Method for planting cherry tomatoes based on straw in-situ returning to field and application

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a method for planting cherry tomatoes based on straw in-situ field returning and application. The method comprises the following steps: crushing a crop of cherry tomato plants in a greenhouse, spreading the crushed cherry tomato plants on the ground, spreading a straw-decomposing inoculant, deeply plowing, irrigating, covering a film, closing the greenhouse, spreading wormcast after closing the greenhouse, pre-dripping 15-20 days before field planting, irrigating field planting water after field planting of cherry tomato seedlings on ridges, and spreading rice husks between rows after one month of field planting. The in-situ straw returning can significantly increase the leaf length, the leaf width, the leaf area and the chlorophyll content of cherry tomatoes. The in-situ straw returning can significantly reduce the fruit setting node position of the first ear, and significantly increase the fruit setting number of the single ear and the weight of the single fruit. The number of root systems can be obviously increased by returning the straw to the field in situ; the soil quick-acting phosphorus content is obviously increased. In conclusion, the straw in-situ returning-to-field technology is widely popularized and applied in the tomato production of the solar greenhouse.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, and in particular to a method and application of planting cherry tomatoes based on in-situ return of straw to fields. Background Art

[0002] Due to the continuous increase in demand, the continuous increase in fertilizer input and long-term continuous cropping, coupled with the influence of high temperature and high humidity environment, continuous cropping obstacles such as the spread of pests and diseases, soil hardening, and nutrient imbalance are becoming increasingly prominent. Vegetable continuous cropping obstacle refers to the continuous planting of the same or the same crops on the same field. Even under good cultivation conditions, a series of adverse effects will occur. Such as weakened growth potential of vegetables, reduced yield, reduced quality, aggravated spread of soil diseases, and imbalance of nutrients in the soil. It is generally believed that the occurrence of continuous cropping obstacle is caused by multiple factors such as soil nutrient imbalance and crop self-toxicity.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a planting method that overcomes the obstacle of continuous cropping of cherry tomatoes. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method and application of planting cherry tomatoes based on returning straw in situ to the field. The present invention takes returning straw in situ as the research object and studies its effect on the growth, yield, quality, root system and basic soil nutrition of cherry tomatoes in solar greenhouses. It is expected to provide a theoretical basis for overcoming the obstacles of continuous cropping of cherry tomatoes in solar greenhouses and provide a technical reference for the promotion and application of the technology of returning straw in situ to the field.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a method for planting cherry tomatoes based on returning straw to the field in situ, comprising the following steps:

[0007] 1) Crush the cherry tomato plants from the previous crop in the greenhouse and spread them on the ground, apply straw compost and then deep plow, irrigate, cover with film and then seal the greenhouse;

[0008] The spreading thickness is 5 cm;

[0009] The usage amount of the straw composting agent is 2kg / mu;

[0010] The depth of deep plowing is more than 30 cm;

[0011] The time of the stuffy shed is 20 days;

[0012] 2) Apply earthworm manure after the greenhouse is sealed, pre-drip water 15-20 days before planting, irrigate after planting cherry tomato seedlings on the ridges, and lay rice husks between the rows one month after planting;

[0013] The application amount of the earthworm castings is 2000kg / mu;

[0014] The water consumption of the pre-drip is 5 to 10 cubic meters per mu;

[0015] The tomato cherry seedlings have a plant spacing of 20 cm and a planting density of 2100 plants / mu. Ridges are formed with a width of 160 cm, a height of 20 cm, a bottom width of 60 cm, and a top width of 50 cm.

[0016] The amount of water used for planting water is 10 to 12 cubic meters per mu;

[0017] Add earthworm enzyme stock solution to the planting water, and the application amount of the earthworm enzyme stock solution is 2kg / mu;

[0018] The thickness of the rice husk laying is 5 cm.

[0019] Preferably, the variety of cherry tomatoes includes Rungu Huangmeigui.

[0020] The present invention also provides the application of the method described in the above technical solution in promoting the growth of tomatoes and cherries.

[0021] Preferably, the growth indicators include: plant height, stem thickness, leaf length, leaf width and leaf area.

[0022] The present invention also provides the application of the method described in the above technical solution in increasing the chlorophyll content of tomatoes and cherries.

[0023] The present invention also provides the application of the method described in the above technical solution in increasing the yield of tomatoes and cherries.

[0024] Preferably, the yield is increased by increasing the number of fruits per ear and the weight of each fruit.

[0025] The present invention also provides the application of the method described in the above technical solution in increasing the root length of tomatoes and cherries.

[0026] The present invention also provides the application of the method described in the above technical solution in increasing the number of tomato and cherry root systems.

[0027] The present invention also provides application of the method described in the above technical solution in improving the available phosphorus content in soil.

[0028] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0029] (1) Returning straw to the field in situ can significantly increase the leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and chlorophyll content of cherry tomatoes.

[0030] (2) Returning straw to the field in situ can significantly reduce the fruit-setting node of the first ear and significantly increase the number of grains per ear and the weight of each fruit.

[0031] (3) Returning straw to the field in situ can significantly increase the number of roots and the content of available phosphorus in the soil.

[0032] To sum up, the straw in-situ return technology has been widely promoted and applied in the production of tomatoes in solar greenhouses. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments are briefly introduced below.

[0034] Figure 1 To study the effect of returning straw to the field in situ on plant height and stem thickness of cherry tomatoes in a solar greenhouse.

[0035] Figure 2 To study the effect of returning straw to the field in situ on the growth of cherry tomatoes in greenhouse.

[0036] Figure 3 To study the effect of returning straw to the field in situ on the yield of cherry tomatoes in solar greenhouse.

[0037] Figure 4 To study the effect of returning straw to the field in situ on the quality of cherry tomatoes in a solar greenhouse.

[0038] Figure 5 To investigate the effect of returning straw in situ on the root system of cherry tomatoes in a solar greenhouse. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention provides a method for planting cherry tomatoes based on returning straw to the field in situ, comprising the following steps:

[0040] 1) Crush the cherry tomato plants from the previous crop in the greenhouse and spread them on the ground, apply straw compost and then deep plow, irrigate, cover with film and then seal the greenhouse;

[0041] The spreading thickness is 5 cm;

[0042] The usage amount of the straw composting agent is 2kg / mu;

[0043] The depth of deep plowing is more than 30 cm;

[0044] The time of the stuffy shed is 20 days;

[0045] 2) Apply earthworm manure after the greenhouse is sealed, pre-drip water 15-20 days before planting, irrigate after planting cherry tomato seedlings on the ridges, and lay rice husks between the rows one month after planting;

[0046] The application amount of the earthworm castings is 2000kg / mu;

[0047] The water consumption of the pre-drip is 8 cubic meters per mu;

[0048] The tomato cherry seedlings have a plant spacing of 20 cm and a planting density of 2100 plants / mu. Ridges are formed with a width of 160 cm, a height of 20 cm, a bottom width of 60 cm, and a top width of 50 cm.

[0049] The amount of water used for planting water is 10 to 12 cubic meters per mu;

[0050] Add earthworm enzyme stock solution to the planting water, and the application amount of the earthworm enzyme stock solution is 2kg / mu;

[0051] The thickness of the rice husk laying is 5 cm.

[0052] In the present invention, the variety of cherry tomatoes preferably includes Rungu Huangmeigui. In the present invention, the straw composting agent is derived from Henan Wobao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the product model is Wobao straw composting agent. In the present invention, the earthworm manure is derived from Xinxiang Yinongda Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the product model is Yinongda earthworm manure organic fertilizer. In the present invention, the earthworm enzyme stock solution is derived from Xinxiang Yinongda Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the product model is Yinongda earthworm enzyme stock solution.

[0053] The present invention also provides the use of the method described in the above technical solution in promoting the growth of tomatoes and cherries. In the present invention, the growth index preferably includes: plant height, stem thickness, leaf length, leaf width and leaf area.

[0054] The present invention also provides the application of the method described in the above technical solution in increasing the chlorophyll content of tomatoes and cherries.

[0055] The present invention also provides the application of the method described in the above technical solution in increasing the yield of tomatoes and cherries. The present invention preferably increases the yield by increasing the number of fruits per ear and the weight of a single fruit.

[0056] The present invention also provides the application of the method described in the above technical solution in increasing the root length of tomatoes and cherries.

[0057] The present invention also provides the application of the method described in the above technical solution in increasing the number of tomato and cherry root systems.

[0058] The present invention also provides application of the method described in the above technical solution in improving the available phosphorus content in soil.

[0059] In order to further illustrate the present invention, the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] 1 Materials and methods

[0062] 1.1 Test materials

[0063] The test material was the tomato straw from the previous crop, and the straw compost was provided by Henan Wobao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the product model was Wobao Straw Compost.

[0064] The crop straw spread between the rows was rice husk, collected from the rice-growing area of ​​Yuanyang County. The vermicompost was produced by Xinxiang Yinongda Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the product model was Yinongda vermicompost organic fertilizer. The tomato variety used for the test was 'Rungu Yellow Rose', provided by Henan Rungu Technology Co., Ltd.

[0065] 1.2 Experimental design and basic information

[0066] The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of Henan Chunhua Qiushi Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. In late July 2022, the tomato plants of the previous crop were removed and crushed in the demonstration greenhouse, evenly spread 5 cm on the ground, and 2 kg of straw compost was evenly applied per mu of land. The land was deep-turned more than 30 cm, fully irrigated, covered with mulch, and sealed for 20 days.

[0067] After the greenhouse was sealed, the demonstration greenhouse used 2000kg / mu of earthworm manure for application, and ridges were made in the east and west directions. Rice husks were covered between the rows in the low temperature season. The control greenhouse used 1000kg / mu of sheep manure + 1000kg / mu of earthworm manure for application, and ridges were made in the south and north directions.

[0068] Install the drip irrigation system and lay the ground film 20 days before planting, carry out pre-drip watering, and control the water volume at 8 cubic meters per mu to ensure that the depth of the soil moist layer reaches 35-40cm.

[0069] Three days before planting, carefully clean the weeds in and around the greenhouse and cover all vents, doors and windows with 29-mesh insect-proof nets.

[0070] Planting was carried out on October 20, 2022. Ridges were formed with a width of 160 cm, a height of 20 cm, a bottom width of 60 cm, a top width of 50 cm, and single-row planting on the ridges with a spacing of 20 cm. The planting density per mu in the demonstration shed was about 2,100 plants, and the planting density per mu in the control shed was about 3,000 plants. The planting water should be evenly irrigated, with a water consumption of 12 cubic meters per mu. At the same time, the demonstration shed was applied with 2 kg / mu of "earthworm enzyme stock solution" (Xinxiang Yinongda Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) through the drip irrigation system to promote plant growth. After the beginning of spring, another drip irrigation was carried out with fertilizer to promote rooting and prevent premature aging.

[0071] One month after planting, rice husks were laid between the rows in the demonstration shed. The field management of the demonstration shed and the control shed was the same in the later stage, and the double-pole pruning method was used for plant adjustment.

[0072] Sampling was carried out on March 9 and April 9, 2023 to measure relevant indicators.

[0073] 1.3 Test item determination method

[0074] 1.3.1 Determination of growth indicators of cherry tomatoes

[0075] The plant height was measured from the cotyledon node at the base of the plant to the top growth point of the plant with a tape measure; the stem thickness was measured 2 cm above the cotyledon node with a vernier caliper; the functional leaves under the first ear of flowers (fruits) were selected, and their leaf length and width were measured with a tape measure, and the leaf area (S) was calculated according to the following formula.

[0076] S = R·(Lc×Lmax k), where S is the area of ​​a single leaf, R is the leaf area coefficient, Lc is the leaf length, and Lmax k is the maximum leaf width. The leaf area coefficient R value is shown in the formula

[0077]

[0078] The relative chlorophyll content was measured directly on the leaves under the flowers (fruits) of the third ear using a chlorophyll meter. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, with one plant in each repeat.

[0079] 1.3.2 Determination of cherry tomato yield index

[0080] The fruiting node of the first ear, the number of ears per plant, and the number of fruits per ear of the third ear were obtained by visual observation and counting. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, with 1 plant in each repeat. The single fruit weight refers to the weight of 18 ripe fruits randomly selected and weighed with an electronic balance, divided into 3 groups, and the average value was calculated.

[0081] 1.3.3 Determination of quality indicators of cherry tomatoes

[0082] The protein content was determined by Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 method, the vitamin C content of the fruit was determined by molybdenum blue colorimetry, and the soluble sugar content was determined by a sugar meter. Each treatment was replicated 3 times, with one plant in each replicate.

[0083] 1.3.4 Determination of root indexes of cherry tomatoes

[0084] For each treatment, three rows were randomly selected with three cherry tomatoes arranged diagonally in rows. The root lengths of the plants were measured with a tape measure, and the number of roots was obtained by counting.

[0085] 1.3.5 Determination of soil indicators

[0086] For each treatment, three rows were randomly selected in a diagonal row, and three soil samples were collected. After removing the plant roots, the basic physical and chemical properties of the soil were determined. Soil pH was determined by potentiometric method, soil organic matter was determined by potassium bicarbonate oxidation and external heating method, alkaline nitrogen was determined by alkaline diffusion method, available phosphorus was determined by 0.5 mol / L sodium bicarbonate extraction colorimetry, and available potassium was determined by 1 mol / L ammonium acetate extraction atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

[0087] 1.4 Data Analysis

[0088] The test data were calculated and sorted using Excel 2016, the data were analyzed using DPS software, and the charts were made using Excel 2016.

[0089] 2 Results and analysis

[0090] 2.1 Effect of returning straw to the field in situ on the growth of cherry tomatoes in solar greenhouse

[0091] 2.1.1 Effect of returning straw to the field in situ on plant height and stem thickness of cherry tomatoes in greenhouse

[0092] from Figure 1 It can be seen that the in situ straw return to the field treatment can promote the growth of plant height and stem diameter of cherry tomato plants. The measurement results on March 9 showed that neither of them reached a significant level. The measurement results on April 9 showed that the plant height of the demonstration shed was significantly higher than that of the control shed, while the difference in stem diameter growth was not significant.

[0093] 2.1.2 Effect of returning straw to the field in situ on the growth of cherry tomatoes in greenhouse

[0094] from Figure 2 As can be seen from A, B, and C, under the treatment of returning straw to the field in situ, the leaf length, leaf width, and leaf area of ​​cherry tomatoes in the demonstration shed increased to varying degrees compared with those in the control shed. The results of the measurement on March 9 showed that the leaf width and leaf area of ​​cherry tomatoes in the demonstration shed were significantly higher than those in the control shed, increasing by 39% and 83% respectively, while the increase in leaf length of cherry tomatoes was not significant, but it increased by 30% compared with the control shed. The measurement results on April 9 showed that the leaf length, leaf width, and leaf area of ​​cherry tomatoes in the demonstration shed were significantly higher than those in the control shed, increasing by 28%, 43%, and 76% respectively.

[0095] from Figure 2 As shown in Figure D, returning straw to the field in situ can promote the increase of chlorophyll content in cherry tomatoes. The test results on March 9 showed that the chlorophyll content of cherry tomatoes in the demonstration shed was significantly higher than that in the control shed, an increase of 13%. The test results on April 9 showed that there was no significant difference in the chlorophyll content of cherry tomatoes in the demonstration shed and the control shed, but it was 10% higher than that in the control shed.

[0096] 2.2 Effect of returning straw to the field in situ on the yield of cherry tomatoes in solar greenhouse

[0097] from Figure 3 As can be seen in Figure A, under the treatment of returning straw to the field in situ, the test results on March 9 and April 9 showed that the first ear of cherry tomatoes in the demonstration shed had a significantly lower fruiting node than that in the control shed, indicating that returning straw to the field in situ can significantly increase tomato yield. Figure 3As can be seen in B, the results of measuring the number of clusters per cherry tomato plant on March 9 and April 9 showed that the demonstration shed was slightly larger than the control shed, and the difference was not significant.

[0098] from Figure 3 As can be seen from C and D, under the treatment of returning straw to the field in situ, the number of grains per ear and the weight of single fruit of cherry tomatoes in the demonstration shed increased to varying degrees compared with those in the control shed. Among them, the measurement results on March 9 showed that the number of grains per ear and the weight of single fruit of cherry tomatoes in the demonstration shed were significantly higher than those in the control shed, an increase of 63% and 17% respectively. The measurement results on April 9 showed that the number of grains per ear and the weight of single fruit of cherry tomatoes in the demonstration shed were significantly higher than those in the control shed, an increase of 63% and 46% respectively.

[0099] It can be seen that returning straw to the field in situ can increase the yield of cherry tomatoes.

[0100] 2.3 Effect of returning straw to the field in situ on the quality of cherry tomatoes in greenhouse

[0101] from Figure 4 It can be seen that under the treatment of returning straw in situ to the field, the vitamin C content, soluble protein content, and soluble sugar content of cherry tomatoes in the demonstration shed were all lower than those in the control shed, but the difference was not significant. The reason may be that after returning straw in situ to the field, due to the combined effects of multiple factors such as nutrient supply, changes in soil physical and chemical properties, the impact on microbial activity, changes in crop growth environment, and the inhibition and toxicity of material accumulation by high-content salt ions in earthworm manure, the accumulation of nutrients in tomato fruits was affected. However, the specific reasons still need further analysis.

[0102] 2.4 Effect of returning straw to the field in situ on the root system of cherry tomatoes in greenhouse

[0103] from Figure 5 It can be seen that under the treatment of returning straw to the field in situ, the root length and root number of cherry tomatoes in the demonstration shed increased to varying degrees compared with the cherry tomatoes in the control shed. Among them, the measurement result of the root number reached a significant level, which increased by 30% compared with the control.

[0104] 2.5 Effect of returning straw to the field in situ on basic soil nutrients of cherry tomatoes in greenhouse

[0105] As can be seen from Table 1, under the treatment of returning straw in situ to the field, the soil pH in the demonstration shed was slightly higher than that in the control shed, with no significant difference. The contents of soil organic matter, alkaline nitrogen, and available potassium in the demonstration shed were lower than those in the control shed, which may be related to the vigorous growth of cherry tomatoes in the later stage, requiring more nutrients and consuming more of them. However, the content of available phosphorus in the soil in the demonstration shed was significantly higher than that in the control shed, indicating that returning straw in situ to the field can significantly increase the content of available phosphorus in the soil.

[0106] Table 1 Effect of returning straw in situ on basic soil nutrients of cherry tomatoes in greenhouse

[0107] deal with PH <![CDATA[Organic matter / g kg -1 > <![CDATA[Alkalytic nitrogen / mg kg -1 > <![CDATA[Available potassium / mg kg -1 > <![CDATA[Available phosphorus / mg kg -1 > Control shed 7.83a 9.67a 45.62a 150.03a 81.23b Demonstration Shed 7.85a 8.82b 37.20b 147.35a 118.80a

[0108] Note: Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p<0.05)

[0109] It can be concluded from the above embodiments that:

[0110] (1) Returning straw to the field in situ can significantly increase the leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and chlorophyll content of cherry tomatoes.

[0111] (2) Returning straw to the field in situ can significantly reduce the fruit-setting node of the first ear and significantly increase the number of grains per ear and the weight of each fruit.

[0112] (3) Returning straw to the field in situ can significantly increase the number of roots and the content of available phosphorus in the soil.

[0113] To sum up, the straw in-situ return technology has been widely promoted and applied in the production of tomatoes in solar greenhouses.

[0114] Although the above embodiment describes the present invention in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting cherry tomatoes based on returning straw to the field in situ, characterized in that: The steps are: 1) Crush the cherry tomato plants from the previous crop in the greenhouse and spread them on the ground, apply straw compost and then deep plow, irrigate, cover with film and then seal the greenhouse; The spreading thickness is 5 cm; The usage amount of the straw composting agent is 2kg / mu; The depth of deep plowing is more than 30 cm; The time of the stuffy shed is 20 days; 2) Apply earthworm manure after the greenhouse is sealed, pre-drip water 15-20 days before planting, irrigate after planting cherry tomato seedlings on the ridges, and lay rice husks between the rows one month after planting; The application amount of the earthworm castings is 2000kg / mu; The water consumption of the pre-drip is 5 to 10 cubic meters per mu; The tomato cherry seedlings have a plant spacing of 20 cm and a planting density of 2100 plants / mu. Ridges are formed with a width of 160 cm, a height of 20 cm, a bottom width of 60 cm, and a top width of 50 cm. The amount of water used for planting water is 10 to 12 cubic meters per mu; Add earthworm enzyme stock solution to the planting water, and the application amount of the earthworm enzyme stock solution is 2kg / mu; The thickness of the rice husk laying is 5 cm.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The varieties of cherry tomatoes include Rungu Yellow Rose.

3. Application of the method according to claim 1 or 2 in promoting the growth of tomatoes and cherries.

4. The use according to claim 3, characterized in that: The growth indicators include: plant height, stem thickness, leaf length, leaf width and leaf area.

5. Use of the method according to claim 1 or 2 in increasing the chlorophyll content of tomatoes and cherries.

6. Application of the method according to claim 1 or 2 in increasing tomato and cherry yields.

7. The use according to claim 6, characterized in that: Increase yield by increasing the number of grains per ear and the weight of each fruit.

8. Use of the method according to claim 1 or 2 in increasing the root length of tomatoes and cherries.

9. Use of the method according to claim 1 or 2 in increasing the number of tomato and cherry root systems.

10. Use of the method according to claim 1 or 2 in increasing the available phosphorus content in soil.

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