Method for determining critical pitting temperature of metal sample and related equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a method for determining the critical pitting temperature of a metal sample and related equipment, which are applied to the technical field of electrochemical corrosion, and the system integration comprises a three-electrode device, a temperature control device, an electrochemical workstation and a controller. A three-electrode device is arranged in the temperature control device; a metal sample is arranged in the three-electrode device; the three-electrode device is connected with the electrochemical workstation; and the controller is respectively in communication connection with the three-electrode device, the temperature control device and the electrochemical workstation. The temperature control device can accurately control the temperature of the experimental environment according to an instruction of the controller, experimental errors caused by temperature fluctuation can be reduced, the electrochemical workstation records the relation between the current density and time of the three-electrode device in real time, the temperature control device records the relation between the temperature and time of the three-electrode device in real time, and the experimental error is reduced. The controller collects and analyzes the data and determines the critical pitting temperature of the metal sample, so that the accuracy of the critical pitting temperature is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of electrochemical corrosion technology, and in particular to a method for determining a critical pitting temperature of a metal sample and related equipment. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid progress of materials science and engineering technology, the corrosion resistance of metal materials is particularly important in their interaction with the surrounding environment. Among the many forms of local corrosion, pitting corrosion has become a research focus because it is concentrated in a very small area on the metal surface. Once the pitting phenomenon starts, the flow of solution in the pit is blocked, resulting in the deterioration of the local environment. Then, driven by the autocatalytic mechanism, the corrosion rate rises sharply, and the critical pitting temperature is used as a key parameter to measure this transformation. Given the prevalence and harmfulness of pitting corrosion to metals, determining the critical pitting temperature of metal specimens is a crucial step in studying their corrosion.

[0003] At present, the critical pitting temperature of metal samples is usually determined by electrochemical experimental methods.

[0004] However, the temperature control of electrochemical experiments may not be precise enough and is easily limited by the external environment or the performance of the equipment itself. Even slight fluctuations in temperature may have a significant impact on the experimental results, resulting in inaccurate critical pitting temperature. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, this application proposes a method for determining the critical pitting temperature of a metal sample and related equipment. In order to improve the accuracy of the critical pitting temperature, the specific scheme is as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a critical pitting temperature determination system for a metal sample, characterized in that it comprises a three-electrode device, a temperature control device, an electrochemical workstation and a controller;

[0007] A three-electrode device is provided in the temperature control device;

[0008] A metal sample is arranged in the three-electrode device;

[0009] The three-electrode device is connected to the electrochemical workstation;

[0010] The controller is respectively connected to the three-electrode device, the temperature control device, and the electrochemical workstation for communication.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the three-electrode device includes a counter electrode, a reference electrode, a polytetrafluoroethylene container, a salt bridge, an electric stirring rod, a corrosion solution, a bolt hole, a sample hole, a bolt and nut fastener, and a pressing plate;

[0012] The polytetrafluoroethylene container is provided with a counter electrode, a reference electrode, a salt bridge, a corrosion solution and an electric stirring rod, the counter electrode is placed vertically and the distance between the counter electrode and the metal sample is within a first preset distance, the reference electrode is arranged in the salt bridge, the distance between the tip of the salt bridge and the metal sample is within a second preset distance and is not zero, and the electric stirring rod is arranged in the corrosion solution;

[0013] The bottom of the polytetrafluoroethylene container is provided with a bolt hole and a sample hole;

[0014] The bolt and nut fasteners are arranged on the pressing plate, the metal sample is placed on the pressing plate, the bolt and nut fasteners match the bolt holes, and the metal sample matches the sample holes;

[0015] The controller is in communication connection with the electric stirring rod.

[0016] In a possible implementation, the temperature control device includes a heating collar, a cooling circulating water device and a temperature sensor;

[0017] The three-electrode device is arranged in the heating sleeve ring;

[0018] The heating sleeve is connected to the temperature sensor;

[0019] The cooling circulating water device is arranged between the heating sleeve ring and the three-electrode device;

[0020] The controller is communicatively connected with the heating sleeve ring, the cooling circulating water device and the temperature sensor respectively.

[0021] In a possible implementation, the system further includes: a scanning electron microscope and a laser confocal microscope.

[0022] A second aspect of the present application provides a method for determining the critical pitting temperature of a metal sample, characterized in that the method is applied to any of the above-mentioned systems for determining the critical pitting temperature of a metal sample, and comprises:

[0023] The controller sends a temperature control instruction to the temperature control device, and starts the temperature control device and the electrochemical workstation, wherein the temperature control instruction includes an initial temperature, an end temperature, and a temperature change step, wherein the initial temperature is the same as the temperature of the metal sample, and the end temperature is greater than the critical pitting temperature of the metal sample;

[0024] The temperature control device performs a temperature raising operation on the three-electrode device from the initial temperature until the end temperature is reached based on the temperature control instruction, obtains a relationship between temperature and time, and sends the relationship between temperature and time to the controller;

[0025] The electrochemical workstation performs a constant potential scan on the three-electrode device to obtain a relationship between current density and time, and sends the relationship between current density and time to the controller;

[0026] The controller determines the critical pitting temperature of the metal sample based on the relationship between the temperature and time, and the relationship between the current density and time.

[0027] In a possible implementation, the three-electrode device includes a counter electrode, a reference electrode, a polytetrafluoroethylene container, a salt bridge, an electric stirring rod, a corrosion solution, a bolt hole, a sample hole, a bolt nut fastener and a pressing plate; the counter electrode, the reference electrode, the salt bridge, the corrosion solution and the electric stirring rod are arranged in the polytetrafluoroethylene container, the counter electrode is placed vertically and the distance between the counter electrode and the metal sample is within a first preset distance, the reference electrode is arranged in the salt bridge, the distance between the tip of the salt bridge and the metal sample is within a second preset distance and is not zero, and the electric stirring rod is arranged in the corrosion solution; the bottom of the polytetrafluoroethylene container is provided with a bolt hole and a sample hole; the bolt nut fastener is arranged on the pressing plate, the metal sample is placed on the pressing plate, the bolt nut fastener matches the bolt hole, and the metal sample matches the sample hole; the controller is in communication connection with the electric stirring rod, and the method also includes:

[0028] The controller controls the electric stirring rod to continuously stir the etching solution so as to keep the temperature of the etching solution uniform.

[0029] In a possible implementation, the temperature control device includes a heating ring, a cooling circulating water device and a temperature sensor; the heating ring is provided with the three-electrode device; the heating ring is connected to the temperature sensor; the cooling circulating water device is provided between the heating ring and the three-electrode device; the controller is respectively connected to the heating ring, the cooling circulating water device and the temperature sensor in communication, and the method further includes:

[0030] The controller turns on the cooling circulating water device;

[0031] The cooling circulating water device performs a temperature reduction operation on the three-electrode device.

[0032] In a possible implementation, the system further includes a scanning electron microscope and a laser confocal microscope, and the method further includes:

[0033] The scanning electron microscope and the laser confocal microscope analyze the surface of the metal sample to obtain the corrosion morphology of the metal sample at the critical pitting temperature.

[0034] A third aspect of the present application provides an electronic device, comprising at least one processor and a memory connected to the processor, wherein:

[0035] The memory is used to store computer programs;

[0036] The processor is used to execute the computer program so that the electronic device can implement the method for determining the critical pitting temperature of a metal sample according to the first aspect or any implementation of the first aspect.

[0037] A fourth aspect of the present application provides a computer storage medium, which carries one or more computer programs. When the one or more computer programs are executed by an electronic device, the electronic device can implement a method for determining the critical pitting temperature of a metal sample according to the first aspect or any implementation of the first aspect.

[0038] Based on the above technical scheme, the present application provides a method for determining the critical pitting temperature of a metal sample and related equipment. The critical pitting temperature system of the metal sample is integrated and includes a three-electrode device, a temperature control device, an electrochemical workstation and a controller. The temperature control device is provided with a three-electrode device; the metal sample is provided with the three-electrode device; the three-electrode device is connected to the electrochemical workstation; the controller is respectively connected to the three-electrode device, the temperature control device and the electrochemical workstation. The temperature control device can accurately control the temperature of the experimental environment according to the instructions of the controller, which helps to reduce the experimental errors caused by temperature fluctuations. The electrochemical workstation records the relationship between the current density and time of the three-electrode device in real time, and the temperature control device records the relationship between the temperature and time of the three-electrode device in real time. The controller collects and analyzes these data to determine the critical pitting temperature of the metal sample, thereby improving the accuracy of the critical pitting temperature. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present application. Also, the same reference symbols are used throughout the accompanying drawings to represent the same components. In the accompanying drawings:

[0040] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a system for determining the critical pitting temperature of a metal sample disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a three-electrode device disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 3 A schematic flow chart of a method for determining a critical pitting temperature of a metal sample disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 4 This is a hardware structure block diagram of a device for determining the critical pitting temperature of a metal sample disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.

[0044] Reference numerals:

[0045] 1-temperature control device; 2-three-electrode device; 3-electrochemical workstation; 21-counter electrode; 22-reference electrode; 23-polytetrafluoroethylene container; 24-salt bridge; 25-electric stirring rod; 26-bolt hole; 27-sample hole; 28-bolt and nut fasteners; 29-pressing plate; 4-metal sample. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0047] The terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and need not be used to describe a specific order or sequential order. It should be understood that the terms used in this way can be interchangeable under appropriate circumstances, which is only to describe the distinction mode adopted by the objects of the same attributes when describing in the embodiments of the present application. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, so that the process, method, system, product or equipment comprising a series of units need not be limited to those units, but may include other units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or equipment.

[0048] In order to improve the accuracy of the critical pitting temperature, the present application provides a system for determining the critical pitting temperature of a metal sample. The system for determining the critical pitting temperature of a metal sample provided in the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0049] Please see attached Figure 1 , Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a critical pitting temperature determination system for a metal sample 4 provided in an embodiment of the present application, the system comprising a three-electrode device 2, a temperature control device 1, an electrochemical workstation 3 and a controller.

[0050] A three-electrode device 2 is arranged in the temperature control device 1 .

[0051] In the present application, the temperature control device 1 includes a heating sleeve, a cooling circulating water device and a temperature sensor. A three-electrode device 2 is arranged inside the heating sleeve. The heating sleeve is connected to the temperature sensor. The cooling circulating water device is arranged between the heating sleeve and the three-electrode device 2. The controller is respectively connected to the heating sleeve, the cooling circulating water device and the temperature sensor.

[0052] The temperature control device 1 is a device with integrated temperature control function, which records the temperature change over time. It is specially designed to maintain stable temperature conditions of the three-electrode device 2 and its surrounding environment. This temperature control device 1 consists of several key components, including a heating collar, a cooling water circulation device and a temperature sensor.

[0053] The heating collar is a heating element surrounding the outside of the three-electrode device 2. It can generate heat by electrical heating, thereby raising the temperature of the three-electrode device 2 and the solution inside it. This is particularly important for electrochemical reactions that need to be performed at higher temperatures. The cooling water circulation device is connected to the controller in communication so that the heating intensity can be automatically started or adjusted when the temperature is lower than the set value.

[0054] The temperature sensor is connected to the heating collar, which means that the temperature sensor can monitor the temperature inside the heating collar in real time and convert this information into an electrical signal to feed back to the controller, ensuring the accuracy and stability of temperature control.

[0055] The cooling water circulation device is arranged between the heating collar and the three-electrode device 2 to reduce the temperature when necessary. It removes the excess heat generated by the heating collar through the circulating cooling water, thereby maintaining the temperature of the three-electrode device 2 and its surrounding environment stable. The cooling water circulation device is also connected to the controller in communication so as to automatically start or adjust the cooling intensity when the temperature exceeds the set value.

[0056] A metal sample 4 is arranged in the three-electrode device 2 .

[0057] It should be noted that the three-electrode device 2 includes a counter electrode 21, a reference electrode 22, a polytetrafluoroethylene container 23, a salt bridge 24, an electric stirring rod 25, a corrosion solution, a bolt hole 26, a sample hole 27, a bolt and nut fastener 28 and a pressing plate 29. For ease of understanding, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a three-electrode device 2 disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.

[0058] Before being placed in the three-electrode device 2, the metal sample 4 is first ground and polished to ensure that the size of the metal sample 4 after grinding and polishing can completely block the sample hole 27 reserved at the bottom of the polytetrafluoroethylene container 23, ensuring that the electrochemical reaction is carried out in a stable environment. And ensure that the surface roughness of the polished metal sample 4 reaches a certain degree. Appropriate surface roughness can ensure that the electrochemical reaction is carried out under relatively uniform and controllable conditions, thereby obtaining more accurate and reliable data.

[0059] In the present application, a counter electrode 21, a reference electrode 22, a salt bridge 24, a corrosion solution and an electric stirring rod 25 are arranged in the polytetrafluoroethylene container 23. The counter electrode 21 is placed vertically and is within a first preset distance from the metal sample 4, that is, close to the metal sample 4. The reference electrode 22 is arranged in the salt bridge 24, and the distance between the tip of the salt bridge 24 and the metal sample 4 is within a second preset distance and is not zero, that is, the tip of the salt bridge 24 is as close as possible to but does not contact the metal sample 4. The electric stirring rod 25 is arranged in the corrosion solution. Bolt holes 26 and sample holes 27 are arranged at the bottom of the polytetrafluoroethylene container 23. Bolt and nut fasteners 28 are arranged on the pressing plate 29, and the metal sample 4 is placed on the pressing plate 29. The bolt and nut fasteners 28 match the bolt holes 26, and the metal sample 4 matches the sample hole 27.

[0060] The reference electrode 22 (such as Ag / AgCl) can provide a stable, known potential reference point for measuring the potential change on the metal sample 4. The counter electrode 21 (such as a platinum sheet) and the metal sample 4 can form a current loop together to complete the electron transfer in the electrochemical reaction. The metal sample 4 serves as a working electrode and forms a three-electrode together with the reference electrode 22 and the counter electrode 21. When the metal sample 4 is immersed in the corrosive solution, an electrochemical reaction occurs on its surface.

[0061] The polytetrafluoroethylene container 23 is a corrosion-resistant material and is used to hold the corrosive solution, the electric stirring rod 25 and the electrode. The corrosive solution can be a 3.5% NaCl solution for atmospheric corrosion. In the actual reaction state of the metal material application, there will be a temperature environment below room temperature, so the corrosive solution can be pretreated, the initial temperature can be fine-tuned, and the temperature of the corrosive solution can be kept stable. The controller is connected to the electric stirring rod 25 for communication, and the electric stirring rod 25 is used to produce a uniform flow in the corrosive solution, ensure that the substances in the solution are evenly distributed, reduce the influence of the concentration gradient on the data, and help promote the uniform progress of the electrochemical reaction. The salt bridge 24 can also alleviate the influence of these uneven phenomena on the electrochemical reaction through the electrolyte solution and ion migration channel inside it, so that the reaction can be carried out more evenly and stably.

[0062] The three-electrode device 2 is connected to the electrochemical workstation 3. The controller is in communication connection with the electrochemical workstation 3.

[0063] In the present application, when the temperature control device 1 starts to change the temperature according to the set step size, the controller controls the electrochemical work to start constant potential scanning. Constant potential scanning is a commonly used electrochemical measurement technique that keeps the potential on the working electrode constant. During the constant potential scanning process, the electrochemical workstation 3 records the change of current density over time. Until a significant mutation in current density (such as 100mA / mm 2 This mutation point may correspond to a certain electrochemical transformation (such as corrosion, passivation, etc.) on the surface of the metal sample 4, and the time when the current density suddenly changes can be determined.

[0064] Furthermore, the above system may also include: a scanning electron microscope and a laser confocal microscope.

[0065] In this application, a scanning electron microscope is a device that uses a focused electron beam to scan the surface of a sample and collect signals (such as secondary electrons, backscattered electrons, etc.) generated by the interaction between electrons and samples to form images. In the study of metal materials, it can display the surface morphology of materials with high resolution, including details such as corrosion pits, cracks, and grain structure. When metal materials corrode under critical pitting conditions, the changes in corrosion morphology, such as the shape, size, and distribution of corrosion pits, can be clearly captured, providing intuitive evidence for analyzing the corrosion mechanism.

[0066] Laser confocal microscopy is a technology that uses laser as a light source to perform three-dimensional imaging of samples through an optical system. It can observe the internal structure and surface morphology of samples with high resolution without destroying the samples. In the study of metal materials, it is particularly suitable for observing the tiny structures and depth information on the surface of metal materials, such as the three-dimensional morphology of corrosion pits and the distribution of corrosion products.

[0067] In summary, the present application provides a system for determining the critical pitting temperature of a metal sample, which system integrates a three-electrode device, a temperature control device, an electrochemical workstation and a controller. The temperature control device is provided with a three-electrode device. The three-electrode device is provided with a metal sample. The three-electrode device is connected to the electrochemical workstation. The controller is respectively connected to the three-electrode device, the temperature control device and the electrochemical workstation in communication. The temperature control device can accurately control the temperature of the experimental environment according to the instructions of the controller, which helps to reduce the experimental errors caused by temperature fluctuations. The electrochemical workstation records the relationship between the current density and time of the three-electrode device in real time, and the temperature control device records the relationship between the temperature and time of the three-electrode device in real time. The controller collects and analyzes these data to determine the critical pitting temperature of the metal sample, thereby improving the accuracy of the critical pitting temperature.

[0068] The above-mentioned embodiments disclosed in the present application describe in detail the critical pitting temperature determination system of the metal sample. There are various forms of methods that can be applied to the critical pitting temperature determination system of the metal sample of the present application. Therefore, the critical pitting temperature determination method of the metal sample provided in the present application is further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0069] Please see attached Figure 3 , Figure 3 A schematic flow chart of a method for determining the critical pitting temperature of a metal sample provided in an embodiment of the present application. The method is applied to any of the above-mentioned systems for determining the critical pitting temperature of a metal sample, and may include the following steps:

[0070] Step S101: The controller sends a temperature control instruction to the temperature control device and starts the temperature control device and the electrochemical workstation. The temperature control instruction includes an initial temperature, an end temperature and a temperature change step. The initial temperature is the same as the temperature of the metal sample, and the end temperature is greater than the critical pitting temperature of the metal sample.

[0071] In this application, the controller sends a temperature control instruction to the temperature control device to set the initial temperature, end temperature and temperature change step of the temperature control device. At the same time, the two key equipments, the temperature control device and the electrochemical workstation, are also started.

[0072] The initial temperature is set to be the same as the current temperature of the metal sample to ensure that the temperature does not cause a sudden thermal shock to the sample at the beginning of the experiment. The end temperature is set to a value higher than the critical pitting temperature of the metal sample in order to observe the occurrence of critical pitting during the reaction. The temperature change step defines the amplitude of each temperature increase of the temperature control device (such as 0.1°C), which helps to control the rate of temperature increase and ensure the stability of the reaction process.

[0073] The temperature control device includes a heating sleeve, a cooling circulating water device and a temperature sensor. A three-electrode device is arranged inside the heating sleeve. The heating sleeve is connected to the temperature sensor. The cooling circulating water device is arranged between the heating sleeve and the three-electrode device. The controller is respectively connected to the heating sleeve, the cooling circulating water device and the temperature sensor in communication.

[0074] The controller starts the heating ring to heat from the initial temperature to the end temperature according to the temperature change step. Then the controller starts the cooling water circulation device to cool down. The controller can ensure that the temperature of the three-electrode device and its surrounding environment always remains within the preset range.

[0075] Step S102: Based on the temperature control instruction, the temperature control device starts to heat up the three-electrode device from the initial temperature until the end temperature is reached, obtains the relationship between temperature and time, and sends the relationship between temperature and time to the controller.

[0076] In the present application, the temperature control device starts to perform a temperature increase operation according to the received temperature control instruction. The three-electrode device is used to measure and control the electrochemical reaction process. The temperature control device gradually increases the temperature in the three-electrode device according to the set temperature change step until the set end temperature is reached. During the temperature increase process, the temperature control device records the temperature change over time, generates a temperature-time curve, and sends the temperature-time curve to the controller for subsequent analysis.

[0077] The temperature control device includes a heating collar, a cooling circulating water device and a temperature sensor. A three-electrode device is arranged inside the heating collar. The heating collar is connected to the temperature sensor. The cooling circulating water device is arranged between the heating collar and the three-electrode device. The controller turns on the cooling circulating water device. The cooling circulating water device cools down the three-electrode device. When the temperature rises to the end temperature, the controller sends an opening signal to the cooling circulating water device, and the excess heat generated by the heating collar can be taken away by the circulating cooling water, thereby reducing the ambient temperature.

[0078] Step S103: The electrochemical workstation performs a constant potential scan on the three-electrode device to obtain the relationship between the current density and the time, and sends the relationship between the current density and the time to the controller.

[0079] In this application, while the temperature control device is heating up, the electrochemical workstation starts to perform a constant potential scan on the three-electrode device. The electrochemical workstation records how the current density changes over time during the entire scan and sends this relationship to the controller, which is crucial for understanding the electrochemical behavior of metal samples at different temperatures.

[0080] The electrode device includes a counter electrode, a reference electrode, a polytetrafluoroethylene container, a salt bridge, an electric stirring rod, a corrosion solution, a bolt hole, a sample hole, a bolt nut fastener and a pressing plate. The counter electrode, the reference electrode, the salt bridge, the corrosion solution and the electric stirring rod are arranged in the polytetrafluoroethylene container. The counter electrode is placed vertically and the distance between the counter electrode and the metal sample is within a first preset distance. The reference electrode is arranged in the salt bridge. The distance between the tip of the salt bridge and the metal sample is within a second preset distance and is not zero. The electric stirring rod is arranged in the corrosion solution. Bolt holes and sample holes are arranged at the bottom of the polytetrafluoroethylene container. Bolt nut fasteners are arranged on the pressing plate, and the metal sample is placed on the pressing plate. The bolt nut fasteners match the bolt holes, and the metal sample matches the sample hole. The controller controls the electric stirring rod to continuously stir the corrosion solution so that the temperature of the corrosion solution remains uniform, reduces the influence of the concentration gradient on the data, and helps to promote the uniformity of the electrochemical reaction.

[0081] Step S104: The controller determines the critical pitting temperature of the metal sample based on the relationship between temperature and time, and the relationship between current density and time.

[0082] In this application, after the controller receives the data sent by the temperature control device and the electrochemical workstation, it starts to analyze and process. The controller compares the relationship between temperature and time and the relationship between current density and time, looking for the correlation between the two. In particular, it pays attention to when the current density changes significantly (such as a sudden increase), which usually marks the occurrence of critical pitting. By matching the time points of temperature change and current density change, the controller can determine the temperature at which critical pitting occurs in the metal sample, that is, the critical pitting temperature. This temperature is of great significance for understanding the corrosion behavior of metal materials and optimizing anti-corrosion design.

[0083] The critical pitting temperature determination system of the metal sample also includes a scanning electron microscope and a laser confocal microscope. The scanning electron microscope and the laser confocal microscope analyze the surface of the metal sample to obtain the corrosion morphology of the metal sample at the critical pitting temperature. In the present application, when the electrochemical workstation detects that the metal material has reached the critical pitting condition, the metal sample can be immediately taken out from the three-electrode test device to retain the morphology and microstructure information of the sample under the critical pitting state to the greatest extent, avoiding further changes that may occur during subsequent processing or storage. Subsequently, the surface analysis of the removed sample is performed using a scanning electron microscope and a laser confocal microscope. By comparing the corrosion morphology of metal materials under different conditions (such as different temperatures, different potentials, etc.), the corrosion behavior of metal materials in the critical pitting process can be more accurately characterized, revealing its corrosion mechanism, and providing a scientific basis for the anti-corrosion design and performance optimization of the material.

[0084] The present application also provides an electronic device in an embodiment. Figure 4 As shown, it shows a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device suitable for implementing the embodiments of the present application. The electronic device in the embodiments of the present application may include but is not limited to fixed terminals such as mobile phones, notebook computers, PDAs (personal digital assistants), PADs (tablet computers), desktop computers, etc. Figure 4 The electronic device shown is merely an example and should not bring any limitation to the functions and scope of use of the embodiments of the present application.

[0085] like Figure 4As shown, the electronic device may include a processing device (e.g., a central processing unit, a graphics processing unit, etc.) 401, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in a read-only memory (ROM) 402 or a program loaded from a storage device 408 into a random access memory (RAM) 403. When the electronic device is powered on, various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device are also stored in the RAM 403. The processing device 401, the ROM 402, and the RAM 403 are connected to each other via a bus 404. An input / output (I / O) interface 405 is also connected to the bus 404.

[0086] Typically, the following devices may be connected to the I / O interface 405: an input device 406 including, for example, a touch screen, a touch pad, a keyboard, a mouse, a camera, a microphone, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, etc.; an output device 407 including, for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a speaker, a vibrator, etc.; a storage device 408 including, for example, a memory card, a hard disk, etc.; and a communication device 409. The communication device 409 may allow the electronic device to communicate with other devices wirelessly or by wire to exchange data. Although Figure 4 An electronic device having various devices is shown, but it should be understood that it is not required to implement or possess all the devices shown. More or fewer devices may be implemented or possessed instead.

[0087] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product including computer-readable instructions. When the computer-readable instructions are executed on an electronic device, the electronic device implements any heat exchange method provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0088] A computer-readable storage medium is also provided in an embodiment of the present application. The storage medium carries one or more computer programs. When the one or more computer programs are executed by an electronic device, the electronic device can implement any heat exchange method provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0089] It should also be noted that the device embodiments described above are merely schematic, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed over multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the scheme of this embodiment. In addition, in the drawings of the device embodiments provided by the present application, the connection relationship between the modules indicates that there is a communication connection between them, which may be specifically implemented as one or more communication buses or signal lines.

[0090] Through the description of the above implementation mode, the technicians in the field can clearly understand that the present application can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general hardware, and of course, it can also be implemented by special hardware including special integrated circuits, special CPUs, special memories, special components, etc. In general, all functions completed by computer programs can be easily implemented by corresponding hardware, and the specific hardware structure used to implement the same function can also be various, such as analog circuits, digital circuits or special circuits. However, for the present application, software program implementation is a better implementation mode in more cases. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present application is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a readable storage medium, such as a computer floppy disk, a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, etc., including a number of instructions to enable a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a training device, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment of the present application.

[0091] In the above embodiments, all or part of the embodiments may be implemented by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When implemented by software, all or part of the embodiments may be implemented in the form of a computer program product.

[0092] The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the process or function described in the embodiment of the present application is generated in whole or in part. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from a website site, a computer, a training device, or a data center by wired (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) mode to another website site, computer, training device, or data center. The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that a computer can store or a data storage device such as a training device, a data center, etc. that includes one or more available media integrations. The available medium may be a magnetic medium, (e.g., a floppy disk, a hard disk, a tape), an optical medium (e.g., a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., a solid-state drive (SSD)), etc.

Claims

1. A system for determining the critical pitting temperature of a metal sample, characterized in that: It includes a three-electrode device, a temperature control device, an electrochemical workstation and a controller; A three-electrode device is provided in the temperature control device; A metal sample is arranged in the three-electrode device; The three-electrode device is connected to the electrochemical workstation; The controller is respectively connected to the three-electrode device, the temperature control device, and the electrochemical workstation for communication.

2. The critical pitting temperature determination system of a metal sample according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-electrode device includes a counter electrode, a reference electrode, a polytetrafluoroethylene container, a salt bridge, an electric stirring rod, a corrosion solution, a bolt hole, a sample hole, bolt and nut fasteners and a pressing plate; The polytetrafluoroethylene container is provided with a counter electrode, a reference electrode, a salt bridge, a corrosion solution and an electric stirring rod, the counter electrode is placed vertically and the distance between the counter electrode and the metal sample is within a first preset distance, the reference electrode is arranged in the salt bridge, the distance between the tip of the salt bridge and the metal sample is within a second preset distance and is not zero, and the electric stirring rod is arranged in the corrosion solution; The bottom of the polytetrafluoroethylene container is provided with a bolt hole and a sample hole; The bolt and nut fasteners are arranged on the pressing plate, the metal sample is placed on the pressing plate, the bolt and nut fasteners match the bolt holes, and the metal sample matches the sample holes; The controller is in communication connection with the electric stirring rod.

3. The critical pitting temperature determination system of a metal sample according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature control device includes a heating collar, a cooling circulating water device and a temperature sensor; The three-electrode device is arranged in the heating sleeve ring; The heating sleeve is connected to the temperature sensor; The cooling circulating water device is arranged between the heating sleeve ring and the three-electrode device; The controller is communicatively connected with the heating sleeve ring, the cooling circulating water device and the temperature sensor respectively.

4. The critical pitting temperature determination system of a metal sample according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system also includes: a scanning electron microscope and a laser confocal microscope.

5. A method for determining the critical pitting temperature of a metal sample, characterized in that: A critical pitting temperature determination system for a metal sample as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, the method comprising: The controller sends a temperature control instruction to the temperature control device, and starts the temperature control device and the electrochemical workstation, wherein the temperature control instruction includes an initial temperature, an end temperature, and a temperature change step, wherein the initial temperature is the same as the temperature of the metal sample, and the end temperature is greater than the critical pitting temperature of the metal sample; The temperature control device performs a temperature raising operation on the three-electrode device from the initial temperature until the end temperature is reached based on the temperature control instruction, obtains a relationship between temperature and time, and sends the relationship between temperature and time to the controller; The electrochemical workstation performs a constant potential scan on the three-electrode device to obtain a relationship between current density and time, and sends the relationship between current density and time to the controller; The controller determines the critical pitting temperature of the metal sample based on the relationship between the temperature and time, and the relationship between the current density and time.

6. The method for determining the critical pitting temperature of a metal sample according to claim 5, characterized in that: The three-electrode device comprises a counter electrode, a reference electrode, a polytetrafluoroethylene container, a salt bridge, an electric stirring rod, a corrosion solution, a bolt hole, a sample hole, a bolt nut fastener and a pressing plate; the counter electrode, the reference electrode, the salt bridge, the corrosion solution and the electric stirring rod are arranged in the polytetrafluoroethylene container, the counter electrode is placed vertically and the distance between the counter electrode and the metal sample is within a first preset distance, the reference electrode is arranged in the salt bridge, the distance between the tip of the salt bridge and the metal sample is within a second preset distance and is not zero, and the electric stirring rod is arranged in the corrosion solution; the bottom of the polytetrafluoroethylene container is provided with a bolt hole and a sample hole; the bolt nut fastener is arranged on the pressing plate, the metal sample is placed on the pressing plate, the bolt nut fastener matches the bolt hole, and the metal sample matches the sample hole; the controller is in communication connection with the electric stirring rod, and the method further comprises: The controller controls the electric stirring rod to continuously stir the etching solution so as to keep the temperature of the etching solution uniform.

7. The method for determining the critical pitting temperature of a metal sample according to claim 5, characterized in that: The temperature control device comprises a heating ring, a cooling circulating water device and a temperature sensor; the three-electrode device is arranged inside the heating ring; the heating ring is connected to the temperature sensor; the cooling circulating water device is arranged between the heating ring and the three-electrode device; The controller is respectively connected to the heating collar, the cooling water circulation device and the temperature sensor for communication, and the method further comprises: The controller turns on the cooling circulating water device; The cooling circulating water device performs a temperature reduction operation on the three-electrode device.

8. The method for determining the critical pitting temperature of a metal sample according to claim 5, characterized in that: The system also includes a scanning electron microscope and a laser confocal microscope, and the method further includes: The scanning electron microscope and the laser confocal microscope analyze the surface of the metal sample to obtain the corrosion morphology of the metal sample at the critical pitting temperature.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: The method comprises at least one processor and a memory connected to the processor, wherein: The memory is used to store computer programs; The processor is used to execute the computer program so that the electronic device can implement the method for determining the critical pitting temperature of a metal sample as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 8.

10. A computer storage medium, characterized in that: The storage medium carries one or more computer programs, which, when executed by an electronic device, enable the electronic device to implement the method for determining the critical pitting temperature of a metal sample as described in any one of claims 5 to 8.

Images