Chlorine dioxide biofilm prevention equipment

Abstract

Described herein is a biofilm prevention device comprising a first chamber configured to store a drying precursor, a second chamber configured to receive a predetermined volume of water, a first valve disposed between the first chamber and the second chamber, configured to transport a predetermined amount of drying precursor into the second chamber, and a second valve disposed between the first chamber and the second chamber, and a second valve disposed at the outlet of the second chamber, the second valve configured to control flow of the chlorine dioxide solution to the conduit fixture.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 527,677 (File No.: 010222-23015A), filed on July 19, 2023, and U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 763,034, filed on July 3, 2024, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present application relates generally to biofilm prevention and disinfection in plumbing fixtures. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to applying chlorine dioxide solutions to plumbing fixtures for disinfection and prevention of biofilm growth. Background Art

[0004] The presence of biofilm in pipe fixtures not only has negative health effects, but can also negatively impact the performance of the pipe fixtures. Specifically, the development of biofilm can accumulate such that the flow area through the pipe fixture is reduced. Additionally, biofilm can cause or accelerate clogging of the pipe fixture by catching hair or other debris, and the development around such hair and debris can further accumulate. Accordingly, there is a need for an apparatus, system, and method for continuously disinfecting pipe fixtures, thereby preventing biofilm growth and improving pipe fixture performance. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application discloses a biofilm prevention device for a pipeline fixture, the device comprising:

[0006] a first chamber configured to store a dry precursor;

[0007] a second chamber configured to receive a predetermined volume of water;

[0008] a transporter disposed between the first chamber and the second chamber, the transporter being configured to transport a predetermined amount of a dry precursor into the second chamber; and

[0009] An outlet valve is disposed at an outlet of the second chamber, the outlet valve being configured to control a flow of the chlorine dioxide solution to the plumbing fixture coupled to a sink drain, a shower drain, a urinal drain, or a bathtub drain.

[0010] The present application also discloses a biofilm prevention device, the device comprising:

[0011] a first chamber configured to store a dry precursor;

[0012] a second chamber configured to receive a predetermined volume of water;

[0013] a first valve disposed between the first chamber and the second chamber, the first valve being configured to transport a predetermined amount of a dry precursor into the second chamber;

[0014] a conduit coupled to the second chamber, the conduit being in line with the one or more tubing fixtures; and

[0015] A second valve is disposed at an outlet of the second chamber, the second valve being configured to control a flow of the chlorine dioxide solution to the conduit.

[0016] The present application also discloses a method for disinfecting a pipeline fixture, the method comprising:

[0017] providing a predetermined volume of water to the mixing chamber;

[0018] providing a predetermined amount of dry precursor to the mixing chamber;

[0019] Open the water outlet valve; and

[0020] A flow of chlorine dioxide solution is provided to the plumbing fixture through the outlet valve. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent upon reading the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0022] Figure 1 and Figure 2 A perspective view of a toilet according to an example of the present disclosure is illustrated. Specifically, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 1 The toilet bowl including the skirt is shown. Figure 2 Pictured is a toilet without a skirt.

[0023] Figure 3 A biofilm prevention device according to one example of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0024] Figure 4 A biofilm prevention device according to one example of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0025] Figure 5 A biofilm prevention device according to one example of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0026] Figure 6 A biofilm prevention device coupled to a sink is illustrated according to one example of the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 7 A biofilm prevention device according to one example of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0028] Figure 8 A biofilm prevention device disposed in a toilet tank according to one example of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0029] Fig. 9 A biofilm prevention system according to one example of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0030] Fig.10 A flow chart for performing biofilm disinfection according to one example of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0031] Fig.11 An apparatus for promoting biofilm disinfection according to one example of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0032] These figures illustrate certain exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure in detail. It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the details and methods set forth in the detailed description, nor to the details and methods illustrated in the figures. It should be understood that the terms used herein are for descriptive purposes only and should not be considered restrictive. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The term "plumbing fixture" refers to a device connected to the plumbing system of a house, building, or other structure. The term "plumbing fixture" may include toilets, bidets, faucets, sinks, shower heads, bathtubs, hot tubs, urinals, and dishwashers and their associated drains and / or p-traps. The terms "bathroom fixture" and "kitchen fixture" may more specifically refer to individual types of plumbing fixtures found in a bathroom or kitchen, respectively, and these terms may overlap in certain examples (e.g., faucets).

[0034] The biofilm prevention device described herein may be configured to disinfect any of the above-mentioned pipe fixtures to prevent biofilm growth. Specifically, the biofilm prevention device described herein may be configured to provide or supply a chlorine dioxide solution to any of the above-mentioned pipe fixtures to disinfect the pipe fixtures to prevent biofilm growth (e.g., accumulation). In some examples, the biofilm prevention device described herein may be integrally formed with one or more pipe fixtures. For example, the biofilm prevention device may be integrally formed with a drain pipe or a p-trap of a pipe fixture. However, it is also envisioned that the biofilm prevention device may be sold as an aftermarket add-on product that can be installed on the pipe fixture by parties other than the manufacturer of the pipe fixture.

[0035] The present invention describes devices, systems and methods for disinfecting pipe fixtures and preventing biofilm growth. Specifically, the biofilm prevention device described herein can mix a dry chlorine dioxide precursor with water in situ (e.g., at or near the pipe fixture) to form a chlorine dioxide solution. The chlorine dioxide solution can then be applied to the pipe fixture to disinfect the pipe fixture and prevent biofilm growth. The biofilm prevention device can be configured to form (e.g., mix, batch) a chlorine dioxide solution and provide it to the pipe fixture at fixed intervals to continuously prevent biofilm growth in the pipe fixture.

[0036] Figure 1 and Figure 2 A toilet according to an example of the present disclosure is illustrated. Figure 1 An exemplary embodiment of a skirt toilet 10 is shown, which includes a water tank 11, a base 21 (or a pedestal), and a seat assembly 17. The water tank 11 may include a water reservoir 12 for storing water used in an operation (or flushing) cycle, a lid (or a cover) 13 for providing selective access to the water reservoir 12, and an actuator 14, which is configured to start the operation cycle when activated. The actuator 14 or flushing mechanism can be a button that is configured to be activated when pressed (or pulled) a predetermined distance or touched; it can also be a lever that is configured to be activated when rotated at a predetermined angular stroke; or it can be any suitable device that is configured to be activated based on a user's input operation.

[0037] It should be noted that the shape and configuration of the water tank, base, seat assembly, and internal components (including drainage channels and other features) may be different from the embodiments shown and described herein, and the embodiments disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting. It should be noted that the various components of the toilet can be made of a vitreous material such as clay. It should be noted that the various components of the toilet can be polymeric and / or overmolded or otherwise fixed to the toilet. For example, it should be noted that although the exemplary embodiment of the toilet 10 is shown as being configured as a water tank 11 formed separately from the base 21, and then the water tank is coupled to the base, the water tank can be formed integrally with the base as a one-piece design. In other words, the toilet can be a one-piece design, a two-piece design, or have any suitable configuration. The toilet disclosed herein can have a variety of skirt toilet configurations, all of which are intended to be included in this document. Therefore, the following description of various toilet features is intended to illustrate one possible embodiment, and people reading this specification should understand that similar concepts or features can also be included in various other embodiments.

[0038] The water tank 11 may include a water inlet configured to receive water from a connected water supply, such as water from a hose (e.g., a pipeline, a tube). The water tank 11 may also include an inlet valve assembly or other device configured to control the flow of water from the water supply into the water tank through the inlet. A floating device may be provided in the water tank 11 for controlling the inlet valve assembly, such as opening the valve to refill the water reservoir 12 of the water tank 11 after a running cycle, and closing the valve when the water in the water reservoir 12 reaches a preset volume or height. The water tank 11 may also include an outlet configured to transfer (e.g., divert) the water stored in the water reservoir 12 of the water tank to the base 21 when the actuator 14 is activated. The base 21 may include a toilet bowl 23. The water tank 11 may include an outlet valve assembly or other device configured to control the flow of water from the water reservoir 12 into the base 21 through the outlet.

[0039] The base 21 (or pedestal) of the toilet 10 can include a wall 22 of any suitable shape configured to form a bowl 23 having an opening formed by an upper rim at the top of the opening. The base 21 can also be configured to include multiple walls of different shapes that together form a bowl having an opening formed by a rim. The wall 22 of the base can extend downwardly and / or rearwardly from the bowl 23 to form a lower portion 25 that is configured to support the base 21 and the toilet 10. The lower portion 25 can be formed by an end of the wall 22 (e.g., a lower rim) or can include a member extending generally in a horizontal plane from one or more ends of the wall. The base 21 may also include a top member 24 extending between the two sides of the wall 22 (or between two opposing walls) and disposed behind (or behind) the bowl 23, wherein the top member 24 forms a platform for supporting the water tank 11, such as the bottom surface of the water reservoir 12 of the water tank 11. The top member 24 may include an inlet that may be aligned with the water outlet of the water tank 11, such as when the water tank 11 is coupled to the base 21 (or placed above the base 21), wherein when the toilet is activated by the actuator 14, water is selectively diverted (e.g., directed) from the water tank 11 through the water outlet of the water tank and enters the base 21 through the water inlet of the base 21. The water outlet valve assembly may control the flow of water from the water tank to the base. The toilet may also include a gasket or seal disposed between the water tank 11 and the base 21 to prevent leakage. For example, a gasket may be disposed between the water outlet of the water tank and the water inlet of the base to prevent leakage between the water tank and the base.

[0040] The platform or upper surface formed by the top member 24 of the base 21 can also couple the seat assembly 17 to the base 21 of the toilet 10. For example, the top member 24 can include one or more openings, wherein each opening is configured to receive a fastening device (e.g., a bolt, a screw, etc.) to couple (e.g., attach) the seat assembly 17 to the top member 24 of the base 21. As another example, the top member 24 can include one or more fastening devices (e.g., bolts, embedded nuts, etc.) integrally formed therein (i.e., already provided for connection or coupling to the base 21), wherein the fastening devices can be used to couple or secure at least a portion of the seat assembly 17 to the base 21. The seat assembly 17 can include a hinge, a hinge shoulder configured to receive a fastener, a seat coupled to the hinge, and a cover coupled to the hinge.

[0041] The bowl 23 of the base 21 can be configured to include a container (e.g., a sump) and an outlet, wherein water and waste are collected in the container until removed through the outlet (e.g., upon activation of the actuator 14). The base 21 can also include a base internal channel (e.g., a drain channel) that connects the water outlet or drain outlet of the bowl 23 to a drain or sewer. The channel or drain channel generally includes a first portion, a second portion, and a weir separating the first and second portions. The first portion of the channel can extend from the outlet of the bowl 23 to the weir at an upwardly inclined angle. The second portion of the channel can extend downward from the weir to an outlet device (e.g., a drain or sewer).

[0042] Between operating cycles (e.g., flush cycles) of the toilet 10, water (and waste) is collected in the first portion of the trapway (in addition to the container of the bowl) so that the weir prevents water from passing through the weir and entering the second portion of the trapway. A flush cycle may be initiated upon activation of the actuator 14. Upon activation of the actuator, more water may be discharged into the bowl 23 of the base 21, thereby creating a flushing action and removing waste through the trapway. For example, water may be discharged into the bowl from one or more rim outlets located in or below the rim of the toilet and / or sump ejectors disposed in a sump of the toilet (e.g., the first portion of the trapway). The rim outlets and / or sump ejectors may include one or more of the fluid devices described herein. The flush cycle may include the generation of a siphon to assist in the flushing action and waste removal.

[0043] The seat assembly 17 may include a cover member 18 (e.g., a lid), a seat member 19 (e.g., an annular member) and a hinge. The seat member 19 may be configured to include an annular member surrounding an opening, wherein the annular member provides a seat surface for a user of the toilet 10. The seat member 19 may also be pivotally coupled (e.g., attached) to a hinge, wherein the seat member may rotate (or pivot) around the hinge, such as rotating (or pivoting) between a first lowered or sitting position and a second raised or upright position. The cover member 18 may be configured to be circular, oval, or any other suitable shape. Typically, the profile or shape of the outer surface of the cover member will be configured to match (i.e., substantially similar) the profile of the outer surface of the seat member to improve the aesthetics of the seat assembly and the toilet. The cover member 18 may also be coupled to a hinge, wherein the cover member may rotate (or pivot) around the hinge, such as rotating (or pivoting) between a first lowered or downward position and a second raised or upright position. The cover member 18 can be set in a downward position above the seat member to cover the opening of the seat member 19 and hide the interior of the toilet bowl 23 of the base 21. The cover member 18 can be configured to rest on the outer surface of the tank 11 when the cover member 18 is in an upright position, thereby maintaining the cover member 18 in an upright position for a user to sit on the seat member 19.

[0044] Figure 2 A non-skirted toilet 20 is illustrated according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The internal components including the trapway 15 are visible in the base 21 of the non-skirted toilet 20. It should be noted that the apparatus, methods, and systems described herein may include both skirted and non-skirted toilets and / or may be used with both skirted and non-skirted toilets. It should also be noted that the apparatus, methods, and systems described herein may include or be used with toilets including those with tanks and those without tanks. A water pipe may provide water to a non-tanked toilet during a flush cycle.

[0045] Overall reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 , toilets 10, 20 can be coupled to or include biofilm prevention devices as described herein. For example, Figure 7 As shown and described below, the tank 11 may include a biofilm prevention device configured to disinfect the reservoir 12, bowl 23, sump, trapway, and / or drain to prevent biofilm growth.

[0046] According to other examples, the biofilm prevention device described herein can provide a chlorine dioxide solution to the water flow provided to the toilet bowl of a direct-discharge (i.e., tankless) toilet during the operation cycle of the toilet to disinfect the toilet bowl 23, sump, drainage channel, drain pipe, etc. of the toilet. The operation cycle can be performed when the toilet is not in use to provide the chlorine dioxide solution to the toilet. For example, the operation cycle for applying the chlorine dioxide solution can be automatically performed during a period of low usage (such as at night).

[0047] refer to Figures 3 to 5 , illustrates biofilm prevention devices 100, 200, 300 according to multiple examples of the present disclosure. Each of the biofilm prevention devices 100, 200, 300 includes a first chamber 110, a second chamber 120, a transporter 131 (e.g., a first valve 130) disposed between the first chamber 110 and the second chamber 120, and a second valve 140 disposed at an outlet 122 of the second chamber 120. In some examples, the biofilm prevention devices 100, 200, 300 may include a housing 181, 182, which includes one or more of the first chamber 110, the second chamber 120, the first valve 130, and the second valve 140. The housing 181, 182 may include one or more walls or panels that define the size, shape, etc. of the first chamber 110 and / or the second chamber 120. The housing 181, 182 may further include one or more walls defining an outer surface of the housing 181, 182 and / or a panel of the biofilm prevention device 100, 200, 300. The biofilm prevention device 100, 200, 300 may be configured to provide or supply the pipe fixture 150 with a chlorine dioxide solution.

[0048] The first chamber 110 is configured to store a dry precursor. The dry precursor can generate or produce chlorine dioxide (ClO2) when mixed with water (H2O). The dry precursor may include an acid source (such as sodium bisulfate), a chlorine source (such as sodium hypochlorite, sodium chloride) and a stabilizing compound (such as magnesium sulfate). In some examples, the dry precursor may include a powder. In other examples, the dry precursor may include one or more tablets or granules. In some examples, each tablet may include a known amount or a predetermined amount of dry precursor. A controlled amount or a predetermined amount (such as one, two, three) of tablets or a predetermined amount (such as volume, mass) of powdered dry precursor may be mixed with a controlled or predetermined (such as controlled) volume. A predetermined (e.g., controlled) amount of dry precursor (in the form of powder or tablets) may be mixed with a predetermined (e.g., controlled) volume of water to produce an aqueous solution including gaseous chlorine dioxide with a desired concentration of chlorine dioxide. The first chamber 110 may be waterproof. Accordingly, water may be prevented from entering the first chamber 110 and reacting with the dry precursor.

[0049] In some examples, such as Figure 1 As shown, the first chamber 110 may be disposed in the housing 181 of the biofilm prevention device 100. Figure 1 As shown, the housing 181 includes a first chamber 110, a second chamber 120, a first valve 130, and a second valve 140. In these examples, the housing 181 or the first chamber 110 may include a gate or door 111 configured to selectively provide access to the first chamber 110 (e.g., to replenish the first chamber 110 with a dry precursor). When in a closed position, the door 111 may engage the housing 181 or the first chamber 110 to form a watertight seal that prevents water from entering the first chamber 110.

[0050] In other examples, such as Figure 2 As shown, the first chamber 110 is disposed in a cartridge 190. The cartridge 190 is removably coupled to the housing 182. In these examples, the housing 182 may include the second chamber 120, the first valve 130, and the second valve 140. In these examples, the cartridge 190 may be replaced when all of the dry precursor has been used.

[0051] Overall reference Figures 3 to 5 , a mixing chamber or second chamber 120 may be disposed in the housing 181, 182. The second chamber 120 may include an inlet 121 and / or an outlet 122. The second chamber 120 may be configured to receive a certain volume of water (e.g., through the inlet 121). In some examples, the second chamber 120 may be configured to receive a predetermined (e.g., controlled, metered) volume of water to form a chlorine dioxide solution having a desired (e.g., controlled) volume and / or concentration. Additionally, the second chamber 120 may be configured to receive a dry precursor (e.g., received through the first valve 130). In some examples, the second chamber 120 may be configured to receive a predetermined amount of dry precursor to produce a chlorine dioxide solution having a desired volume and / or concentration. The second chamber 120 may be configured to hold a certain volume of water and a dry precursor, and when they react, a chlorine dioxide solution is generated. In some examples, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the first chamber 110 may be disposed above the second chamber 120. Storing the dry precursor above the second chamber 120 (e.g., in the first chamber 110) may prevent water from entering the first chamber 110 (e.g., through the first valve 130). Figure 5 As shown, the first chamber 110 may be disposed adjacent to the second chamber 120. In some examples, the second chamber 120 may further include a mixing device or stirring device 125 configured to mix the dry precursor and water. The stirring device 125 may be configured to stir or vibrate the water and the dry precursor to promote a chemical reaction between the water and the dry precursor.

[0052] Overall reference Figures 3 to 5 , a conveyor 131 (e.g., a first valve 130) is disposed between the first chamber 110 and the second chamber 120. The conveyor 131 (e.g., the first valve 130) may be configured to provide a predetermined amount of dry precursor to the second chamber 120. In some examples, the conveyor 131 may be the first valve 130. The first valve 130 may be a positive displacement pump (e.g., a screw pump, a gear pump, a vane pump, or the like). In other examples, the conveyor 131 may include a feeding mechanism including one or more elastic members (e.g., springs), the one or more elastic members being configured to provide a predetermined amount of dry precursor to the second chamber 120. For example, the conveyor 131 may include a feeding mechanism including a spring configured to provide one or more tablet or granular dry precursors to the second chamber 120. The conveyor 131 may be connected to the controller 900 and may be configured to provide a predetermined amount of dry precursor to the second chamber 120 in response to a control signal and / or current received from the controller 900. In some examples, the controller 900 may be disposed in the housing 181 , 182 . The first valve 130 may be disposed in the housing 181 , 182 and / or the second chamber 120 of the biofilm prevention apparatus 100 , 200 , 300 .

[0053] Overall reference Figures 3 to 5 , the second valve 140 may be disposed at the outlet 122 of the second chamber 120. The second valve 140 may be configured to control the flow of the chlorine dioxide solution from the second chamber 120 to the pipe fixture 150. In some examples, the second valve 140 may be disposed in the second chamber 120 and / or the housings 181, 182. The second valve 140 may be connected to the controller 900, and may be configured to selectively provide (e.g., open / close) the chlorine dioxide solution to the pipe fixture 150 in response to a control signal and / or current received from the controller 900.

[0054] Overall reference Figures 3 to 5In some examples, the biofilm prevention device may include a third valve 170 configured to control the flow of water from the water supply device 160 to the second chamber 120. The third valve 170 may be configured to control the amount or volume of water flowing therethrough, thereby controlling the amount or volume of water supplied to the second chamber 120. The third valve 170 may be connected to the controller 900 and may be configured to provide a predetermined volume of water to the second chamber 120 in response to a control signal and / or current received from the controller 900. For example, the controller 900 may provide one or more control signals and / or currents to the third valve 170 so that the third valve remains open for a predetermined time period corresponding to the required water volume. In some examples, the third valve 170 may be a pump, for example, a positive displacement pump configured to provide (e.g., pump) a predetermined volume of water to the second chamber. In some examples, the water supply device 160 may be a pipe network of a building (e.g., residential, commercial). In other examples, the water supply device 160 may be a well or other water source.

[0055] refer to Figure 6 In some examples, the biofilm prevention device 300 can be coupled to the water tank 151. In some examples, such as Figure 6 As shown, biofilm prevention device 300 can be coupled to a countertop, vanity, or cabinet near sink 151. In some examples, the sink can be located in a bathroom. In other examples, sink 151 can be located in a kitchen. In some examples, such as Figure 6 As shown, the biofilm prevention device 300 can directly supply or provide the chlorine dioxide solution to the p-trap of the sink 151. In other examples, the biofilm prevention device 300 can directly provide the chlorine dioxide solution to the bowl of the sink 151. In some examples, such as Figure 6 As shown, hose 141 can fluidly couple second valve 140 to a p-trap of sink 151. In other examples, hose 141 can fluidly couple second valve 140 to a bowl of sink 151. In some examples, gravitational potential energy can be used to transport chlorine dioxide solution from second chamber 120 through second valve 140 to sink 151. In other examples, pump 155 can be disposed between second valve 140 and sink 151.

[0056] Reference Figure 7 In some examples, the biofilm prevention device 500 can be integrally formed with the pipe fixture (e.g., 150). Figure 7 As shown, the pipe fixing member can be a water tank 151, and the biofilm prevention device 500 can be integrally formed with the P-type water trap of the water tank 151. Specifically, as Figure 7 As shown, the biofilm prevention device 500 can be integrally formed with the conduit 152 of the P-type water trap of the water tank 151. Figure 7As shown, the conduit 152 is arranged in a straight line with the water tank 151.

[0057] In some examples, the biofilm prevention device 500 can include a first chamber 110 included in the housing 183, as described above with respect to the biofilm prevention device 100. In other examples, the biofilm prevention device 500 can include a first chamber 110 disposed in a cartridge (e.g., cartridge 190) removably coupled to the housing 183, as described above with respect to the biofilm prevention device 200.

[0058] like Figure 7 As shown, the housing 183 can be integrally formed with the conduit 152 or attached to the conduit 152. For example, the housing 183 and the conduit 152 can be integrally formed using injection molding, compression molding, resin transfer molding, gravity casting, or the like. Figure 7 As shown, the second valve 140 may be disposed between the second chamber 120 and the conduit 152. Therefore, the biofilm prevention device 500 may provide a chlorine dioxide solution from the second chamber 120 through the second valve 140 and directly into the conduit 152.

[0059] The biofilm prevention device 500 can be sold as an aftermarket add-on product that can be installed on the sink 151 by a party other than the sink's manufacturer. Specifically, the pipe or conduit in the p-trap of the sink can be replaced by the biofilm prevention device. Similarly, the biofilm prevention device 500 can also be installed on different plumbing fixtures, such as a drain pipe or p-trap for a shower, bathtub, hot tub, bidet, urinal, or dishwasher.

[0060] refer to Figure 8 , illustrates a toilet tank 600 including a biofilm prevention device 601 according to an example of the present disclosure. Figure 8 As shown, the biofilm prevention device 601 can be disposed in the toilet tank 600. The biofilm prevention device 601 can be the same as described above with respect to Figures 3 to 5 The biofilm prevention devices 100, 200, and 300 are substantially similar. Specifically, the first chamber 110 may be disposed in a housing (e.g., housing 181), or may be disposed in a box (e.g., box 190) removably coupled to a housing (e.g., housing 182). In addition, the first chamber 110 may be disposed on top of or beside the second chamber 120.

[0061] Overall reference Figure 8, the toilet tank 600 includes a mechanical actuator 610 connected to a flush valve 620 via a chain 630, and the mechanical actuator is configured to start an operation (e.g., flushing) cycle of the toilet. However, the present disclosure is not limited to this, and the tank 600 may include a button, a capacitive sensor, or the like, which is configured to send a control signal and / or current to the flush valve to start the operation cycle of the toilet. The electronic actuator can be connected to the controller 900 to start the operation cycle of the toilet. In addition, the tank 600 includes a water inlet and / or a water inlet valve 640, which is configured to receive a flow of water to refill the tank 600 after the operation cycle of the toilet.

[0062] In some examples, the second chamber 120 of the biofilm prevention device 601 may be configured to receive a predetermined volume of water through a tube 650 that fluidly couples a water inlet and / or a water inlet valve 640 to the second chamber 120. In some examples, the water inlet valve 640 may control a certain volume of water supplied to the second chamber 120. In other examples, another valve (e.g., a third valve 170) may be disposed between the water inlet and / or the water inlet valve 640 and the second chamber 120, and may control a certain volume of water supplied to the second chamber 120. In other examples, the biofilm prevention device may include a hose 660 that extends (e.g., extends downward) into a water volume 670 stored in a water tank and a pump 661 that is configured to supply (i.e., pump) a predetermined volume of water into the second chamber 120.

[0063] refer to Figure 8 After the chlorine dioxide solution is mixed or generated in the second chamber 120, the second valve 140 can be opened to allow the chlorine dioxide solution to flow into the water tank 600 of the toilet (e.g., with the help of gravity). The chlorine dioxide solution can disinfect the water tank 600 of the toilet while the water volume 670 and the chlorine dioxide solution are disposed in the water tank 600. During the operation cycle of the toilet, as the chlorine dioxide solution flows through the toilet, the chlorine dioxide solution can disinfect one or more of the rim channel, rim outlet, toilet bowl, sump, trapway, and drain pipe. In some examples, the chlorine dioxide solution can be supplied to the water tank (e.g., under the direction of the controller 900), and when the user is not using the toilet (e.g., at night or during low usage), the operation cycle of the toilet can be initiated (e.g., under the direction of the controller 900) to achieve the purpose of disinfecting the toilet and preventing biofilm growth.

[0064] refer to Fig. 9 , illustrates a biofilm prevention system 700 for disinfecting and preventing biofilm growth in a plurality of pipe fixtures. Fig. 9As shown, in some examples, a single biofilm prevention device 710 can be configured to provide a chlorine dioxide solution to two or more pipe fixtures. Fig. 9 The biofilm prevention device 710 may be configured to provide a chlorine dioxide solution to the plurality of urinals 720. The biofilm prevention device 710 may be disposed, for example, in a wall, cabinet, closet, or the like near the plurality of urinals 720.

[0065] The biofilm prevention system 700 may include a main supply line 730 and a plurality of (i.e., two or more) secondary water supply lines 740. The main supply line 730 may be in fluid communication with the second chamber 120 of the biofilm prevention device 710 via the second valve 140. When the second valve 140 is in an open position, the main supply line 730 may receive a chlorine dioxide solution from the second chamber 120 through the second valve 140. Each of the secondary supply lines 740 may extend between and communicate with the main supply line 730 and the urinal 720. The secondary supply lines 740 may transport the chlorine dioxide solution from the main supply line 730 to the urinal 720. In some examples, the main supply line 730 and the secondary supply line 740 may be configured to supply water flow to a plurality of urinals (e.g., during or between operating cycles of the urinal 720).

[0066] like Fig. 9 As shown, the biofilm prevention device 710 can be configured to provide a chlorine dioxide solution to all urinals 720 via a primary supply line 730 and a secondary supply line 740. Similarly, a single biofilm prevention device 710 can be in fluid communication with a plurality of different plumbing fixtures (e.g., a plurality of sinks, toilets, showers, or the like) and configured to provide a chlorine dioxide solution to the plurality of different plumbing fixtures.

[0067] In some examples, a single biofilm prevention device can be connected to two or more different plumbing fixtures. For example, a single biofilm prevention device can be in communication with two or more sinks, showers, toilets, dishwashers, etc., located in a commercial or residential bathroom or kitchen. The single biofilm prevention device can be configured to provide a chlorine dioxide solution to each of the plumbing fixtures to disinfect the plumbing fixtures and prevent biofilm growth.

[0068] refer to Fig.10 , illustrates a flow chart 800 for disinfecting pipe fixtures and preventing biofilm growth according to one example of the present disclosure. Flow chart 800 can be used with any of the biofilm prevention devices 100, 200, 300, 500, 601, 710 described herein. Additional, different, or fewer actions may be provided.

[0069] In a first action S101, a predetermined volume of (e.g., controlled, metered) water is provided to a mixing chamber (i.e., second chamber 120) of a biofilm prevention device. The predetermined volume of water may be a volume of water required to produce a chlorine dioxide solution having a desired volume and concentration when mixed with a predetermined (e.g., controlled, metered) amount of dry precursor.

[0070] In some examples, the flow chart 800 can additionally include an action of opening a water supply valve (i.e., second valve 140), wherein a predetermined volume of water is provided to the mixing chamber through the water supply valve (and / or the water supply valve is subsequently closed). The water supply valve can be opened for a time period corresponding to or required for the predetermined volume of water to flow into the mixing chamber. In some examples, the water supply valve can be connected to the controller 900. In these examples, the water supply valve can be opened and / or closed in response to a control signal and / or current received from the controller.

[0071] In a second action S103, a predetermined (e.g., controlled, metered) amount of dry precursor is provided to a mixing chamber of the biofilm prevention device. The dry precursor may be provided to the mixing chamber from a storage chamber (i.e., the first chamber 110). The predetermined amount of dry precursor may be the amount of dry precursor required to produce a chlorine dioxide solution having a desired volume and concentration when mixed with a predetermined volume of water.

[0072] In some examples, when a predetermined amount of dry precursor is provided to the mixing chamber, a predetermined volume of water may already be in the mixing chamber. Therefore, when the dry precursor is provided to the mixing chamber, the dry precursor and water can react with each other to produce a chlorine dioxide solution having a desired (e.g., controlled) volume and concentration of chlorine dioxide. In some examples, flow chart 800 may additionally include actuating a mixing device or a stirring device configured to mix the dry precursor and water. In some examples, the predetermined amount of the dry precursor can be the volume or mass of the dry precursor. In other examples, the predetermined amount of the dry precursor can be the number of tablets of the dry precursor (e.g., one, two, three tablets).

[0073] In some examples, flowchart 800 may additionally include a movement to open a precursor valve (i.e., precursor valve 120), wherein a predetermined amount of dry precursor is provided to the mixing chamber by the precursor valve. In some examples, the precursor valve may be a positive displacement valve (e.g., a screw pump), and one or more operating cycles may be performed to provide a predetermined amount of dry precursor to the mixing chamber. Each operating cycle of the precursor valve may provide tablets of the same (known) volume, mass, or amount of dry precursor. In some examples, the precursor valve may be connected to a controller 900. In these examples, the precursor valve may be actuated in response to a control signal and / or current received from the controller 900.

[0074] In the third action S105, the chlorine dioxide solution is provided to the pipe fixture (e.g., pipe fixture 150). The chlorine dioxide solution can be provided to various different parts of the pipe fixture. For example, in the case of a sink, the chlorine dioxide solution can be supplied to the basin of the sink and / or the p-type trap or drain pipe of the sink. In some examples, the chlorine dioxide solution can be provided to the pipe fixture through the outlet valve (i.e., the second valve) and one or more hoses connected to the mixing chamber, the second valve, and / or the pipe fixture. In other examples, the chlorine dioxide solution can be provided through the outlet valve and directly enter the pipe fixture.

[0075] In some examples, flow chart 800 may additionally include an action of opening a water outlet valve (i.e., water outlet valve 140) through which the chlorine dioxide solution is provided to the plumbing fixture. In some examples, the water outlet valve may be connected to controller 900. In these examples, the water outlet valve may be actuated (e.g., opened / closed) in response to a control signal and / or current received from controller 900.

[0076] In some examples, flow chart 800 may further include coupling the cartridge to the mixing chamber. The cartridge may include a dry precursor (e.g., tablet or powder) required to produce the chlorine dioxide solution. When the first chamber is disposed in a cartridge that is removably coupled to the housing or the second chamber, flow chart 800 may include coupling the cartridge to the mixing chamber. In these examples, the cartridge may be a disposable cartridge that includes the dry precursor.

[0077] In some examples, flowchart 800 can be used to disinfect plumbing fixtures and prevent biofilm growth during times of the day when users are less likely to use or approach plumbing fixtures. For example, flowchart 800 can be used at night to disinfect plumbing fixtures when potential users are likely to be asleep. In some examples, controller 900 can be programmed to initiate flowchart 800 during nighttime or other low usage time periods.

[0078] refer to Fig.11 , illustrates an apparatus 1000 for facilitating an operation cycle (e.g., flow chart 800) of a biofilm prevention device 100, 200, 300, 601, 710 according to one example of the present disclosure. The apparatus 1000 includes a bus 1010 that facilitates communication between a controller 1050 that may be implemented by a processor 1001 and / or an application-specific controller 1002 and one or more components including a database 1003, a memory 1004, a computer-readable medium 1005, a display 1012, a user input device 1013, and a communication interface 1014.

[0079] The contents of database 1003 may include one or more predetermined volumes of water and one or more predetermined amounts of dry precursors necessary to produce a known volume and concentration of chlorine dioxide solution. In some examples, database 1003 may include one or more formulas or equations for calculating the amount of dry precursor and / or the amount of water required to produce a selected concentration and / or volume of chlorine dioxide solution. In some examples, one or more formulas may be used to dynamically change the volume and / or concentration of chlorine dioxide solution supplied to the pipe fixture. Additionally, the database may include one or more flow rates (e.g., flow rates through valves 130, 140, 170), the area of ​​one or more valves (e.g., valves 140, 170), and / or one or more time periods required for a known volume of fluid to pass through a valve (e.g., valves 140, 170). In some examples, database 1003 may store one or more equations for calculating the volume, flow rate, or time period associated with a fluid provided to or transported through second valve 140 and third valve 170. In some examples, database 1003 may store one or more equations for calculating the concentration and / or volume of a chlorine dioxide solution.

[0080] The memory 1004 may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory. The memory 1004 may include one or more read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), flash memories, electronically erasable programmable read-only memories (EEPROMs), or other types of memories. The memory 1004 may be removable from the device 1000, such as a secure digital (SD) memory card.

[0081] The memory 1004 and / or the computer readable medium 1005 may include a set of instructions that can be executed to cause the controller to perform any one or more of the flowcharts (e.g., flowchart 800) or computer-based functions disclosed herein. For example, the controller 1050 may send one or more controller signals and / or currents to the first valve 130, the second valve 140, and the third valve 170 to open and / or close the valves (i.e., to cause the biofilm prevention device to perform flowchart 800). In some examples, the memory 1004 and / or the computer readable medium 1005 may include one or more sets of instructions. The one or more sets of instructions may correspond to one or more different volumes and / or concentrations of chlorine dioxide solution generated and / or provided to a pipe fixture, for example. The memory 1004 may store one or more formulas or equations for determining the amount of dry precursor and / or the amount of water used to generate a chlorine dioxide solution having a specific concentration and / or volume.

[0082] The user can use the display 1012 and / or the user input device 1013 to start an operation cycle of the biofilm prevention device, input one or more volumes associated with the operation cycle, and / or input one or more time periods. In some examples, the user can use the display 1012 and / or the user input device 1013 to select the volume and / or concentration of the chlorine dioxide solution. The display 1012 may include a screen and the user input device 1013 may include one or more buttons on the device 1000. In some embodiments, the display 1012 and the user input device 1013 may include a touch-sensitive surface (i.e., a touch screen).

[0083] The communication interface 1014 can be connected to a network 1020, which can be the Internet. In some embodiments, the network 1020 can be connected to one or more mobile devices 1022. The one or more mobile devices can be configured to send a signal to the communication interface 1014 via the network 1020. For example, the one or more mobile devices can send a signal to the communication interface to start an operating cycle of the biofilm prevention device, or to change one or more water volumes, amounts of dry precursors, and / or concentrations of chlorine dioxide solutions associated with the operating cycle of the biofilm prevention device.

[0084] The communication interface 1014 may include any operable connection. An operable connection may be a connection in which signals, physical connections, and / or logical communications may be sent and / or received. An operable connection may include a physical interface, an electrical interface, and / or a data interface. The communication interface 1014 provides any known or future developed form of wireless and / or wired communication.

[0085] When a component, device, element, or the like of the present disclosure is described as having a certain purpose or performing a certain operation, function, etc., the component, device, or element should be considered herein as being "configured to" satisfy that purpose or perform that operation or function.

[0086] As used herein, the terms "approximately," "about," "substantially," and similar terms are intended to have a broad meaning consistent with common and recognized usage by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the subject matter of the present disclosure belongs. Those skilled in the art who review the present disclosure should understand that these terms are intended to allow for the description of some of the features described and claimed without limiting the scope of those features to the precise numerical ranges provided. Therefore, these terms should be interpreted as indicating that insubstantial or insignificant modifications or changes to the subject matter described and claimed are considered to be within the scope of the disclosure as recited in the appended claims.

[0087] It should be noted that the term "exemplary" and variations thereof, used herein to describe various embodiments, are intended to indicate that such embodiments are possible examples, representations, or illustrations of possible embodiments (and such terms are not intended to imply that such embodiments are necessarily extraordinary or extraordinary examples).

[0088] As used herein, the term "connection" and its variants refer to the direct or indirect joining of two components together. Such joining can be fixed (e.g., permanent or fixed) or movable (e.g., removable or releasable). Such joining can be achieved by directly connecting the two components together, or by connecting the two components together using a separate intermediate member and any additional intermediate members that are connected to each other, or by connecting the two components together using an intermediate member that is integrally formed as a single unit body with one of the two components. If "connection" or its variants are modified by additional terms (e.g., direct connection), the general definition of "connection" provided above is modified by the ordinary language meaning of the additional terms (e.g., "direct connection" means the joining of two components without any separate intermediate member), resulting in a narrower definition than the general definition of "connection" provided above. Such connection can be mechanical, electrical or fluid.

[0089] The term "or" as used herein is inclusive (not exclusive), and thus, when used to connect a list of elements, the term "or" refers to one, some, or all of the elements in the list. Connectives such as "at least one of X, Y, and Z" should be understood to mean that an element can be any one of X, Y, and Z; X and Y; X and Z; Y and Z; or X, Y, and Z (i.e., any combination of X, Y, and Z), unless otherwise specified. Therefore, such connectives do not generally mean that some embodiments require at least one of X, Y, and Z to be present, unless otherwise specified.

[0090] References to element positions herein (e.g., "top," "bottom," "above," "below") are only used to describe the orientation of the various elements in the figures. It should be noted that the orientation of the various elements may be different according to other exemplary embodiments, and such variations are intended to be encompassed by the present disclosure.

[0091] Although the figures and descriptions may illustrate a specific order of method steps, unless otherwise specified above, the order of such steps may be different from that depicted and described. In addition, two or more steps may be performed simultaneously or partially simultaneously, unless otherwise specified above. For example, such variations may depend on the selected software and hardware systems and the designer's choice. All of these variations are within the scope of the present disclosure. Similarly, software implementations of the method may also complete various connection steps, processing steps, comparison steps, and decision steps through standard programming techniques, rule-based logic, and other logic.

[0092] It should be noted that the construction and arrangement of the systems shown in the various exemplary embodiments are illustrative only. In addition, any element disclosed in one embodiment can be combined or used with any other embodiment disclosed herein. Although only one example of an element in one embodiment is illustrated above and can be incorporated into or used in another embodiment, it should be understood that other elements in various embodiments can be incorporated into or used in any other embodiment disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A biofilm prevention device for a pipe fixture, the device comprising: a first chamber configured to store a dry precursor; a second chamber configured to receive a predetermined volume of water; a transporter disposed between the first chamber and the second chamber, the transporter being configured to transport a predetermined amount of a dry precursor into the second chamber; as well as An outlet valve is disposed at an outlet of the second chamber, the outlet valve being configured to control a flow of the chlorine dioxide solution to the plumbing fixture coupled to a sink drain, a shower drain, a urinal drain, or a bathtub drain.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the flow of chlorine dioxide solution is disposed upstream of a p-trap coupled to the sink drain, the shower drain, the urinal drain, or the bathtub drain.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: A water supply valve is disposed between the water supply device and the second chamber, and is configured to supply the predetermined volume of water to the second chamber.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first chamber comprises a cartridge that is removably coupled to the second chamber.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the dry precursor comprises a plurality of tablets.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the flow of chlorine dioxide solution is configured to disinfect the plumbing fixture.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the flow of the chlorine dioxide solution to the plumbing fixture controlled by the outlet valve flows to two or more plumbing fixtures.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first chamber is disposed above the second chamber.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the outlet valve comprises a progressive cavity pump.

10. A biofilm prevention device, comprising: a first chamber configured to store a dry precursor; a second chamber configured to receive a predetermined volume of water; a first valve disposed between the first chamber and the second chamber, the first valve being configured to transport a predetermined amount of a dry precursor into the second chamber; a conduit coupled to the second chamber, the conduit being in line with one or more conduit fixtures; as well as A second valve is disposed at an outlet of the second chamber, the second valve being configured to control a flow of the chlorine dioxide solution to the conduit.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the conduit is a p-trap for one of a sink, a shower, a toilet, and a urinal.

12. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising a third valve coupled to the second chamber, the third valve configured to provide the predetermined volume of water to the second chamber.

13. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the first chamber is disposed above the second chamber.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first chamber comprises a cartridge that is removably coupled to the second chamber.

15. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the first valve comprises a progressive cavity pump.

16. A method for sterilizing a pipe fixture, the method comprising: providing a predetermined volume of water to the mixing chamber; providing a predetermined amount of dry precursor to the mixing chamber; Open the water outlet valve; as well as A flow of chlorine dioxide solution is provided to the plumbing fixture through the outlet valve.

17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising: Open the water supply valve, Wherein, providing the predetermined volume of water to the mixing chamber includes providing the predetermined volume of water through the water supply valve.

18. The method according to claim 16, further comprising: Open the precursor valve; Wherein providing the predetermined amount of dry precursor to the mixing chamber comprises providing the predetermined amount of dry precursor through the precursor valve.

19. The method according to claim 16, further comprising: A cartridge is coupled to the mixing chamber, the cartridge including the dry precursor.

20. The method of claim 16, wherein the plumbing fixture comprises one of a sink drain, a shower drain, a reservoir in a toilet, a urinal drain, and a bathtub drain.

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