Diamond compact for complex rock stratum

Abstract

The invention discloses a complex rock stratum diamond compact and relates to the technical field of drilling engineering and mining, the complex rock stratum diamond compact comprises a diamond composite layer and a hard alloy base, at least two fan-shaped notches are formed in the upper surface of the diamond composite layer, and the diamond composite layer is arranged on the hard alloy base; and a plurality of convex spherical structures are uniformly distributed on the upper surface of the hard alloy base. By means of the arranged fan-shaped notches, stress concentration in the drilling process is effectively dispersed, the drilling efficiency in a complex rock stratum is further improved, the fan-shaped notches are also convenient for discharging cutting scraps, and the contact area and the connection strength between the diamond composite layer and the hard alloy base are enhanced through the arranged spherical structure; the rigidity and durability of the whole structure are improved, the impact resistance is enhanced through the spherical surface structure and the fan-shaped notches, the drilling efficiency is improved, when a special rock stratum is drilled, the abrasion of the drill bit is small, the drilling speed is increased, and the drilling efficiency and the cost income are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of drilling engineering and mining, and in particular to a diamond composite sheet for complex rock formations. Background Art

[0002] In geological exploration, oil and gas extraction, mining and other industries, facing the complex and changeable rock structure, diamond composite sheets have become an important material for geological drilling due to their high hardness, high wear resistance and good thermal stability.

[0003] Traditional diamond composite sheets often suffer from problems such as chipping and low drilling efficiency in complex rock environments. In addition, most diamond composite sheets in the prior art adopt a flat surface or a simple groove surface structure, which is often difficult to meet the needs of high-efficiency and low-consumption drilling. In particular, when encountering faults, fissures, cleavages, or highly corrosive rock formations such as hard rock, sandstone, and shale, the drill bit wears more and is easily damaged, the penetration rate drops significantly, and it is difficult to adapt to complex rock formations, which seriously restricts drilling efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

[0004] In view of this, the present invention is proposed to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a complex rock formation diamond composite sheet to solve the technical problem that the existing diamond composite sheets are difficult to adapt to complex rock formations.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is: a complex rock formation diamond composite sheet, comprising:

[0007] A diamond composite layer, wherein at least two concave cavities are formed at the bottom of the diamond composite layer, and at least two fan-shaped notches are formed at the upper surface of the diamond composite layer;

[0008] A cemented carbide base, a diamond composite layer is arranged on the cemented carbide base, the upper surface of the cemented carbide base is a non-planar structure, a plurality of raised spherical structures are evenly distributed on the upper surface of the cemented carbide base, two adjacent spherical structures are connected by grooves to form a honeycomb surface, and the upper surface of the cemented carbide base is also provided with a fan-shaped arc surface matching the recessed cavity.

[0009] Furthermore, the lower bottom surface of the fan-shaped notch is an arc-shaped surface from top to bottom.

[0010] Furthermore, the thickness of the diamond composite layer is 1-1.8 mm.

[0011] Furthermore, the distance between the highest point and the lowest point of the spherical structure is 1 / 4-1 / 2 of the thickness of the diamond composite layer to maximize the stress dispersion effect.

[0012] Further, the angle between the arc surface and the upper surface of the diamond composite layer is 60°-90° to form a tooth edge;

[0013] The tooth length of the tooth blade is 1 / 10-1 / 5 of the diameter of the diamond composite layer, and the tooth blade is used to efficiently break the rock formation during the drilling process.

[0014] Furthermore, the angle between the sector-shaped arc surface and the vertical direction is 10°-15°.

[0015] Furthermore, the diamond composite layer is a polycrystalline diamond composite layer, and hard particles are embedded in the polycrystalline diamond composite layer to form a toughening phase to improve the impact strength of the diamond composite layer.

[0016] Furthermore, a nano coating is provided on the surface of the diamond composite layer to improve the wear resistance of the diamond composite layer.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] The fan-shaped notch is set to effectively disperse the stress concentration during the drilling process, greatly reduce the risk of chipping, and further improve the drilling efficiency in complex rock formations. The fan-shaped notch is also convenient for discharging cutting waste and is not prone to chipping. The spherical structure is set to enhance the contact area and connection strength between the diamond composite layer and the cemented carbide base, improve the rigidity and durability of the overall structure, and the spherical structure and the fan-shaped notch not only enhance the impact resistance, but also improve the drilling efficiency and reduce the chipping phenomenon. When drilling in special rock formations, the drill bit wears less, the footage speed is increased, and the drilling efficiency and cost-effectiveness are improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The accompanying drawings are part of this application and are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention, but do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. In the drawings:

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a diamond composite sheet for complex rock formations provided in this embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a diamond composite layer of a complex rock formation diamond composite sheet provided in this embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A top view of the provided diamond composite layer;

[0023] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a cemented carbide base for a complex rock formation diamond composite sheet provided in this embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A structural schematic diagram of a cemented carbide base from another perspective is provided.

[0025] Figure numerals: 1. carbide base; 2. diamond composite layer; 3. sector-shaped notch; 4. spherical structure; 5. sector-shaped arc surface.

[0026] It should be noted that these drawings and textual descriptions are not intended to limit the conceptual scope of the present invention in any way, but are intended to illustrate the concept of the present invention for those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] See also Figures 1 to 5 As shown, an embodiment of the present application provides a complex rock formation diamond composite sheet, comprising: a diamond composite layer 2 and a cemented carbide base 1, at least two recessed cavities are provided at the bottom of the diamond composite layer 2, at least two fan-shaped notches 3 are provided on the upper surface of the diamond composite layer 2, the diamond composite layer 2 is arranged on the cemented carbide base 1, the upper surface of the cemented carbide base 1 is a non-planar structure, a plurality of raised spherical structures 4 are evenly distributed on the upper surface of the cemented carbide base 1, two adjacent spherical structures 4 are connected by grooves to form a honeycomb surface, the upper surface of the cemented carbide base 1 is also provided with a fan-shaped arc surface 5 matching the recessed cavity, the cemented carbide base 1 is cylindrical, the diamond composite layer 2 and the cemented carbide base 1 are tightly connected by the spherical structure 4, the rigidity and impact resistance of the overall structure are improved.

[0029] It should be noted that the diamond composite layer 2 and the cemented carbide base 1 form a high-strength and high-toughness diamond composite by optimizing the sintering process, and adopt high-precision CNC machining technology, vacuum hot pressing sintering and subsequent precision grinding and polishing technology to ensure the high-precision and high-quality manufacturing of the diamond composite sheet. In the production process, the process parameters are strictly controlled to ensure the consistency and stability of the product. The diamond composite layer 2 and the cemented carbide base 1 are tightly connected through the spherical structure 4, which effectively improves the stress situation and improves the impact resistance and wear resistance of the diamond composite sheet.

[0030] In the above scheme, the stress concentration during the drilling process is effectively dispersed by setting the fan-shaped notch 3, which greatly reduces the risk of chipping and further improves the drilling efficiency in complex rock formations. The fan-shaped notch 3 is also convenient for discharging cutting waste and is not easy to chip. The contact area and connection strength between the diamond composite layer 2 and the cemented carbide base 1 are enhanced by setting the spherical structure 4, thereby improving the rigidity and durability of the overall structure. The spherical structure 4 and the fan-shaped notch 3 not only enhance the impact resistance, but also improve the drilling efficiency and reduce the chipping phenomenon. When drilling special rock formations, the wear of the drill bit is reduced, the penetration rate is increased, and the drilling efficiency and cost-effectiveness are improved.

[0031] In some possible implementations, see Figure 2 As shown, the lower bottom surface of the fan-shaped notch 3 is an arc-shaped surface from top to bottom to enhance the sharpness, self-sharpening and chip removal ability of the cutting edge. When drilling, it is convenient to discharge waste chips through the fan-shaped notch 3, reduce heat accumulation, and effectively deal with the heterogeneity and high abrasiveness of complex rock formations.

[0032] In some possible embodiments, the diamond composite layer 2 has a thickness of 1-1.8 mm.

[0033] In some possible implementations, the distance between the highest point and the lowest point of the spherical structure 4 is 1 / 4-1 / 2 of the thickness of the diamond composite layer 2 to maximize the stress dispersion effect and improve impact resistance.

[0034] In some possible implementation schemes, the angle between the arc surface and the upper surface of the diamond composite layer 2 is 60°-90° to form a tooth blade, and the tooth length of the tooth blade is 1 / 10-1 / 5 of the diameter of the diamond composite layer 2 to adapt to the diversity of rock formations, improve cutting efficiency and stability, and effectively reduce rock-breaking cutting force. The tooth blade is used to efficiently break rock formations during drilling and improve drilling efficiency.

[0035] In some possible implementation schemes, the angle between the fan-shaped arc surface 5 and the vertical direction is 10°-15°, forming an inclined surface to enhance impact resistance and drilling efficiency, ensure the stability of the structure, and improve the stability and impact resistance during the drilling process.

[0036] In some possible embodiments, the diamond composite layer 2 is a polycrystalline diamond composite layer, and hard particles of high thermal conductivity and low stress materials, such as silicon carbide, boron nitride, etc., are embedded in the polycrystalline diamond composite layer to form a toughening phase. The toughening phase is a transition layer with high strength and high toughness to improve the impact strength of the diamond composite layer 2, thereby improving the impact resistance and wear resistance of the diamond composite sheet, alleviating thermal stress and improving bonding strength.

[0037] In some possible implementations, a nano coating, such as a diamond nanoparticle coating or a titanium nitride coating, is disposed on the surface of the diamond composite layer 2 to improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the diamond composite layer 2 .

[0038] Example 1

[0039] 1. Prepare materials: Select high-quality diamond powder and cemented carbide base 1. Soak the diamond powder in acid and alkali to remove surface impurities, and then wash it repeatedly with high-purity water to ensure the surface is clean. Sandblast the cemented carbide base 1 to remove the surface oxide layer and impurities.

[0040] 2. Plating the bonding surface: A transition layer is plated on the bonding surface between the cemented carbide base 1 and the diamond powder by chemical vapor deposition or physical vapor deposition. The thickness of the transition layer is 0.1 mm.

[0041] 3. Packaging and sintering: Place the carbide base 1 coated with hard particles into a high-temperature resistant metal cup (made of Ti, Zr, Mo or Ta), then spread a layer of diamond powder on the bonding surface, place the high-temperature resistant metal cup in a high-pressure chamber, and sinter for 10-20 minutes at a temperature of 1450°C-1500°C and a pressure of 5.5-8.0GPa. During this process, the transition layer melts and penetrates into the diamond powder layer, filling the gaps between the powder particles to form a diamond composite layer 2, which is sintered into one with the carbide base 1.

[0042] 4. Post-processing: After sintering, the high temperature resistant metal cup is removed by grinding with a diamond grinding wheel to obtain a diamond composite sheet blank, which is further processed to form a plane on the upper surface of the diamond composite layer 2 and to form a plurality of fan-shaped notches 3 on the outer edge.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] The optimization of the diamond composite layer 2 is based on Example 1. The microstructure of the diamond composite layer 2 is further optimized. By adjusting the gas ratio, temperature and pressure conditions in the chemical vapor deposition method or the physical vapor deposition method, the growth rate and morphology of the diamond particles are controlled, so that the diamond particles inside the diamond composite layer 2 are not only evenly distributed, but also more tightly bound to each other, forming a high-density diamond network structure. By introducing a small amount of doping elements such as nitrogen and boron, the hardness and toughness of the diamond composite layer 2 are further improved.

[0045] Specific implementation steps:

[0046] Gas ratio adjustment: During the deposition process, the ratio of methane (as a carbon source), hydrogen and possible doping gases (such as nitrogen and borane) is precisely controlled to ensure that diamond particles grow evenly in a suitable environment.

[0047] Precise control of temperature and pressure: High-precision temperature control and pressure regulation systems are used to maintain the sintering temperature within the optimal range, and the sintering time is appropriately extended to promote the full growth and bonding of diamond particles.

[0048] Introduction of doping elements: Inject a small amount of doping gas into the reaction chamber at an appropriate stage, and ensure that the doping elements are evenly distributed in the diamond composite layer 2 by precisely controlling the injection amount and time, so as to achieve the purpose of optimizing performance.

[0049] Through the above optimization, the diamond composite layer 2 not only has higher hardness and wear resistance, but also exhibits better toughness and impact resistance. During the drilling process of complex rock formations, it can effectively resist the wear and impact of rocks, reduce chipping, and improve drilling efficiency and service life.

[0050] Example 3

[0051] Optimization of cutting edge shape and arrangement

[0052] In order to further improve the cutting efficiency and stability of the diamond composite sheet, the shape and arrangement of the cutting edge are optimized. The cutting edge adopts a curved shape. This design can better adapt to the non-uniformity and irregularity of complex rock formations, improve cutting efficiency and reduce resistance. At the same time, the spacing and angles between the cutting edges are adjusted to form a reasonable cutting layout to ensure that the cutting edges can be evenly stressed and work together during the drilling process.

[0053] Specific implementation steps:

[0054] Cutting edge shape design: Use computer-aided design software (CAD) to accurately design the cutting edge shape to ensure that the current situation meets the expected requirements.

[0055] Precision machining: Use a high-precision diamond grinding wheel or other precision machining equipment to finely machine the cutting edge on the upper surface of the diamond composite layer 2 to ensure the accuracy of shape and size.

[0056] Cutting edge arrangement optimization: Through experiments and simulation analysis, the optimal cutting edge spacing and angle are determined to improve cutting efficiency and stability.

[0057] Through the above optimization, the optimized cutting edge shape and arrangement scheme significantly improve the cutting efficiency of the diamond composite sheet, reduce the energy loss and resistance in the cutting process, and enhance the stability and durability of the cutting edge. In drilling operations in complex rock formations, drilling tasks can be completed more quickly and stably.

[0058] The fan-shaped notch 3 is provided to effectively disperse the stress concentration during the drilling process, greatly reduce the risk of chipping, and further improve the drilling efficiency in complex rock formations. The fan-shaped notch 3 is also convenient for discharging cutting waste and is not prone to chipping. The spherical structure 4 is provided to enhance the contact area and connection strength between the diamond composite layer 2 and the cemented carbide base 1, thereby improving the rigidity and durability of the overall structure. The spherical structure 4 and the fan-shaped notch 3 not only enhance the impact resistance, but also improve the drilling efficiency and reduce the chipping phenomenon. When drilling in special rock formations, the drill bit is less worn, the footage speed is increased, and the drilling efficiency and cost-effectiveness are improved.

[0059] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the invention and is not a limitation of the invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make non-creative modifications to this embodiment as needed. However, as long as they are within the scope of protection of the invention, they are protected by patent law.

Claims

1. A complex rock formation diamond composite sheet, characterized in that: include: A diamond composite layer (2), wherein at least two recessed cavities are formed at the bottom of the diamond composite layer (2), and at least two fan-shaped notches (3) are formed at the upper surface of the diamond composite layer (2); A cemented carbide base (1), the diamond composite layer (2) being arranged on the cemented carbide base (1), the upper surface of the cemented carbide base (1) being a non-planar structure, a plurality of raised spherical structures (4) being evenly distributed on the upper surface of the cemented carbide base (1), two adjacent spherical structures (4) being connected by grooves to form a honeycomb surface, and the upper surface of the cemented carbide base (1) being further provided with a fan-shaped arc surface (5) matching the recessed cavity.

2. The complex rock formation diamond composite sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower bottom surface of the fan-shaped notch (3) is an arc-shaped surface from top to bottom.

3. The complex rock formation diamond composite sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diamond composite layer (2) has a thickness of 1-1.8 mm.

4. The complex rock formation diamond composite sheet according to claim 3, characterized in that: The distance between the highest point and the lowest point of the spherical structure (4) is 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 of the thickness of the diamond composite layer (2) to maximize the stress dispersion effect.

5. The complex rock formation diamond composite sheet according to claim 2, characterized in that: The angle between the arc-shaped surface and the upper surface of the diamond composite layer (2) is 60°-90°, so as to form a tooth edge; The tooth length of the tooth blade is 1 / 10-1 / 5 of the diameter of the diamond composite layer (2), and the tooth blade is used for efficiently crushing rock formations during drilling.

6. The complex rock formation diamond composite sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle between the sector-shaped arc surface (5) and the vertical direction is 10°-15°.

7. The complex rock formation diamond composite sheet according to claim 5, characterized in that: The diamond composite layer (2) is a polycrystalline diamond composite layer, and hard particles are embedded in the polycrystalline diamond composite layer to form a toughening phase, so as to improve the impact resistance of the diamond composite layer (2).

8. The complex rock formation diamond composite sheet according to claim 7, characterized in that: The surface of the diamond composite layer (2) is provided with a nano coating to improve the wear resistance of the diamond composite layer (2).

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