Hydrogen fuel cell system, thermal management method and rail transit vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydrogen fuel cell system, a thermal management method and a rail transit vehicle, the hydrogen fuel cell system comprises a hydrogen fuel cell module, a solid hydrogen storage module, and a thermal management module respectively communicated with the hydrogen fuel cell module and the solid hydrogen storage module, the hydrogen fuel cell module comprises a main module and an auxiliary module, the system is characterized in that a main heat management module is installed between the main module and the solid hydrogen storage module, and an auxiliary heat management module is installed between the auxiliary component and the solid hydrogen storage module. Heat required by hydrogen desorption of the solid hydrogen storage system is from waste heat of the hydrogen fuel cell module, so that the burden of a water-air radiator of a main loop is reduced, the power of a cooling fan of the main loop is reduced, and the energy utilization rate of the system is improved by more than 10%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a hydrogen fuel cell system, in particular to a hydrogen fuel cell system, a thermal management method and a rail transit vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Fuel cells are an important way to efficiently utilize hydrogen energy. They have the advantages of high power generation efficiency (40% to 60%), short refueling time, clean and environmentally friendly, safe and reliable, etc. They have broad application space in the field of traction power supply systems for rail transit vehicles. At present, hydrogen fuel cell systems have been used in traction power supply systems for rail transit vehicles such as locomotives, EMUs, trams and engineering vehicles.

[0003] A hydrogen fuel cell system usually includes a hydrogen fuel cell module, a hydrogen storage module, and a heat dissipation module. Hydrogen is the fuel source of the hydrogen fuel cell system. The function of the hydrogen storage module is to store hydrogen and provide hydrogen with pressure, temperature, and flow that meet the requirements to the hydrogen fuel cell module. According to different hydrogen storage principles, the main methods of hydrogen storage include high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, solid-state hydrogen storage, and low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage. Among them, high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage is to compress hydrogen molecules to 35MPa or 70MPa and store them in high-pressure hydrogen storage bottles. Solid-state hydrogen storage utilizes the reversible catalytic dissociation and adsorption effects of hydrogen storage alloys (including TiMn series, Mg series, rare earth series, etc.) on hydrogen to store hydrogen in atomic form in hydrogen storage alloys.

[0004] High-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage has the advantages of mature technology, simple structure, and simple hydrogen absorption and desorption conditions. It is currently the most widely used hydrogen storage method. However, the volumetric hydrogen storage density of high-pressure hydrogen storage is only 24g / L@35MPa or 40g / L@70MPa, which restricts the requirements of rail transit vehicles for large hydrogen storage capacity and long driving range. Solid-state hydrogen storage has a high volumetric hydrogen storage density of more than 50g / L; high safety, and hydrogen absorption and desorption pressures below 5MPa. It is very suitable for application scenarios such as locomotives and engineering vehicles with limited equipment installation space but insensitive to weight. Therefore, metal solid-state hydrogen storage has broad application prospects in the on-board hydrogen storage system of locomotive rail transit vehicles.

[0005] The Chinese patent application with publication number CN113707903A discloses a fuel cell system with solid hydrogen storage as a hydrogen source, a fuel cell, a hydrogen storage device, a heat transfer element; a heat exchange module, which is electrically connected to the fuel cell and arranged between the fuel cell and the solid hydrogen storage tank, can provide the waste heat generated by the operation of the fuel cell to heat the solid hydrogen storage tank. The system can be started at a relatively low temperature.

[0006] This solution installs a hydrogen temporary storage tank, heat transfer components and internal heating tanks in the solid hydrogen storage tank, a second heat exchange tank next to it, and a first heat exchange tank around the fuel cell. The structure is complex, the weight is heavy, and the heat exchange structure design is unreasonable. In addition, this solution needs to add a hydrogen temporary storage tank, that is, a buffer tank, which is used to start the fuel cell at low temperatures. The tank is large in size and has a low hydrogen storage density. It cannot be disassembled regardless of whether it is needed or not, which weakens the advantage of the high density of solid hydrogen storage. It belongs to the conventional gas-solid mixed hydrogen supply. Summary of the invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a hydrogen fuel cell system, a thermal management method and a rail transit vehicle to address the deficiencies of the existing technology, and to utilize the heat of the hydrogen fuel cell to heat the solid-state hydrogen storage module to improve the energy utilization rate of the system.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0009] A hydrogen fuel cell system, comprising a hydrogen fuel cell module, a solid-state hydrogen storage module, and a thermal management module respectively connected to the hydrogen fuel cell module and the solid-state hydrogen storage module, wherein the hydrogen fuel cell module comprises a main module and an auxiliary module, characterized in that a main thermal management module is installed between the main module and the solid-state hydrogen storage module, and an auxiliary thermal management module is installed between the auxiliary component and the solid-state hydrogen storage module;

[0010] The main thermal management module includes a first heat exchanger, a first heat transfer tube is installed on the periphery of the main module, a water outlet of the first heat transfer tube is connected to a hot medium water inlet of the first heat exchanger, and a hot medium water outlet of the first heat exchanger is connected to a water inlet of the first heat transfer tube, a second heat transfer tube is installed on the periphery of the solid hydrogen storage module, a cold medium water outlet of the first heat exchanger is connected to a water inlet of the second heat transfer tube through a water pump, and a water outlet of the second heat transfer tube is connected to a cold medium water inlet of the first heat exchanger;

[0011] The solid-state hydrogen storage module further includes a water tank, a heater is installed in the water tank, the water tank is connected in parallel with the first heat exchanger circuit, a water outlet of the water tank is communicated with a water inlet of the second heat transfer tube, and a water outlet of the second heat transfer tube is communicated with a water inlet of the water tank;

[0012] Preferably, the electrical conductivity of the coolant in the main thermal management module (31) is <5 μs / cm.

[0013] There is no special requirement for the conductivity of the coolant in the auxiliary thermal management module (32).

[0014] Preferably, the heater is a PTC heater.

[0015] The present invention adopts a main thermal management module and an auxiliary thermal management module respectively. The main thermal management module has high requirements on the conductivity of the coolant. Too high ion conductivity will affect the life of the fuel cell. The auxiliary coolant of the auxiliary thermal management module has no requirements, no special requirements, and low cost. The heat dissipation temperature of the main module and the auxiliary circuit is inconsistent, and the heat dissipation is separated to ensure the heat dissipation effect and conductivity requirements.

[0016] The dual-circuit cooling system of the present invention adopts a cooling mode in which a first heat exchanger of a main circuit and a second heat exchanger of a main circuit are connected in series, and the cooling medium of the main circuit is not connected to the auxiliary circuit.

[0017] When the heat exchanger uses a water-to-water heat exchanger, the circulating water required by the solid-state hydrogen storage module is supplied by the main circuit, and heat is exchanged with the main circuit through the heat exchanger. The water flow in the solid-state hydrogen storage auxiliary circuit is changed by a water pump to control the heat obtained by the solid-state hydrogen storage module, thereby achieving the effect of controlling the hydrogen release rate.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water outlet of the heat medium of the first heat exchanger is connected to the liquid inlet of the second heat exchanger through one interface of the main three-way valve, and the liquid outlet of the second heat exchanger is connected to the liquid inlet of the first heat transfer tube.

[0019] Part of the heat of the main module is used for the heat required for solid-state hydrogen storage and dehydrogenation, and the remaining heat is blown into the atmosphere through the first heat exchanger to the second heat exchanger, reducing the power of the main module cooling fan and improving the system efficiency.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, another interface of the main three-way valve is communicated with the water inlet of the first heat transfer tube.

[0021] When the hydrogen fuel cell module does not generate heat, or generates less heat, the main three-way valve is adjusted so that the heat medium outlet of the first heat exchanger is directly connected to the water inlet of the first heat transfer pipe.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the auxiliary thermal management module includes a third heat exchanger, and a third heat transfer tube is installed on the outside of the auxiliary module. The liquid outlet of the third heat transfer tube is connected to the liquid inlet of the third heat exchanger through one of the interfaces of the auxiliary three-way valve, the liquid outlet of the third heat exchanger is connected to the liquid inlet of the third heat transfer tube, and another interface of the auxiliary three-way valve is connected to the liquid inlet of the second heat transfer tube, and the liquid outlet of the second heat transfer tube is connected to the liquid inlet of the third heat transfer tube.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a loop consisting of the first heat exchanger, the main three-way valve, and the second heat exchanger is connected in parallel with a main water tank, a water outlet of the main water tank is connected to a water inlet of the first heat transfer tube, and a water inlet of the main water tank is connected to a water outlet of the first heat transfer tube.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cold medium water outlet of the first heat exchanger is communicated with the water inlet of the water tank, and the water outlet of the water tank is communicated with the cold medium water inlet of the first heat exchanger.

[0025] Preferably, the auxiliary module includes an air compressor, an air compressor controller, an intercooler and a DC / DC converter module.

[0026] Preferably, the third heat exchanger circuit is connected in parallel with the auxiliary water tank circuit, the water outlet of the auxiliary water tank is communicated with the liquid inlet of the third heat transfer tube, and the liquid outlet of the third heat transfer tube is communicated with the water inlet of the auxiliary water tank.

[0027] Preferably, the heating medium of the first heat exchanger is water.

[0028] Preferably, the second heat exchanger is a water-air heat exchanger.

[0029] Preferably, the third heat exchanger is a water-air heat exchanger.

[0030] Preferably, the heater is a PTC heater.

[0031] The present invention also discloses a thermal management method for a hydrogen fuel cell system, comprising the following steps:

[0032] S1. When the solid-state hydrogen storage module has not reached the starting temperature, the water tank is heated by the heater until the solid-state hydrogen storage module can release hydrogen at a small flow rate to meet the low-power starting of the hydrogen fuel cell;

[0033] S2. When the temperature in the second heat transfer tube does not need to be heated further, stop the heater from heating the water tank.

[0034] When the environment is low temperature, the hydrogen fuel cell module cannot start, and the solid-state hydrogen storage cannot obtain heat from the hydrogen fuel cell to release hydrogen stably, and only requires a small amount of heat for external heating.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S1, the main three-way valve is switched simultaneously to connect the water outlet of the first heat exchanger with the water inlet of the first heat transfer tube;

[0036] The auxiliary three-way valve is switched to connect the liquid outlet of the third heat exchanger with the liquid inlet of the second heat transfer tube, and the liquid outlet of the second heat transfer tube is connected with the liquid inlet of the third heat transfer tube.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thermal management method of the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes S3, switching the main three-way valve, so that the water outlet of the heat medium of the first heat exchanger is connected to the liquid inlet of the second heat exchanger, and the liquid outlet of the second heat exchanger is connected to the liquid inlet of the first heat transfer tube;

[0038] The auxiliary three-way valve is switched, so that the liquid outlet of the third heat transfer tube is connected with the liquid inlet of the third heat exchanger, and the liquid outlet of the third heat exchanger is connected with the liquid inlet of the third heat transfer tube.

[0039] When the solid-state hydrogen storage module is started normally, the second heat exchanger is started to dissipate heat for the main module, and the third heat exchanger is started to dissipate heat for the auxiliary thermal management module.

[0040] Preferably, the starting temperature of the S1 solid-state hydrogen storage module is greater than or equal to 60°C.

[0041] Preferably, when the temperature in the second heat transfer tube S2 is greater than 35° C., the heater is stopped from heating the water tank.

[0042] Preferably, in S1, the main three-way valve and the auxiliary three-way valve close the main loop and the auxiliary loop, and switch to the small cycle shown by the dotted line, so that the heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell and the heat generated by power generation and the auxiliary system are all used to heat the solid-state hydrogen storage module, so as to quickly start the solid-state hydrogen storage module, thereby allowing the entire system to quickly enter a stable working state.

[0043] The invention also discloses a rail transit vehicle, characterized by comprising the hydrogen fuel cell system.

[0044] Compared with the Chinese patent application with publication number CN113707903A, the present application does not need to add a buffer tank, but only needs to add a PTC heater. By utilizing the low-temperature heating of the on-board energy storage power supply, the PTC heater is not needed when the temperature reaches the solid-state hydrogen storage and dehydrogenation, and the space and weight are not increased under the conditions of the application.

[0045] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0046] (1) A thermal management system for solid-state hydrogen storage and dehydrogenation is proposed: the heat required for dehydrogenation of solid-state hydrogen storage comes from the waste heat of the hydrogen fuel cell module, which reduces the burden on the main circuit water-air radiator, reduces the power of the main circuit cooling fan, and improves the system energy utilization rate by more than 10%.

[0047] (2) A control method for low-temperature start-up of a hydrogen fuel cell system is proposed: when starting at low temperature, the small circulation mode can be turned on, and the heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell and the power generation heating and auxiliary system heat can all be used to heat the solid-state hydrogen storage module, so as to quickly start the hydrogen fuel cell system. Through its own cogeneration of heat and power, the startup time can be greatly saved, the dependence on external power supply can be reduced, and the convenience of using the whole vehicle can be improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 2 A solid-state hydrogen storage and dehydrogenation control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] In the figure, hydrogen fuel cell module 1, solid-state hydrogen storage module 2, thermal management module 3;

[0051] Main module 11, auxiliary module 12, first heat transfer tube 111, main water tank 112;

[0052] A second heat transfer tube 21, a water tank 22, and a heater 23;

[0053] The main thermal management module 31 , the auxiliary thermal management module 32 , the first heat exchanger 311 , the water pump 312 , the main three-way valve 313 , the second heat exchanger 314 , the third heat exchanger 321 , the third heat transfer pipe 322 , the auxiliary three-way valve 323 , and the auxiliary water tank 324 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] like Figure 1 As shown, a hydrogen fuel cell system includes a hydrogen fuel cell module 1, a solid-state hydrogen storage module 2, and a thermal management module 3 respectively connected to the hydrogen fuel cell module 1 and the solid-state hydrogen storage module 2, the hydrogen fuel cell module 1 includes a main module 11 and an auxiliary module 12, a main thermal management module 31 is installed between the main module 11 and the solid-state hydrogen storage module 2, and an auxiliary thermal management module 32 is installed between the auxiliary module 12 and the solid-state hydrogen storage module 2.

[0055] The main thermal management module 31 includes a first heat exchanger 311. A first heat transfer tube 111 is installed on the periphery of the main module 11. The water outlet of the first heat transfer tube 111 is connected to the heat medium water inlet of the first heat exchanger 311, and the heat medium water outlet of the first heat exchanger 311 is connected to the water inlet of the first heat transfer tube 111. A second heat transfer tube 21 is installed on the periphery of the solid hydrogen storage module 2. The cold medium water outlet of the first heat exchanger 311 is connected to the water inlet of the second heat transfer tube 21 through a water pump 312, and the water outlet of the second heat transfer tube 21 is connected to the cold medium water inlet of the first heat exchanger 311.

[0056] The solid-state hydrogen storage module 2 also includes a water tank 22, in which a PTC heater 23 is installed. The water tank 22 is connected in parallel with the first heat exchanger 311 circuit. The water outlet of the water tank 22 is connected to the water inlet of the second heat transfer tube 21, and the water outlet of the second heat transfer tube 21 is connected to the water inlet of the water tank 22.

[0057] The water outlet of the heat medium of the first heat exchanger 311 is connected to the liquid inlet of the second heat exchanger 314 through one interface of the main three-way valve 313 , and the liquid outlet of the second heat exchanger 314 is connected to the liquid inlet of the first heat transfer tube 111 .

[0058] Another water outlet of the main three-way valve 313 is connected to the water inlet of the first heat transfer pipe 111 .

[0059] The auxiliary thermal management module 32 includes a third heat exchanger 321, and a third heat transfer tube 322 is installed on the outside of the auxiliary thermal management module 32. The liquid outlet of the third heat transfer tube 322 is connected to the liquid inlet of the third heat exchanger 321 through one of the interfaces of the auxiliary three-way valve 323, the liquid outlet of the third heat exchanger 321 is connected to the liquid inlet of the third heat transfer tube 322, and the other interface of the auxiliary three-way valve is connected to the liquid inlet of the second heat transfer tube 21, and the liquid outlet of the second heat transfer tube 21 is connected to the liquid inlet of the third heat transfer tube 322.

[0060] The loop composed of the first heat exchanger 311, the main three-way valve 313, and the second heat exchanger 314 is connected in parallel with the main water tank 112, the water outlet of the main water tank 112 is connected to the water inlet of the first heat transfer tube 111, and the water inlet of the main water tank 112 is connected to the water outlet of the first heat transfer tube 111.

[0061] The cold medium water outlet of the first heat exchanger 311 is communicated with the water inlet of the water tank 22 , and the water outlet of the water tank 22 is communicated with the cold medium water inlet of the first heat exchanger 311 .

[0062] The auxiliary module 12 includes an air compressor, an air compressor controller, an intercooler and a DC / DC converter module.

[0063] The circuit of the third heat exchanger 321 is connected in parallel with the circuit of the auxiliary water tank 324, the water outlet of the auxiliary water tank 324 is connected with the liquid inlet of the third heat transfer tube 322, and the liquid outlet of the third heat transfer tube 322 is connected with the water inlet of the auxiliary water tank 324. The heating medium of the first heat exchanger 311 is water. The second heat exchanger 313 is a water-air heat exchanger. The third heat exchanger 321 is a water-air heat exchanger. The heater 23 is a PTC heater.

[0064] like Figure 2 As shown, the thermal management method of the above hydrogen fuel cell system includes the following steps:

[0065] S1, when the solid-state hydrogen storage module has not reached the starting temperature (stable hydrogen release) (<50°C), the water tank is heated by the heater until the solid-state hydrogen storage module can release hydrogen at a small flow rate to meet the low-power start-up of the hydrogen fuel cell;

[0066] At S1, the main three-way valve is switched simultaneously to connect the water outlet of the first heat exchanger with the water inlet of the first heat transfer tube;

[0067] The auxiliary three-way valve is switched to connect the liquid outlet of the third heat exchanger with the liquid inlet of the second heat transfer tube, and the liquid outlet of the second heat transfer tube is connected with the liquid inlet of the third heat transfer tube.

[0068] The water pump can adjust f according to temperature changes. The faster the speed changes, the faster the heat exchange.

[0069] Q1=Cm△t1 (1)

[0070] P1=Cf1△t1 (2)

[0071] In formula (1), Q1 is the heat absorbed by the solid hydrogen storage module 2, C is the specific heat capacity of the coolant, m is the mass of the coolant in the solid hydrogen storage circulation branch, and △t1 is the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet coolants of the solid hydrogen storage module 2.

[0072] In formula (2), the heat power per unit time P1 is converted from formula (1), Q1 / time = P1 heat power, m / time = f1 flow rate.

[0073] When S1 switches only the main three-way valve to connect the water outlet of the first heat exchanger with the water inlet of the first heat transfer tube, f1 is the flow rate of cooling heat in the second heat transfer tube 21 .

[0074] When S1 switches the main three-way valve so that the water outlet of the first heat exchanger is connected to the water inlet of the first heat transfer tube, and at the same time switches the auxiliary three-way valve so that the liquid outlet of the third heat exchanger is connected to the liquid inlet of the second heat transfer tube, and the liquid outlet of the second heat transfer tube is connected to the liquid inlet of the third heat transfer tube, f1 is the total amount of the cooling heat flow in the second heat transfer tube 21 and the cooling heat flow in the third heat exchanger 321.

[0075] S2. When the inlet temperature of the coolant in the second heat transfer tube does not need to be heated further (>35°C), the heater is stopped from heating the water tank.

[0076] When the coolant inlet temperature in the second heat transfer tube is greater than 35°C, the solid-state hydrogen storage module may not have reached a stable hydrogen release temperature, but the solid-state hydrogen storage module has begun to release hydrogen. The main module 11 generates waste heat after receiving hydrogen. At this time, S2 is started and the heater is stopped to heat the water tank to save energy.

[0077] S3, switching the main three-way valve, so that the water outlet of the heat medium of the first heat exchanger is connected with the liquid inlet of the second heat exchanger, and the liquid outlet of the second heat exchanger is connected with the liquid inlet of the first heat transfer tube;

[0078] The auxiliary three-way valve is switched, so that the liquid outlet of the third heat transfer tube is connected with the liquid inlet of the third heat exchanger, and the liquid outlet of the third heat exchanger is connected with the liquid inlet of the third heat transfer tube.

[0079] When the environment is low temperature, the hydrogen fuel cell module cannot start, and the solid-state hydrogen storage cannot obtain heat from the hydrogen fuel cell to release hydrogen stably, so external heating is required.

[0080] When the solid-state hydrogen storage module is started normally, the second heat exchanger is started to dissipate heat for the main module, and the third heat exchanger is started to dissipate heat for the auxiliary thermal management module.

[0081] The water-to-air heat exchanger is responsible for ensuring the inlet temperature of the fuel cell, and the amount of heat dissipation is determined by the amount of incoming heat.

[0082] Q2=Q-Q1 (3)

[0083] Q2=Cm△t2 (4)

[0084] P2=Cf2△t2 (5)

[0085] Q is the heat from the fuel cell, that is, the heat from the first heat transfer tube 111, which is calculated based on the efficiency of the fuel cell.

[0086] Q1 is the heat consumed by solid-state hydrogen storage.

[0087] The heat Q from the fuel cell minus the heat Q1 used by the solid hydrogen storage equals the heat that needs to be dissipated by the radiator. According to Q2 = Cm△t2, P2 = Cf2△t2, knowing the flow of the circuit, the water temperature at the radiator inlet and the temperature to be discharged, the heat dissipation power required by the radiator can be calculated. When the power of the first heat exchanger is insufficient, the second heat exchanger is turned on.

[0088] In formula (3), Q2 = Q-Q1, which is the amount of heat that the heat sink needs to dissipate.

[0089] In formula (4), Q2=CmΔt2, Q2 is the heat that needs to be dissipated by the second heat exchanger 314, m is the mass of the coolant circulating in the main loop, and Δt2 is the inlet and outlet temperature difference of the second heat exchanger 314.

[0090] In formula (5), P2 = Cf2△t2, converted into thermal power per unit time from (4), Q2 / time = P2 thermal power, m2 / time = f2 flow rate.

[0091] In S1, the main three-way valve and the auxiliary three-way valve close the main circuit and the auxiliary circuit and switch to the small cycle shown by the dotted line, so that the heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell and the heat generated by power generation and the auxiliary system are all used to heat the solid-state hydrogen storage module, so as to quickly start the solid-state hydrogen storage module, so that the entire system can quickly enter a stable working state.

[0092] The present invention solves the following technical problems:

[0093] (1) Solve the problem of heating during dehydrogenation of solid hydrogen storage alloys: The dehydrogenation process of hydrogen storage alloys is an endothermic reaction, and the solid hydrogen storage module needs to be continuously heated to maintain the dehydrogenation process. For example, the dehydrogenation enthalpy change of TiMn-based hydrogen storage alloys exceeds 12 MJ / kg H 2 , the power consumed by heating reduces the net output power of the hydrogen fuel cell system and reduces the power generation efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell system;

[0094] (2) Solve the control problem of low-temperature start-up of solid-state hydrogen storage: The hydrogen release process of hydrogen storage alloy is an endothermic reaction. When the hydrogen fuel cell system is in the low-temperature (less than 0°C) and not started, it is necessary to heat the hydrogen storage alloy to the starting hydrogen release temperature through external heating (vehicle battery, etc.). For example, TiMn hydrogen storage alloy must reach 60°C, which consumes a lot of energy, resulting in slow start-up of the fuel cell system. At the same time, it increases external energy consumption and reduces the power generation efficiency of the entire vehicle.

[0095] The present invention is a dual-circuit cooling system, which adopts the form of cooling in series of a main circuit water-water radiator and a main circuit water-air radiator, and the main circuit cooling medium is not connected to the auxiliary circuit. The circulating water required for solid-state hydrogen storage and dehydrogenation is supplied by the main circuit, and heat is exchanged with the main circuit through a water-water heat exchanger, and the water flow in the solid-state hydrogen storage auxiliary circuit is changed by a variable frequency water pump to control the heat obtained by the solid-state hydrogen storage module, thereby achieving the effect of controlling the hydrogen release rate; part of the main circuit heat is used for the heat required for solid-state hydrogen storage and dehydrogenation, and the remaining heat is blown into the atmosphere through the raw water-water heat exchanger to the water-air heat exchanger, reducing the power of the main circuit cooling fan and improving the system efficiency.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel cell system, comprising a hydrogen fuel cell module (1), a solid-state hydrogen storage module (2), and a thermal management module (3) respectively connected to the hydrogen fuel cell module (1) and the solid-state hydrogen storage module (2), wherein the hydrogen fuel cell module (1) comprises a main module (11) and an auxiliary module (12), characterized in that: A main thermal management module (31) is installed between the main module (11) and the solid-state hydrogen storage module (2), and an auxiliary thermal management module (32) is installed between the auxiliary component (12) and the solid-state hydrogen storage module (2); The main thermal management module (31) comprises a first heat exchanger (311); a first heat transfer tube (111) is installed on the periphery of the main module (11); a water outlet of the first heat transfer tube (111) is connected to a hot medium water inlet of the first heat exchanger (311); the hot medium water outlet of the first heat exchanger (311) is connected to a water inlet of the first heat transfer tube (111); a second heat transfer tube (21) is installed on the periphery of the solid hydrogen storage module (2); a cold medium water outlet of the first heat exchanger (311) is connected to a water inlet of the second heat transfer tube (21) via a water pump (312); and a water outlet of the second heat transfer tube (21) is connected to a cold medium water inlet of the first heat exchanger (311); The solid-state hydrogen storage module (2) further comprises a water tank (22), a heater (23) being installed in the water tank (22), the water tank (22) being connected in parallel with the first heat exchanger (311) circuit, the water outlet of the water tank (22) being connected with the water inlet of the second heat transfer tube (21), and the water outlet of the second heat transfer tube (21) being connected with the water inlet of the water tank (22); Preferably, the electrical conductivity of the coolant in the main thermal management module (31) is <5 μs / cm.

2. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water outlet of the heat medium of the first heat exchanger (311) is connected to the liquid inlet of the second heat exchanger (314) through one of the interfaces of the main three-way valve (313), and the liquid outlet of the second heat exchanger (314) is further connected to the liquid inlet of the first heat transfer tube (111).

3. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The other interface of the main three-way valve (313) is in communication with the water inlet of the first heat transfer tube (111).

4. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The auxiliary thermal management module (32) comprises a third heat exchanger (321); a third heat transfer tube (322) is installed on the outside of the auxiliary module (12); a liquid outlet of the third heat transfer tube (322) is connected to a liquid inlet of the third heat exchanger (321) via one interface of an auxiliary three-way valve (323); the liquid outlet of the third heat exchanger (321) is connected to a liquid inlet of the third heat transfer tube (322); another interface of the auxiliary three-way valve (323) is connected to a liquid inlet of the second heat transfer tube (21); and the liquid outlet of the second heat transfer tube (21) is connected to a liquid inlet of the third heat transfer tube (322).

5. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 4, characterized in that: A loop composed of the first heat exchanger (311), the main three-way valve (313) and the second heat exchanger (314) is connected in parallel with the main water tank (112); the water outlet of the main water tank (112) is connected to the water inlet of the first heat transfer tube (111); and the water inlet of the main water tank (112) is connected to the water outlet of the first heat transfer tube (111).

6. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cold medium water outlet of the first heat exchanger (311) is in communication with the water inlet of the water tank (22), and the water outlet of the water tank (22) is in communication with the cold medium water inlet of the first heat exchanger (311).

7. A thermal management method for a hydrogen fuel cell system, characterized in that The following steps are involved: S1. When the solid-state hydrogen storage module has not reached the starting temperature, the water tank is heated by the heater until the solid-state hydrogen storage module can release hydrogen at a small flow rate to meet the low-power starting of the hydrogen fuel cell; S2. When the temperature in the second heat transfer tube does not need to be heated further, stop the heater from heating the water tank.

8. The thermal management method of a hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 7, characterized in that: At S1, the main three-way valve is switched simultaneously to connect the water outlet of the first heat exchanger with the water inlet of the first heat transfer tube; The auxiliary three-way valve is switched to connect the liquid outlet of the third heat exchanger with the liquid inlet of the second heat transfer tube, and the liquid outlet of the second heat transfer tube is connected with the liquid inlet of the third heat transfer tube.

9. The thermal management method of a hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method further comprises: S3, switching the main three-way valve, so that the water outlet of the heat medium of the first heat exchanger is connected with the liquid inlet of the second heat exchanger, and the liquid outlet of the second heat exchanger is connected with the liquid inlet of the first heat transfer tube; The auxiliary three-way valve is switched, so that the liquid outlet of the third heat transfer tube is connected with the liquid inlet of the third heat exchanger, and the liquid outlet of the third heat exchanger is connected with the liquid inlet of the third heat transfer tube.

10. A rail transit vehicle, characterized in that A hydrogen fuel cell system comprising any one of claims 1-6.

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