Formation method of 2V high-magnification lead-acid storage battery

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of battery formation processes, in particular to a 2V high-magnification lead-acid storage battery formation method, which comprises the following steps of: putting a lead-acid storage battery which is quantitatively injected with acid into a constant-temperature water bath of which the temperature is controlled at 30-40 DEG C, and then performing formation, namely standing for 1 hour at the current of 0A; constant-current charging: the charging current is 0.05 CA, and the charging time is 4 hours; gradient charging: the charging current is gradually increased from 0.15 CA to 0.20 CA, and the charging time is 12 hours; charging and discharging for multiple times by adopting a gradient current value; installing an exhaust valve, and testing related indexes of the lead-acid storage battery; according to the formation method of the 2V high-magnification lead-acid storage battery, the difference between the batteries is balanced, the voltage and the internal resistance between the batteries are balanced, and the formation period is only 62 hours.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of battery formation technology, in particular to a 2V high-rate lead-acid battery formation method. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of new generation information technologies such as 5G, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence, the digital economy is booming. The industries related to the data center industry chain will usher in rapid development. In the future, the contribution of the digital economy to economic growth will continue to increase. The scale of data center construction will continue to grow steadily, and batteries, as one of the important components of data center backup energy storage power supplies, will also generate a large amount of demand. Data center batteries have extremely high safety requirements, and the placement space can usually be determined independently, so the requirements for battery energy density and volume are relatively flexible. Due to the high safety and low cost of lead-acid batteries, lead-acid batteries have become the mainstream choice in the field of data center energy storage. According to industry experts, the current market share of lead-acid batteries in my country's data center energy storage field exceeds 90%, and the penetration rate of lithium-ion batteries is less than 10%. Compared with traditional ordinary batteries, high-rate lead-acid batteries have advantages such as high energy density and high discharge rate, and can provide higher power output and faster charging speed.

[0003] The battery production cycle is 15 days, of which the semi-finished battery time is 7 days, the acid injection and formation time is 7 days, and the packaging time is 1 day. It is not difficult to see that the acid injection and formation process time accounts for nearly 50% of the entire production cycle. The reason is that in the past, ordinary battery plates were generally produced by gravity casting. The thickness of the grid was generally limited to 4mm to 5mm. In order to ensure the formation effect, it is necessary to use a long time and 0.05C 10 ~0.1C 10 The plates are activated by overcharging with a small current. The formation time is as long as 7 days, and the stage charging time is more than 60 hours. The long-term overcharging leads to extremely low production efficiency and the exhaust gas generated during the formation process causes great environmental pollution.

[0004] At present, the application scenario of 2V high-rate lead-acid batteries is generally a 480V high-voltage system, which usually uses 240 batteries in series and four groups in parallel. The internal resistance and voltage consistency of the battery are extremely high. The internal resistance deviation must not exceed 10%, and the floating charge voltage difference must not exceed 90mV. However, long-term charging without discharge during the formation and activation process is not conducive to the depolarization of the plate, and it is impossible to balance the differences between the batteries, which cannot meet the high consistency requirements of the internal resistance and voltage of high-power batteries. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a 2V high-rate lead-acid battery formation method which can balance the differences between batteries, balance the voltage and internal resistance between batteries, and has a formation period of only 62 hours.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a 2V high-rate lead-acid battery formation method, wherein the lead-acid battery with quantitative acid injection is placed in a constant temperature water bath controlled at 30-40°C, and then the following formation steps are performed:

[0007] S1. Stand for 1h, current 0A;

[0008] Constant current charging: charging current 0.05CA, charging time 4h;

[0009] Gradual charging: the charging current increases gradually from 0.15CA to 0.20CA, and the charging time is 12h;

[0010] S2. Let stand for 0.5h;

[0011] Gradual discharge: the discharge current gradually decreases from 0.15CA to 0.10CA, and the discharge time is 0.5h;

[0012] Gradual charging: the charging current increases gradually from 0.15CA to 0.20CA, and the charging time is 3h;

[0013] S3. Let stand for 0.5h;

[0014] Gradual discharge: the discharge current gradually decreases from 0.15CA to 0.10CA, and the discharge time is 1h;

[0015] Gradual charging: the charging current increases gradually from 0.15CA to 0.20CA, and the charging time is 6h;

[0016] S4. Let stand for 0.5h;

[0017] Gradual discharge: the discharge current gradually decreases from 0.15CA to 0.10CA, and the discharge time is 1.5h;

[0018] Gradual charging: the charging current increases gradually from 0.15CA to 0.20CA, and the charging time is 12h;

[0019] S5. Let stand for 0.5h;

[0020] Gradual discharge: the discharge current gradually decreases from 0.15CA to 0.10CA, and the discharge time is 2h;

[0021] Gradual charging: the charging current increases gradually from 0.15CA to 0.20CA, and the charging time is 12h;

[0022] S6. Install the exhaust valve and conduct relevant indicator tests on the lead-acid battery.

[0023] Furthermore, the gradual charging in step S1 is increased by 0.01CA every 0.5h.

[0024] Furthermore, in step S2, the gradual discharge is reduced by 0.01CA every 0.1h; and the gradual charge is increased by 0.01CA every 0.5h.

[0025] Furthermore, in step S3, the gradual discharge is reduced by 0.01CA every 0.2h; and the gradual charge is increased by 0.01CA every 1h.

[0026] Furthermore, in step S4, the gradual discharge is reduced by 0.01CA every 0.3h; and the gradual charge is increased by 0.01CA every 2h.

[0027] Furthermore, in step S5, the gradual discharge is reduced by 0.01CA every 0.4h; and the gradual charge is increased by 0.01CA every 2h.

[0028] Furthermore, the height of the water bath in the water bath exceeds the height of the electrode plates.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0030] (1) In the present invention, all charging and discharging steps use a gradual current value. In the charging stage, the current value gradually increases from a small value to reduce the generation of side reactions and reduce the battery temperature at the same time, thereby avoiding the generation of a coarse crystal structure of lead sulfate during the recrystallization process at a high temperature, which causes difficulty in charging and discharging. In the discharging stage, the current value gradually decreases from a large value, and a large current is used for depolarization, and then a small current is used to improve the next charging acceptance capacity. At the same time, a 0.15CA-0.10CA, 0.15CA-0.20CA gradual current is used for multiple discharge and charging, gradually increasing the depth of charge and discharge, gradually activating the electrode plates, further reducing the generation of side reactions, and reducing the amount of gas evolution, thereby achieving a balance between the differences between the batteries and the balance between the voltage and the internal resistance. Compared with the existing formation process, the formation cycle is only 62h (about 2.5 days), which is shortened by 4 days, thereby reducing the impact of exhaust gas on the atmospheric environment.

[0031] (2) In the present invention, a small current of 0.05CA is used for charging in the early stage of battery formation to prevent the plate from heating and causing the shell to swell when the electrolyte does not fully infiltrate the diaphragm in the early stage of formation; then a gradual current of 0.15CA to 0.20CA is used for charging to quickly reduce the polarization overpotential of the two poles, so that the large current density can be used for the electrochemical reaction of charging to the maximum extent, so that the plate can be quickly formed; then a gradual current of 0.15CA to 0.10CA is used for discharge and rapid depolarization to improve the battery's charging acceptance. The use of a large current for a short time discharge does not cause a significant loss of battery capacity, but can also improve the charging acceptance current, which complements the large current charging, and gradually deepens the charging depth during the formation process, so that the plate is gradually formed and activated from the outside to the inside. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0033] Figure 1 is a comparison diagram of the effects of Example 1 of the present invention and the traditional method on the consistency of the floating charge voltage;

[0034] Figure 2 is a comparison diagram of the effects of Example 1 of the present invention and the traditional method on the consistency of internal resistance;

[0035] Figure 3 is a comparison diagram of the effects of Example 2 of the present invention and the traditional method on the consistency of the floating charge voltage;

[0036] Figure 4 It is a comparison chart of the effects of Example 2 of the present invention and the traditional method on the consistency of internal resistance. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. These drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, which only illustrate the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and therefore only show the components related to the present invention.

[0038] A 2V high-rate lead-acid battery formation method is provided, wherein the lead-acid battery with quantitative acid injection is placed in a constant temperature water bath controlled at 30-40°C, and then the following formation steps are performed:

[0039] S1. Stand for 1h, current 0A;

[0040] Constant current charging: charging current 0.05CA, charging time 4h;

[0041] Gradual charging: the charging current increases gradually from 0.15CA to 0.20CA, increasing by 0.01CA every 0.5h, and the charging time is 12h;

[0042] S2. Let stand for 0.5h;

[0043] Gradual discharge: the discharge current is 0.15CA~0.10CA and gradually decreases by 0.01CA every 0.1h, and the discharge time is 0.5h;

[0044] Gradual charging: the charging current increases gradually from 0.15CA to 0.20CA, increasing by 0.01CA every 0.5h, and the charging time is 3h;

[0045] S3. Let stand for 0.5h;

[0046] Gradual discharge: the discharge current is 0.15CA~0.10CA and gradually decreases by 0.01CA every 0.2h, and the discharge time is 1h;

[0047] Gradual charging: the charging current increases gradually from 0.15CA to 0.20CA, increasing by 0.01CA every hour, and the charging time is 6 hours;

[0048] S4. Let stand for 0.5h;

[0049] Gradual discharge: the discharge current is 0.15CA~0.10CA and gradually decreases by 0.01CA every 0.3h, and the discharge time is 1.5h;

[0050] Gradual charging: the charging current increases gradually from 0.15CA to 0.20CA, increasing by 0.01CA every 2 hours, and the charging time is 12 hours;

[0051] S5. Let stand for 0.5h;

[0052] Gradual discharge: the discharge current is 0.15CA~0.10CA and gradually decreases by 0.01CA every 0.4h, and the discharge time is 2h;

[0053] Gradual charging: the charging current increases gradually from 0.15CA to 0.20CA, increasing by 0.01CA every 2 hours, and the charging time is 12 hours;

[0054] S6. Install the exhaust valve and conduct relevant indicator tests on the lead-acid battery.

[0055] All charging and discharging steps use a gradual current value. In the charging stage, the current value gradually increases from a small value to reduce the generation of side reactions, while lowering the battery temperature, thereby avoiding the generation of a coarse crystal structure during the recrystallization process of lead sulfate at a high temperature, which causes difficulty in charging and discharging. In the discharging stage, the current value gradually decreases from a large value, and a large current is used for depolarization, and then a small current is used to improve the next charging acceptance capacity. At the same time, a gradient current of 0.15CA to 0.10CA and 0.15CA to 0.20CA is used for multiple discharge and charging frequencies to gradually increase the depth of charge and discharge, gradually activate the plates, further reduce the generation of side reactions, and reduce the amount of gas evolution, thereby achieving a balance between the differences between the batteries and the balance between voltage and internal resistance. Compared with the existing formation process, the formation cycle is only 62h (about 2.5 days), which is 4 days shorter and reduces the impact of exhaust gas on the atmospheric environment.

[0056] In the early stage of battery formation, a small current of 0.05CA is used for charging to prevent the plate from heating and causing the shell to swell when the electrolyte has not fully infiltrated the diaphragm in the early stage of formation; then a gradual current of 0.15CA~0.20CA is used for charging to quickly reduce the polarization overpotential of the two poles, so that the large current density can be used for the electrochemical reaction of charging to the maximum extent, so that the plate can be quickly formed; then a gradual current of 0.15CA~0.10CA is used for discharge and rapid depolarization to improve the battery's charging acceptance capacity. The use of a large current for a short time discharge will not cause a significant loss of battery capacity, but can also increase the charging acceptance current, which complements the large current charging, and gradually deepens the charging depth during the formation process, so that the plate is gradually formed and activated from the outside to the inside.

[0057] Specifically, the height of the water bath in the water bath exceeds the height of the plate; C represents the rated capacity ampere-hour of the battery, A represents ampere, and h represents hour.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] The formation steps of the present embodiment are as follows:

[0060] S1. Stand for 1h, current 0A;

[0061] Constant current charging: charging current 25A, charging time 4h;

[0062] Gradual charging: charging current 75~100A, charging time 12h;

[0063] S2. Let stand for 0.5h;

[0064] Gradual discharge: discharge current 75~50A, discharge time 0.5h;

[0065] Gradual charging: charging current 75~100A, charging time 3h;

[0066] S3. Let stand for 0.5h;

[0067] Gradual discharge: discharge current 75~50A, discharge time 1h;

[0068] Gradual charging: charging current 75~100A, charging time 6h;

[0069] S4. Let stand for 0.5h;

[0070] Gradual discharge: discharge current 75~50A, discharge time 1.5h;

[0071] Gradual charging: charging current 75~100A, charging time 12h;

[0072] S5. Let stand for 0.5h;

[0073] Gradual discharge: the discharge current gradually decreases from 75 to 50A, and the discharge time is 2h;

[0074] Gradual charging: charging current 75~100A, charging time 12h;

[0075] S6. Install the exhaust valve and float charge for 24 hours to test the relevant indicators of the lead-acid battery.

[0076] The formation process in this embodiment is used to form 120 GFM-500U high-rate lead-acid batteries in groups. The qualified rate of the first formation is 100%, the internal resistance consistency of the 120 lead-acid batteries is 6.2%, and the float charge pressure difference of the 120 lead-acid batteries after 24 hours of float charge is only 30mV; the conventional formation process is used to form 120 GFM-500U high-rate lead-acid batteries in groups. The qualified rate of the first formation is 99.16%, the internal resistance consistency of the 120 lead-acid batteries is 29.4%, and the float charge pressure difference of the 120 lead-acid batteries after 24 hours of float charge is 90mV. For specific test comparison data, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 And the following table:

[0077]

[0078] Example 2

[0079] The formation steps of the present embodiment are as follows:

[0080] S1. Stand for 1h, current 0A;

[0081] Constant current charging: charging current 40A, charging time 4h;

[0082] Gradual charging: charging current 120~160A, charging time 12h;

[0083] S2. Let stand for 0.5h;

[0084] Gradual discharge: discharge current 120~80A, discharge time 0.5h;

[0085] Gradual charging: charging current 120~160A, charging time 3h;

[0086] S3. Let stand for 0.5h;

[0087] Gradual discharge: discharge current 120~80A, discharge time 1h;

[0088] Gradual charging: charging current 120~160A, charging time 6h;

[0089] S4. Let stand for 0.5h;

[0090] Gradual discharge: discharge current 120~80A, discharge time 1.5h;

[0091] Gradual charging: charging current 120~160A, charging time 12h;

[0092] S5. Let stand for 0.5h;

[0093] Gradual discharge: discharge current 120~80A, discharge time 2h;

[0094] Gradual charging: charging current 120~160A, charging time 12h;

[0095] S6. Install the exhaust valve and float charge for 24 hours to test the relevant indicators of the lead-acid battery.

[0096] The formation process in this embodiment is used to form 120 GFM-500U high-rate lead-acid batteries in groups. The qualified rate of the first formation is 100%, the internal resistance consistency of the 120 lead-acid batteries is 6.9%, and the float charge pressure difference of the 120 lead-acid batteries after 24 hours of floating charge is only 42mV; the conventional formation process is used to form 120 GFM-500U high-rate lead-acid batteries in groups. The qualified rate of the first formation is 98.3%, the internal resistance consistency of the 120 lead-acid batteries is 15.3%, and the float charge pressure difference of the 120 lead-acid batteries after 24 hours of floating charge is 96mV. For specific test comparison data, see Figure 3 , Figure 4 And the following table:

[0097]

[0098]

[0099] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and their purpose is to enable people familiar with this technology to understand the content of the present invention and implement it. They cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A 2V high-rate lead-acid battery formation method, wherein a lead-acid battery with a quantitative acid injection is placed in a constant temperature water bath controlled at 30-40°C, characterized in that: Then proceed with the following steps: S1. Stand for 1h, current 0A; Constant current charging: charging current 0.05CA, charging time 4h; Gradual charging: the charging current increases gradually from 0.15CA to 0.20CA, and the charging time is 12h; S2. Let stand for 0.5h; Gradual discharge: the discharge current gradually decreases from 0.15CA to 0.10CA, and the discharge time is 0.5h; Gradual charging: the charging current increases gradually from 0.15CA to 0.20CA, and the charging time is 3h; S3. Let stand for 0.5h; Gradual discharge: the discharge current gradually decreases from 0.15CA to 0.10CA, and the discharge time is 1h; Gradual charging: the charging current increases gradually from 0.15CA to 0.20CA, and the charging time is 6h; S4. Let stand for 0.5h; Gradual discharge: the discharge current gradually decreases from 0.15CA to 0.10CA, and the discharge time is 1.5h; Gradual charging: the charging current increases gradually from 0.15CA to 0.20CA, and the charging time is 12h; S5. Let stand for 0.5h; Gradual discharge: the discharge current gradually decreases from 0.15CA to 0.10CA, and the discharge time is 2h; Gradual charging: the charging current increases gradually from 0.15CA to 0.20CA, and the charging time is 12h; S6. Install the exhaust valve and conduct relevant indicator tests on the lead-acid battery.

2. The 2V high rate lead-acid battery formation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gradual charging in step S1 is increased by 0.01CA every 0.5h.

3. The 2V high rate lead-acid battery formation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the gradual discharge is reduced by 0.01CA every 0.1h; the gradual charge is increased by 0.01CA every 0.5h.

4. The 2V high rate lead-acid battery formation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the gradual discharge is reduced by 0.01CA every 0.2h; and the gradual charge is increased by 0.01CA every 1h.

5. The 2V high rate lead-acid battery formation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the gradual discharge is reduced by 0.01CA every 0.3h; and the gradual charge is increased by 0.01CA every 2h.

6. The 2V high rate lead-acid battery formation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the gradual discharge is reduced by 0.01CA every 0.4h; and the gradual charge is increased by 0.01CA every 2h.

7. The 2V high rate lead-acid battery formation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water bath height in the water bath tank exceeds the height of the electrode plates.

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