow-release fertilizer by 20% (32 kg / mu) (apply once as base fertilizer).

[0175] Table 14 Record of fertilizer application per mu

[0176]

[0177] 2. Experimental method: The experimental plot is 8 meters long and 5 meters wide, with a plot area of ​​40 square meters, 4 treatments, three repetitions, a total of 12 plots, and random block arrangement.

[0178] Application method of silicate slow-release fertilizer: As a base fertilizer, spread the silicate slow-release fertilizer evenly in the corresponding plot according to the dosage of the test plan, harrow it evenly, and cover it with soil. Transplant sugarcane seedlings every other day.

[0179] Conventional fertilization method: Plough, harrow and level the sugarcane field. After the ridges of the experimental plot are completed, spread the fertilizer evenly in the corresponding plot according to the planned dosage, harrow it evenly, and transplant the sugarcane seedlings every other day.

[0180] Topdressing method for treatment 2: apply 40% (22-8-10) compound fertilizer at 10 kg / mu in the furrow during the tillering stage.

[0181] V. Test results and analysis

[0182] 1. Field management and investigation

[0183] 1.1 Field management: On February 18, 2023, the experimental plots were fertilized according to the experimental scheme, and treatment 2 was top-dressed at the tillering stage. Except for fertilization, other field management was the same as that of general sugarcane fields. Transplanting was carried out on February 19, 2023, with equal row spacing of 1.2 meters, and the planting amount was about 2,700 double-bud seedlings, with about 5,200 effective stems per mu. Herbicides were applied once and insecticides were applied twice during the growth period. The harvest was completed on October 15, 2023, and the experiment ended.

[0184] 1.2 The results of the field survey are shown in Table 15:

[0185] Table 15 Field survey form

[0186]

[0187] Note: Single stem mass (kg) = 0.7854 × average stem diameter 2 ×(plant height cm-35cm)×1(specific gravity)×0.001.

[0188] From Table 15, different treatments have different effects on sugarcane yield components; the plant height of treatment 3 is 8.3cm, 5.8cm and 5.2cm higher than that of treatment 1, treatment 2 and treatment 4, respectively; the stem diameter of treatment 3 is 0.19cm, 0.17cm and 0.16cm higher than that of treatment 1, treatment 2 and treatment 4, respectively; the single stem weight of treatment 3 is 0.19kg, 0.17kg and 0.16kg higher than that of treatment 1, treatment 2 and treatment 4, respectively; the sugar content of treatment 3 is 94kg / 667m higher than that of treatment 1, treatment 2 and treatment 4, respectively. 2 , 76kg / 667m 2 and 72kg / 667m 2 The test results showed that treatment 3 could increase the plant height, stem diameter, single stem weight and sugar content of sugarcane.

[0189] 2 The impact on sugarcane yield is shown in Table 16.

[0190] Table 16 Results of sugarcane yield in plot

[0191]

[0192]

[0193] From Table 17, we can see that the yield of sugarcane per mu in treatment 3 increased by 659.77 kg compared with treatment 1, and the yield increase rate was 13.06%; the yield of sugarcane per mu in treatment 3 increased by 593.07 kg compared with treatment 2, and the yield increase rate was 11.59%; the yield of sugarcane per mu in treatment 3 increased by 581.40 kg compared with treatment 4, and the yield increase rate was 11.33%.

[0194] Table 17 Variance analysis results

[0195] Sources of variation Degrees of Freedom sum of squares Mean Square F-number <![CDATA[F 0.05 ]]> <![CDATA[F 0.01 ]]> Block 2 99.95 49.97 2.22 5.14 10.92 deal with 3 3063.58 1021.19 <![CDATA[45.48 ** ]]> 4.76 9.78 error 6 134.72 22.45 Total variation 11 3298.25

[0196] Note: If the F value is marked with *, it means there is a significant difference; if it is marked with **, it means there is an extremely significant difference; otherwise, there is no difference

[0197] According to variance analysis, the F values ​​of the block groups were all less than F 0.05 , indicating that there is no significant difference between replicates, the soil fertility of the test site is relatively uniform, the test error is small, and the test results are accurate and reliable. 0.01 , indicating that the differences among the treatments were extremely significant, that is, the application of silicate slow-release fertilizer had a significant effect on increasing sugarcane yield.

[0198] Table 18 Multiple comparison of yields

[0199] deal with Average value (kg) 0.05 level 0.01 level 3 342.53 a A 4 307.67 b B 2 306.97 b B 1 302.97 b B

[0200] Note: LSD method was used for multiple comparison of yield. Different lowercase letters in the table indicate that the differences among treatments reached the 0.05 significant level, and uppercase letters indicate that the differences among treatments reached the 0.01 significant level.

[0201] After multiple comparison analysis, there were extremely significant differences between treatment 3 and treatment 1, treatment 2, and treatment 4, but no significant differences between treatment 1, treatment 2, and treatment 4.

[0202] in conclusion

[0203] 1. The application of silicate slow-release fertilizer can increase the plant height, stem diameter, single stem weight and sugar content of sugarcane.

[0204] 2. The application of silicate slow-release fertilizer has a significant effect on increasing sugarcane yield: when this product is applied as basal fertilizer, when 40 kg of this product is applied per mu, compared with the conventional one-time fertilization treatment, the sugarcane yield per mu increases by 659.77 kg, and the yield increase rate is 13.06%; compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, the sugarcane yield per mu increases by 593.07 kg, and the yield increase rate is 11.59%; compared with the treatment of reducing the application of silicate slow-release fertilizer by 20% (applying 32 kg of this product per mu), the sugarcane yield per mu increases by 581.40 kg, and the yield increase rate is 11.33%.

[0205] As can be seen from the above examples, a test of using silicate slow-release fertilizer was carried out on sugarcane in dry land. 40 kg of base fertilizer (22-8-10, silicate slow-release fertilizer) was applied per mu, and the fertilizer effect could last for 90 days without fertilizer loss. The sugarcane yield was significantly improved compared with the control group. The use of silicate slow-release fertilizer saved labor costs and 20 kg / mu of chemical fertilizer. In the corn test, silicate slow-release fertilizer only used 50 kg / mu of base fertilizer (ratio 22-8-10, total oxygen content 40%) without topdressing, and a good harvest of corn was obtained. The control group used one more topdressing of 30 kg per mu, and the yield was equivalent. Silicate slow-release fertilizer performed better on rice. Only 40 kg / mu of base fertilizer was applied until the rice was harvested without fertilizer loss. The control group used one more topdressing (20 kg per mu). In terms of yield comparison, the experimental group increased yield by about 8%, and the grains were fuller. The rice fertilizer was: 22-8-10, 40% nutrients.

[0206] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A silicate slow-release fertilizer suitable for arid areas, characterized in that: It includes a fertilizer and a shell for wrapping the fertilizer; The shell is formed of silicate and at least one of the following water-soluble components: water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol fiber and carboxymethyl cellulose.

2. The silicate slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the shell, the mass ratio of silicate to water-soluble components is 100:(3-5).

3. The silicate slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass of the shell accounts for 4% to 6% of the fertilizer.

4. The silicate slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizer includes silicate, ammonium sulfate and the following nutrients: nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potash fertilizer; The mass of the silicate accounts for 5% to 20% of the total mass of the nutrient components and ammonium sulfate.

5. The silicate slow-release fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The nitrogen fertilizer includes urea; the phosphate fertilizer includes monoammonium phosphate; the potash fertilizer includes potassium chloride; The mass ratio of the urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride and ammonium sulfate is 17:17:40:

10.

6. The silicate slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The silicate includes calcium silicate and / or magnesium silicate.

7. The method for preparing the silicate slow-release fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Granulating the fertilizer to obtain core particles; The surface of the core particles is polished, coated with a layer of shell material, and shaped to obtain a silicate slow-release fertilizer.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method for granulating the fertilizer comprises mixing silicate with urea, monoammonium phosphate, potash fertilizer and ammonium sulfate in sequence and spraying water to granulate.

9. Use of the silicate slow-release fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the silicate slow-release fertilizer prepared by the preparation method according to claim 7 or 8 in plant cultivation in arid areas.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that: The plants include cash crops and / or food crops.

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