A method for sowing hybrid offspring of lateral membrane group begonia

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of lateral membrane group begonia breeding technology, and specifically relates to a lateral membrane group begonia hybrid offspring sowing method, comprising the following steps: S1. harvesting seeds; S2. preparing a matrix; S3. matrix disinfection; S4. sowing; S5. cultivating, and after sowing, placing the sowing container in an environment with a temperature of 20-26°C, a light of 1000-5000 lux, and a photoperiod of 10-16 hours / day. The lateral membrane group begonia hybrid offspring sowing method of the present invention, by performing multiple rounds of all-round disinfection and prevention of the matrix, sowing container, and seeds, etc. by different methods, can reduce the incidence of fungi, bacteria, mosses, springtails, and nematodes from an overall 30-50% to less than 10%, and increase the overall germination rate of hybrid offspring seeds from less than 30% to more than 50%. Combined with compound slow-release fertilizer, the growth rate of hybrid offspring seedlings is increased by 20-30%, and the efficiency of hybrid breeding is significantly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of breeding of lateral membrane group begonias, and particularly relates to a sowing method for hybrid offspring of lateral membrane group begonias. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, herbaceous flowers have rapidly grown to become the second largest flower group after ornamental plants, thanks to their vibrant colors, abundant blooms, short flowering cycles, and abundant variety. The global herbaceous flower market is extremely diverse, with prominent examples including impatiens, begonias, chrysanthemums, petunias, cyclamen, tulips, and lilies.

[0003] Begonias are a classic example of herbaceous flowers and one of the largest herbaceous flower markets, with an annual global output value of nearly 10 billion yuan. Begonias are used in many aspects of daily life, including urban road greening, parks, residential communities, courtyards, exhibitions, and indoor potted plants. Currently, nearly 20,000 begonia varieties have been bred worldwide, of which only about 1,000 are mainstream and commercially available. These primarily belong to four major groups: four-season begonias, bulbous begonias, Rieger begonias, and royal begonias. Except for the royal begonias, most of these varieties are ornamental. Hybridization remains the most common, direct, and effective method for breeding new Begonia varieties.

[0004] Wild resources are the original parents for hybrid breeding. Currently, the majority of begonia varieties are bred abroad, and the main cultivated varieties on the market are mostly developed based on native species in the Americas and Africa. Asian populations are relatively rarely involved in breeding, and Chinese populations are even rarer. Due to its compact plant shape, abundant flowers, and especially its varied leaf markings, the Pleurotus ostreatus has become a favorite among begonia enthusiasts. Therefore, hybrid breeding of new foliage-oriented Pleurotus ostreatus varieties using wild Pleurotus ostreatus resources distributed in China as parents is an important means to develop cultivated populations of foliage-oriented Pleurotus ostreatus begonias. Therefore, how to more efficiently obtain hybrid offspring populations is one of the key research directions in the selection and breeding of new Pleurotus ostreatus begonia varieties.

[0005] Begonias of the Pleurotus ostreatus group mostly grow in humid tropical and subtropical regions, particularly preferring microhabitats such as understory forests, stream valleys, caves, and waterfalls. In Guangxi, Begonias of the Pleurotus ostreatus group are mostly found in gullies and cave entrances in the karst mountainous areas of southwestern and northwestern Guangxi. They have strict habitat requirements, especially in terms of temperature, moisture, and light. Therefore, Begonias of the Pleurotus ostreatus group also require similar growing environments for seed germination, but different species have relatively similar growth habits. Hybridization of Begonias of the Pleurotus ostreatus group is usually interspecific, and the resulting pods generally have relatively few seeds, a low proportion of mature seeds, and a lower and weaker seed germination rate and seedlings than the native species, thus placing higher demands on sowing.

[0006] In addition to the above problems, during the early sowing process of the hybrid offspring of the lateral membrane group begonia, it was found that the efficiency of obtaining its offspring group was low, which brought many inconveniences to the hybrid breeding work. The main problems are as follows: First, the time required for seed germination is relatively long and the germination environment is continuously high and humid, which makes it easy for fungi, bacteria, mosses, etc. to breed, seriously affecting seed germination and seedling growth; second, young insects such as springtails and nematodes are very easy to produce in the matrix, which mainly suck the stems, leaves and roots of the seedlings, which also seriously affects the survival rate of the sown offspring.

[0007] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be regarded as an admission or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The invention aims to provide a method for sowing hybrid offspring of lateral membrane group begonia.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0010] A method for sowing hybrid offspring of lateral membrane group begonia, comprising the following steps:

[0011] S1. Harvesting seeds

[0012] Select pods that have been hybridized for more than one month, and start harvesting when the pod stalks begin to wither and yellow and no longer have the ability to transmit nutrients. After harvesting, dry them naturally.

[0013] S2. Preparation of matrix

[0014] Peat soil and perlite are mixed in a volume ratio of 5-10:1 to form a matrix, and base fertilizer and pesticide are added to the matrix to form a mixed matrix; the mixed matrix is ​​placed in a sowing container, smoothed and compacted to a thickness of 1-3 cm after compaction, and then covered and placed in a cool, dry place;

[0015] S3. Matrix disinfection;

[0016] S4. Seeding

[0017] Shake the seeds from the harvested pods onto a clean paper surface to remove any husks, debris, and immature seeds mixed in the seeds; then evenly shake the seeds onto the surface of the mixed substrate; spray 500-1000 times diluted 15-30% oxadiazon and 1000-1500 times diluted 50% carbendazim wettable powder on the surface of the mixed substrate until the substrate surface is moistened; close the lid and write necessary marks on the outside of the sowing container with a marker;

[0018] S5. Cultivation

[0019] After sowing, place the sowing container in an environment with a temperature of 20-26℃, a light intensity of 1000-5000 lux, and a photoperiod of 10-16h / d.

[0020] More specifically, in step S1, the harvested seeds are placed in a kraft paper bag and then placed in an environment with a humidity of 30%-70% and a temperature of 10-25°C to dry naturally, or hung on the branches of the plant to dry naturally before being harvested and placed in a kraft paper bag; the time from the seeds drying to sowing shall not exceed 60 days.

[0021] More specifically, in step S2, the fiber length in the peat soil is 0.1-10 mm; and the insecticide is 0.4% active ingredient chlorantraniliprole or 3% active ingredient dinotefuran granules.

[0022] More specifically, in step S2, the volume-to-mass ratio of the substrate to the base fertilizer is 1 L: 2-5 g;

[0023] When the insecticide is chlorantraniliprole granules with an active ingredient of 0.4%, the mass volume of the matrix and the insecticide is 1L:1-2g; when the insecticide is dinotefuran granules with an active ingredient of 3%, the mass volume of the matrix and the insecticide is 1L:0.5-1g.

[0024] More specifically, in step S2, the sowing container is a transparent, high-temperature resistant plastic box with a lid, with a volume of more than 500 mL and a height of more than 5 cm, 2-5 drainage holes with a diameter of 3-5 mm at the bottom, and 1-3 ventilation holes with a diameter of 2-5 mm on the top cover.

[0025] More specifically, in step S3, the specific operations of substrate disinfection are as follows:

[0026] First disinfection: After filling the mixed matrix, spray the mixed matrix with 1000-1500 times dilution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 0.1-0.2% potassium permanganate solution, drain the excess water through the drainage hole at the bottom, close the lid and place in a cool and dry place for later use;

[0027] Second disinfection: 1-10 days before sowing, use a microwave oven to disinfect the mixed matrix for the second time. Place the mixed matrix together with the sowing container in a 900-1000W microwave oven, heat it on high heat for 3-5 minutes, then take it out and let it stand at room temperature for 2-3 minutes, place it in the microwave oven again and heat it on high heat for 2-3 minutes, take it out and cool it to room temperature.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] The method for sowing hybrid offspring of lateral membrane group begonia of the present invention can reduce the incidence of fungi, bacteria, mosses, springtails and nematodes from an overall 30-50% to below 10% by performing multiple rounds of all-round disinfection and prevention of the matrix, sowing containers and seeds using different methods, and increase the overall germination rate of hybrid offspring seeds from less than 30% to more than 50%. Combined with the compound slow-release fertilizer, the growth rate of the hybrid offspring seedlings is increased by 20-30%, and the hybrid breeding efficiency is significantly improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 This is the case of sowing infected moss in Example 2;

[0031] Figure 2 This is the case of sowing infected mosses and springtails in Example 4;

[0032] Figure 3 For example 4, the seeds were infected with mosses and fungi;

[0033] Figure 4 The healthy seedlings of the hybrid offspring of Example 1;

[0034] Figure 5 These are healthy seedlings of the hybrid offspring of Example 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solution of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] A method for sowing hybrid offspring of Begonia lateralis, taking the hybrid offspring of Begonia fangii and Begonia ningmingensis var. bella as an example, comprises the following steps:

[0038] S1. Harvesting seeds

[0039] Artificial pollination is carried out in early March, and the fruit pods are harvested in late April when the pod stalks begin to wither and yellow and no longer have the ability to transmit nutrients. After harvesting, they are placed in kraft paper bags and placed in an environment with a humidity of 65% and a temperature of 25°C to dry naturally until mid-May.

[0040] S2. Preparation of matrix

[0041] Prepare the substrate in mid-May by mixing peat moss and perlite in a volume ratio of 5:1, and add base fertilizer and pesticide to the substrate to form a mixed substrate. Place the mixed substrate into the sowing container, smooth and compact the surface of the mixed substrate to a thickness of 2 cm after compaction, then close the lid and place in a cool, dry place. The fiber length of the peat moss is 0.1-10 mm. The sowing container should be a transparent, heat-resistant plastic box with a lid, about 600 mL in volume and 6 cm in height, with two drainage holes of 3-5 mm in diameter at the bottom and one ventilation hole of 2-5 mm in diameter on the top cover.

[0042] The base fertilizer is Aolvfei No. 301; the volume mass ratio of the substrate to the base fertilizer is 1L:3g;

[0043] In addition, the insecticide is chlorantraniliprole granules with an active ingredient of 0.4% (manufacturer: Jiangmen Daguangming Agrochemical Xinhui Co., Ltd., pesticide registration number: PD20141675), and the mass volume of the matrix and the insecticide is 1 L:2 g.

[0044] S3. Matrix disinfection;

[0045] First disinfection: After filling the mixed substrate, spray the mixed substrate with 1250 times diluted 50% carbendazim wettable powder (manufacturer: Sichuan Runer Technology Co., Ltd., pesticide registration number: PD85150-35) and drain the excess water through the drainage holes at the bottom. Cover and place in a cool, dry place for later use.

[0046] Second disinfection: 3 days before sowing, use a microwave to disinfect the mixed matrix for the second time. Place the mixed matrix and the sowing container in a 900W microwave oven, heat it on high heat for 3 minutes, then take it out and let it stand at room temperature for 3 minutes, then put it in the microwave oven again and heat it on high heat for 2 minutes, then take it out and let it cool to room temperature.

[0047] S4. Seeding

[0048] Sowing should be carried out in mid-May. The seeds from the harvested pods should be shaken off onto a clean piece of paper to remove any husks, debris, and immature seeds. The seeds should then be evenly shaken off onto the surface of the mixed substrate. An 800-fold dilution of 30% oxadiazon (manufacturer: Sichuan Runer Technology Co., Ltd., pesticide registration number: PD20100745) and a 1250-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder (manufacturer: Sichuan Runer Technology Co., Ltd., pesticide registration number: PD85150-35) should be lightly sprayed onto the surface of the mixed substrate until the substrate is moistened. After closing the lid, write the necessary marks on the outside of the sowing container with a marker.

[0049] S5. Cultivation

[0050] After sowing, the sowing container was placed in an environment with a temperature of 25°C, a light of 3000 lux, and a light-dark cycle of 14L / 10D. The seeds began to germinate from mid-June, and the germination rate was about 80% by mid-July. The plants grew strong and neat, and there were no obvious fungi, bacteria, mosses, springtails, nematodes, etc. in the sowing box.

[0051] Example 2: Conventional method

[0052] A portion of the hybrid combination seeds of Example 1 was reserved and sown using conventional methods. Seed harvesting and drying were the same as in Example 1. The subsequent operations were as follows:

[0053] Prepare the substrate: Prepare the substrate in mid-May by mixing peat moss and perlite in a volume ratio of 5:1. Place the mixed substrate in the sowing container, smooth and compact the surface of the mixed substrate to a thickness of 2 cm after compaction, then close the lid and place in a cool, dry place. The fiber length of the peat moss should be 0.1-10 mm. The sowing container should be a transparent, heat-resistant plastic box with a lid, 600 mL in volume and 6 cm in height, with two drainage holes of 3-5 mm in diameter at the bottom and one ventilation hole of 2-5 mm in diameter on the top cover.

[0054] Substrate disinfection: After filling the mixed substrate, spray the mixed substrate with 1250 times diluted 50% carbendazim wettable powder (manufacturer: Sichuan Runer Technology Co., Ltd., pesticide registration number: PD85150-35) and drain the excess water through the drainage holes at the bottom. Cover and place in a cool, dry place for later use.

[0055] Sowing: Sowing should be carried out in mid-May. Shake the seeds from the harvested pods onto a clean paper surface to remove any husks, debris, and immature seeds mixed with the seeds. Then, shake the seeds evenly onto the surface of the mixed substrate. After closing the lid, write the necessary marks on the outside of the sowing container with a marker.

[0056] Cultivation: After sowing, place the sowing container in an environment with a temperature of 25℃, a light of 3000 lux, and a light-dark cycle of 14L / 10D. The seeds began to germinate from mid-June, and the germination rate was about 20% by mid-July. There were obvious fungi and springtails in the sowing box, and the plants grew weakly due to their influence.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] A method for sowing hybrid offspring of Begonia lateralis, taking the hybrid offspring of Begonia filiformis (Begonia filiformis) and Begonia ferox (B. ferox) as an example, comprises the following steps:

[0059] S1. Harvesting seeds

[0060] Artificial pollination is carried out in late March, and the fruit pods are harvested in early May when the pod stalks begin to wither and yellow and no longer have the ability to transmit nutrients. After harvesting, they are placed in kraft paper bags and placed in an environment with a humidity of 65% and a temperature of 25°C to dry naturally until late May.

[0061] S2. Preparation of matrix

[0062] Prepare the substrate in late May by mixing peat moss and perlite in a volume ratio of 7:1, and add base fertilizer and pesticide to the substrate to form a mixed substrate. Place the mixed substrate into the sowing container, smooth and compact the surface of the mixed substrate to a thickness of 3 cm after compaction, then close the lid and place in a cool, dry place. The fiber length of the peat moss is 0.1-10 mm. The sowing container should be a transparent, heat-resistant plastic box with a lid, about 1000 mL in volume and 8 cm in height, with three drainage holes of 3-5 mm in diameter at the bottom and two ventilation holes of 2-5 mm in diameter on the top cover.

[0063] The base fertilizer is Aolvfei No. 301; the volume mass ratio of the substrate to the base fertilizer is 1L:5g;

[0064] In addition, the insecticide is a 3% active ingredient dinotefuran granule (manufacturer: Shandong Danong Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., pesticide registration number: PD20211505), and the mass volume of the matrix and the insecticide is 1 L: 0.8 g.

[0065] S3. Matrix disinfection;

[0066] First disinfection: After filling the mixed matrix, spray the mixed matrix with 0.15% potassium permanganate solution, drain the excess water through the drainage hole at the bottom, close the lid and place in a cool and dry place for later use;

[0067] Second disinfection: 3 days before sowing, use a microwave to disinfect the mixed matrix for the second time. Place the mixed matrix and the sowing container in a 1000W microwave oven, heat it on high heat for 5 minutes, then take it out and let it stand at room temperature for 3 minutes, then put it in the microwave oven again and heat it on high heat for 3 minutes, then take it out and let it cool to room temperature.

[0068] S4. Seeding

[0069] Sowing was carried out in late May. The seeds from the harvested pods were shaken onto a clean paper surface to remove any husks, debris, and immature seeds. The seeds were then evenly shaken onto the surface of the mixed substrate. A 500-fold dilution of 15% oxadiazon (manufacturer: Shenzhen Nopco Crop Science Co., Ltd., pesticide registration number: PD20085077) and a 1250-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder (manufacturer: Sichuan Runer Technology Co., Ltd., pesticide registration number: PD85150-35) were lightly sprayed onto the surface of the mixed substrate until the substrate was moistened. After closing the lid, the outside of the sowing container was marked with a marker.

[0070] S5. Cultivation

[0071] After sowing, the sowing container was placed in an environment with a temperature of 25°C, a light of 2000 lux, and a light-dark cycle of 14L / 10D. The seeds began to germinate in late June, and the germination rate was about 70% by late July. The plants grew strong and neat, and there were no obvious fungi, bacteria, mosses, springtails, nematodes, etc. in the sowing box.

[0072] Example 4: Conventional method

[0073] A portion of the hybrid combination seeds was reserved and sown using conventional methods. Seed harvesting and drying were the same as in Example 3. The subsequent operations were as follows:

[0074] Prepare the substrate: Prepare the substrate in late May by mixing peat moss and perlite in a volume ratio of 7:1. Place the mixed substrate in the sowing container, smooth and compact the surface of the mixed substrate to a thickness of 3 cm after compaction, then close the lid and place in a cool, dry place. The fiber length in the peat moss is 0.1-10 mm. The sowing container should be a transparent, heat-resistant plastic box with a lid, about 1000 mL in volume and 8 cm in height, with three drainage holes of 3-5 mm in diameter at the bottom and two ventilation holes of 2-5 mm in diameter on the top cover.

[0075] Substrate disinfection: After filling the mixed substrate, spray the mixed substrate with 0.15% potassium permanganate solution, drain the excess water through the drainage holes at the bottom, close the lid and place in a cool and dry place for later use;

[0076] Sowing: Sowing should be carried out in late May. Shake the seeds from the harvested pods onto a clean paper surface to remove any husks, debris, and immature seeds mixed with the seeds. Then, shake the seeds evenly onto the surface of the mixed substrate. After closing the lid, write the necessary marks on the outside of the sowing container with a marker.

[0077] Cultivation: After sowing, place the sowing container in an environment with a temperature of 25℃, a light of 2000 lux, and a light-dark cycle of 14L / 10D. The seeds began to germinate from late June, and the germination rate was about 20% by late July. There were obvious fungi and springtails in the sowing box, and the plants grew weakly due to their influence.

[0078] The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention are for purposes of illustration and description. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and it is apparent that many variations and modifications are possible in light of the foregoing teachings. The exemplary embodiments have been selected and described for the purpose of explaining the specific principles of the invention and their practical application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to realize and utilize a variety of exemplary embodiments of the invention and various options and modifications. The scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for sowing hybrid offspring of lateral membrane group begonia, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Harvesting seeds Select pods that have been hybridized for more than one month, and start harvesting when the pod stalks begin to wither and yellow and no longer have the ability to transmit nutrients. After harvesting, dry them naturally. S2. Preparation of matrix Peat soil and perlite are mixed in a volume ratio of 5-10:1 to form a matrix, and base fertilizer and pesticide are added to the matrix to form a mixed matrix; the mixed matrix is ​​placed in a sowing container, smoothed and compacted to a thickness of 1-3 cm after compaction, and then covered and placed in a cool, dry place; S3. Matrix disinfection; S4. Seeding Shake the seeds from the harvested pods onto a clean paper surface to remove any husks, debris, and immature seeds mixed in the seeds; then evenly shake the seeds onto the surface of the mixed substrate; spray 500-1000 times diluted 15-30% oxadiazon and 1000-1500 times diluted 50% carbendazim wettable powder on the surface of the mixed substrate until the substrate surface is moistened; close the lid and write necessary marks on the outside of the sowing container with a marker; S5. Cultivation After sowing, place the sowing container in an environment with a temperature of 20-26°C, a light intensity of 1000-5000 lux, and a photoperiod of 10-16 hours / day. In step S2, the fiber length in the peat soil is 0.1-10 mm; the insecticide is 0.4% active ingredient chlorantraniliprole or 3% active ingredient dinotefuran granules; In step S3, the specific operations of substrate disinfection are as follows: First disinfection: After filling the mixed matrix, spray the mixed matrix with 1000-1500 times dilution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 0.1-0.2% potassium permanganate solution, drain the excess water through the drainage hole at the bottom, close the lid and place in a cool and dry place for later use; Second disinfection: 1-10 days before sowing, use a microwave oven to disinfect the mixed matrix for the second time. Place the mixed matrix together with the sowing container in a microwave oven, heat it on high heat for 3-5 minutes, then take it out and let it stand at room temperature for 2-3 minutes, then place it in the microwave oven again and heat it on high heat for 2-3 minutes, then take it out and cool it to room temperature.

2. The method for sowing hybrid offspring of begonia of the lateral membrane group according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the harvested seeds are placed in a kraft paper bag and then placed in an environment with a humidity of 30%-70% and a temperature of 10-25°C to dry naturally, or hung on the branches of the plant to dry naturally before being harvested and placed in a kraft paper bag; the time from the seeds drying to sowing is no more than 60 days.

3. The method for sowing hybrid offspring of begonia of side membrane group according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the volume mass ratio of the substrate and base fertilizer is 1L:2-5g; When the insecticide is chlorantraniliprole granules with an active ingredient of 0.4%, the mass volume of the matrix and the insecticide is 1L:1-2g; when the insecticide is dinotefuran granules with an active ingredient of 3%, the mass volume of the matrix and the insecticide is 1L:0.5-1g.

4. The method for sowing hybrid offspring of begonia of side membrane group according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the sowing container is a transparent, high-temperature resistant plastic box with a lid, with a volume of more than 500 mL and a height of more than 5 cm, 2-5 drainage holes with a diameter of 3-5 mm at the bottom, and 1-3 ventilation holes with a diameter of 2-5 mm on the top cover.

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