A Low-Interference Atmospheric Parameter Measurement System and Method

Abstract

A low-interference atmospheric parameter measurement system and method are disclosed, relating to the field of aerodynamic characteristic measurement technology, specifically a low-interference atmospheric parameter measurement system and method. To achieve a smaller, lighter atmospheric parameter measurement system capable of high-speed sampling and real-time calculation, this invention provides the following solution: a differential pressure sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor, a circuit board, and a housing; the differential pressure sensor is soldered to a corresponding mounting interface on the circuit board; the atmospheric pressure sensor is soldered to a corresponding mounting interface on the circuit board; the housing encapsulates and protects the circuit board. This invention can be used not only for real-time flight performance evaluation and control system feedback loops, but also for optimizing aircraft aerodynamic design and verifying the accuracy of wind tunnel test results.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aerodynamic characteristic measurement technology, specifically to a low-interference atmospheric parameter measurement system and method. Background Technology

[0002] In modern aeronautical engineering, the technology for measuring aerodynamic characteristics is built upon the long-standing and increasingly mature principles of airflow measurement. With advancements in sensor materials and design, as well as rapid progress in electronic technology and computer science, modern aerodynamic parameter measurement can now provide accurate and stable measurement data even in harsh flight environments.

[0003] Early aerodynamic measurements typically relied on relatively simple mechanical devices, such as pitot tubes and hydrostatic orifices. Today, aerodynamic probe technology integrates various sensors, such as piezoelectric sensors, thermocouples, and velocity sensors, as well as advanced data acquisition systems. These technologies play a crucial role in modern aerospace engineering, providing vital data support for aircraft design and performance optimization.

[0004] However, when it comes to flight measurement and control, higher reliability, more compact structure and wider environmental adaptability are required, which puts forward higher requirements for aerodynamic measurement technology. How to achieve smaller size, lighter weight and high-speed sampling and real-time calculation while ensuring high accuracy remains a challenge for existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To achieve a smaller and lighter design for atmospheric parameter measurement systems, this invention provides the following solution:

[0006] A low-interference atmospheric parameter measurement system, the system comprising: a differential pressure sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor, a circuit board, and a housing;

[0007] The differential pressure sensor is soldered to the corresponding mounting interface of the circuit board;

[0008] The atmospheric pressure sensor is soldered to the corresponding mounting interface of the circuit board;

[0009] The outer casing protects the circuit board;

[0010] The circuit board includes: a main control chip, a differential pressure sensor interface circuit, an atmospheric pressure sensor interface circuit, a communication serial port circuit, an external flash circuit, an ISP interface circuit, and a debugging interface circuit.

[0011] The differential pressure sensor interface circuit is used to convert the differential pressure data collected by the differential pressure sensor into a differential pressure digital signal, and send the differential pressure digital signal to the main control chip;

[0012] The atmospheric pressure sensor interface circuit is used to convert the atmospheric pressure data collected by the atmospheric pressure sensor into a digital atmospheric pressure signal, and send the digital atmospheric pressure signal to the main control chip.

[0013] The main control chip is used to process the differential pressure digital signal and the atmospheric pressure digital signal to obtain angle of attack, sideslip angle, dynamic pressure, static pressure and airspeed data;

[0014] The communication serial port circuit is used to enable data transmission between the main control chip and external devices;

[0015] The external flash circuit is used to store the data required for the operation of the main control chip;

[0016] The ISP interface circuit is used to download programs to the main control chip;

[0017] The debugging interface circuit is used to perform performance analysis on the main control chip.

[0018] Furthermore, the circuit board also includes a linear voltage regulator circuit;

[0019] The linear voltage regulator circuit is used to stabilize the voltage of the circuit board.

[0020] Furthermore, the measurement system also includes: a communication interface, a power interface, and a sensor measurement interface;

[0021] The communication interface, the power interface, and the sensor measurement interface are all mounted on the housing.

[0022] Furthermore, the circuit board also includes: a reset circuit, a crystal oscillator circuit, a filter and voltage regulator circuit, and an indicator light circuit;

[0023] The reset circuit is used to control the main control chip to perform initialization and reset operations;

[0024] The crystal oscillator circuit is used to provide a clock signal to the main control chip;

[0025] The filtering and voltage regulation circuit is used to filter and regulate the power supply of the main control chip;

[0026] The indicator light circuit is used to display the status of the main control chip.

[0027] Furthermore, the length of the outer shell is less than 120mm, the width is less than 50mm, and the thickness is less than 30mm.

[0028] Furthermore, the differential pressure sensor has 10 channels, and the atmospheric pressure sensor has 1 channel.

[0029] Furthermore, the differential pressure sensor interface circuit has 10 interfaces, and the atmospheric pressure sensor interface circuit has 1 interface.

[0030] Furthermore, a method for measuring low-interference atmospheric parameters, the method comprising:

[0031] S1, the low-interference atmospheric parameter measurement system is powered on, and the main control chip reads the data from the external flash circuit to perform system initialization;

[0032] S2, the low-interference atmospheric parameter measurement system enters a waiting state, waiting for external control commands;

[0033] S3, the low-interference atmospheric parameter measurement system receives external control commands through the communication serial port circuit;

[0034] S4, the main control chip performs corresponding operations according to the external control instructions;

[0035] S5, the main control chip receives the differential pressure digital signal and the atmospheric pressure digital signal, and performs filtering processing;

[0036] S6, the main control chip performs calculations on the differential pressure digital signal and the atmospheric pressure digital signal to obtain angle of attack, sideslip angle, dynamic pressure, static pressure and airspeed data;

[0037] S7, the main control chip uploads the angle of attack, sideslip angle, dynamic pressure, static pressure and airspeed data to the flight control system through the communication serial port circuit;

[0038] S8: If the main control chip receives an external stop command, it returns to S2; otherwise, it returns to S4.

[0039] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention can be used as a device for acquiring airflow direction and velocity, possessing the capability to acquire 10 channels of differential pressure signals and 1 channel of atmospheric pressure signals. It features small size, light weight, rapid sampling, and real-time calculation, with a data acquisition frequency reaching 500Hz and a calculation frequency reaching 100Hz. The calculated output parameters such as angle of attack, sideslip angle, dynamic pressure, static pressure, and airspeed are used to provide relevant flight parameters to the flight control system in real time. This invention can be used for airflow measurement in aircraft, UAVs, and wind tunnel tests, capturing the airflow characteristics around or on the surface of the aircraft. It can be used not only for real-time flight performance evaluation and control system feedback loops, but also for optimizing aircraft aerodynamic design and verifying the accuracy of wind tunnel test results.

[0040] This invention integrates 10 differential pressure sensors and 1 atmospheric pressure sensor on a circuit board, resulting in a compact structure and small size. The circuit board is encapsulated in a metal shell, which provides high system rigidity to protect the circuit board while also providing a certain degree of electromagnetic isolation and shielding.

[0041] This invention relates to airflow measurement devices and systems for aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and wind tunnel testing, focusing on capturing airflow characteristics around or on the surface of an aircraft, including parameters such as velocity, pressure, and temperature. These technologies are crucial not only for real-time flight performance evaluation, feedback loops in control systems, and safe flight, but also for optimizing aircraft aerodynamic design and the accuracy of wind tunnel test results. Aerodynamic characteristic measurement technology is an important branch of aeronautical engineering, integrating knowledge and techniques from numerous disciplines such as mechanical design, fluid mechanics, sensing technology, and signal processing. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall low-interference atmospheric parameter measurement system.

[0043] Figure 2 Circuit diagram of a low-interference atmospheric parameter measurement system;

[0044] Figure 3 PCB design diagram (top layer) for a low-interference atmospheric parameter measurement system;

[0045] Figure 4 PCB design diagram (bottom layer) for a low-interference atmospheric parameter measurement system;

[0046] Figure 5 Design drawing of the housing for a low-interference atmospheric parameter measurement system;

[0047] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the embedded program architecture for a low-interference atmospheric parameter measurement system;

[0048] Reference numerals: 1. Differential pressure sensor; 2. Atmospheric pressure sensor; 3. Circuit board; 4. Housing; 31. Main control chip; 32. Differential pressure sensor interface circuit; 33. Atmospheric pressure sensor interface circuit; 34. Communication serial port circuit; 35. External flash circuit; 36. Linear voltage regulator circuit; 37. ISP interface circuit; 38. Debugging interface circuit; 311. Reset circuit; 312. Crystal oscillator circuit; 313. Filtering and voltage regulation circuit; 314. Indicator light circuit; 41. Communication interface; 42. Power interface; 43. Sensor measurement interface. Detailed Implementation

[0049] Example 1: Combination Figure 1-5 This embodiment describes a low-interference atmospheric parameter measurement system, which includes: a differential pressure sensor 1, an atmospheric pressure sensor 2, a circuit board 3, and a housing 4.

[0050] The differential pressure sensor 1 is soldered to the corresponding mounting interface of the circuit board 3;

[0051] The atmospheric pressure sensor 2 is soldered to the corresponding mounting interface of the circuit board 3;

[0052] The outer casing 4 encapsulates and protects the circuit board 3;

[0053] Specifically, the overall structure of the low-interference atmospheric parameter measurement system is as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0054] The circuit board 3 includes: a main control chip 31, a differential pressure sensor interface circuit 32, an atmospheric pressure sensor interface circuit 33, a communication serial port circuit 34, an external flash circuit 35, an ISP interface circuit 37, and a debugging interface circuit 38.

[0055] The differential pressure sensor interface circuit 32 is used to convert the differential pressure data collected by the differential pressure sensor 1 into a differential pressure digital signal, and send the differential pressure digital signal to the main control chip 31;

[0056] The atmospheric pressure sensor interface circuit 33 is used to convert the atmospheric pressure data collected by the atmospheric pressure sensor 2 into an atmospheric pressure digital signal, and send the atmospheric pressure digital signal to the main control chip 31.

[0057] The main control chip 31 is used to process the differential pressure digital signal and the atmospheric pressure digital signal to obtain angle of attack, sideslip angle, dynamic pressure, static pressure and airspeed data;

[0058] The communication serial port circuit 34 is used to enable the main control chip 31 to transmit data with external devices.

[0059] The external flash circuit 35 is used to store the data required for the operation of the main control chip 31;

[0060] The ISP interface circuit 37 is used to download programs to the main control chip 31;

[0061] The debugging interface circuit 38 is used to perform performance analysis on the main control chip 31.

[0062] The circuit board 3 also includes a linear voltage regulator circuit 36;

[0063] The linear voltage regulator circuit 36 ​​is used to stabilize the voltage of the circuit board 3.

[0064] Specifically, through Figure 2 The circuit schematic of this invention can be understood through... Figure 3 and Figure 4 This allows you to understand the layout of each component on the PCB board designed based on the schematic.

[0065] The differential pressure sensor interface circuit 32 and the atmospheric pressure sensor interface circuit 33 are connected to the SPI bus and the main control chip. The SPI bus protocol is used to control each sensor. The external flash circuit 35 shares a dedicated SPI bus with the main control chip to achieve high-speed data exchange with the flash memory chip. The communication serial port circuit 34 is connected to the serial port bus of the main control chip. The serial port bus drives the communication serial port circuit 34 to transmit and interact with commands and data.

[0066] The program downloaded to the ISP interface circuit 37 is a conventional technique in this field.

[0067] The measurement system also includes: a communication interface 41, a power interface 42, and a sensor measurement interface 43;

[0068] The communication interface 41, the power interface 42, and the sensor measurement interface 43 are all mounted on the housing 4.

[0069] To ensure the normal operation of the main control chip 31 and to resolve unexpected faults, the circuit board 3 also includes: a reset circuit 311, a crystal oscillator circuit 312, a filter and voltage regulator circuit 313, and an indicator light circuit 314.

[0070] The reset circuit 311 is used to control the main control chip 31 to perform initialization and reset operations;

[0071] The crystal oscillator circuit 312 is used to provide a clock signal to the main control chip 31;

[0072] The filtering and voltage regulation circuit 313 is used to filter and regulate the power supply of the main control chip 31.

[0073] The indicator light circuit 314 is used to display the status of the main control chip 31.

[0074] Specifically, the indicator light circuit 314 uses the brightness and flashing of LEDs of different colors to indicate the system's power-on status and program execution status.

[0075] like Figure 5 As shown, the housing design of the low-interference atmospheric parameter measurement system adopts a split housing design, with only upper and lower housings that have high rigidity, while also providing communication interfaces, power interfaces and sensor measurement interfaces. The overall outer envelope is less than 120mm*50mm*30mm.

[0076] The differential pressure sensor 1 has 10 channels, and the atmospheric pressure sensor 2 has 1 channel.

[0077] The differential pressure sensor interface circuit 32 has 10 interfaces, and the atmospheric pressure sensor interface circuit 33 has 1 interface.

[0078] Example 2 provides a measurement method based on the above-described low-interference atmospheric parameter measurement system, the method comprising:

[0079] S1, the low-interference atmospheric parameter measurement system is powered on, and the main control chip 31 reads the data from the external flash circuit 35 to perform system initialization;

[0080] S2, the low-interference atmospheric parameter measurement system enters a waiting state, waiting for external control commands;

[0081] S3, the low-interference atmospheric parameter measurement system receives external control commands through the communication serial port circuit 34;

[0082] S4, the main control chip 31 performs corresponding operations according to the external control instructions;

[0083] S5, the main control chip 31 receives the differential pressure digital signal and the atmospheric pressure digital signal, and performs filtering processing;

[0084] S6, the main control chip 31 performs calculations on the differential pressure digital signal and the atmospheric pressure digital signal to obtain angle of attack, sideslip angle, dynamic pressure, static pressure and airspeed data;

[0085] S7, the main control chip 31 uploads the angle of attack, sideslip angle, dynamic pressure, static pressure and airspeed data to the flight control system through the communication serial port circuit 34;

[0086] S8, if the main control chip 31 receives an external stop command, it returns to S2; otherwise, it returns to S4.

[0087] Specifically, such as Figure 6 As shown, the sensor's calibration and correction parameters, as well as the calculated data, are stored in the external flash circuit 35. During system operation, the SPI bus protocol is used to enable the sensor, the main control chip 31, and the external flash circuit 35 to exchange data and commands. The timer interrupt method is used to control the sensor data sampling period, and DMA + serial port is used to realize data transmission to save CPU time. External control commands control the main control chip 31 through serial port interrupts.

[0088] For the low-interference atmospheric parameter measurement system described in this invention, the number of its 10 differential pressure sensors and 1 atmospheric pressure sensor can be arbitrarily configured to meet different needs and calculate the required flight parameters. Taking the most common airspeed measurement as an example, only one differential pressure sensor needs to be configured to measure the pressure difference ΔP between the inner and outer tubes, and then the airspeed can be calculated using the following formula:

[0089]

[0090] In the formula, ρ is the atmospheric density.

[0091] Although the invention has been described with reference to a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand from the foregoing description that other embodiments are conceivable within the scope of the invention described herein. Furthermore, it should be noted that the language used in this specification has been chosen primarily for readability and instructional purposes, and not for the purpose of interpreting or limiting the subject matter of the invention. Therefore, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the appended claims. The disclosure of the invention is illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A low-interference atmospheric parameter measurement system, characterized in that, The system includes: a differential pressure sensor (1), an atmospheric pressure sensor (2), a circuit board (3), and a housing (4); The differential pressure sensor (1) is soldered to the corresponding mounting interface of the circuit board (3); The atmospheric pressure sensor (2) is soldered to the corresponding mounting interface of the circuit board (3); The outer casing (4) encapsulates and protects the circuit board (3); The circuit board (3) includes: a main control chip (31), a differential pressure sensor interface circuit (32), an atmospheric pressure sensor interface circuit (33), a communication serial port circuit (34), an external flash circuit (35), an ISP interface circuit (37), and a debugging interface circuit (38); The differential pressure sensor interface circuit (32) is used to convert the differential pressure data collected by the differential pressure sensor (1) into a differential pressure digital signal and send the differential pressure digital signal to the main control chip (31); The atmospheric pressure sensor interface circuit (33) is used to convert the atmospheric pressure data collected by the atmospheric pressure sensor (2) into an atmospheric pressure digital signal and send the atmospheric pressure digital signal to the main control chip (31). The main control chip (31) is used to process the differential pressure digital signal and the atmospheric pressure digital signal to obtain angle of attack, sideslip angle, dynamic pressure, static pressure and airspeed data; The communication serial port circuit (34) is used to enable the main control chip (31) to transmit data with external devices; The external flash circuit (35) is used to store the data required for the operation of the main control chip (31); The ISP interface circuit (37) is used to download programs to the main control chip (31); The debugging interface circuit (38) is used to perform performance analysis on the main control chip (31).

2. The low-interference atmospheric parameter measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circuit board (3) also includes a linear voltage regulator circuit (36); The linear voltage regulator circuit (36) is used to stabilize the voltage of the circuit board (3).

3. The low-interference atmospheric parameter measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The measurement system also includes: a communication interface (41), a power interface (42), and a sensor measurement interface (43); The communication interface (41), the power interface (42), and the sensor measurement interface (43) are all mounted on the housing (4).

4. The low-interference atmospheric parameter measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circuit board (3) also includes: a reset circuit (311), a crystal oscillator circuit (312), a filter and voltage regulator circuit (313), and an indicator light circuit (314); The reset circuit (311) is used to control the main control chip (31) to perform initialization and reset operations; The crystal oscillator circuit (312) is used to provide a clock signal to the main control chip (31); The filtering and voltage regulation circuit (313) is used to filter and regulate the power supply of the main control chip (31); The indicator light circuit (314) is used to display the status of the main control chip (31).

5. The low-interference atmospheric parameter measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer shell (4) has a length of less than 120 mm, a width of less than 50 mm, and a thickness of less than 30 mm.

6. The low-interference atmospheric parameter measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The differential pressure sensor (1) has 10 channels, and the atmospheric pressure sensor (2) has 1 channel.

7. The low-interference atmospheric parameter measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are 10 differential pressure sensor interface circuits (32) and 1 atmospheric pressure sensor interface circuit (33).

8. The measurement method of a low-interference atmospheric parameter measurement system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The method includes: S1, the low-interference atmospheric parameter measurement system is powered on, and the main control chip (31) reads the data from the external flash circuit (35) to perform system initialization; S2, the low-interference atmospheric parameter measurement system enters a waiting state, waiting for external control commands; S3, the low-interference atmospheric parameter measurement system receives external control commands through the communication serial port circuit (34); S4, the main control chip (31) performs corresponding operations according to the external control instructions; S5, the main control chip (31) receives the differential pressure digital signal and the atmospheric pressure digital signal, and performs filtering processing; S6, the main control chip (31) performs calculations on the differential pressure digital signal and the atmospheric pressure digital signal to obtain angle of attack, sideslip angle, dynamic pressure, static pressure and airspeed data; S7, the main control chip (31) uploads the angle of attack, sideslip angle, dynamic pressure, static pressure and airspeed data to the flight control system through the communication serial port circuit (34); S8, if the main control chip (31) receives an external stop command, it returns to S2; otherwise, it returns to S4.

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