Method for producing high-protein feed with homology of medicine and food by using biological bacteria and application of high-protein feed

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of feed preparation, and particularly relates to a method for producing a high-protein feed with homology of medicine and food by using biological bacteria and application. According to the method, the waterproof material is laid on the ground with the shading degree of 70%-80%, the aired straw is laid on the waterproof material to construct the fungus bed, straw conversion is promoted, and the land utilization rate under the forest or the photovoltaic panel is increased; the ganoderma lucidum liquid is inoculated to the fungus bed for light-shielding culture, so that growth of ganoderma lucidum is facilitated, straw can adsorb rich nutrients in the ganoderma lucidum liquid, and conversion of the straw into high-protein feed is accelerated. Therefore, according to the technical scheme, efficient utilization of resources is achieved, combination of photovoltaic power generation in reality and agricultural planting and cultivation is facilitated, different illumination areas and spaces under the photovoltaic panel are fully utilized, the industrial chain is lengthened, and economic benefits are increased; meanwhile, a lucid ganoderma industry chain is innovated, and agricultural modernization and sustainable development are promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of feed preparation, and in particular relates to a method for producing high-protein feed with medicinal and edible properties by utilizing biological bacteria and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] The treatment of straw and agricultural waste has always been a difficult problem in agricultural production, and traditional treatment methods often lead to resource waste and environmental pollution. Therefore, the development of efficient treatment technology to realize the resource utilization of straw has important economic and environmental significance. In addition, with the promotion of renewable energy, photovoltaic power generation has become an important way of energy utilization, but the land resources under traditional photovoltaic panels or under forests have not been reasonably and effectively utilized.

[0003] As a valuable medicinal fungus, Ganoderma lucidum has attracted extensive attention for its nutritional components and potential market. Ganoderma lucidum is widely considered to be a substance with both medicinal and edible properties. It has a variety of biologically active ingredients, such as polysaccharides, triterpenes, amino acids and trace elements, which are believed to help enhance immunity, resist oxidation, fight tumors, regulate blood sugar, etc. in traditional Chinese medicine. However, there is no comprehensive plan for land resource utilization and Ganoderma lucidum cultivation, which has resulted in a waste of land and agricultural waste resources. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and application of producing high-protein feed with medicinal and edible properties by using biological bacteria. The above scheme not only improves the utilization rate of land resources and agricultural waste resources, but also helps to improve the growth performance and meat quality of livestock and poultry.

[0005] The present invention provides a method for producing high-protein feed with medicinal and edible properties by using biological bacteria, comprising the following steps:

[0006] The straw is sterilized, washed and dried in sequence to obtain dried straw;

[0007] Laying waterproof material on the ground with a light shielding degree of 70% to 80%, laying the dried straw on the waterproof material and compacting it to obtain a mushroom bed;

[0008] Inoculating the Ganoderma lucidum liquid onto the bacterial bed for light-proof cultivation to obtain a bacterial bed containing mycelium;

[0009] The mycelium-containing fungus bed is crushed and dried to obtain a high-protein feed.

[0010] Preferably, the straw includes: one or more of rice straw, corn straw, wheat straw, bean stalk, peanut seedling, sweet potato vine, peanut shell, giant fungus grass, royal bamboo grass, Sudan grass and sweet elephant grass;

[0011] The length of the straw is 3 to 5 cm.

[0012] Preferably, the sterilization method includes: soaking the straw in lime water to obtain sterilized straw;

[0013] The soaking time is 20 to 30 hours; the mass concentration of the lime water is 8% to 15%.

[0014] Preferably, the Ganoderma lucidum culture liquid comprises: Ganoderma lucidum culture liquid; the dry mycelium constant weight of the Ganoderma lucidum culture liquid is 5g-10g / L.

[0015] Preferably, when the Ganoderma lucidum liquid is inoculated, the volume ratio of the Ganoderma lucidum liquid to the bacterial bed is 3-5 L: 1 m 3 ;

[0016] The thickness of the mushroom bed is 15 to 25 cm.

[0017] Preferably, the temperature of the light-proof culture is 15-30° C.; the time of the light-proof culture is 7-14 days; and the humidity of the light-proof culture is 70%-80%.

[0018] The present invention provides a high-protein feed obtained by the preparation method described in the above technical solution, wherein the particle size of the high-protein feed is 1 to 2 cm;

[0019] The moisture content of the high-protein feed is 12% to 15%.

[0020] The present invention provides the use of the high-protein feed obtained by the preparation method described in the above technical scheme in improving the growth performance of livestock and poultry and / or the quality of livestock and poultry meat.

[0021] The present invention provides a method for improving the growth performance of livestock and poultry and / or the quality of livestock and poultry meat, comprising the following steps:

[0022] The high-protein feed obtained by the preparation method described in the above technical solution is added to the basic daily diet to feed poultry and livestock.

[0023] Preferably, the amount of the high-protein feed added is 15% by mass of the basic diet;

[0024] The addition period of the high-protein feed includes one or more of the following: the starter period, the growth period and the fattening period.

[0025] Beneficial effects:

[0026] The present invention constructs a mushroom bed on the ground with a shading degree of 70% to 80%, which is beneficial to promoting straw conversion and improving the utilization rate of land under the forest and the land under the photovoltaic panel; and by inoculating the ganoderma lucidum liquid onto the mushroom bed for light-proof cultivation, it is not only beneficial to the growth of the ganoderma lucidum, but also beneficial to the straw absorbing the nutrients of the ganoderma lucidum, thereby accelerating the conversion of the straw into high-protein feed.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0028] Firstly, the present invention realizes efficient utilization of resources, is conducive to effectively combining photovoltaic power generation with agricultural planting and breeding in reality, makes full use of the areas and spaces with different light under the photovoltaic panels, lengthens the industrial chain and increases economic benefits;

[0029] Secondly, as a feed additive, Ganoderma lucidum blocks improve the nutritional value and flavor of poultry and livestock meat, which not only meets the demand of modern consumers for healthy food, but also facilitates the rapid conversion of straw, innovates the Ganoderma lucidum industry chain, and promotes agricultural modernization and sustainable development.

[0030] Based on the above technical effects, the present invention also provides a method for improving the growth performance of livestock and poultry and / or the quality of livestock and poultry meat, comprising the following steps: adding the high-protein feed obtained by the preparation method described in the above technical solution to the basic diet for feeding livestock and poultry. Experiments have shown that adding the high-protein feed provided by the present invention to the basic diet for feeding Wanxi white geese not only contributes to the growth of animal muscles and protein deposition, promotes animal growth performance, but also helps to improve the quality of animal meat. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments are briefly introduced below.

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the rainproof arch shed for mushroom beds provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the mushroom bed rainproof arch shed provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention provides a method for producing high-protein feed with medicinal and edible properties by using biological bacteria, comprising the following steps:

[0035] Sterilize, rinse and air-dry the straw in sequence to obtain air-dried straw; lay waterproof material on the ground with a light shielding degree of 70% to 80%, lay the air-dried straw on the waterproof material and compact it to obtain a fungus bed; inoculate the Ganoderma lucidum fungus liquid onto the fungus bed for light-proof cultivation to obtain a fungus bed containing mycelium; crush and dry the fungus bed containing mycelium to obtain a high-protein feed;

[0036] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the methods and reagents used are conventionally selected.

[0037] The present invention preferably crushes the crop straw to obtain crushed straw. In the present invention, the crop straw preferably includes: one or more of rice straw, corn straw, wheat straw, bean stalk, peanut seedling, sweet potato vine, peanut shell, giant fungus grass, royal bamboo grass, Sudan grass and sweet elephant grass, more preferably including rice straw, corn straw or wheat straw; when the components of the straw are multiple, there is no special requirement for the components of each straw. The crushed straw of the present invention is preferably 3 to 5 cm in length.

[0038] After obtaining the crushed straw, the present invention sterilizes the crushed straw to obtain sterilized straw. In the present invention, the sterilization method is preferably: soaking the crushed straw in lime water to obtain sterilized straw; the lime water preferably uses water as a solvent and quicklime as a solute; the mass concentration of the lime water is preferably 8% to 15%, more preferably 10%; the soaking time is preferably 20 to 30 hours, more preferably 24 hours; sterilization by the above method is conducive to killing pathogens and insect eggs in the straw.

[0039] After obtaining the sterilized straw, the present invention sequentially rinses and dries the sterilized straw to obtain dried straw. The present invention preferably rinses the sterilized straw with water until the lime water in the straw is completely rinsed away.

[0040] The present invention selects a ground with a shading degree of 70% to 80%, and lays a waterproof material on the ground. In the present invention, the waterproof material is preferably a plastic film, which is conducive to preventing water loss; the ground is preferably located under the photovoltaic panel or the ground under the woods, and the shading degree only needs to meet the corresponding requirements.

[0041] After laying the waterproof material, the present invention spreads the dried straw on the waterproof material and compacts it to obtain a fungus bed. In the present invention, there is no special requirement for the paving method, and the dried straw is laid flat and compacted; when the dried straw is laid flat, the thickness is preferably 15 to 25 cm, more preferably 20 cm. By laying the straw of appropriate thickness, it is beneficial to the subsequent cultivation of fungi.

[0042] After obtaining the bacterial bed, the present invention inoculates the Ganoderma lucidum liquid onto the bacterial bed. In the present invention, the Ganoderma lucidum liquid preferably includes: red Ganoderma lucidum liquid; there is no special requirement for the preparation method of the Ganoderma lucidum liquid, preferably healthy and fresh Ganoderma lucidum is used as the original species, and the Ganoderma lucidum liquid with a dry mycelium constant weight of 5g to 10g / L is preferably obtained, and the dry mycelium constant weight is more preferably 8g / L. The culture medium for culturing the Ganoderma lucidum liquid preferably uses water as a solvent, and also includes the following components: glucose 10 to 25g / L, peptone 4 to 10g / L, MgSO4·7H2O 1 to 2g / L, KH2PO4 1 to 2g / L and vitamin B1 0.01 to 0.02g / L; the pH of the culture medium is 5 to 6. Since Ganoderma lucidum mycelium contains polysaccharides, proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, cellulose and antioxidant components, it is beneficial to promote the release of high-protein feed functions.

[0043] When the Ganoderma lucidum liquid is inoculated in the present invention, the volume ratio of the Ganoderma lucidum liquid to the bacterial bed is preferably 3-5 L: 1 m 3 During inoculation, it is preferred to spray the Ganoderma lucidum liquid evenly onto the bacterial bed, and ensure that the Ganoderma lucidum liquid is in full contact with the bacterial bed, which is beneficial to the subsequent cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum strains.

[0044] After the inoculation, the present invention preferably performs light-proof cultivation on the inoculated fungus bed to obtain a fungus bed containing hyphae. In the present invention, the light-proof cultivation method is preferably: covering the inoculated fungus bed with a black weed-proof cloth and fixing the weed-proof cloth around. The present invention has no special requirements for the covering method, and the fungus bed is completely covered; in a specific embodiment of the present invention, when fixing the black weed-proof cloth around, it is preferred to use soil to press the black weed-proof cloth around; there is no special requirement for the source of the black weed-proof cloth and the soil, and the technology well known in the art can be used. When the light-proof cultivation is performed, the temperature of the light-proof cultivation is preferably 15-30°C, more preferably 25°C; the time of the light-proof cultivation is preferably 7-14d, more preferably 12d; the humidity of the light-proof cultivation is preferably 70%-80%. During the light-proof cultivation, it is preferred to set up a rainproof shed to reduce the impact of moisture on the hyphae, and at the same time it is beneficial to maintain the humidity in the rainproof shed at 60%-80%; after the light-proof cultivation is performed in the above manner, it can be seen that the fungus bed is covered with white hyphae.

[0045] After obtaining the mycelium-containing bed, the present invention sequentially crushes and dries the mycelium-containing bed to obtain a high-protein feed. There are no special requirements for the crushing and drying methods of the present invention, as long as a high-protein feed with a particle size of 1 to 2 cm and a moisture content of 12% to 15% is obtained.

[0046] The present invention provides a high-protein feed obtained by the preparation method described in the above technical scheme.

[0047] The present invention provides the use of the high-protein feed obtained by the preparation method described in the above technical scheme in improving the growth performance of livestock and poultry and / or the quality of livestock and poultry meat.

[0048] The present invention provides a method for improving the growth performance of livestock and poultry and / or the quality of livestock and poultry meat, comprising the following steps: adding the high-protein feed obtained by the preparation method described in the above technical solution to the basic diet for feeding livestock and poultry. The addition amount of the high-protein feed of the present invention is preferably 15% by mass of the basic diet; the addition period of the high-protein feed preferably includes one or more of the starter stage, the growth stage and the fattening stage, and more preferably the starter stage, the growth stage and the fattening stage.

[0049] Experiments have shown that applying the high-protein feed provided by the present invention to livestock feed can significantly improve the quality of livestock and poultry meat.

[0050] In order to further illustrate the present invention, the method and application of producing high-protein feed with medicinal and edible properties by using biological bacteria provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but they should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] A method for producing high-protein feed with medicinal and edible properties by using biological bacteria, comprising the following steps:

[0053] (1) Preparation of Ganoderma lucidum liquid: Select healthy and fresh red Ganoderma lucidum strains, inoculate them into liquid culture medium for cultivation in a sterile environment, wherein the liquid culture medium uses water as a solvent and contains the following components: 25 g / L glucose, 10 g / L peptone, 2 g / L MgSO4·7H2O, 2 g / L KH2PO4 and 0.02 g / L vitamin B1; the pH of the culture medium is 5-6; after cultivation, a red Ganoderma lucidum liquid with a constant weight of dry mycelium of 8 g / L is obtained and set aside;

[0054] (2) Preparation of straw: lime powder and water are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 1:10 to obtain lime water for later use;

[0055] The corn stalks are crushed to obtain crushed stalks with a diameter of 3 to 5 cm; the crushed stalks are completely immersed in lime water for 24 hours for sterilization, after the sterilization is completed, the stalks are thoroughly rinsed with clean water and excess lime water is removed, and then the stalks are placed in a well-ventilated place to dry, and dried stalks are obtained for standby use;

[0056] (3) Construction of mushroom bed: Select the scattered light area of ​​the photovoltaic panel (the shading degree of this area is 70% to 80%), and lay a layer of clean plastic film on the ground of the scattered light area to prevent moisture loss;

[0057] The dried straw in step (2) is evenly spread out on a plastic film and compacted to form a mushroom bed, ensuring that the thickness of the mushroom bed is about 20 cm;

[0058] (4) Inoculation: Spray the red Ganoderma lucidum culture solution prepared in step (1) evenly onto the bacterial bed prepared in step (3), with the volume ratio of culture solution to bacterial bed being 3-5 L: 1 m 3 , to ensure that the red ganoderma lucidum liquid is in full contact with the mushroom bed; after the inoculation is completed, a black weed-proof cloth is covered on the mushroom bed, and a layer of soil is pressed around the black weed-proof cloth to fix the mushroom bed for light-proof cultivation; in addition, a rainproof arch shed is built above the mushroom bed (the height of the rainproof arch shed is 1.2 meters and the width is 2.25 meters), and the humidity in the rainproof arch shed is maintained at 50% to 60% (see the schematic diagram of the rainproof arch shed for the mushroom bed Figure 1 ; The cross section of the rainproof arch shed of the mushroom bed is shown in Figure 2 ).

[0059] (5) Cultivation in the dark and post-processing: Cultivation in the dark: Cultivation at 25-30°C and humidity of 70%-80% for 10 days to obtain a mushroom bed containing white mycelium, which covers the entire mushroom bed. The mushroom bed is crushed and dried in turn to obtain a high-protein feed with a length of 1-2 cm and a moisture content of 12%-15%.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] The difference from Example 1 is that in step (3), the mushroom bed is constructed below the rubber forest, and the shading degree of this area is 70% to 80%.

[0062] Example 3

[0063] The difference from Example 1 is that the type of straw is rice straw (ie, rice straw).

[0064] Comparative Example 1

[0065] A method for preparing straw feed, comprising the following steps:

[0066] Mix lime powder and water in a mass ratio of 1:10 to obtain lime water for later use;

[0067] The corn stalks were crushed to obtain pulverized stalks with a diameter of 3 to 5 cm; the crushed stalks were completely immersed in lime water for 24 hours for sterilization. After the sterilization was completed, the stalks were thoroughly rinsed with clean water and excess lime water was removed. The stalks were then placed in a well-ventilated place to dry, and the dried stalks were left to stand for 10 days.

[0068] The nutrient content of the high-protein feed and straw feed prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 was tested respectively. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0069] Table 1 Nutrient content of high protein feed in different treatments

[0070] project Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Protein content of fermented straw 13.0％ 12.2％ 11.3％ 5％

[0071] It can be seen from Table 1 that after adopting the technical solution provided by the present application, the protein content in the straw is greatly improved, and the protein component is mainly derived from the protein of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium, which is beneficial for subsequent feeding of animals.

[0072] Application Example 1

[0073] The high-protein feed prepared in Example 1 was added to the Wanxi white goose feed, and 500 goslings were selected for feeding for 90 days. The feed formulas at different stages were as follows:

[0074] (1) During the gosling period (1 to 20 days old), the feed formula is: fresh forage grass, the high-protein feed prepared in Example 1, goose brooding compound feed (crude protein content ≥ 20%) and wheat bran are mixed in a mass ratio of 50:15:25:10; among them, the fresh forage grass is giant fungus grass, which is cut and kneaded into small segments of 0.5 to 1 cm for the goslings to eat conveniently.

[0075] (2) During the growth period (21 to 60 days of age), the feed formula is as follows: fresh forage grass, the high-protein feed prepared in Example 1, the goose compound feed (crude protein content ≥ 16%) and corn flour are mixed in a mass ratio of 65:15:10:10; among them, the fresh forage grass is giant fungus grass, which is cut and kneaded into small segments of 1 to 2 cm for the goslings to eat conveniently.

[0076] (3) Feed formula during fattening period (61-90 days before slaughter): The feed formula is: fresh forage grass, high-protein feed prepared in Example 1, fattening goose compound feed (crude protein content ≥ 14%) and corn flour are mixed in a mass ratio of 45:15:20:20.

[0077] Application Example 2

[0078] The batches and feeding environment of the goslings are the same as those in Application Example 1, the only difference is that the corn stalks in Comparative Example 1 are used to replace the high-protein feed prepared in Example 1 in the different feed formulas in Application Example 1; secondly, there are 50 goslings in Application Example 2.

[0079] The average body weight of the Wanxi white geese in Application Examples 1 and 2 was counted at 20 days, 60 days and 90 days of age, and the protein content of the dry meat of the Wanxi white geese in Application Examples 1 and 2 was counted at 90 days of age. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0080] Table 2 Effects of different treatments on the growth performance of Wanxi white geese

[0081] project Application Example 1 Application Example 2 Average weight at 20 days of age 800g 680g Average weight at 60 days 3.4kg 2.8kg Average weight at 90 days 6.7kg 5.4kg Protein content of goose breast 22.9％ 19.2％

[0082] It can be seen from Table 1 and Table 2 that after the straw is converted into high-protein feed using Ganoderma lucidum liquid, the high-protein feed can provide high-quality protein for the growth period of Wanxi white geese, which is beneficial to the improvement of the protein content of Wanxi white goose meat. Therefore, when the goose is released after 90 days, the protein content of goose meat is 22.9%. It can be seen that the high-protein feed provided by the present invention is conducive to the growth of animal muscles and the deposition of protein, which is not only beneficial to promoting animal growth performance, but also beneficial to improving the quality of animal meat.

[0083] In summary, the technical solution of the present invention is conducive to the effective combination of photovoltaic power generation in reality with agricultural planting and breeding, making full use of the areas and spaces with different lighting under the photovoltaic panels, lengthening the industrial chain and increasing economic benefits; at the same time, it improves the nutritional value and flavor of poultry and livestock meat, which not only meets the demand of modern consumers for healthy food, but also is conducive to the rapid conversion of straw.

[0084] Although the above embodiment describes the present invention in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for producing high-protein feed with medicinal and edible properties by using biological bacteria, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The straw is sterilized, washed and dried in sequence to obtain dried straw; Laying waterproof material on the ground with a light shielding degree of 70% to 80%, laying the dried straw on the waterproof material and compacting it to obtain a mushroom bed; Inoculating the Ganoderma lucidum liquid onto the bacterial bed for light-proof cultivation to obtain a bacterial bed containing mycelium; The mycelium-containing fungus bed is crushed and dried to obtain a high-protein feed.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The straw includes: one or more of rice straw, corn straw, wheat straw, bean stalk, peanut seedling, sweet potato vine, peanut shell, giant fungus grass, royal bamboo grass, Sudan grass and sweet elephant grass; The length of the straw is 3 to 5 cm.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The sterilization method includes: soaking the straw in lime water to obtain sterilized straw; The soaking time is 20 to 30 hours; the mass concentration of the lime water is 8% to 15%.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The ganoderma lucidum liquid comprises: red ganoderma lucidum liquid; The constant weight of dry mycelium of the Ganoderma lucidum liquid is 5g-10g / L.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: When the Ganoderma lucidum liquid is inoculated, the volume ratio of the Ganoderma lucidum liquid to the bacterial bed is 3-5 L: 1 m 3 ; The thickness of the mushroom bed is 15 to 25 cm.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The temperature of the light-proof culture is 15-30° C.; the time of the light-proof culture is 7-14 days; and the humidity of the light-proof culture is 70%-80%.

7. The high-protein feed obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The particle size of the high-protein feed is 1 to 2 cm; The moisture content of the high-protein feed is 12% to 15%.

8. Use of the high-protein feed obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in improving the growth performance of livestock and poultry and / or the quality of livestock and poultry meat.

9. A method for improving the growth performance of livestock and poultry and / or the quality of livestock and poultry meat, characterized in that: The steps include: The high-protein feed obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is added to the basic diet to feed poultry and livestock.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The amount of the high-protein feed added is 15% by weight of the basic diet; The addition period of the high-protein feed includes one or more of the following: the starter period, the growth period and the fattening period.

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