Region coverage enhancement method, device and equipment for base station direct connection intelligent metasurface

Abstract

The invention provides a region coverage enhancement method, device and equipment for a base station direct connection intelligent metasurface. The area coverage enhancement method is executed based on a three-base-station beam collaborative coverage model, each base station in the three-base-station beam collaborative coverage model carries an antenna and a base station direct connection type intelligent reflecting surface, and the method comprises the following steps: adopting a Monte Carlo method based on the three-base-station beam collaborative coverage model; obtaining an in-column coverage rate and an in-column overlapping rate of the to-be-served three-dimensional unit; the vertical wave width of the antenna is calculated through the in-column coverage rate, and the initial vertical wave width of the antenna is obtained; obtaining an antenna parameter value based on the in-column overlapping ratio, the initial antenna vertical wave width and a particle swarm optimization algorithm; calculating a phase change gradient value of the direct-connected intelligent reflecting surface of the base station by using the antenna parameter value; and the phase change gradient value is adopted to control and adjust the base station direct connection type intelligent reflecting surface to obtain an adjusted intelligent reflecting surface, and the area coverage of the three-dimensional unit is completed through the adjusted intelligent reflecting surface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a method, device and equipment for enhancing regional coverage of a base station directly connected to an intelligent metasurface. Background Art

[0002] With the popularization of 5G technology, the space-time resources in the low-altitude area are gradually being explored by people. The application of drones and their derived aircraft equipment has attracted widespread attention, and the signal coverage demand of low-altitude users is becoming increasingly strong. In traditional mobile communication networks, signal coverage focuses on providing signal services to ground users. The inclination angle of base station beams is generally downward, and the existing scenario-based beams are mostly designed for ground scenarios. This has led to the inability to meet the network coverage requirements in the low-altitude area by relying on existing traditional cellular networks. The emergence of large-scale MIMO technology has enabled antenna beams to have 3D shaping capabilities, enabling them to expand in the vertical dimension based on the original two-dimensional planar beams, making the antenna signal pointing more accurate and flexible. This also provides the possibility for traditional cellular signals to extend from ground coverage to the air. However, in the process of extending the coverage of three-dimensional space, the traditional planar cellular coverage structure has limitations in adjusting antenna parameters such as antenna inclination angle and signal wave width, and the current scenario-based beams are designed for signal coverage of ground users, lacking vertical beam design, which seriously affects the three-dimensional space coverage rate. Therefore, further research and exploration of methods for signal coverage in three-dimensional space has become the primary task for achieving signal coverage in the process of extending wireless networks into three-dimensional space.

[0003] In the existing technology, most of the ground base stations use scenario-based beams to provide low-altitude signal coverage for the three-dimensional coverage extension problem. However, scenario-based beams are rarely configured and are not flexible. Moreover, most of them have small beam width and downward tilt of antenna when configured in the vertical direction, which cannot provide good signal services for low-altitude areas. In addition, due to the characteristics of the existing base station antenna structure, the adjustment of antenna parameters is difficult and has poor accuracy. The base station needs to be powered off and professionals need to go up to the tower to perform multiple manual adjustments and tests, which leads to the interruption of signal services in the area, causing great inconvenience to users and affecting their normal communication and business use.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a method that has a wide range of application scenarios, is easy to deploy, and can flexibly configure antenna parameters to provide efficient services for the growing demand for signal coverage in the low-altitude area. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method, device and equipment for enhancing the regional coverage of a base station directly connected to an intelligent metasurface.

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for enhancing regional coverage of a base station directly connected intelligent metasurface, the regional coverage enhancement method is performed based on a three-base station beam collaborative coverage model, each base station in the three-base station beam collaborative coverage model is equipped with an antenna and a base station directly connected intelligent reflective surface, and the regional coverage enhancement method includes:

[0008] Based on the three-base station beam cooperative coverage model, the Monte Carlo method is used to obtain the intra-column coverage rate and intra-column overlap rate of the three-dimensional unit to be served;

[0009] The vertical beam width of the antenna is calculated by the coverage rate within the column to obtain the initial vertical beam width of the antenna;

[0010] Based on the overlap rate within the column and the initial vertical beamwidth of the antenna, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize and adjust the given values ​​of the antenna parameters to obtain the antenna parameter values;

[0011] The phase change gradient value of the base station direct-connected intelligent reflector is calculated using the antenna parameter value;

[0012] The base station direct-connected intelligent reflective surface is controlled and adjusted by using a phase change gradient value to obtain an adjusted intelligent reflective surface, and the area coverage of the stereo unit is completed by the adjusted intelligent reflective surface.

[0013] Optionally, three base stations are set in the three-base station beam cooperative coverage model, and the three base stations include: a first base station, a second base station and a third base station;

[0014] Each three-base station beam cooperative coverage model serves a stereo unit;

[0015] The signal radiation shape of the antenna is a quadrangular pyramid; the antenna is a directional antenna;

[0016] A base station directly connected intelligent reflective surface is provided at a preset position away from the antenna;

[0017] In the three-base station beam cooperative coverage model, the phase change gradient of the base station direct-connected intelligent reflection surface for the typical signal reflection array element of each base station is expressed as:

[0018]

[0019]

[0020] Among them, D v Indicates the longitudinal phase change gradient value, D h represents the lateral phase change gradient value, n represents the material refractive index of the base station direct-connected intelligent reflector, α represents the angle between the typical longitudinal signal and the base station direct-connected intelligent reflector, θ represents the downtilt angle of the antenna, β represents the angle between the typical lateral signal and the base station direct-connected intelligent reflector, represents the incident angle of a typical lateral signal, and λ represents the wavelength of the signal transmitted by the antenna; wherein, the typical longitudinal signal is the edge of the tetrahedron at the side viewing angle, and the typical lateral signal is the edge of the tetrahedron at the main viewing angle.

[0021] Alternatively, the coverage within a column is expressed as:

[0022]

[0023] Among them, Q 1 represents the coverage rate value within the column, Num1 represents the number of sampling points falling within the coverage area of ​​the first base station N1 beam, Num2 represents the number of sampling points that do not fall within the coverage area of ​​the first base station N1 beam but fall within the coverage area of ​​the second base station N2, Num3 represents the number of sampling points that only fall within the coverage area of ​​the third base station N3, and P represents the antenna transmission power;

[0024] The overlap ratio within a column is expressed as:

[0025]

[0026] Q 2 It represents the overlap rate value within the column, and Num4 represents the number of sampling points covered by two or more base station beams at the same time.

[0027] Optionally, the vertical beam width of the antenna is calculated by the coverage rate within the column to obtain the initial vertical beam width of the antenna, including:

[0028] Fix the given values ​​of the vertical beamwidths of the antennas of any two of the three base stations, adjust the given values ​​of the vertical beamwidths of the antennas of the remaining base stations except the any two of the three base stations, so that the coverage rate in the column reaches the local optimal value, and obtain the first vertical beamwidths of the antennas corresponding to the remaining base stations;

[0029] Based on the vertical beam width of the first antenna, the given values ​​of the vertical beam widths of the antennas of any two base stations are adjusted so that the coverage rate in the column reaches a local optimal value, and the vertical beam widths of the second antenna and the third antenna corresponding to any two base stations are obtained;

[0030] The first antenna vertical beam width, the second antenna vertical beam width and the third antenna vertical beam width are used as the initial antenna vertical beam width.

[0031] Optionally, the antenna parameter values ​​include: antenna horizontal beamwidth, antenna vertical beamwidth and antenna tilt angle.

[0032] Optionally, based on the intra-column overlap rate and the initial antenna vertical beamwidth, a particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize and adjust the given antenna parameter values ​​to obtain antenna parameter values, including:

[0033] Map the initial antenna vertical beamwidth and antenna tilt angle given values ​​to the upper and lower limits of the antenna signal coverage to obtain the mapping result;

[0034] Based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm and the mapping results, the given value of the antenna parameter corresponding to the minimum overlap rate within the column is taken as the antenna parameter value.

[0035] Optionally, the phase change gradient includes: a longitudinal phase change gradient and a transverse phase change gradient.

[0036] Optionally, calculating the phase change gradient value of the base station direct-connected intelligent reflection surface by using the antenna parameter value includes:

[0037] The longitudinal angle is calculated based on the vertical beam width and the antenna tilt angle using the following formula; the longitudinal angle is the angle between the typical longitudinal signal and the base station direct-connected intelligent reflector:

[0038] c 2' =α1-α2;

[0039]

[0040] α1 represents the first longitudinal angle, α2 represents the second longitudinal angle, c 2' Indicates the vertical beamwidth of the antenna, c 3' represents the antenna tilt angle;

[0041] Based on the calculation formula of the longitudinal phase change gradient and the longitudinal angle, the longitudinal phase change gradient value is calculated;

[0042] Based on the antenna horizontal beam width, the following formula is used to calculate the lateral angle, which is the angle between the typical lateral signal and the base station direct-connected intelligent reflector:

[0043] c 1' =π-β1-β2;

[0044] β1=β2;

[0045] c 1' represents the horizontal beamwidth of the antenna, β1 represents the first lateral angle, and β2 represents the second lateral angle;

[0046] Based on the calculation formula of the lateral phase change gradient and the lateral angle, the lateral phase change gradient value is calculated.

[0047] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a regional coverage enhancement device for a base station directly connected to an intelligent super surface, the regional coverage enhancement device for a base station directly connected to an intelligent super surface comprises: an acquisition unit, a calculation unit, an optimization adjustment unit, and a control adjustment unit;

[0048] The acquisition unit is used to: acquire the intra-column coverage rate and intra-column overlap rate of the stereo unit to be served by using the Monte Carlo method based on the three-base station beam cooperative coverage model;

[0049] The calculation unit is used to: calculate the vertical beam width of the antenna through the coverage rate in the column to obtain the initial vertical beam width of the antenna;

[0050] The optimization and adjustment unit is used to: optimize and adjust the antenna parameters based on the overlap rate within the column and the initial antenna vertical beam width using a particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain antenna parameter values;

[0051] The calculation unit is also used to: calculate the phase change gradient value of the base station direct-connected intelligent reflection surface using the antenna parameter value;

[0052] The control and adjustment unit is used to: use the phase change gradient value to control and adjust the base station direct-connected intelligent reflection surface to complete regional coverage.

[0053] In a third aspect, the present invention provides an area coverage enhancement device for a base station directly connected to an intelligent metasurface, comprising: a processor, a storage medium and a bus, wherein the storage medium stores machine-readable instructions executable by the processor. When the area coverage enhancement device for a base station directly connected to an intelligent metasurface is running, the processor and the storage medium communicate through the bus, and the processor executes the machine-readable instructions to perform the steps of the area coverage enhancement method for a base station directly connected to an intelligent metasurface as described in the first aspect above.

[0054] The present invention provides a method, device and equipment for enhancing regional coverage of a base station directly connected intelligent metasurface. The regional coverage enhancement method is performed based on a three-base station beam cooperative coverage model, in which each base station is equipped with an antenna and a base station directly connected intelligent reflective surface, and the regional coverage enhancement method includes: using the Monte Carlo method based on the three-base station beam cooperative coverage model to obtain the column coverage rate and column overlap rate of the three-dimensional unit to be served; calculating the vertical beam width of the antenna by the column coverage rate to obtain the initial vertical beam width of the antenna; optimizing and adjusting the given value of the antenna parameter by a particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the column overlap rate and the initial vertical beam width of the antenna to obtain the antenna parameter value; calculating the phase change gradient value of the base station directly connected intelligent reflective surface by using the antenna parameter value; controlling and adjusting the base station directly connected intelligent reflective surface by using the phase change gradient value to obtain the adjusted intelligent reflective surface, and completing the regional coverage of the three-dimensional unit by the adjusted intelligent reflective surface. In the present invention, in view of the problem that in the process of extending the coverage of the stereo unit, the adjustment range of the vertical beam width of the antenna is small and the adjustment of the antenna tilt angle is limited due to the limitation of the physical structure of the antenna in the existing scenario-based beam, resulting in gaps in the signal coverage of the stereo unit, a base station direct-connected intelligent reflection surface deployment method is adopted to provide signal coverage for the stereo unit. By constructing a three-base station beam collaborative coverage model, the phase change gradient of the reflection array element on the base station direct-connected intelligent reflection surface in the three-base station beam collaborative coverage model is utilized, and the electromagnetic properties of the material can be changed by software-based voltage control to achieve adjustment. The antenna parameter value is calculated based on the three-base station beam collaborative coverage model, thereby obtaining the phase change gradient value corresponding to the base station direct-connected intelligent reflection surface, and finally the base station direct-connected intelligent reflection surface is used to complete the regional coverage of the stereo unit, which not only solves the problem of limited adjustment range of the existing scenario-based beam, but also realizes the real-time adjustment of the corresponding beam of the base station, thereby enhancing the timeliness and accuracy of the regional coverage of the stereo unit. In addition, since the adjustment of the base station direct-connected intelligent reflective surface is based on software control, there is no need to modify the configuration parameters of the existing base station for ground user coverage. Therefore, the base station can be used to control the deployment and folding of the base station direct-connected intelligent reflective surface, so as to achieve free and rapid switching of the two coverage modes of ground coverage and stereoscopic unit coverage, making the network planning of the coverage area more convenient and flexible. At the same time, since the method of the present invention does not require personnel to restart the base station and debug parameters multiple times, the regional service interruption caused by the power failure and parameter adjustment of the ground base station is avoided, and the flexibility and efficiency of signal coverage in the low-altitude area are improved.

[0055] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a method for enhancing regional coverage of a base station directly connected to an intelligent metasurface provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the structure of a base station direct-connected intelligent reflective surface is exemplarily shown;

[0058] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a single base station signal beam coverage model is shown exemplarily;

[0059] Figure 4 A side view of a reflected beam of a directly connected smart metasurface is exemplarily shown;

[0060] Figure 5 A front view of a reflected beam of a directly connected smart metasurface is exemplarily shown;

[0061] Figure 6 The schematic diagram of the structure of the three-base station beam cooperative coverage model is exemplarily shown;

[0062] Figure 7 The comparison result of coverage between scenario-based beam and the solution of the present invention without power limitation is shown as an example;

[0063] Figure 8 The following is an exemplary diagram showing the coverage comparison when three base stations cooperate to provide low-altitude area coverage in a triangular prism three-dimensional coverage configuration;

[0064] Fig. 9 The diagram exemplarily shows the change of signal overlap rate with the increase of base station beams when three base stations are cooperating to cover each other;

[0065] Fig.10 The diagram exemplarily shows the coverage change after the solution of the present invention flexibly adjusts the beam width of each base station;

[0066] Fig.11 The coverage comparison result diagram of the solution of the present invention and the scenario-based beam under the same power limitation is shown exemplarily;

[0067] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of the structure of a regional coverage enhancement device for a base station directly connected to an intelligent metasurface provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0068] Fig.13 A schematic diagram of the structure of a regional coverage enhancement device for a base station directly connected to an intelligent metasurface provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0070] In order to improve the flexibility and efficiency of signal coverage in the low-altitude area, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for enhancing regional coverage of a base station directly connected to an intelligent metasurface. The regional coverage enhancement method is performed based on a three-base station beam collaborative coverage model, in which each base station is equipped with an antenna and a base station directly connected intelligent reflective surface. Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for enhancing regional coverage of a base station directly connected to an intelligent metasurface provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, including:

[0071] S101. Based on the three-base station beam coordinated coverage model, a Monte Carlo method is used to obtain the intra-column coverage rate and intra-column overlap rate of the three-dimensional unit to be served.

[0072] Optionally, three base stations are set in the three-base station beam cooperative coverage model, and the three base stations include: a first base station, a second base station and a third base station;

[0073] Each three-base station beam cooperative coverage model serves a stereo unit;

[0074] The signal radiation shape of the antenna is a quadrangular pyramid; the antenna is a directional antenna;

[0075] A base station directly connected intelligent reflective surface is provided at a preset position away from the antenna;

[0076] In the three-base station beam cooperative coverage model, the phase change gradient of the base station direct-connected intelligent reflection surface for the typical signal reflection array element of each base station is expressed as:

[0077]

[0078] Among them, D v Indicates the longitudinal phase change gradient value, D h represents the lateral phase change gradient value, n represents the material refractive index of the base station direct-connected intelligent reflector, α represents the angle between the typical longitudinal signal and the base station direct-connected intelligent reflector, θ represents the downtilt angle of the antenna, β represents the angle between the typical lateral signal and the base station direct-connected intelligent reflector, represents the incident angle of a typical lateral signal, and λ represents the wavelength of the signal transmitted by the antenna; wherein, the typical longitudinal signal is the edge of the tetrahedron at the side viewing angle, and the typical lateral signal is the edge of the tetrahedron at the main viewing angle.

[0079] Alternatively, the coverage within a column is expressed as:

[0080]

[0081] Among them, Q 1represents the coverage rate value within the column, Num1 represents the number of sampling points falling within the coverage area of ​​the first base station N1 beam, Num2 represents the number of sampling points that do not fall within the coverage area of ​​the first base station N1 beam but fall within the coverage area of ​​the second base station N2, Num3 represents the number of sampling points that only fall within the coverage area of ​​the third base station N3, and P represents the antenna transmission power;

[0082] The overlap ratio within a column is expressed as:

[0083]

[0084] Q 2 It represents the overlap rate value within the column, and Num4 represents the number of sampling points covered by two or more base station beams at the same time.

[0085] In the embodiment of the present invention, the base station direct-connected intelligent reflective surface is also called an intelligent metasurface and a metasurface. The intelligent metasurface is a two-dimensional artificial surface of an electromagnetic material, which is composed of a large number of passive scattering elements (reflection units) with a special physical structure design. The intelligent reflective surface technology controls each scattering element in a software-defined manner, integrates a large number of passive scattering elements on a plane, changes the phase change gradient of the incident signal on the scattering element, and coordinates the reflection of the signal by the intelligent reflective surface. The width of the signal beam can be flexibly changed to simulate the effect of adjusting the base station tilt angle.

[0086] Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the structure of the base station direct-connected intelligent reflective surface is shown as an example. Figure 2 As shown in Figure 1, the smart metasurface is deployed on the antenna (base station antenna). The distance between the geometric center of the smart metasurface and the antenna is d. The two are close to each other and can ensure that the base station or antenna signal can fall completely on the smart metasurface. Figure 2 As shown. θ is the antenna downtilt angle, and the distance d is relative to the base station antenna height h t After the antenna signal is transmitted to the smart metasurface, it is reflected by the reflective array element on the smart metasurface at an angle α. The calculation formula of the angle α is given by the following formula:

[0087]

[0088] The calculation of the reflection angle α conforms to the generalized reflection theorem, where λ is the wavelength of the signal transmitted by the antenna, n is the material refractive index of the smart metasurface, and D represents the phase change gradient of the smart metasurface.

[0089] In terms of beam signal coverage, the actual three-base station beam cooperative coverage model is simplified to facilitate analysis and calculation. When studying signal coverage, the conical antenna radiation shape is simplified to a tetrahedron, and the signal coverage volume with the transmitting base station as the vertex is the tetrahedron volume. Figure 3A schematic diagram of a single base station signal beam coverage model is shown exemplarily.

[0090] like Figure 3 As shown, O is the antenna signal transmission point, the angle between plane OAB and plane OCD is the vertical beamwidth of the antenna, the angle between plane OAD and plane OBC is the horizontal beamwidth of the antenna, and the angle between plane OCD and the horizontal plane minus half of the vertical beamwidth is the antenna tilt angle. At the same time, in the triangular column three-dimensional coverage configuration, the azimuth angles of other base station antennas and the horizontal beamwidth of the beam are also determined according to the above model. Figure 3 The points ABCD correspond to the four vertices of the tetrahedron.

[0091] according to Figure 3 Correspondingly, the side view and the front view of the reflected beam of the base station deploying the direct-connected smart metasurface are obtained, wherein the side view and the front view exemplarily define two typical longitudinal and lateral signals, respectively. Specifically. Figure 4 exemplarily showing a side view of a reflected beam of a directly connected smart metasurface, Figure 5 A front view of the reflected beam of a directly connected smart metasurface is shown as an example.

[0092] like Figure 4 As shown, α1 corresponds to the angle between the first typical longitudinal signal and the base station direct-connected intelligent reflector surface, and α2 corresponds to the angle between the second typical longitudinal signal and the base station direct-connected intelligent reflector surface. θ1 represents the downtilt angle of the antenna corresponding to α1, and θ2 represents the downtilt angle of the antenna corresponding to α2. Figure 5 As shown, β1 represents the angle between the first typical lateral signal and the base station direct-connected intelligent reflecting surface, β2 represents the angle between the second typical lateral signal and the base station direct-connected intelligent reflecting surface, represents the incident angle of the first typical transverse signal corresponding to β1, represents the incident angle of the second typical lateral signal corresponding to β2.

[0093] From above Figure 4 and 5 It can be seen that since the distance d between the smart metasurface and the base station antenna is smaller than the base station height h t can be ignored, and the reflected beam after reflection by the smart metasurface can be assumed to be a simulated beam directly emitted upward by antenna O. According to the inclination angles of the typical beams OA and OD in the side view, the simulated antenna vertical beam width ver of the simulated beam can be calculated, and then Figure 4 The inclination angles of the typical beam OD and OC of the main view can be used to calculate the simulated antenna horizontal beam width hor, which is given by the following formula:

[0094] ver = α1-α2;

[0095] hor = π-β1-β2;

[0096] From this, the simulated antenna tilt angle dip can also be calculated:

[0097]

[0098] According to the above calculation, the signal beam modeling is completed, and it can be found that the value range of α is The adjustment range of the vertical beam width ver and antenna tilt angle dip of the traditional scenario-based antenna beam, which are very limited, is greatly improved.

[0099] It should be further explained that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the simulated antenna vertical beam width ver is directly used as the antenna vertical beam width c in the subsequent steps. 2 The simulated antenna horizontal beamwidth hor is directly used as the antenna horizontal beamwidth c in the subsequent 1 The simulated antenna tilt angle dip is directly used as the antenna tilt angle c in the subsequent 3 .

[0100] In the embodiment of the present invention, the three-dimensional unit can be regarded as a triangular prism three-dimensional coverage unit, in which the beams of the three base stations cover areas of different heights respectively, wherein the first base station may be responsible for covering the bottom layer area, the second base station may be responsible for covering the middle layer area, and the third base station may be responsible for covering the top layer area. The three base stations adjust the three tetrahedrons so that the three base stations cover a certain range of areas in the same triangular prism area respectively, thereby achieving the effect of coordinated coverage, and then converting the signal coverage problem of a single unit cell into a geometric problem of three tetrahedrons filling a triangular prism. Figure 6 The schematic diagram of the structure of the three-base station beam coordinated coverage model is shown as an example. Figure 6 As shown, different colors correspond to reflection beams of different base station directly connected intelligent reflection surfaces.

[0101] S102: Calculate the vertical beam width of the antenna by the coverage rate within the column to obtain an initial vertical beam width of the antenna.

[0102] Optionally, S102 may specifically include:

[0103] Fix the given values ​​of the vertical beamwidths of the antennas of any two of the three base stations, adjust the given values ​​of the vertical beamwidths of the antennas of the remaining base stations except the any two of the three base stations, so that the coverage rate in the column reaches the local optimal value, and obtain the first vertical beamwidths of the antennas corresponding to the remaining base stations;

[0104] Based on the vertical beam width of the first antenna, the given values ​​of the vertical beam widths of the antennas of any two base stations are adjusted so that the coverage rate in the column reaches a local optimal value, and the vertical beam widths of the second antenna and the third antenna corresponding to any two base stations are obtained;

[0105] The first antenna vertical beam width, the second antenna vertical beam width and the third antenna vertical beam width are used as the initial antenna vertical beam width.

[0106] In the embodiment of the present invention, the calculation process of the initial antenna vertical beam width is described in detail as follows:

[0107] Step 1: Establish a typical triangular column low-altitude coverage configuration and configure three collaborative coverage base stations.

[0108] 1.1) In the embodiment of the present invention, it is assumed that each base station N q Height is h t , where q∈{1, 2, 3}, and is equipped with a directional antenna A.

[0109] 1.2) Configure the antenna parameter set for A with a given value C = {c 1 ,c 2 ,c 3}, where c 1 Indicates the given value of the antenna horizontal beam width, c 2 Indicates the given value of the vertical beamwidth of the antenna, c 3 In order to distinguish the antenna parameter sets of the three base stations, c 1 q represents the given value of the antenna horizontal beamwidth of the qth base station, c 2 q represents the given value of the vertical beamwidth of the antenna of the qth base station, c 3 q represents the given value of the antenna tilt angle of the qth base station.

[0110] Step 2: deploy the base station direct-connected intelligent reflective surface device of the present invention on each base station.

[0111] 2.1) The distance between the geometric center of the intelligent reflector and the top antenna of the base station is d, which is small enough to ensure that it is within the range of the mechanical tilt angle of the antenna [θ min ,θ max ], the antenna signal can still fall on the smart reflective surface;

[0112] 2.2) The length and width of the smart reflective surface and the horizontal distance from the base station can be ignored;

[0113] Step 3: Simulate and optimize the air coverage beam configuration.

[0114] 3.1) In Figure 6 In the three-base station beam cooperative coverage model shown, the three base stations perform cooperative coverage.

[0115] 3.2) Under the condition that the reference signal received power RSRP at each point occupied by the tetrahedron is greater than or equal to the threshold value, the ratio of the coverage volume to the triangular prism volume is defined as the signal coverage rate, and the ratio of the overlap volume to the triangular prism volume is defined as the signal overlap rate. By adjusting the given values ​​of the three base station antenna parameters C = {c 1 ,c 2 ,c 3}, achieving the goal of minimizing overlap while ensuring that coverage meets the minimum standard.

[0116] 3.3) The signal coverage and overlap are calculated using the Monte Carlo method:

[0117] 3.3.1) Define the horizontal plane position of the base station N∈{N1,N2,N3} as the vertex, set the equilateral triangle with side length A as the base, and the triangular prism with height H as the three-dimensional unit K;

[0118] 3.3.2) Sprinkle P number of sampling points in the stereo unit K, where P ≥ 30000;

[0119] 3.3.3) In the stereo unit K, the three-dimensional coordinates of the first base station N1 are (x1, y1, z1), the three-dimensional coordinates of the second base station N2 are (x2, y2, z2), and the coordinates of the third base station N3 are (x3, y3, z3);

[0120] 3.3.4) Let the foot of the perpendicular from the first base station N1 to the second base station N2 and the third base station N3 be the first perpendicular foot, and connect the first perpendicular foot with the first base station N1 to obtain a first line segment seg1, and construct a plane p1 that passes through the first line segment seg1 and is perpendicular to the ground;

[0121] 3.3.5) Find the tth sampling point P on plane p1 t The projection point b t , connect b t The angle θ between the first line segment seg1 and the second line segment seg2 is calculated by adding N1:

[0122]

[0123] 3.3.6) Determine each sampling point P according to the size of θ t Whether it is located within the coverage area of ​​the first base station N1:

[0124] like Then the sampling point P t Located within the beam coverage of the first base station N1, and the sampling point P t Counted into the first base station sampling point set Y1;

[0125] Otherwise, the sampling point Pt Located outside the beam coverage of the first base station N1, the sampling point P t Counted into the first base station sampling point set Y1;

[0126] 3.3.7) According to step 3.3.4) to step 3.3.6), respectively calculate a second base station sampling point set Y2 located at the second base station N2 and a third base station sampling point set Y3 located at the third base station N3;

[0127] 3.3.8) For the first base station N1, calculate the jth sampling point P in the sub-area j ∈Y1 received signal strength RSRP:

[0128] RSRP = P + Gain - Loss;

[0129] Among them, the antenna transmission power is P; is the antenna gain, are respectively the given value of the horizontal beamwidth of the antenna of the qth base station and the given value of the vertical beamwidth of the antenna of the qth base station.

[0130] Loss=88.11+40lg(d)+20lg(f)-20lg(h t h r )-G;

[0131] Where Loss is the path loss, f is the carrier signal frequency, h t is the base station height, h r is the height of the sampling point, G is the terrain correction factor;

[0132] 3.3.9) Set the received signal power strength threshold RSRP TH , determine the coverage of the base station beam to all sampling points in the sub-area:

[0133] If the sampling point P t The received signal strength RSRP ≥ RSRP TH , it is considered that the first base station N1 has completed the sampling point P j signal coverage, execute step 3.3.10);

[0134] Otherwise, it is considered that the first base station has j The signal coverage failed;

[0135] 3.3.10) Calculate the RSRP values ​​of all sampling points Y1 within the coverage of the first base station N1, and remove the sampling points that fail to be covered by the first base station N1 from Y1;

[0136] 3.3.11) Repeat 3.3.8) to 3.3.10) to calculate the sampling points covered by the second base station N2 and the third base station N3, and remove the sampling points that failed to be covered from Y2 and Y3;

[0137] 3.3.12) Count the number of sampling points Num1 that fall within the coverage area of ​​the beam of the first base station N1 among the sampling points Y = {Y1, Y2, Y3}; the number of sampling points Num2 that do not fall within the coverage area of ​​the beam of the first base station N1 but fall within the coverage area of ​​the second base station N2; the number of sampling points that do not fall within the beam of the first base station N1 and the beam of the second base station N2 but only fall within the coverage area of ​​the third base station N3 is Num3, and calculate the column coverage rate Q of the three-dimensional unit K based on this. 1 :

[0138]

[0139] 3.3.13) Count the number of sampling points Num4 covered by two or more beams at the same time, and calculate the intra-column overlap rate Q of the stereo unit K based on this. 2 :

[0140]

[0141] 3.4) The given value c of the antenna vertical beamwidth in the antenna parameters of fixed base stations N1 and N3 2 1 and c 2 3. Adjust the given value c of the vertical beam of the antenna of base station N2 2 2. Make the signal coverage volume reach the local optimum;

[0142] 3.5) The given value c of the vertical beamwidth of the antenna of the fixed base station N2 2 2. Adjust the given value c of the antenna vertical beamwidth in the antenna parameters of base stations N1 and N3 2 1 and c 2 3. Make the signal coverage volume reach the global optimum, and finally obtain the vertical beam width c of the first antenna 2' 1. The vertical wave width c of the second antenna 2' 2nd and 3rd antenna vertical beam width c 2' 3. Set the first antenna vertically to the beam width c 2' 1. The vertical wave width c of the second antenna 2' 2nd and 3rd antenna vertical beam width c 2' 3 is used as the initial antenna vertical beamwidth.

[0143] S103, based on the intra-column overlap rate and the initial antenna vertical beamwidth, a particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize and adjust the given antenna parameter values ​​to obtain antenna parameter values.

[0144] Optionally, the antenna parameter values ​​include: antenna horizontal beamwidth, antenna vertical beamwidth and antenna tilt angle.

[0145] Optionally, S103 may specifically include:

[0146] Map the initial antenna vertical beamwidth and antenna tilt angle given values ​​to the upper and lower limits of the antenna signal coverage to obtain the mapping result;

[0147] Based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm and the mapping results, the given value of the antenna parameter corresponding to the minimum overlap rate within the column is taken as the antenna parameter value.

[0148] S104: Calculate the phase change gradient value of the base station direct-connected intelligent reflection surface using the antenna parameter value.

[0149] Optionally, the phase change gradient includes: a longitudinal phase change gradient and a transverse phase change gradient.

[0150] In the embodiment of the present invention, a phase change gradient of a reflective array element on the surface of the smart reflective surface is defined.

[0151] 4.1. Phase change gradient D = {D v ,D h}, where D v is the longitudinal phase change gradient, D h is the lateral phase change gradient.

[0152] 4.2) Define the two typical longitudinal signals l emitted by the antenna v = {l 11 ,l 12}, two typical horizontal signals l h = {l 21 ,l 22}; l 11 Represents the first typical longitudinal signal, l 12 Represents the second typical longitudinal signal, l 21 Represents the second typical lateral signal, l 22 Represents the second typical lateral signal.

[0153] 4.3) Two typical longitudinal signals l v = {l 11 ,l 12} Take θ1 and θ2 as downtilt angles respectively, and after being transmitted by the base station, α1 and α2 are respectively reflected by the smart reflective surface, such as the side view of the base station Figure 3 As shown, α1 and α2 can be calculated by the following formula:

[0154] c 2’ =α1-α2;

[0155]

[0156] α1 represents the first longitudinal angle, α2 represents the second longitudinal angle, c 2' Indicates the vertical beamwidth of the antenna, c 3' represents the antenna tilt angle;

[0157] Based on the calculation formula of the longitudinal phase change gradient and the longitudinal angle, the longitudinal phase change gradient value is calculated;

[0158] The longitudinal phase change gradient is specifically expressed as:

[0159]

[0160] Where i represents the number of typical beams, i∈1,2, λ is the signal wavelength, is the longitudinal phase change gradient value corresponding to the i-th typical longitudinal beam on the smart reflection surface, θ i represents the downtilt angle of the antenna corresponding to the i-th typical longitudinal beam.

[0161] 4.4) Two typical horizontal signals l h = {l 21 ,l 22}, respectively and is the incident angle, and after being transmitted by the base station, it is reflected by the smart reflective surface with β1 and β2 as the reflection angles respectively. The calculation of β1 and β2 can be determined by the following formula:

[0162] c 1' =π-β1-β2;

[0163] β1=β2;

[0164] c 1' represents the horizontal beamwidth of the antenna, β1 represents the first lateral angle, and β2 represents the second lateral angle;

[0165] Based on the calculation formula of the lateral phase change gradient and the lateral angle, the lateral phase change gradient value is calculated.

[0166] The lateral phase change gradient value can be expressed as:

[0167]

[0168] It represents the longitudinal phase change gradient value corresponding to the i-th typical transverse beam falling on the smart reflection surface.

[0169] 4.5) The typical longitudinal signals and the typical transverse signals are combined in pairs to obtain four typical beams L = {l1, l2, l3, l4}, where the longitudinal and transverse inclination angles of the signal l1 are θ1 and The longitudinal and lateral inclination angles of the signal l2 are θ1 and The longitudinal and lateral inclination angles of the signal l3 are θ2 and The longitudinal and lateral inclination angles of the signal l4 are θ2 and

[0170] 4.6) Based on the four typical beams L = {l1, l2, l3, l4} as the signal beam boundary, the geometric shape of the antenna beam can be simplified to a four-sided pyramid with the base station antenna as the vertex and the four typical beams as the edges;

[0171] 4.7) Since the distance d between the center point of the intelligent reflector set and the top antenna of the base station is negligible, it can be assumed that the distance between the intelligent reflector set and the top antenna of the base station is q Signal beam reflected by the smart reflective surface The base station antenna transmits upward with the longitudinal tilt angles α1 and α2, and the lateral tilt angles β1 and β2. Figure 4 As shown;

[0172] 4.8) So far, we have obtained a single base station N q The phase change gradient D of the reflection array element of the typical signal emitted falling on the intelligent metasurface of the present invention is D = {D v ,D h}, by adjusting this value, the antenna parameter C optimized by simulation in step 3 can be achieved q ={c 1 q ,c 2 q ,c 3 q}, obtain the historical best coverage Q in the three-dimensional unit K after simulation optimization 1 and the historical lowest overlap rate Q 2 .

[0173] S105. Use the phase change gradient value to control and adjust the base station direct-connected intelligent reflection surface to obtain an adjusted intelligent reflection surface, and complete the regional coverage of the three-dimensional unit through the adjusted intelligent reflection surface.

[0174] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for enhancing the regional coverage of a base station directly connected intelligent metasurface. In view of the problem that the adjustment range of the vertical beam width of the antenna is small and the adjustment of the antenna tilt angle is limited during the extension of the coverage of the stereo unit due to the limitation of the physical structure of the antenna in the existing scenario-based beam, resulting in the problem that there are holes in the signal coverage of the stereo unit, a base station directly connected intelligent reflection surface deployment method is adopted to provide signal coverage for the stereo unit. By constructing a three-base station beam collaborative coverage model, the phase change gradient of the reflection array element on the base station directly connected intelligent reflection surface in the three-base station beam collaborative coverage model is utilized, and the electromagnetic properties of the material can be changed by software-based voltage control to achieve the adjustment principle. The antenna parameter value is calculated based on the three-base station beam collaborative coverage model, so as to obtain the phase change gradient value corresponding to the base station directly connected intelligent reflection surface, and finally the base station directly connected intelligent reflection surface is used to complete the regional coverage of the stereo unit, which not only solves the problem of limited adjustment range of the existing scenario-based beam, but also realizes the real-time adjustment of the corresponding beam of the base station, thereby enhancing the timeliness and accuracy of the regional coverage of the stereo unit. In addition, since the adjustment of the base station direct-connected intelligent reflective surface is based on software control, there is no need to modify the configuration parameters of the existing base station for ground user coverage. Therefore, the base station can be used to control the deployment and folding of the base station direct-connected intelligent reflective surface, so as to achieve free and rapid switching of the two coverage modes of ground coverage and stereoscopic unit coverage, making the network planning of the coverage area more convenient and flexible. At the same time, since the method of the present invention does not require personnel to restart the base station and debug parameters multiple times, the regional service interruption caused by the power failure and parameter adjustment of the ground base station is avoided, and the flexibility and efficiency of signal coverage in the low-altitude area are improved.

[0175] In order to verify the effectiveness of the method of the present invention, the effectiveness and superiority of the present invention are further described in detail in combination with simulation results and mathematical analysis. In order to correctly and reasonably compare the coverage effects of the present invention and the traditional scenario-based beamforming scheme, the following settings are first made:

[0176] 1. Both solutions are deployed in a typical triangular column stereo coverage configuration to provide signal coverage at low altitude, with the target stereo space height set at 500 meters and the base station height set at 10 meters.

[0177] 2. The total power output of the two solutions is the same and is evenly distributed to each base station device.

[0178] Experiment 1: Triangular prism three-dimensional coverage configuration single base station signal coverage experiment

[0179] In the triangular prism unit of the same volume, the single-station coverage of the present invention and the scenario-based beam without power limitation is compared. At present, there are 17 scenarios in total, including the scenario-based beam configuration plus the default mode, among which scenario 13 is the most suitable with a vertical beam width of 25°, a horizontal beam width of 65°, and an inclination of 6°, and performs the signal coverage beam configuration in a typical triangular prism stereo coverage configuration. Next, scenario 13 will also be selected for comparison with the present invention.

[0180] Among them, after optimization by simulation algorithm, the vertical beam width of the signal beam of the scheme of the present invention is 13.27°, the horizontal beam width is 60°, and the inclination angle is -6.36°. The phase change gradient of the calculated typical signal falling on the intelligent metasurface of the device of the present invention is calculated according to the method steps. The longitudinal phase change gradient D v are -0.0244 and -0.0199 respectively, and the lateral phase change gradient D h They are -0.0691 and 0.0691 respectively. Figure 7 The coverage comparison result of the scenario-based beam without power limitation and the solution of the present invention is shown as an example.

[0181] Depend on Figure 7 It can be known that the solution of the present invention has a coverage rate 35% higher than that of the most suitable scene 13 setting of the traditional scenario-based beam. The reason is that in the three-dimensional coverage configuration of the regular triangular prism, the coverage space of the scenario-based beam is extremely limited. Although a scenario configuration with a maximum vertical beam width of 25° has been selected, the antenna tilt angle is too small, resulting in difficulty in improving the coverage height in the vertical dimension. However, the solution of the present invention allows the antenna that was originally difficult to adjust to send signals in an obliquely upward direction through a simulated beam by changing the phase change gradient of the reflective array elements on the intelligent metasurface. Since the simulated antenna tilt angle is obliquely upward, although the vertical beam width of the signal is not large in the solution of the present invention, it can cover a three-dimensional space of 500 meters in vertical height, greatly improving the signal coverage rate.

[0182] Experiment 2: Triangular prism three-dimensional coverage configuration multi-base station coordinated coverage experiment without power limitation

[0183] In order to solve the problem of coverage holes above the base station when a single base station is providing signal coverage, two other base stations are used to provide coordinated coverage in the triangular prism three-dimensional coverage configuration.

[0184] Among them, the vertical beamwidths of the antennas of the three base stations in the scheme of the present invention are 13.27°, 7.41°, and 7.88° respectively, the horizontal beamwidths of the antennas are all 60°, and the antenna inclination angles are -6.36°, -16.71°, and -9.06° respectively. According to the calculation steps of the scheme of the present invention, the phase change gradient of the reflection array element at the typical signal of the three base stations is: D v1 =[-0.0244,-0.0199], D h1=[-0.0691,0.0691], D v2 =[-0.0193,-0.0139], D h2 =[-0.0691,0.0691], D v3 =[-0.0243,-0.0255], D h3 =[-0.0691,0.0691].

[0185] Figure 8 The following is an exemplary diagram showing the coverage comparison when three base stations cooperate to provide low-altitude coverage in a triangular prism three-dimensional coverage configuration. Figure 8 It can be seen that through the coordinated coverage of multiple base stations, the space above the base station has obtained good signal coverage, and the three-dimensional space coverage of the two schemes has been significantly improved with the increase of the base station beams participating in the coverage. Among them, the coverage of both schemes increased the most after the second beam was added to the coverage, and the improvement rate slowed down after the third base station participated. This is because after the second beam was added to the coverage, the proportion of the remaining uncovered area decreased, and most of the coverable areas already have signal coverage and will not be recorded as newly added coverage sampling points. It is worth noting that since the three-dimensional space height that can be covered by the scheme of the present invention is much higher than the scenario-based beam, the signal coverage area is originally larger than the scenario-based beam, resulting in the new base station collaboratively participating in the coverage. The coverage rate of the scheme of the present invention is much higher than the scenario-based beam. It can be seen that when the number of beams is 3, that is, when all base stations in the triangular prism three-dimensional coverage configuration participate in the coverage, the coverage rate of the scheme of the present invention exceeds the scenario-based beam by 46%, greatly improving the signal coverage capability of the three-dimensional space.

[0186] But at the same time, blindly increasing the horizontal and vertical beamwidths of the signal will lead to an increase in the signal overlap rate. That is, if most of the coverable area already has signal coverage, the addition of new beams will lead to serious signal overlap and bring great signal interference.

[0187] Fig. 9 The following diagram shows the variation of signal overlap rate with the increase of base station beams when three base stations are cooperating to cover each other. Fig. 9It can be seen that, whether it is the scenario-based beam solution or the solution of the present invention, the increasing trend of the signal overlap rate is the same under the triangular prism three-dimensional coverage configuration, and the overlap rate values ​​are not much different, with only a 5% difference when the number of beams is 3. The signal overlap rate can show the proportion of the space covered by other base station signals in the covered three-dimensional space. It is not difficult to find that the collaborative coverage method brought about to solve the problem of coverage holes also has the problem of signal interference caused by high signal overlap rate. The essence is that it is because the adjustment of the beam signal is not flexible and it is impossible to accurately fill the coverage holes, so a large wave width is chosen for wide coverage. The scenario-based beam is difficult to adjust due to its fixed configuration mode, and it cannot solve the above-mentioned signal interference problem. However, the solution of the present invention can flexibly adjust the signal wave width by controlling the reflective array elements on the intelligent metasurface to achieve precise coverage of small wave widths, greatly reducing the signal overlap rate without seriously attenuating the coverage rate.

[0188] Fig.10 The diagram exemplarily shows the coverage variation after the solution of the present invention flexibly adjusts the beam width of each base station. Fig.10 Under no power limitation, it can be seen from the coverage pattern of the single-machine station configured in Scenario 13 that after beam parameter optimization, the three-dimensional space can reduce the final signal coverage to 36% while maintaining a signal coverage of 90%. Compared with the 81% signal overlap rate when all three base stations use large beamwidth coverage, it has decreased by 45%, greatly alleviating the signal interference in the three-dimensional space. The reason is that the scheme of the present invention can flexibly adjust the inclination angle, beamwidth and other parameters of the signal beam of each base station by controlling the intelligent metasurface of the scheme of the present invention, and adopts a strategy of wide coverage with a large beamwidth beam and supplementary coverage with two small beamwidth beams. Fig. 9 It can be seen that the first large-width beam has completed the signal coverage of 70% of the three-dimensional space. The second and third small-width beams only need to accurately supplement the coverage of the remaining three-dimensional space and avoid a large number of covered areas to achieve the effect of high coverage and low overlap. At the same time, the method of flexible beam width adjustment through intelligent metasurface also provides optimization space and feasibility for further beam configuration.

[0189] Experiment 3: Experiment on multi-base station collaborative coverage in triangular prism three-dimensional coverage configuration under power limitation.

[0190] It is assumed that the scheme of the present invention and the scenario-based beamforming scheme are compared in coverage and signal overlap ratio under the condition of coordinated coverage of three base stations and when there is power limitation.

[0191] Among them, the beam configuration of the scheme of the present invention follows the results of the simulation optimization of Experiment 2. The vertical beam widths of the three base stations are 13.27°, 7.41°, and 7.88°, respectively, the horizontal beam widths are all 60°, and the inclination angles are -6.36°, -16.71°, and -9.06°, respectively.

[0192] Fig.11 The coverage comparison result diagram of the solution of the present invention and the scenario-based beam under the same power limit is shown exemplarily, and the total power limit of a single base station is 30dBm, 27dBm and 24dBm respectively. Fig.11 It can be found that under the same power limit level, both the single beam coverage and the full beam coverage are far superior to the scenario-based beam. It is worth noting that with the gradual decrease of the total power limit, both the scheme of the present invention and the scenario-based beam have different degrees of decline, among which the decline of the scheme of the present invention is larger. This is because the scheme of the present invention adopts the mode of large beam-wide coverage and small beam-supplementary coverage after being optimized by the simulation algorithm. Large-width beams require more power than smaller-width beams, so when the power decreases, the base station emitting small beams will not be greatly affected, and the base station emitting large beams is more sensitive to power changes because it undertakes more coverage tasks. In fact, after power optimization, the power of the base station emitting small-width beams can be allocated to the base station emitting large-width beams for wide coverage, thereby reducing the impact of power limitations, which reflects the flexible beam configuration characteristics of the scheme of the present invention.

[0193] Experimental data show that when the power of the large-width beam of this solution is 30dBm, it can complete the coverage of all sampling points within the beam range, and the two small-width beams only need 24dBm and 26dBm respectively to complete the coverage task, and achieve a 90% coverage rate in three-dimensional space. However, since the width of the scenario-based beam is difficult to adjust, in order to achieve the maximum coverage rate within the width range as much as possible during coverage, the transmission power is difficult to optimize and reduce like the solution of the present invention, so the energy consumption is greater.

[0194] Through the above experimental analysis and comparison, it can be concluded that, from the perspective of signal coverage, the performance of the scheme of the present invention in the two dimensions of signal coverage and signal overlap rate has greater advantages than the scenario-based beam in the low-altitude space below 500 meters. At the same time, as the coverage height increases further, the gap between the traditional scenario-based beam and the scheme of the present invention will further increase, which proves the superiority of the scheme of the present invention in providing signal coverage for the aerial area.

[0195] From the perspective of the universality of the solution, the flexible beam adjustment of the solution of the present invention has stronger adaptability to complex and changeable engineering conditions. Whether in terms of parameter adjustment of base station antennas or network planning of signal coverage, the solution of the present invention has huge advantages over traditional scenario-based beams, achieving real-time adjustment, precise coverage and cost savings. Moreover, after using the model of the present invention, existing ground base stations can flexibly switch between ground and low-altitude coverage enhancement modes. By folding and unfolding the intelligent metasurface, the ground base station can use the original beam configuration to provide services to ground users, and can also enhance regional coverage of low altitudes after the original beam is reflected by the device of the present invention, further proving the universality of the device and method of the present invention in actual engineering situations.

[0196] The method provided in the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to an electronic device. Specifically, the electronic device can be: a desktop computer, a portable computer, an intelligent mobile terminal, a server, etc., which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0197] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a regional coverage enhancement device for a base station directly connected to an intelligent metasurface. Fig.12 A schematic diagram of the structure of a base station directly connected to an intelligent metasurface area coverage enhancement device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Fig.12 As shown, it includes: an acquisition unit 201, a calculation unit 202, an optimization adjustment unit 203 and a control adjustment unit 204;

[0198] The acquisition unit 201 is used to: acquire the intra-column coverage rate and intra-column overlap rate of the stereo unit to be served by using the Monte Carlo method based on the three-base station beam coordinated coverage model;

[0199] The calculation unit 202 is used to calculate the vertical beam width of the antenna according to the coverage rate in the column to obtain the initial vertical beam width of the antenna;

[0200] The optimization and adjustment unit 203 is used to optimize and adjust the antenna parameters by using a particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the intra-column overlap rate and the initial antenna vertical beam width to obtain antenna parameter values;

[0201] The calculation unit 202 is also used to: calculate the phase change gradient value of the base station direct-connected intelligent reflection surface using the antenna parameter value;

[0202] The control and adjustment unit 204 is used to control and adjust the base station direct-connected intelligent reflection surface by using a phase change gradient value to complete regional coverage.

[0203] Fig.13A schematic diagram of the structure of a base station directly connected to an intelligent super surface area coverage enhancement device provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes: a processor 710, a storage medium 720 and a bus 730, the storage medium 720 stores machine-readable instructions executable by the processor 710, when the base station directly connected to the intelligent super surface area coverage enhancement device is running, the processor 710 and the storage medium 720 communicate through the bus 730, and the processor 710 executes the machine-readable instructions to execute the steps of the above method embodiment. The specific implementation method and technical effect are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0204] The storage medium may include a random access memory (RAM) or a non-volatile memory (NVM), such as at least one disk storage. Optionally, the storage medium may also be at least one storage device located away from the aforementioned processor.

[0205] The above-mentioned processor can be a general-purpose processor, including a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), etc.; it can also be a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components.

[0206] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present invention. Instead, they are merely examples of devices and methods consistent with some aspects of the present invention.

[0207] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

[0208] Although the present invention is described herein in conjunction with various embodiments, in the process of implementing the claimed invention, those skilled in the art can understand and implement other changes of the above disclosed embodiments by viewing the drawings and the disclosed content. In the description of the present invention, the term "comprising" does not exclude other components or steps, "one" or "an" does not exclude multiple situations, and the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically limited. In addition, certain measures are recorded in different embodiments, but this does not mean that these measures cannot be combined to produce good results.

[0209] The above contents are further detailed descriptions of the present invention in combination with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For ordinary technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which should be regarded as falling within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for enhancing regional coverage of a base station directly connected to an intelligent metasurface, characterized in that: The regional coverage enhancement method is performed based on a three-base station beam cooperative coverage model, in which each base station is equipped with an antenna and a base station directly connected intelligent reflective surface, and the regional coverage enhancement method includes: Based on the three-base station beam cooperative coverage model, the Monte Carlo method is used to obtain the intra-column coverage rate and intra-column overlap rate of the three-dimensional unit to be served; The vertical beam width of the antenna is calculated by the coverage rate within the column to obtain the initial vertical beam width of the antenna; Based on the intra-column overlap rate and the initial antenna vertical beamwidth, a particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize and adjust the given antenna parameter values ​​to obtain antenna parameter values; Calculating the phase change gradient value of the base station direct-connected intelligent reflector using the antenna parameter value; The base station direct-connected intelligent reflective surface is controlled and adjusted by using the phase change gradient value to obtain an adjusted intelligent reflective surface, and the area coverage of the three-dimensional unit is completed by the adjusted intelligent reflective surface.

2. The method for enhancing regional coverage of a base station directly connected to an intelligent metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that: Three base stations are provided in the three-base station beam cooperative coverage model, and the three base stations include: a first base station, a second base station and a third base station; Each of the three-base station beam cooperative coverage models serves a three-dimensional unit; The signal radiation shape of the antenna is a quadrangular pyramid; the antenna is a directional antenna; The base station direct-connected intelligent reflective surface is arranged at a preset position away from the antenna; In the three-base station beam cooperative coverage model, the phase change gradient of the base station direct-connected intelligent reflection surface for the typical signal reflection array element of each base station is expressed as: Among them, D v Indicates the longitudinal phase change gradient value, D h represents the lateral phase change gradient value, n represents the material refractive index of the base station direct-connected intelligent reflector, α represents the angle between the typical longitudinal signal and the base station direct-connected intelligent reflector, θ represents the downtilt angle of the antenna, β represents the angle between the typical lateral signal and the base station direct-connected intelligent reflector, represents the incident angle of the typical lateral signal, and λ represents the wavelength of the signal transmitted by the antenna; wherein the typical longitudinal signal is the edge of the tetrahedron at the side viewing angle, and the typical lateral signal is the edge of the tetrahedron at the main viewing angle.

3. The method for enhancing regional coverage of a base station directly connected to an intelligent metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The column coverage is expressed as: Among them, Q 1 represents the coverage rate value within the column, Num1 represents the number of sampling points falling within the coverage area of ​​the first base station N1 beam, Num2 represents the number of sampling points that do not fall within the coverage area of ​​the first base station N1 beam but fall within the coverage area of ​​the second base station N2, Num3 represents the number of sampling points that only fall within the coverage area of ​​the third base station N3, and P represents the antenna transmission power; The intra-column overlap ratio is expressed as: Q 2 It represents the overlap rate value within the column, and Num4 represents the number of sampling points covered by two or more base station beams at the same time.

4. The method for enhancing regional coverage of a base station directly connected to an intelligent metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation of the vertical beam width of the antenna by the coverage rate within the column to obtain the initial vertical beam width of the antenna includes: Fixing given values ​​of the vertical beamwidths of antennas of any two base stations among the three base stations, adjusting given values ​​of the vertical beamwidths of antennas of the remaining base stations among the three base stations except the any two base stations, so that the coverage rate in the column reaches a local optimal value, and obtaining first vertical beamwidths of antennas corresponding to the remaining base stations; Based on the first antenna vertical beamwidth, adjusting the given values ​​of the antenna vertical beamwidths of the arbitrary two base stations so that the coverage rate in the column reaches a local optimal value, and obtaining the second antenna vertical beamwidth and the third antenna vertical beamwidth corresponding to the arbitrary two base stations; The first antenna vertical beam width, the second antenna vertical beam width and the third antenna vertical beam width are used as the initial antenna vertical beam width.

5. The method for enhancing regional coverage of a base station directly connected to an intelligent metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna parameter values ​​include: antenna horizontal beamwidth, antenna vertical beamwidth and antenna tilt angle.

6. The method for enhancing regional coverage of a base station directly connected to an intelligent metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the intra-column overlap rate and the initial antenna vertical beam width, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize and adjust the given antenna parameter values ​​to obtain antenna parameter values, including: Map the initial antenna vertical beamwidth and antenna tilt angle given values ​​to the upper and lower limits of the antenna signal coverage to obtain the mapping result; Based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm and the mapping result, the antenna parameter given value corresponding to the minimum value of the intra-column overlap rate is used as the antenna parameter value.

7. The method for enhancing regional coverage of a base station directly connected to an intelligent metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase change gradient includes: a longitudinal phase change gradient and a transverse phase change gradient.

8. The method for enhancing regional coverage of a base station directly connected to an intelligent metasurface according to claim 7, characterized in that: The calculating the phase change gradient value of the base station direct-connected intelligent reflection surface by using the antenna parameter value includes: The longitudinal angle is calculated based on the vertical beam width of the antenna and the antenna tilt angle using the following formula; the longitudinal angle is the angle between the typical longitudinal signal and the base station direct-connected intelligent reflector: c 2′ ＝α1-α2； α1 represents the first longitudinal angle, α2 represents the second longitudinal angle, c 2 ' represents the vertical beam width of the antenna, c 3 ' represents the antenna tilt angle; Based on the calculation formula of the longitudinal phase change gradient and the longitudinal angle, the longitudinal phase change gradient value is calculated; Based on the antenna horizontal beam width, the following formula is used to calculate the lateral angle, which is the angle between the typical lateral signal and the base station direct-connected intelligent reflector: c 1' ＝π-β1-β2； β1＝β2； c 1' represents the horizontal beamwidth of the antenna, β1 represents the first lateral angle, and β2 represents the second lateral angle; Based on the calculation formula of the lateral phase change gradient and the lateral angle, the lateral phase change gradient value is calculated.

9. A regional coverage enhancement device for a base station directly connected to an intelligent metasurface, characterized in that: The area coverage enhancement device of the base station directly connected intelligent metasurface includes: an acquisition unit, a calculation unit, an optimization adjustment unit and a control adjustment unit; The acquisition unit is used to: acquire the intra-column coverage rate and intra-column overlap rate of the stereo unit to be served by using the Monte Carlo method based on the three-base station beam cooperative coverage model; The calculation unit is used to: calculate the vertical beam width of the antenna by the coverage rate in the column to obtain the initial vertical beam width of the antenna; The optimization and adjustment unit is used to: optimize and adjust the antenna parameters by using a particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the intra-column overlap rate and the initial antenna vertical beam width to obtain antenna parameter values; The calculation unit is also used to: calculate the phase change gradient value of the base station direct-connected intelligent reflection surface using the antenna parameter value; The control and adjustment unit is used to: use the phase change gradient value to control and adjust the base station direct-connected intelligent reflection surface to complete regional coverage.

10. A base station directly connected to an intelligent metasurface area coverage enhancement device, characterized in that: include: A processor, a storage medium and a bus, wherein the storage medium stores machine-readable instructions executable by the processor, and when the area coverage enhancement device of the base station directly connected to the intelligent metasurface is running, the processor communicates with the storage medium through the bus, and the processor executes the machine-readable instructions to perform the steps of the area coverage enhancement method of the base station directly connected to the intelligent metasurface as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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