Skin trepanning and line drawing auxiliary device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of aircraft assembly, and relates to a skin trepanning and line drawing auxiliary device which comprises a center searching assembly, a first supporting arm, a second supporting arm, a circumferential position adjusting assembly and a carving needle clamping ring. The centroid searching assembly is used for determining the centroid of the existing hole; a circumferential position adjusting assembly is mounted on a center shaft of the center searching assembly; one end of the first support arm is connected with the circumferential position adjusting assembly, and the other end is connected with one end of the second support arm; according to the relative position relation between an existing hole and a to-be-opened hole, the first supporting arm is adjusted to be parallel to the connecting line of the two holes through the circumferential position adjusting assembly, then the carving needle clamping ring is adjusted to be on the contour line of the to-be-opened hole, and the contour line of the to-be-opened hole is carved through the carving needle clamping ring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of aircraft assembly and relates to a skin opening and marking auxiliary device. Background Art

[0002] During the aircraft assembly process, it is necessary to drill holes in the aircraft skin. For standard hole sizes, a hole drill is currently used. The specific process is as follows: first use the drill bit to find the center of the hole to be drilled on the skin, then position the circle of the hole drill to the center of the produced circle, start the hole drill, and then the circular hole of the skin can be processed.

[0003] For openings in special locations, it is necessary to use a tooling template to draw lines and open holes. The template has relevant positioning references, which are used to position it on the aircraft skin. On-site operators then draw lines and open holes on the skin according to the hole shape on the drill template.

[0004] For conventional skin hole drilling, the on-site operator uses a compass. After determining the hole center and hole radius, the compass is used to directly draw lines on the aircraft skin to drill the hole.

[0005] For the openings in the skin where there is a pad, the openings on the pad can be used directly when making the holes. After the pad is accurately positioned, the holes can be directly penetrated into the skin according to the openings made on the pad.

[0006] The first method of using a hole drill to make holes has the advantage of rapid processing. For standard holes, the relevant hole drill bits can be directly used for processing with high processing speed and precision. The disadvantage is that the center of the hole position needs to be determined before making the hole, and the hole making is limited by the hole drill size and the relevant standards of the hole drill. For holes of certain special sizes, if there is no hole drill of corresponding specifications, this method cannot be used. The second method of using a tooling template to make holes has the advantage of high hole making precision and good adaptability. Special hole templates can be customized for different hole sizes and hole positions. The disadvantage is that the processing cycle of the hole template is long and the processing cost is high. For assembled aircraft parts or components, the template is not easy to install when there is no jig positioning. The third method of drilling holes manually using a compass has the advantage of good adaptability, and can quickly determine the location size of the hole and its own size for different positions of the skin and different holes. The disadvantage is that the use of a compass requires the determination of the center of the hole, and the compass cannot be used for holes whose centers have been made. If manual line drawing is used here, the on-site operator needs to draw the circular hole by manual fitting, and the quality of the hole is subject to the line drawing level of the on-site operator. The fourth method of using a pad to drill holes combines the advantages of using a drilling template to drill holes. The pad itself is both a component of the aircraft itself and can be used as a template for drilling holes. Since it is a component of the aircraft itself, its manufacturing cost and processing time do not need to be increased. At the same time, its disadvantages are also significant. This type of drilling method can only be used for holes with pads. It cannot be used for skin holes without pads or when the pad itself needs to be assembled and coordinated. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of using a compass when manually drawing lines on aircraft skins, and to provide a drawing device for finding the geometric centroid of rectangular holes, circular holes and triangular holes that have been opened on the curved or flat surface of an aircraft and determining the radius of a newly opened circular hole.

[0008] Technical Solution

[0009] A skin opening and marking auxiliary device comprises: a centering component, a first support arm, a second support arm, and a needle clamp ring;

[0010] The centroiding component is used to determine the centroid of an existing hole;

[0011] One end of the first arm is connected to the central axis of the centering assembly, and the other end is connected to one end of the second arm, and the second arm is slidably connected to the engraving needle clamp ring;

[0012] According to the relative position relationship between the existing hole and the hole to be opened, the first arm is adjusted to be parallel to the line connecting the two holes, and then the engraving needle clamp is adjusted to the contour line of the hole to be opened, and the contour line of the hole to be opened is engraved by the engraving needle clamp.

[0013] Further, the centering assembly includes: a center axis, a positioner, and N identical legs;

[0014] The positioner is sleeved on the central axis and slides along the central axis;

[0015] The positioner is provided with N connecting rods which are respectively hinged to the rear ends of the N legs;

[0016] The front ends of the N legs are respectively hinged with a buckle, and the buckle is used to engage with the edge of the existing hole.

[0017] Furthermore, all of the N legs are telescopic legs.

[0018] Furthermore, N is not less than 3, which is used to find the center of the circular hole and the triangular hole.

[0019] Furthermore, N is not less than 4, which is used to find the center of rectangular holes and irregular polygons.

[0020] Further, N=4; the centering assembly further comprises: a middle locator and a lower locator, a middle transfer rod and a lower transfer rod;

[0021] The middle positioner is symmetrically provided with two middle connecting rods, one end of the two middle connecting rods is respectively hinged to one end of two middle transfer rods, and the other ends of the two middle transfer rods are respectively hinged to the middle parts of the two legs;

[0022] The lower positioner is symmetrically provided with two lower connecting rods, one end of the two lower connecting rods is respectively hinged to one end of the two lower transfer rods, and the other ends of the two lower transfer rods are respectively hinged to the middle parts of the other two legs;

[0023] The middle connecting rod and the lower connecting rod are arranged in a cross shape.

[0024] Furthermore, it also includes: a circumferential positioning component, which is composed of a knob and a positioner. After the centering component is positioned, the circumferential positioning component fixes one end of the first arm.

[0025] Furthermore, the first arm and the second arm are provided with scales; the first arm and the second arm are connected via an adapter, the adapter is slidably connected to the first arm, and the second arm is hinged to the adapter and can rotate in the vertical direction.

[0026] Furthermore, the first arm and the second arm are straight arms.

[0027] Furthermore, the first arm and the second arm are curved arms.

[0028] Beneficial effects: It can adapt to different requirements for the size of the skin openings. When the center of the newly made hole is within the range of the already made circular hole, triangular hole and rectangular hole, the device can be used to determine the center of the already made hole, and the first arm of the device itself can be used to determine the offset of the center of the hole to be made compared to the center of the currently made hole, and at the same time determine the center position of the hole to be made. The second arm is used to determine the radius of the hole to be made, and finally the engraving needle is used to draw the outline of the hole to be made on the aircraft skin. The device can help the on-site operator draw the opening of the aircraft skin, so that the operator does not have to use the fitting method to determine the outline of the opening, so that the quality of the opening of the aircraft skin is less dependent on the operator's skill level. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] The present invention includes 20 drawings, and the drawings and the descriptions of the drawings are as follows:

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the device structure under the rectangular centroid condition;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the device structure under circular and triangular centroid conditions;

[0032] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the device structure under the polygonal centroid condition;

[0033] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the locator on the rectangle;

[0034] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the locator pin in a rectangle;

[0035] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the rectangular lower locator;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the inner leg;

[0037] Figure 8 The diagram of the upper leg is shown below;

[0038] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the middle leg;

[0039] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the lower leg;

[0040] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the buckle;

[0041] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the pin shaft;

[0042] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the curved support arm;

[0043] Fig.14 The following is a schematic diagram of the knob;

[0044] Fig.15 This is a schematic diagram of the arc surface support arm clamp;

[0045] Fig.16 is a schematic diagram of the ruler;

[0046] Fig.17 It is a engraving needle clamp;

[0047] Fig.18 It is a schematic diagram of the circular and triangular centroid locator;

[0048] Fig.19 It is a schematic diagram of the plane support arm;

[0049] Fig. 20 Schematic diagram of the plane support arm clamp. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] In certain specific situations after the assembly of aircraft parts and components, such as modification, quality problems, new system holes, skin damage, etc., it is necessary to quickly open holes in the aircraft skin. At present, the handling of such problems is usually carried out by operators manually drawing lines. The operator first draws the opening on the inner or outer surface of the fuselage skin. For common circular holes, a compass is usually used to draw lines on the fuselage skin. However, if the center of the circle of the newly made skin opening is within the range of the currently opened holes, the ordinary circle rule cannot determine the center of the circle. If the manual fitting method is used, the quality of the opening is limited by the skill level of the operator, and the quality of the produced skin opening is unstable. If the hole is opened by the tooling template, it is limited by the processing time and processing cost of the tooling template. When it comes to small batches of multi-type skin openings, the method of using tooling templates often has high economic and time costs, which is not conducive to reducing production costs.

[0051] The present invention improves and expands the manual hole-making method of the operator, and overcomes the situation that the center of the circle of the newly made hole has been made when using a compass to draw a line to make a hole, and the compass cannot determine the center of the circle.

[0052] The present invention provides an auxiliary device for marking lines on an aircraft skin opening, wherein the device is fixed to a hole on the aircraft skin through legs and buckles. The device has an opening in the middle of a locator to allow a support arm to pass through, and the support arm can move up and down along the central circular hole of the locator to adapt to different hole sizes. One side of the support arm has a score line, and the reference of the score line of the support arm is the centroid of the currently made opening. The score line on the support arm is used to determine the offset of the circular hole to be made compared with the centroid of the currently made opening. The support arm is provided with a snap ring on the side with the score line, and the snap ring can move on the support arm. The end of the support arm on this side has a protrusion for limiting the snap ring to prevent the snap ring from separating from the support arm. A rotating shaft is provided below the snap ring for the ruler to rotate and drive the scale needle snap ring to draw a contour on the aircraft skin. The device can work on a plane and a curved surface respectively by replacing different support arms. At the same time, the device can find the centroid of the opening at a circular hole, a triangular hole and a rectangular opening by replacing different locators and work based on the found centroid.

[0053] like Figure 1 As shown, a line drawing device is provided for finding the geometric centroid of rectangular holes, circular holes and triangular holes that have been opened on the curved or flat surfaces of aircraft and determining the radius of new holes, wherein the support arms have two specifications, one for curved surfaces and the other for flat surfaces. The two ends of the support arms for flat surfaces are perpendicular, and the curvature of one end of the support arms for curved surfaces is the same as that of the surface to be processed, and the other end is perpendicular to the surface to be processed. The positioner has two sets of working conditions. The first working condition uses four legs and is suitable for determining the centroid of rectangles. The second working condition uses three legs and is suitable for determining the centroid of circular and triangular openings. The device for determining the centroid of rectangles under the working condition is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it consists of the following components, including 1 rectangular upper locator No. 1, 1 rectangular middle locator No. 2, 1 rectangular lower locator No. 3, 4 inner legs No. 4, 4 upper legs No. 5, 4 middle legs No. 6, 4 lower legs No. 7, 4 buckles No. 8, 4 pins No. 9, 1 arcuate support arm No. 10, 2 knobs No. 11, 1 arcuate support arm retaining ring No. 12, 1 ruler No. 13, and 1 engraving needle retaining ring No. 14.

[0054] Item 1: Figure 4 As shown, the rectangular upper locator is suitable for determining the working condition of the rectangular centroid. Its side has four rotating shafts connected to four legs. The legs can rotate around their rotating shafts. There is an opening in the center of the rectangular upper locator for the support arm to pass through.

[0055] Item 2: Figure 5 As shown, the rectangular center locator is suitable for determining the working condition of the rectangular centroid. Its side has two rotating shafts connected to two inner legs, and the inner legs can rotate up and down around them. There is an opening in the center of the rectangular center locator for the support arm to pass through.

[0056] Item 3: Figure 6As shown, the rectangular lower locator is suitable for determining the working condition of the rectangular centroid. Its side has two rotating shafts connected to the two inner legs, and the inner legs can rotate up and down around them. There is an opening in the center of the rectangular middle locator for the support arm to pass through.

[0057] Item 4: Figure 7 As shown, one side of the inner leg is connected to the middle and lower positioners of the rectangle, and the other side is connected to the middle leg. Rectangles of different lengths and widths can be determined by rotating up and down.

[0058] Item 5: Figure 8 As shown, the upper leg has one end connected to the rectangular upper locator and the other end surface has a protrusion that can be embedded in the middle leg for the limiting function.

[0059] Item 6: Fig. 9 As shown, the middle leg, together with the upper leg and the lower leg, forms a leg, one side of which has a groove and a protrusion for the leg limiting function, and the other side is connected to the inner leg.

[0060] Item 7: Fig.10 As shown, the lower leg has a groove on one side for limiting the position with the middle leg, and the other end is connected to the buckle through a pin.

[0061] Item 8: Fig.11 As shown, the buckle has an inner surface connected to the inner surface of the hole that has been made.

[0062] Item 9: Fig.12 As shown, the pin passes through the leg and the buckle.

[0063] Item 10: Fig.13 As shown, the curved support arm is suitable for curved surface working conditions. The scale portion thereof is curved and can be processed into different curvatures to adapt to the shape of aircraft skins of different sizes.

[0064] Item 11: Fig.14 As shown, the knob is used to connect with the engraving needle clamp, the arc support arm clamp, and the plane support arm clamp, and plays a fixing role.

[0065] Item 12: Fig.15 As shown, the arc surface support arm clamping ring, whose clamping ring part and the arc surface support arm part have the same curvature, is used to determine the distance of the circle to be drilled relative to the centroid of the current drilled hole, and there is a rotating shaft below it for the scale to rotate.

[0066] Item 13: Fig.16 As shown, the ruler has engraved lines on its upper surface, which can be used for the engraving needle clamp to move and determine the radius of the circular hole to be made.

[0067] Item 14: Fig.17As shown, the engraving needle clamp is connected to the ruler through a knob, and its rear end is sharp. After the size and position of the hole are determined, the hole position can be engraved on the skin surface.

[0068] The device for determining the centroid of a circle or triangle is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, most of its components are the same as those of the device under the rectangular centroid working condition, except that its positioner is replaced by the circular and triangular centroid working condition positioner No. 1-1, reducing the number of legs to 3; the arm is replaced by No. 10-1, and the arc arm clamp is replaced by a flat arm clamp.

[0069] Item 1-1: Fig.18 As shown, circular and triangular centroid working condition locators.

[0070] Item 10-1: Fig.19 As shown, the planar support arm has two vertical ends.

[0071] Item 12-1: Fig. 20 As shown, the plane support arm clamp has no curvature on the inner side and fits the plane support arm.

[0072] Embodiment 1

[0073] When the device is used for circular holes and triangular holes, as shown in the attached Figure 2 As shown, the centering component uses three legs to fit with the wall of a circular hole or a triangular hole to determine the centroid of the opened hole.

[0074] Embodiment 2

[0075] When the application condition of the device is rectangular, as shown in the attached Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the centroiding component uses four legs to fit the hole wall of the rectangular hole. The legs can be extended to adapt to rectangles of different lengths and widths. The component also includes a middle locator and a lower locator. The lengths of the connecting rods of the middle locator and the lower locator are different. When the rectangle is a square, the heights of the middle locator and the lower locator can be adjusted to meet the use requirements and determine the centroid of the opened hole; when the application condition of the device is a polygon, as shown in the figure, Figure 3 As shown, the centroid of the opened hole is determined by using positioners with the same number of connecting rods as the number of sides of the polygon and using the same number of legs to meet the use requirements.

[0076] Embodiment 3

[0077] When the device is applied to a curved surface, the curved support arm and the corresponding adapter can be replaced to meet the requirements of the curved surface.

[0078] The working method of the device can be divided into four parts. The first part locates the centroid of the hole that has been opened on the skin, the second part determines the offset of the center of the hole to be made relative to the current centroid, the third part determines the radius of the hole to be made, and the fourth part determines the outline of the hole to be opened on the fuselage skin.

[0079] The first part of the work is to determine the centroid, wherein the leg is connected to the buckle and the locator and can rotate with them separately. The locator is connected to the leg, and the leg can rotate on the rotating shaft of the locator. Before use, the three parts of the leg need to be slid to ensure that the lengths of all legs are consistent. The above parts of the mechanism are used to determine the centroid of the opening that has been made in the aircraft skin. The inner edge of the buckle contacts the edge of the skin opening, and its single-sided inner surface contacts the outer surface of the skin. When the locator moves up and down, the leg can be opened and closed under the drive of the locator. When the buckle outside the leg contacts the inner edge of the skin opening, the spatial position of the locator can be determined, and the center point of the locator is the centroid of the opening currently contacted by the buckle. At this time, the centroid determination is completed.

[0080] The second part of the work is to determine the offset of the center of the hole to be made relative to the current centroid. The arm is connected to the locator through the circular hole in the center of the locator, and the arm can move in the up and down directions inside the circular hole of the locator to accommodate openings of different sizes. When the opening is larger, the distance between the locator and the skin is smaller, and the distance between the arm and the locator at the angle is smaller. When the opening is smaller, the distance between the locator and the skin is larger, and the distance between the arm and the locator at the angle is larger. There is a ruler on the upper end of the arm, and the retaining ring on the arm can move on the ruler. When the buckle moves on the ruler, the scale corresponding to its front end is the offset of the center of the hole to be made relative to the current centroid.

[0081] The third part of the work is to determine the radius of the hole to be made. The shaft below the clamp on the arm is coaxial with a ruler, and the ruler can rotate around the shaft. The ruler also has a clamp, which is connected to the engraved needle below. The clamp can move on the ruler, and the value corresponding to its front end is the radius of the hole to be made.

[0082] The fourth part of the work is to determine the outline of the hole to be opened on the fuselage skin; after determining the radius of the hole to be made and its offset relative to the currently made hole and ensuring that the tip of the engraving needle contacts the surface of the fuselage skin, you can use the knobs on the arm clamp and the ruler clamp to fix the two clamps on the arm and the ruler. At this time, rotate the ruler, and the outline line drawn on the fuselage skin by the engraving needle is the hole to be made.

Claims

1. A skin opening line drawing auxiliary device, characterized in that: include: Centering assembly, first arm, second arm, engraving needle clamp; The centroiding component is used to determine the centroid of an existing hole; One end of the first arm is connected to the central axis of the centering assembly, and the other end is connected to one end of the second arm, and the second arm is slidably connected to the engraving needle clamp ring; According to the relative position relationship between the existing hole and the hole to be opened, the first arm is adjusted to be parallel to the line connecting the two holes, and then the engraving needle clamp is adjusted to the contour line of the hole to be opened, and the contour line of the hole to be opened is engraved by the engraving needle clamp.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The centering assembly includes: a center axis, a positioner and N identical legs; The positioner is sleeved on the central axis and slides along the central axis; The positioner is provided with N connecting rods which are respectively hinged to the rear ends of the N legs; The front ends of the N legs are respectively hinged with a buckle, and the buckle is used to engage with the edge of the existing hole.

3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The N legs are all telescopic legs.

4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that: N is not less than 3 and is used to find the center of circular holes and triangular holes.

5. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that: N is not less than 4 and is used to find the center of rectangular holes and irregular polygons.

6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that N=4; the centering assembly also includes: a middle locator and a lower locator, a middle transfer rod and a lower transfer rod; The middle positioner is symmetrically provided with two middle connecting rods, one end of the two middle connecting rods is respectively hinged to one end of two middle transfer rods, and the other ends of the two middle transfer rods are respectively hinged to the middle parts of the two legs; The lower positioner is symmetrically provided with two lower connecting rods, one end of the two lower connecting rods is respectively hinged to one end of the two lower transfer rods, and the other ends of the two lower transfer rods are respectively hinged to the middle parts of the other two legs; The middle connecting rod and the lower connecting rod are arranged in a cross shape.

7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that Also includes: Circumferential positioning assembly; The circumferential positioning assembly is composed of a knob and a positioner. After the centering assembly is positioned, the circumferential positioning assembly fixes one end of the first arm.

8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The first arm and the second arm are provided with scales; the first arm and the second arm are connected through an adapter, the adapter is slidably connected to the first arm, and the second arm is hinged to the adapter and can rotate with the vertical direction as the axis.

9. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The first arm and the second arm are straight arms.

10. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that The first arm and the second arm are curved arms.

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