Close-planting high-yield cultivation method for intercropping broad-width flower kidney beans and corn in irrigated area

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural crop planting, and particularly relates to a close-planting high-yield cultivation method for intercropping broad-width flower kidney beans and corn in an irrigated area. According to the method, a kidney bean planting belt is arranged in a corn planting area, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, soil preparation and application of a base fertilizer; s2, seed selection and sowing of kidney beans; s3, sowing the corn; s4, water and fertilizer management of corn and water and fertilizer management and pest control of kidney beans; s5, harvesting the kidney beans and the corn. By controlling the sowing time of the two crops of kidney beans and corn and controlling the plant number, row spacing and spacing of the two crops, the characteristics of early sowing, early harvesting and fast early-stage growth of the kidney beans and the characteristics of late sowing, late harvesting and slow early-stage growth of the corn are utilized, height layering is achieved, grain and beans are intercropped, the land is cultivated with the land, and the planting economic income is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural crop planting, and more specifically relates to a high-yield cultivation method of wide-width kidney beans intercropped with corn in an irrigation area. Background Art

[0002] Improving corn yield is an important measure to increase agricultural production, but it is a complex issue involving many factors, including planting technology, variety selection, soil management, water resource utilization, pest and disease control, etc. In the oasis irrigation area, the corn yield has reached 1,300 kg / mu, and it is difficult to break through by simply increasing the corn yield. It can be seen that how to ensure the corn yield and increase farmers' economic income has become a difficult problem that needs to be solved in the planting process.

[0003] In the existing technology, the problem of stabilizing corn yield and increasing economic income is often solved through intercropping or increasing the input of production costs such as labor, fertilizers and seeds, as well as increasing the difficulty of field technical management.

[0004] Intercropping is a planting system in which two or more different types of crops are planted on the same piece of land at a certain row spacing, plant spacing and width ratio, so as to make full use of the growing space and environmental resources, achieve multiple harvests in one season, and achieve high yield and efficiency. However, intercropping is often accompanied by problems such as mismatched growth cycles and resource competition. How to solve these problems of intercropping has become the main difficulty in increasing farmers' economic income from planting. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-yield cultivation method for wide-width kidney beans intercropped with corn in irrigation areas to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0007] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is to provide a high-yield cultivation method of wide-width flower kidney beans intercropped with corn in an irrigated area, wherein a kidney bean planting belt is set in a corn planting area, wherein the width of the kidney bean planting belt is 120 cm and the spacing is 45 cm, and the specific steps include:

[0008] S1. Land preparation and application of base fertilizer;

[0009] S2. Selection and sowing of kidney beans:

[0010] Select kidney bean varieties with a full growth period of 110 to 125 days and a plant height of 50 cm to 60 cm, and sow them under film covering. The row spacing is 45 cm, the plant spacing is 20 cm, and 2 kidney bean seeds are sown in each hole at a depth of 4 to 6 cm.

[0011] S3. Corn sowing:

[0012] Sow corn when kidney beans are in the early flowering stage. Plant two rows of corn between the two kidney bean films, with a row spacing of 40 cm and a plant spacing of 23.5 cm. Plant 2 corns per hole at a sowing depth of 4 to 6 cm.

[0013] S4, water and fertilizer management for corn and water and fertilizer management for kidney beans and pest and disease control;

[0014] S5. Harvesting of kidney beans and corn.

[0015] The invention utilizes the characteristics of early sowing, early harvesting and fast growth of kidney beans and the characteristics of late sowing, late harvesting and slow growth of corn, and forms high and low layers, intercrops grains and beans, and uses the land to support the land. The kidney bean seed yield can reach 3825kg / hm 2 ~5400kg / hm 2 , corn grain yield reached 14250kg / hm 2 ~17250kg / hm 2 , achieving an increase in planting economic income.

[0016] The present invention avoids problems such as growth cycle mismatch and solves the problem of corn shading kidney beans and causing pollination failure by controlling the sowing time of two crops, kidney beans and corn, and solves problems such as resource competition by controlling the number of plants, row spacing and spacing, thereby achieving a stable increase in planting income.

[0017] Furthermore, the steps of land preparation and basal fertilizer application include: before the soil freezes, deep ploughing to a depth of 25 cm to 30 cm, and irrigation of 1050 m 3 / hm 2 ~1500m 3 / hm 2 ; Spring land preparation is carried out in the spring of the following year. Before the soil thaws, it is pressed, harrowed, and moisture is retained. After the soil thaws, shallow plowing of 10cm to 15cm is carried out, and the soil is leveled, harrowed, and moisture is retained in preparation for sowing. Combined with spring land preparation, 15,000kg / hm2 of organic fertilizer is applied. 2 ~30000kg / hm 2 , diammonium phosphate 225kg / hm 2 ~300kg / hm 2 、Urea 150kg / hm 2 ~225kg / hm 2 .

[0018] The organic fertilizer in the present invention is not particularly limited, and any commonly used decomposed manure in planting can be used.

[0019] Furthermore, the kidney bean variety is preferably one of Ayun No. 1, Ayun No. 2, Ayun No. 3, milk flower kidney beans, large white kidney beans, large black flower kidney beans and red kidney beans.

[0020] Preferably, the film covering and sowing step includes: using a film covering and sowing integrated machine for sowing, the width of the ground film is 140 cm, 5 cm deep furrows are opened on both sides to turn over the ground film, the width of the film surface after film covering is 120 cm, 45 cm of open ground is left between the two films, 3 rows of kidney beans are sown on the film, the row spacing is 45 cm, 15 cm is left on the edge of the film, and the kidney bean sowing amount is 180,000 beans / hm 2 About 170,000 seedlings / hm2 2 about.

[0021] The roller behind the seeder presses the film surface. The film covering should be "flat, spread, tight, straight and solid", that is, the land must be raked and leveled, and the residues and large clods of earth must be removed. The film should be close to the ground without wrinkles.

[0022] Furthermore, conventional field management measures may be adopted for water and fertilizer management and pest and disease control of kidney beans.

[0023] In some specific embodiments, the water and fertilizer management of kidney beans includes irrigating kidney beans with urea 225kg / hm after corn sowing. 2 .

[0024] The main diseases of kidney beans include root rot, mosaic virus disease, sclerotinia, red spider mites, etc. In some specific implementation schemes, the disease and pest control can be: adopting seed dressing method to prevent root rot (35% doxorubicin seed dressing agent, the standard is 1000-1500mL / 100kg seeds); in the early stage of red spider mites, 15% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate can be sprayed with 3000 times of solution for prevention and control, once every 7 days or so, for 2 to 3 times in a row; in the early stage of the onset of other diseases, 20% morphoguanidine·copper acetate wettable powder 500 times solution or 2% ningnanmycin aqueous solution 200-250 times solution can be sprayed with once every 7 days or so, for 2 to 3 times in a row.

[0025] Furthermore, the corn varieties with a full growth period of 110 to 118 days are selected for sowing.

[0026] In some specific embodiments, the corn variety includes one of Xianyu 1483, Xianyu 1225, Dongdan 1331, Huamei No. 1, Aidan 268, Yudan 9953, Zhongdan 808 and Zhongdan 909.

[0027] Preferably, the corn sowing rate is 100,000 grains / hm2. 2 , 95,000 seedlings / hm 2 .

[0028] The space between kidney bean planting belts is 45 cm wide, and corn is planted with a row spacing of 40 cm and a plant spacing of 23.5 cm. Two seeds are sown in each hole, with a sowing depth of 4 to 6 cm and a corn sowing rate of 100,000 seeds / hm2. 2 About 95,000 seedlings / hm2 2about.

[0029] Furthermore, the water and fertilizer management of the corn may be carried out by conventional field management measures.

[0030] In some specific embodiments, the water and fertilizer management of corn can be to apply 300 kg / hm2 of urea in combination with irrigation during the jointing stage of corn. 2 , In the corn flaring period, 300kg / hm2 of urea should be applied in combination with irrigation 2 , 150kg / hm2 urea was applied during the corn filling period in combination with irrigation 2 .

[0031] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0032] The present invention utilizes the characteristics of slow growth of corn in the early stage and short growth period of flowering kidney beans, and utilizes kidney bean planting belts as densified corn belts to form effective ventilation and light-transmitting areas. The root system of kidney beans can fix nitrogen in the air, and provide high-quality nutrients to corn through the mutual interaction of the root systems of legumes and grasses, thereby ensuring that corn does not reduce yield compared with the single-cropping control treatment. Intercropping kidney beans can also increase economic income, which well solves the problem of stabilizing corn yield and improving production capacity. At the same time, the wide-width cultivation technology of kidney beans provides space for management and operation machinery such as kidney bean sowing and harvesting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present application are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of intercropping according to Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0036] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0037] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0038] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0039] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0040] The organic fertilizer used in the specific embodiment of the present invention is an organic fertilizer made from decomposed and composted ordinary manure.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of intercropping according to Example 1 of the present invention.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] A high-yield cultivation technology for wide-width kidney beans intercropped with corn in an irrigated area, comprising the following steps:

[0044] S1. Before the soil freezes, deep ploughing should be carried out to a depth of 25cm to 30cm, and irrigation should be carried out at 1050m 3 / hm 2 ~1 500m 3 / hm 2 ; Spring land preparation is carried out in the spring of the following year. Before the soil thaws, it is pressed, harrowed, and moisture is retained. After the soil thaws, shallow plowing of 10cm to 15cm is carried out, and the soil is leveled, harrowed, and moisture is retained in preparation for sowing. Combined with spring land preparation, 15,000kg / hm2 of organic fertilizer is applied. 2 ~30000kg / hm 2 , diammonium phosphate 225kg / hm 2 ~300kg / hm 2 、Urea 150kg / hm 2 ~225kg / hm 2 ;

[0045] S2. Selection and sowing of kidney beans:

[0046] In early April (April 10), after the soil was completely thawed, the beans were sown with film covering and sowing. The film was 140 cm wide, and 5 cm deep furrows were opened on both sides to turn over the film. After covering, the film surface was 120 cm wide, and 45 cm of open ground was left between the two films. Three rows of flower beans were sown on the film, with a row spacing of 45 cm, 15 cm left on the edge of the film, and a plant spacing of 20 cm. Two beans were sown in each hole, and the sowing depth was between 4 and 6 cm. The sowing rate of kidney beans was 180,000 beans / hm2. 2 , 170,000 seedlings / hm2 2 , a roller is installed behind the seeder to press the film surface;

[0047] Among them, kidney bean seeds are mixed with 35% of Doxorubicin seed dressing agent (the standard is 1000-1500mL / 100kg seeds);

[0048] S3. Corn sowing:

[0049] In mid-May (May 10), corn was sown when kidney beans began to bloom. Corn was sown in the open field with a manual seed drill, with a row spacing of 40 cm and a plant spacing of 23.5 cm. Two seeds were sown in each hole, with a sowing depth of 4 to 6 cm. The seed drill was equipped with a pressure wheel to suppress the sowing, and the sowing rate was 100,000 seeds / hm2. 2 , 95,000 seedlings / hm 2 ;

[0050] S4. Water and fertilizer management for corn and water and fertilizer management for kidney beans and pest and disease control:

[0051] In mid-May, the first irrigation after corn planting, kidney bean row combined with irrigation and topdressing of urea 225kg / hm 2 ; Apply urea 300kg / hm2 during the jointing stage of corn combined with irrigation 2 ; Apply urea 300kg / hm2 combined with irrigation during the corn flaring period 2 ; During the corn filling period, 150kg / hm2 of urea was applied in combination with irrigation. 2 ;

[0052] If diseases occur during this period, for example, in the early stage of red spider mites, 15% pyridabenzyl EC 3000 times diluted can be sprayed for prevention and control, once every 7 days for 2 to 3 times in a row; in the early stage of other diseases, 20% morphoguanidine copper acetate wettable powder 500 times diluted or 2% ningnanmycin aqueous solution 200-250 times diluted can be sprayed for prevention and control, once every 7 days for 2 to 3 times in a row;

[0053] S5. Kidney beans and corn are harvested after they are mature. When more than 70% of the leaves of kidney bean plants in the field turn yellow, more than 80% of the stems and pods turn yellow or yellow-brown, 95% of the leaves turn yellow and fall off, and the beans become hard and milky white in color, you can start harvesting kidney beans.

[0054] Comparative Example 1

[0055] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that corn and kidney beans were sown on the same day (April 10).

[0056] Comparative Example 2

[0057] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that corn (April 20) is sown ten days after kidney beans (April 10).

[0058] Comparative Example 3

[0059] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that corn (May 1) is sown 20 days after kidney beans (April 10).

[0060] Test example

[0061] The planting techniques of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were used in an oasis irrigation area (Wuwei, Gansu) to conduct a wide-width intercropping of kidney beans and corn dense planting test, wherein the corn variety was selected as Xianyu 1483 and the kidney bean variety was selected as Ayun No. 1. Single-crop corn and single-crop kidney beans were used as the control group (the number of corn or kidney bean plants in intercropping and monocropping was the same). Fields with similar properties were divided into plots that did not interfere with each other. Three repetitions were set for each group, totaling 24 plots, wherein the planting time of corn monocropping and kidney bean monocropping was April 10, and the planting time of other groups was: kidney beans were sown on April 10, and corn was sown on April 10 (Comparative Example 1), April 20 (Comparative Example 2), May 1 (Comparative Example 3) and May 10 (Example 1 and Comparative Examples 4 to 5). The yield and economic benefits of each group were counted, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0062] Table 1

[0063]

[0064]

[0065] It can be seen from the data in Table 1 that different sowing times have no significant effect on corn yield, but have a greater impact on kidney bean yield. Among them, the corn yield of corn sown on May 10 (Example 1) is 18100-18550 kg / hm 2 , kidney bean yield is 4050~4200kg / hm 2 The economic benefit is the highest, even if it can increase the labor force by 7500 yuan / hm2 compared with single corn cultivation. 2 , increasing the cost of kidney bean seeds by 3600 yuan / hm 2 , but compared with the single corn treatment (18500~19050kg / hm 2 ) had no significant difference in corn yield, and the economic income increased by 19546 yuan / hm2 compared with single corn cultivation. 2The benefits increased by 36.5%. However, if the corn is sown too early (Comparative Examples 1-3), it will have a great impact on the yield of kidney beans. The closer the sowing time of the two is, the lower the yield of kidney beans. This cultivation technology uses the characteristics of slow growth of corn in the early stage and short growth period of flower kidney beans, and rationally uses the 140cm flower kidney bean belt to form an effective ventilation and light-transmitting area for the densified corn belt. The root system of flower kidney beans can fix nitrogen in the air, and provide high-quality nutrients to corn through the root systems of legumes and grasses, thereby ensuring that corn does not reduce yield compared with the single-crop control treatment. Intercropping flower kidney beans can increase economic income by 32,933 yuan / hm2. 2 It can be seen that the cultivation technology of the present invention can well solve the problem of stable corn yield and increased production capacity. Compared with comparative examples 4 to 5, Example 1 postpones the corn sowing time, so that the growth of corn does not affect the lighting and pollination of kidney beans. The wide-width cultivation technology provides space for management machinery such as sowing and harvesting of flower kidney beans, and the yield and economic benefits can be increased by 1.7 to 36.5%.

[0066] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0067] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A high-yield cultivation method for wide-width kidney beans intercropped with corn in irrigated areas, characterized in that: A kidney bean planting belt is set in the corn planting area, wherein the kidney bean planting belt has a width of 120 cm and a spacing of 45 cm. The specific steps include: S1. Land preparation and application of base fertilizer; S2. Selection and sowing of kidney beans: Select kidney bean varieties with a full growth period of 110 to 125 days and a plant height of 50 cm to 60 cm, and sow them under film covering. The row spacing is 45 cm, the plant spacing is 20 cm, and 2 kidney bean seeds are sown in each hole at a depth of 4 to 6 cm. S3. Corn sowing: Plant two rows of corn between the two films at the beginning of the flowering period of kidney beans. The row spacing of corn is 40 cm, the plant spacing is 23.5 cm, 2 seeds are sown in each hole, and the sowing depth is 4 to 6 cm. S4, water and fertilizer management for corn and water and fertilizer management for kidney beans and pest and disease control; S5. Harvesting of kidney beans and corn.

2. The high-yield cultivation method of wide-band kidney beans intercropped with corn densely planted in irrigation areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of land preparation and basal fertilizer application include: before the soil freezes, deep ploughing and stubble removal to a depth of 25 cm to 30 cm, and irrigation at 1050 m 3 / hm 2 ~1500m 3 / hm 2 ; Spring land preparation is carried out in the spring of the following year. Before the soil thaws, it is pressed, harrowed, and moisture is retained. After the soil thaws, shallow plowing of 10cm to 15cm is carried out, and the soil is leveled, harrowed, and moisture is retained in preparation for sowing. Combined with spring land preparation, 15,000kg / hm2 of organic fertilizer is applied. 2 ~30000kg / hm 2 , diammonium phosphate 225kg / hm 2 ~300kg / hm 2 , urea 150kg / hm 2 ~225kg / hm 2 .

3. The high-yield cultivation method of wide-band kidney beans intercropped with corn densely planted in irrigation areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The kidney bean variety is one of Ayun No. 1, Ayun No. 2, Ayun No. 3, milk flower kidney beans, large white kidney beans, large black flower kidney beans and red kidney beans.

4. The high-yield cultivation method of wide-band kidney beans intercropped with corn densely planted in irrigation areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water and fertilizer management of kidney beans includes irrigation and topdressing of urea 225kg / hm after kidney beans are sown in combination with corn. 2 .

5. The high-yield cultivation method of wide-band kidney beans intercropped with corn densely planted in irrigation areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The corn varieties with a full growth period of 110 to 118 days are selected for sowing.

6. The high-yield cultivation method of wide-band kidney beans intercropped with corn densely planted in irrigation areas as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The corn varieties include one of Xianyu 1483, Xianyu 1225, Dongdan 1331, Huamei No. 1, Aidan 268, Yudan 9953, Zhongdan 808 and Zhongdan 909.

7. The high-yield cultivation method of wide-band kidney beans intercropped with corn densely planted in irrigation areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water and fertilizer management of corn is to apply urea 300kg / hm2 in combination with irrigation during the jointing period of corn. 2 , In the corn flaring period, 300kg / hm2 of urea should be applied in combination with irrigation 2 , 150kg / hm2 urea was applied during the corn filling period in combination with irrigation 2 .

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