Pinellia ternate substrate cultivation method and Pinellia ternate cultivation substrate

Abstract

The invention discloses a pinellia ternate substrate cultivation method and a pinellia ternate cultivation substrate. The pinellia ternate substrate cultivation method comprises the steps that planting pits are dug in garden soil, the planting pits are filled with a compound substrate, then pinellia ternate seed stems are planted in the compound substrate, the compound substrate is covered with the garden soil, and watering is conducted after compaction. When the compound substrate is used for cultivating pinellia ternate, seed stems germinate quickly, the germination rate is high, the leaf area is large, petioles are thick, the total fresh weight, the underground fresh weight and the plant height are all higher than those of a traditional soil cultivation mode, and the yield and the quality of the pinellia ternate are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of plant planting and cultivation, and in particular to a substrate cultivation method for Pinellia ternata and a Pinellia ternata cultivation substrate. Background Art

[0002] As one of the famous Chinese medicinal materials, Pinellia ternata has high medicinal value and market demand. Pinellia ternata is a shallow-rooted plant that is very sensitive to environmental changes. In recent years, due to the destruction of the ecological environment and the impact of human activities, the number of wild populations of Pinellia ternata has continued to decline, while the market demand has continued to grow. However, due to the lack of scientific technical guidance and management, problems such as the degeneration of Pinellia ternata varieties, low yields, and poor quality have gradually become prominent, further exacerbating the contradiction between supply and demand.

[0003] In recent years, the cultivation of Pinellia ternata has mainly adopted the traditional field planting method, but continuous cropping obstacles often occur, that is, the disease becomes more serious, the yield decreases year by year, and the quality decreases year by year. The use of substrate cultivation method can provide a good and controllable growth environment for Pinellia ternata by replacing the substrate, which can overcome the continuous cropping obstacles of Pinellia ternata, avoid the occurrence of soil-borne diseases, and achieve stable or even increased yields of Pinellia ternata.

[0004] At present, the indoor substrate cultivation of Pinellia ternata is carried out by completely isolating the Pinellia ternata from the soil, that is, cultivating the Pinellia ternata in a culture container filled with only the substrate. However, this cultivation method requires a large amount of substrate on the one hand, and on the other hand, the water demand during the cultivation process is also relatively large due to the poor water retention effect of the substrate. Overall, if only the substrate is placed in the cultivation container, the production cost will increase relatively high. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the present application provides a substrate cultivation method for Pinellia ternata and a Pinellia ternata cultivation substrate. The technical solution is as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, a substrate cultivation method for Pinellia ternata is provided, comprising:

[0007] A planting pit is dug in the garden soil, the planting pit is filled with a composite matrix, and then the pinellia seed stems are planted in the composite matrix. The composite matrix is ​​then covered with the garden soil, compacted, and watered.

[0008] Furthermore, the compound matrix comprises, by volume ratio: peat: perlite: vermiculite: coconut bran: silicon fertilizer = (0-5): (0-3): (1-5): (0-2): (0-1).

[0009] Furthermore, the compound matrix comprises, by volume ratio: peat: perlite: vermiculite: coconut bran: silicon fertilizer = (0-5): (0-3): (1-2): (0-2): (0-1).

[0010] Furthermore, the compound matrix comprises, by volume ratio: peat: perlite: vermiculite: coconut bran: silicon fertilizer = (2-5): (0-3): (1-2): (0-2): (0-1).

[0011] Furthermore, the composite matrix comprises, by volume ratio, peat:vermiculite=2:1.

[0012] Furthermore, the composite matrix comprises, by volume ratio, peat: vermiculite: coconut bran = 2:1:1.

[0013] Furthermore, the composite matrix comprises, by volume ratio, peat:vermiculite=3:1.

[0014] Furthermore, the compound matrix includes, by volume ratio: peat: perlite: vermiculite: silicon fertilizer = 5:3:2:1.

[0015] Furthermore, the planting pit has a diameter of 8 cm and a depth of 8 cm.

[0016] Furthermore, the diameter of the Pinellia ternata seed stem is 0.6 cm.

[0017] Furthermore, the number of seeds planted is 10.

[0018] In a second aspect, a compound substrate for the cultivation of Pinellia ternata is provided, which comprises, by volume ratio, peat: perlite: vermiculite: coconut bran: silicon fertilizer = (0-5): (0-3): (1-2): (0-2): (0-1).

[0019] Furthermore, the composite matrix comprises, by volume ratio: peat:vermiculite=2:1.

[0020] The technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present application brings the beneficial effect that: the substrate cultivation method of the pinellia provided in the embodiment of the present application comprises: digging a planting pit in the garden soil, filling the planting pit with a composite matrix, and then planting the pinellia seed stem in the composite matrix, and then covering the composite matrix with the garden soil, compacting and watering. The composite matrix comprises, in volume ratio, peat: vermiculite = 2:1. The composite matrix of the present application is used to cultivate the pinellia, and the seed stem germinates quickly, has a high germination rate, a large leaf area, a thick petiole, a total fresh weight, an underground part fresh weight, and a plant height are all due to the traditional soil cultivation method, which greatly improves the yield and quality of the pinellia. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the cultivation method of Pinellia ternata provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a graph showing the growth of the Pinellia ternata seed stems provided in the examples of the present application after germination for 30 days in the CK group (garden soil);

[0024] Figure 3 The present application provides an example of the growth of the Pinellia ternata seed stems after germination for 30 days in the T7 (peat: vermiculite = 2:1) group. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the implementation methods of the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Example

[0027] (1) Materials and methods

[0028] 1.1 Test site conditions

[0029] This experiment was conducted in the plant morphology laboratory of the Hebei Province Soil-borne Disease Green Control Technology Innovation Center of Baoding University.

[0030] 1.2 Test materials

[0031] The large-leaf Pinellia seed stems used in this test were purchased from Anguo City, Baoding City.

[0032] 1.3 Substrate cultivation method

[0033] In this experiment, put an appropriate amount of garden soil in the flower pot, and then dig a small hole with a diameter of about 8cm and a depth of about 8cm in the center of the garden soil (such as Figure 1 As shown in the figure, different compound substrates were placed in the pits. This design can help the substrate retain moisture and reduce the number of watering during the cultivation process. Ten pinellia stems with a diameter of about 0.6 cm were planted in each pot of compound substrate. After being buried with the substrate, a thin layer of garden soil was covered on top of the compound substrate. After compaction, it was watered thoroughly. The cultivation and observation were carried out at 25°C, light / darkness of 14h / 8h, and light intensity of 2000-2500lux. Each treatment was repeated three times.

[0034] The present application only leaves a substrate filling space of 8 cm in diameter and 8 cm in depth in the cultivation container, which greatly reduces the amount of substrate used, that is, saves the capital investment in substrate cultivation; since a large amount of garden soil is filled in the cultivation container, it helps the substrate to maintain humidity, reduces the amount of watering, and saves the capital investment in substrate cultivation. At the same time, the test conditions in the laboratory can simulate the growth environment of Pinellia ternata in the field to a greater extent, making the test results more credible.

[0035] 1.4 Design of compound matrix

[0036] The experiment used peat, vermiculite, perlite, coconut bran and silicon fertilizer as the main raw materials, and garden soil as the control (CK group). The design of the specific compound matrix is ​​shown in Table 1.

[0037] Table 1 Volume ratio of different compound matrix

[0038]

[0039] (2) Test methods

[0040] 2.1 Determination of growth indicators

[0041] A. Germination time

[0042] The earliest germination time of the Pinellia ternata seed stems in each treatment group was recorded, and the number of cultivation days when the seed stems germinated was calculated. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0043] B. Germination rate

[0044] After 30 days of cultivation, the number of germinations of the tubers of Pinellia ternata in each treatment group was recorded, and the germination rate was calculated. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0045] Germination rate = (number of germinated tubers / number of tested tubers) × 100%

[0046] Table 2 Effects of different compound substrates on germination of Pinellia ternata

[0047]

[0048] Note: Different lowercase letters after the data in the same column in the table indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level.

[0049] As shown in Table 2, after 19 days of cultivation, the seed stems of Pinellia ternata began to germinate one after another. The fastest germination was in CK, T2, T6-T10, T14-T17, and the latest germination was in T11. The germination rate of the seed stems was ranked from high to low as T7>T14>T17>T9>T8>T12>T18>T15>T13>T10>T6>T18>T2>T3>T4>T11>T5>T1>CK. In general, the seed stems of the T7 group germinated quickly and had the highest germination rate, reaching 100%. Although the seed stems of the CK group germinated quickly, the germination rate was the lowest, only 10.00±9.17%. Except for the 5 groups of T3-T5, T11, and T1, there was no significant difference with the CK group, and there were significant differences with the remaining 15 groups. It can be seen that the T7 group (peat: vermiculite = 2:1) is most conducive to the germination of Pinellia ternata, and is significantly higher than the CK group.

[0050] C. Leaf area

[0051] After germination for 30 days, all functional leaves were selected from each treatment group and leaf area was measured using a leaf area meter. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0052] D. Plant height and petiole thickness

[0053] After germination for 30 days, the plant height of all the Pinellia ternata in each treatment group was measured with a ruler, and the petiole diameter of all the Pinellia ternata was measured with an electronic vernier caliper. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0054] E. Determination of fresh weight

[0055] After germination for 30 days, the whole plant of Pinellia was taken out, the surface soil or substrate was washed off, and the surface moisture was absorbed with filter paper. The fresh weight of the whole plant of Pinellia and the fresh weight of the underground part were weighed with a balance. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0056] Table 3 Effects of different compound substrates on the growth indicators of Pinellia ternata

[0057]

[0058]

[0059] Note: Different lowercase letters after the data in the same column in the table indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level.

[0060] As shown in Table 3, for leaf area, the top 5 from high to low are T7>T9>T8>T6>T17, among which there is no significant difference among the first three groups T7, T9, and T8, but the T7 group is significantly higher than the T6 and T17 groups, and the bottom 5 are T16>T2>CK>T5>T1, all significantly lower than T7, T9, and T8, among which the T1 group is significantly lower than the other 18 groups. For total fresh weight, the top 5 from high to low are T8>T7>T3>T17>T4, with no significant difference among the groups, and the bottom 5 are T16>CK>T11>T5>T1, among which T1 is significantly lower than the other 18 groups. For the fresh weight of the underground part, the top 5 from high to low are T14>T17>T7>T9>T15, with no significant difference among the groups, and the bottom 5 are T3>T11>T5>CK>T1, all significantly lower than the top 5. For petiole thickness, the top 5 from high to low were T9>T12>T8>T7>T14, with no significant difference among the groups, and the bottom 5 were T4>T5>CK>T2>T1, all significantly lower than the top 5. For plant height, the top 5 from high to low were CK>T6>T7>T13>T15, with no significant difference among the groups, and the bottom 5 were T16>T5>T11>T18>T1, all significantly lower than the top 5, with the T1 group significantly lower than the other 18 groups.

[0061] In summary, among the five growth indices of total fresh weight, underground fresh weight, petiole diameter, leaf area and plant height, excluding plant height, the CK group ( Figure 2) are ranked in the last 5, indicating that the compound substrate cultivation method is better than the traditional soil culture method. By comparing the effects of different compound substrates on the five growth indicators of Pinellia ternata, the T8 group (peat: vermiculite = 3:1) ranked in the top 5 in leaf area, total fresh weight, and petiole diameter; the T9 group (peat: vermiculite: coconut bran = 2:1:1) ranked in the top 5 in leaf area, underground fresh weight, and petiole diameter; the T17 group (peat: perlite: vermiculite: silicon fertilizer = 5:3:2:1) ranked in the top 5 in leaf area, total fresh weight, and underground fresh weight; the T7 group (peat: vermiculite = 2:1) ( Figure 3 ) were all ranked in the top 5. It can be inferred that the T8 group (peat: vermiculite = 3:1), the T9 group (peat: vermiculite: coconut bran = 2:1:1), the T17 group (peat: perlite: vermiculite: silicon fertilizer = 5:3:2:1) and the T7 group (peat: vermiculite = 2:1) were all beneficial to the growth of Pinellia ternata, and the T7 group (peat: vermiculite = 2:1) Figure 3 ) is most conducive to the growth of Pinellia ternata. The T11 group (perlite: vermiculite = 1:1) ranked in the bottom 5 in terms of leaf area, total fresh weight, and underground fresh weight; the T16 group (peat: perlite: vermiculite = 5:3:2) ranked in the bottom 5 in terms of leaf area, total fresh weight, and plant height; the T1 group (vermiculite = 1) and the T5 group (vermiculite: silicon fertilizer = 5:1) ranked in the bottom 5 in terms of the five growth indicators. It can be inferred that group T11 (perlite: vermiculite = 1:1), group T16 (peat: perlite: vermiculite = 5:3:2), group T1 (vermiculite = 1) and group T5 (vermiculite: silicon fertilizer = 5:1) are all not conducive to the growth of Pinellia ternata, and among them, group T1 (vermiculite = 1) and group T5 (vermiculite: silicon fertilizer = 5:1) are the least conducive to the growth of Pinellia ternata.

[0062] This application adopts a new method for cultivating Pinellia tuber in substrate, which fully simulates the field growth environment of Pinellia tuber. By analyzing and comparing the effects of different composite substrate cultivation on the germination, growth index and physiological index of Pinellia tuber, composite substrate cultivation has obvious advantages compared with traditional soil cultivation. Especially the germination situation and growth index are significantly better than traditional soil cultivation. When the composite substrate is peat: vermiculite=2:1, the Pinellia tuber germinates fast, the germination rate is the highest, reaching 100%, and its leaf area is the largest. Total fresh weight, underground fresh weight, plant height and petiole thickness are all ranked in the top 5 of other composite substrates. In particular, the fresh weight of the underground part, i.e., the seed stem, which is an economic indicator, is significantly higher than the traditional soil cultivation method, which provides a strong theoretical support for the improvement of Pinellia tuber yield and quality.

[0063] 2.2 Determination of physiological indicators

[0064] 2.2.1 Chlorophyll content

[0065] The front side of three functional leaves were randomly selected from each pot for each treatment and measured with a chlorophyll meter. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0066] 2.2.2 Soluble protein content

[0067] 0.1 g of fresh functional leaves of Pinellia ternata were taken from each pot in each treatment, and the content of soluble protein was determined by Coomassie Brilliant Blue method. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0068] Table 4 Effects of different compound substrates on the physiological parameters of Pinellia ternata

[0069]

[0070] Note: Different lowercase letters after the data in the same column in the table indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level.

[0071] As shown in Table 4, for chlorophyll content, the order from high to low is T4>T8>T3>T7>CK>T1>T6>T12>T18>T9>T17>T15>T2>T13>T16>T11>T5>T10>T14, among which the CK group had no significant difference with the first four groups T4, T8, T3, and T7, but was significantly higher than the last four groups, namely T11, T5, T10, and T14. For soluble protein content, the order from high to low is T3>T1>T16>T2>T15>T6>T5>CK>T7>T14>T11>T12>T4>T13>T10>T9>T8>T17>T18. There was no significant difference between the CK group and the previous 7 groups, namely T3, T1, T16, T2, T15, T6, T5, and T7, but it was significantly higher than the last 10 treatment groups.

[0072] In summary, for the two physiological indices of chlorophyll content and soluble protein content of Pinellia ternata, the T3 group (vermiculite: silicon fertilizer = 3:1) was higher than the CK group, but there was no significant difference; the T7 group (peat: vermiculite = 2:1) had a higher chlorophyll content than the CK group, and a slightly lower soluble protein content than the CK group, but there was no significant difference. The T8 group had a higher chlorophyll content than the CK group, but a significantly lower soluble protein content than the CK group, and the two physiological indices of the T9 and T17 groups were lower than the CK group.

[0073] Chlorophyll is one of the key pigments for photosynthesis in plants, and its content directly affects the photosynthetic efficiency and growth of plants. Soluble protein is an important organic substance in plants and one of the important physiological and biochemical indicators in plants. It can reflect the metabolic strength of plants and the size of plant photosynthesis capacity. Most of the soluble proteins are various enzymes involved in plant physiological metabolic activities, which are important osmotic regulating substances, and plant stress resistance is positively correlated with its content. Compared with the traditional soil culture method, the chlorophyll content and soluble protein content of Pinellia ternata in the composite matrix cultivation in this application have increased, but the changes are not significant. It shows that the photosynthetic capacity and resistance of Pinellia ternata cultivated in the matrix have been improved, but the degree of improvement is not significant. This may be because Pinellia ternata is cultivated indoors, the lighting conditions cannot completely restore the situation of field cultivation, and no additional fertilization is added during the cultivation period, so that the physiological indicators of Pinellia ternata cultivated in some composite matrixes are higher than those of the control group, but not significantly.

[0074] The comprehensive test results showed that compared with the traditional soil culture method, the compound substrate cultivation with appropriate ratio was more conducive to the growth of Pinellia ternata. When the compound substrate was peat: vermiculite = 2:1, although the physiological indicators of the Pinellia ternata seed stems were not significantly different from those of the traditional soil culture method, its germination and growth indicators, especially the fresh weight of the underground part, i.e. the seed stem, which is the economic yield, were excellent, significantly higher than the traditional soil culture method, and most suitable for the cultivation of Pinellia ternata seed stems.

[0075] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A substrate cultivation method for Pinellia ternata, characterized in that: include: A planting pit is dug in the garden soil, the planting pit is filled with a composite matrix, and then the pinellia seed stems are planted in the composite matrix. The composite matrix is ​​then covered with the garden soil, compacted, and watered.

2. The substrate cultivation method of Pinellia ternata according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite matrix includes, by volume ratio: peat: perlite: vermiculite: coconut bran: silicon fertilizer = (0-5): (0-3): (1-5): (0-2): (0-1).

3. The substrate cultivation method of Pinellia ternata according to claim 2, characterized in that: The composite matrix includes, by volume ratio: peat: perlite: vermiculite: coconut bran: silicon fertilizer = (0-5): (0-3): (1-2): (0-2): (0-1).

4. The substrate cultivation method of Pinellia ternata according to claim 2, characterized in that: The composite matrix includes, by volume ratio, peat: perlite: vermiculite: coconut bran: silicon fertilizer = (2-5): (0-3): (1-2): (0-2): (0-1).

5. The substrate cultivation method of Pinellia ternata according to claim 2, characterized in that: The composite matrix comprises, by volume ratio, peat:vermiculite=2:

1.

6. The substrate cultivation method of Pinellia ternata according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting pit has a diameter of 8 cm and a depth of 8 cm.

7. The substrate cultivation method of Pinellia ternata according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the pinellia seed stem is 0.6 cm.

8. The substrate cultivation method of Pinellia ternata according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of plants planted is 10.

9. A composite substrate for cultivating Pinellia ternata, characterized in that: Calculated by volume ratio, it includes peat: perlite: vermiculite: coconut bran: silicon fertilizer = (0-5): (0-3): (1-2): (0-2): (0-1).

10. The composite substrate for cultivating Pinellia ternata according to claim 9, characterized in that: The composite matrix comprises, by volume ratio, peat:vermiculite=2:1.

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