Shaft part as well as efficient preparation method and special auxiliary tool thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a shaft part as well as an efficient preparation method and a special auxiliary tool thereof, and belongs to the technical field of forging. The efficient preparation method of the shaft part comprises the steps that S1, a steel ingot is heated and then subjected to primary drawing-out, and a material blank is obtained; s2, upsetting is conducted, specifically, the heated material blank is subjected to upsetting through a special auxiliary tool, a forging stock is manufactured, the height of an ingot body in the forging stock is L3, and the diameter of the ingot body in the forging stock is D7; wherein the special assistive device comprises a cover plate and a leakage disc, a first groove is formed in the cover plate, a second groove is formed in the leakage disc, the first groove and the second groove are oppositely arranged, the size of the first groove is matched with the water gap ingot bottom in the material blank, and the size of the second groove is matched with the material head in the material blank; and S3, the forging stock is heated and then subjected to secondary drawing-out, the forging ratio of all parts is larger than or equal to 1.5, material heads and water gap ingot bottom waste materials are cut off through a mincing knife, and the shaft part is manufactured. The shaft part prepared according to the method is relatively short in preparation period and relatively high in working efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of forging, and in particular to a shaft part and an efficient preparation method thereof, and a special auxiliary tool. Background Art

[0002] Forging technology is a process that can improve the performance of a workpiece by changing its external shape and internal structure.

[0003] At present, when shaft parts are forged, their preparation process includes the pressing of the jaws and the gas cutting nozzle discards, both of which need to be completed before upsetting. The pressing jaws are to forge a clamping part on the steel ingot to facilitate the subsequent forging process such as drawing; the gas cutting nozzle discards are to retain the high-quality parts of the steel ingot and ensure the flaw detection pass rate of the forgings. After the forging is completed, there are usually process-related waste materials such as bulging at both ends of the shaft parts. If left on the forging, the machining cycle will be extended, so gas cutting is required again. The pressing jaws and multiple gas cutting not only seriously affect the manufacturing cycle of shaft parts, but also lead to high production costs of shaft parts. In addition, the gas cutting process produces a large amount of smoke and toxic gases, which seriously pollutes the environment.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an efficient and green preparation method that can meet the size and performance requirements while shortening the production cycle and improving production efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a shaft component and an efficient preparation method thereof, and a special auxiliary tool to shorten the preparation cycle.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an efficient method for preparing a shaft component, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: After heating the steel ingot, it is stretched once to obtain a billet; wherein,

[0008] The blank is composed of a blank head, a blank body and a nozzle bottom; the total length of the blank is L1, the diameter of the blank body is D2, and the length is L2;

[0009] S2: Upsetting, using a special auxiliary tool to upset the heated billet to obtain a forging billet, the height of the ingot in the forging billet is L3, and the diameter is D7; wherein,

[0010] The special auxiliary tool comprises a cover plate and a drain plate, the cover plate is provided with a first groove, the drain plate is provided with a second groove, the first groove and the second groove are arranged opposite to each other, the size of the first groove is adapted to the bottom of the nozzle ingot in the blank, and the size of the second groove is adapted to the head of the blank;

[0011] S3: After heating the forging blank, the forging blank is stretched for a second time, and the forging ratio of each part is ≥1.5. The material head and the bottom of the nozzle are cut off with a chopping knife to obtain the shaft parts.

[0012] Furthermore, the steel type of the steel ingot is alloy steel.

[0013] Furthermore, the heating temperature is 1100-1250°C.

[0014] Furthermore, in S2, L2 / L3=1.8-2.3.

[0015] Furthermore, before the secondary stretching in S3, pre-stretching is also included.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a shaft-type component, which is prepared by the preparation method of the present invention.

[0017] Furthermore, the shaft parts include supporting rollers, connecting rods and rotating shafts.

[0018] In the third aspect, the present invention provides a special auxiliary tool for implementing the preparation method described in the present invention, the special auxiliary tool includes a cover plate and a drain plate, the cover plate is provided with a first groove, the drain plate is provided with a second groove, the first groove and the second groove are arranged opposite to each other, the size of the first groove is adapted to the bottom of the water inlet in the blank, and the size of the second groove is adapted to the head of the blank.

[0019] Furthermore, the first groove is truncated cone-shaped, the diameter of the upper bottom surface of the first groove is D4, D4=d1+20-50mm; β=10°-30°; the height of the first groove is H1, H1=Ld;

[0020] Where d1 is the diameter of the bottom of the nozzle ingot in the billet, and Ld is the height of the bottom of the nozzle ingot in the billet.

[0021] Furthermore, the second groove is truncated cone-shaped, the diameter of the upper bottom surface of the second groove is D6, D6=D2+20-50mm; α=1°-3°, and the height of the second groove is H3, H3≈0.2G*1000 / 6.162 / (D2) 2 .

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The preparation method of the present invention includes primary drawing, upsetting, secondary drawing and cutting of discarded materials, and upsetting is performed with the assistance of a cover plate and a drain plate, and shaft parts can be successfully prepared. In addition, the preparation method of the present invention does not require a jaw pressing operation, and only requires cutting of discarded materials once, which can greatly shorten the forging cycle, improve production efficiency, and save resources and production costs.

[0024] 2. The special auxiliary tool of the present invention includes a cover plate and a drain plate, wherein the cover plate is provided with a first groove, and the drain plate is provided with a second groove, and the first groove and the second groove are arranged opposite to each other. Insert the head of the blank into the second groove, and then cover the cover plate on the blank, and insert the bottom of the nozzle ingot in the blank into the first groove. With the assistance of the cover plate and the drain plate, the blank is in a vertical state, and then upsetting is performed to make the blank flow along its own radial direction, and the height in the vertical direction gradually decreases. Under the action of the cover plate and the drain plate, it is ensured that the two ends of the blank (i.e., the head and the bottom of the nozzle ingot) do not participate in the deformation, which effectively prevents impurities in the head and the bottom of the nozzle ingot, such as shrinkage cavities, shrinkage and slag inclusions, from entering the body of the blank and affecting the performance of shaft parts.

[0025] 3. The cover plate of the present invention is provided with a first groove, and the drain plate is provided with a second groove. Both the first groove and the second groove are truncated cone-shaped, which is convenient for smooth removal after upsetting.

[0026] 4. The present invention adds a first drawing process before the second drawing process, which can effectively reduce the tendency of deformation and cracking, especially for billets with poor plasticity or large diameter, and avoid defects such as cracks.

[0027] In the present invention, the above-mentioned technical solutions can also be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combination solutions. Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the subsequent description, and some advantages can become obvious from the description, or can be understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained through the contents particularly pointed out in the description and the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] The drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be considered limiting of the present invention. Like reference symbols denote like components throughout the drawings.

[0029] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a steel ingot;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the blank obtained after one-time drawing;

[0031] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the cover;

[0032] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the leaking disk;

[0033] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the blank before upsetting;

[0034] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the blank after upsetting;

[0035] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the location of discarded material removal after secondary drawing;

[0036] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the support roller;

[0037] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of a universal upsetting cover plate;

[0038] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of a universal upsetting drain pan;

[0039] Fig.11 is a schematic diagram of the rotating shaft;

[0040] In the figure, 1, cover plate; 2, blank; 3, drain pan. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the accompanying drawings constitute a part of the present invention and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0042] During the preparation process of shaft parts, the first step is to gas cut the nozzle to discard the material and the riser to press the jaws, then perform multiple upsetting and drawing, and finally gas cut the excess material. The forging cycle is long and the production efficiency is low. In addition, a large amount of harmful gases are generated during the gas cutting process, which is very harmful to both the operators and the environment.

[0043] Therefore, the present invention provides an efficient preparation method for shaft parts, comprising the following steps:

[0044] S1: After heating the steel ingot, it is stretched once to obtain a billet; wherein,

[0045] The blank is composed of a blank head, a blank body and a nozzle bottom; the total length of the blank is L1, the diameter of the blank body is D2, and the length is L2;

[0046] S2: Upsetting, using a special auxiliary tool to upset the heated billet to obtain a forging billet, the height of the ingot in the forging billet is L3, and the diameter is D7; wherein,

[0047] The special auxiliary tool comprises a cover plate and a drain plate, the cover plate is provided with a first groove, the drain plate is provided with a second groove, the first groove and the second groove are arranged opposite to each other, the size of the first groove is adapted to the bottom of the nozzle ingot in the blank, and the size of the second groove is adapted to the head of the blank;

[0048] S3: After heating the forging blank, the forging blank is stretched for a second time, and the forging ratio of each part is ≥1.5. The material head and the bottom of the nozzle are cut off with a chopping knife to obtain the shaft parts.

[0049] Compared with the prior art, the method for preparing shaft parts of the present invention does not require the jaw pressing operation, but directly performs a first drawing operation, then performs upsetting under the action of a special auxiliary tool, and finally performs a second drawing operation, cuts off the waste material, and obtains the shaft parts. The overall preparation process of the shaft parts has a short cycle, and only requires one cutting, saving resources and production costs.

[0050] Reference Figure 1 The present invention adopts a gravity casting method to pour molten steel into an ingot mold, and obtains an ingot after cooling and forming. The ingot consists of a riser, an ingot body and a nozzle bottom, wherein the riser is located at the upper end of the ingot body and the nozzle bottom is located at the lower end of the ingot body.

[0051] In order to facilitate the demoulding of the steel ingot, the cross-axial cross-section of the steel ingot mold at the ingot body and the bottom of the nozzle is an inverted trapezoid, wherein the diameter of the riser end of the ingot body is D0, and the diameter of the bottom end of the nozzle of the ingot body is D1; ​​the diameter of the bottom of the nozzle in the steel ingot is d1, and the height of the bottom of the nozzle in the steel ingot is Ld.

[0052] Reference Figure 2 After the steel ingot is heated, it is directly stretched once. Under the action of the forging press, the diameter of the ingot body becomes smaller, and the excess metal in the ingot body is controlled to move toward the riser. After one stretching, a blank is obtained. The obtained blank consists of a head, a body and a nozzle bottom. The total length of the blank is L1. The diameters of the head and the body of the blank are both D2, and the length of the body is L2.

[0053] Specifically, the diameter D2 of the body of the blank needs to meet the requirements of D2=D1~(D1-100mm); L2 / D2≤2.5.

[0054] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 The present invention uses a special auxiliary tool to upset the blank to obtain a forging blank. The special auxiliary tool includes a cover plate and a drain plate. The cover plate and the drain plate can be a cube, a cuboid or a cylinder, and can be selected according to actual production.

[0055] A first groove is provided on the cover plate, and a second groove is provided on the drain plate. Both the first groove and the second groove are truncated cone-shaped. The size of the first groove matches the bottom of the nozzle ingot, and the size of the second groove matches the head of the blank.

[0056] Specifically, the cover plate is a cylinder with a diameter of D3 and a height of H0. The first groove is a truncated cone, the diameter of the upper bottom surface of the first groove is D4, and the height of the first groove is H1, which needs to satisfy D4 = d1 + (20-50) mm, H1 = Ld, β = 10°-30°. The cross-axial section of the first groove is an isosceles trapezoid, and β is the angle between the two hypotenuses.

[0057] Specifically, the drain plate is a cylinder with a diameter of D5 and a height of H2. The second groove is a truncated cone, the diameter of the upper bottom surface of the second groove is D6, and the height of the second groove is H3, which needs to satisfy D6 = D2 + (20-50) mm; α = 1°-3°, H3 ≈ 0.2G*1000 / 6.162 / (D2) 2 The cross-axial section of the second groove is an isosceles trapezoid, α is the angle between the two hypotenuses, H3 is the height of the second groove, and G is the weight of the steel ingot or the specification of the steel ingot (unit / ton).

[0058] Reference Figure 5 During the upsetting process, the drain plate is first placed on the ground, with the opening of the second groove in the drain plate away from the ground; then the blank is placed on the drain plate, and the head of the blank is inserted into the second groove on the drain plate; finally, the cover plate is placed on the blank, with the opening of the first groove in the cover plate facing the drain plate; and the bottom of the nozzle in the blank is inserted into the first groove on the cover plate. The central axes of the first groove, the blank and the second groove are collinear and perpendicular to the ground.

[0059] Reference Figure 6 Under the action of the forging press, the length of the material body in the billet gradually decreases to L3. At the same time, the material body in the billet extends along its own radial direction, and the diameter after extension is D7. In addition, under the action of the cover plate and the drain plate, the billet head and the nozzle bottom of the billet do not deform with the body of the billet, and maintain the state before upsetting, thereby ensuring that the impurities in the billet head and the nozzle bottom of the billet will not enter the body of the billet, affecting the performance of the shaft parts.

[0060] Specifically, in S2, L2 / L3=1.8-2.3 needs to be satisfied.

[0061] Reference Figure 7 The forging blank obtained after upsetting is heated and then drawn for the second time, and the diameter after the second drawing is D8; then forgings of different diameters are prepared, and finally the waste material at the head and the bottom of the nozzle is cut off with a chopper to obtain shaft parts.

[0062] Specifically, before S3, it also includes the pre-pull length.

[0063] In the present invention, at least two stretching operations are required. The first stretching operation is mainly performed on the riser end and the riser of the ingot. The overall diameter of the blank obtained after the first stretching operation is uniform, and it is subsequently upset with a special auxiliary tool. The second stretching operation is mainly performed after upset, and it is mainly to prepare the forging blank into different diameters, and the diameter of the obtained shaft parts decreases from the middle to the two ends. When the ingot shape of the steel ingot is large, in order to avoid increasing the tendency of the forging blank to crack or generating cracks during the second stretching operation, it is necessary to perform pre-stretching before the second stretching operation to ensure the formability of the shaft parts.

[0064] In the present invention, only one cutting is performed after the secondary drawing preparation, and flame cutting is not used to cut the waste material, which shortens the production time and does not generate pollutants such as smoke, toxic gas, etc. when cutting the waste material.

[0065] Specifically, the heating temperature is 1100-1250°C.

[0066] In the heating temperature range of 1100-1250℃, during the drawing and upsetting process, the forging blank has good plasticity and toughness, is easy to deform and form, and can reduce the internal stress and defect problems of the forging blank. When the heating temperature is greater than 1250℃, the heating temperature is too high, causing the grains to become coarse, which has an adverse effect on the performance of the forging; when the heating temperature is less than 1100℃, the temperature is too low during the drawing and upsetting process, and the recrystallization process cannot proceed, resulting in large deformation resistance, poor plasticity, and easy cracks in the forging.

[0067] Illustratively, during the drawing and upsetting process, the heating temperature may be 1100°C, 1120°C, 1130°C, 1150°C, 1180°C, 1200°C, 1230°C or 1250°C.

[0068] The preparation method of the present invention is suitable for preparing shaft parts, such as supporting rollers, connecting rods and rotating shafts.

[0069] In order to more clearly describe the present invention, it is further illustrated by the following examples and comparative examples.

[0070] Example 1 and Comparative Example 1

[0071] Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 both use 43T integral mold steel ingots, the diameter of the ingot body riser end D0 = φ1562mm, the diameter of the ingot body water inlet bottom end D1 = φ1361mm, the ingot body length L0 is 2484mm; the diameter of the water inlet bottom d1 = 610mm, and the height of the water inlet bottom Ld = 293mm;

[0072] The material of the steel ingot is YB-70. Calculated by mass percentage, the chemical composition is C: 0.48%~0.58%, Si: 0.40%~0.70%, Mn: 0.40%~0.70%, S≤0.015%, P≤0.015%, Cr: 4.50%~5.50%, Ni: 0.40%~0.50%, Mo: 0.45%~0.60%, V: 0.10~0.20%.

[0073] The steel ingot is used to prepare a support roller, and the support roller is as follows: Figure 8 As shown, from left to right it is divided into the first section, the second section, the third section, the fourth section and the fifth section.

[0074] Example 1

[0075] The preparation of the support roller includes the following steps:

[0076] S1: After heating the steel ingot to 1250°C, the steel ingot is directly stretched once to obtain a billet;

[0077] The diameter of the blank is D2 = φ1350 mm, and the length is L2 = 2950 mm;

[0078] S2: heating the blank to 1250°C, and upsetting the heated blank using a special auxiliary tool to obtain a forging blank, wherein the height of the ingot in the forging blank is L3=1500mm, and the diameter is D7=1890mm;

[0079] The outer diameter of the cover plate is D3 = 3000 mm, and the height is H0 = 1000 mm; the diameter of the upper bottom surface of the first groove is D4 = 630 mm, the angle β = 30°, and the height of the first groove is H1 = 300 mm;

[0080] The outer diameter of the drain plate is D5 = 3200 mm, and the height is H2 = 1250 mm; the diameter of the upper bottom surface of the second groove is D6 = 1400 mm, the angle α = 1.5°, and the height of the second groove is H3 = 750 mm;

[0081] S3: heating the forging billet to 1250° C. and pre-drawing the billet to a length of φ1700 mm;

[0082] S4: The forging blank is heated to 1250°C, and is stretched twice to D8=1355 mm. Then, starting from the third section, the second section and the fourth section, the first section and the fifth section are stretched in sequence. Finally, the material head and the waste material at the bottom of the nozzle are cut off with a chopping knife to obtain a support roller.

[0083] Comparative Example 1

[0084] Comparative Example 1 adopts a conventional method to prepare a support roller, comprising the following steps:

[0085] S1: Heat the steel ingot to 1250℃, set the riser pressure jaw to φ850mm, chamfer the ingot body (ignore the change in the ingot body length when chamfering, L2≈L0), and cut off 100mm of the bottom of the ingot body at the nozzle by gas cutting;

[0086] S2: Heat the forging billet to 1250°C, and use a general upsetting plate and an upsetting cover plate to upset the billet to L3 = 1350 mm (L2 / L3 = 1.8-2.3); the diameter D7 ≈ φ2000 mm;

[0087] Reference Fig. 9 , the upsetting cover plate is a spherical cover plate; the outer diameter of the spherical cover plate is D11 = 3000mm, D10 = 2000mm, R = 5500 ~ 6500mm, H10 = 600mm;

[0088] Reference Fig.10 , D14 = 2650mm, D13 = 2600mm, D12 = 850mm, height H8 = 150mm, H9 = 1200mm in the upsetting drain pan;

[0089] S3: Heat the forging billet to 1250°C and pre-draw the long ingot to φ1700mm;

[0090] S4: Heat the forging billet to 1250°C, and draw the ingot twice to D8=φ1355mm; then, starting from the third section, draw the second and fourth sections, the first and fifth sections in sequence, cut off the discarded materials with a chopper, and obtain the support roller.

[0091] Example 2 and Comparative Example 2

[0092] Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 both use 96T integral mold steel ingots, the diameter of the ingot body riser end D0 = φ2134mm, the diameter of the ingot body water inlet bottom end D1 = φ1902mm, the ingot body length L0 is 2856mm; the diameter of the water inlet bottom d1 = 1120mm, and the height of the water inlet bottom Ld = 342mm;

[0093] The material of the steel ingot is 60CrNiMo. Calculated by mass percentage, the chemical composition is C: 0.55%~0.65%, Si: 0.20%~0.40%, Mn: 0.60%~1.00%, S≤0.030%, P≤0.030%, Cr: 0.70%~1.00%, Ni: 1.50%~2.00%, Mo: 0.10%~0.30%.

[0094] The above steel ingot is used to prepare a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is as follows Fig.11 As shown, from left to right it is divided into Section I, Section II and Section III.

[0095] Example 2

[0096] The preparation of the shaft comprises the following steps:

[0097] S1: After heating the steel ingot to 1250°C, the steel ingot is directly stretched once to obtain a billet;

[0098] The diameter of the blank is D2 = φ1900mm, and the length of the blank is L2 = 3190mm;

[0099] S2: heating the blank to 1250°C, and upsetting the heated blank using a special auxiliary tool to obtain a forging blank, wherein the height of the ingot in the forging blank is L3=1600mm, and the diameter is D7=2650mm;

[0100] The outer diameter of the cover plate is D3 = 3200 mm, and the height is H0 = 1000 mm; the diameter of the upper bottom surface of the first groove is D4 = 1150 mm, the angle β = 30°, and the height of the first groove is H1 = 350 mm;

[0101] The outer diameter of the drain plate is D5 = 3600 mm, and the height is H2 = 1350 mm; the diameter of the upper bottom surface of the second groove is D6 = 1950 mm, the angle α = 1.5°, and the height of the second groove is H3 = 850 mm;

[0102] S3: The forging blank is heated to 1250° C. and pre-drawn to a length of φ1950 mm.

[0103] S4: The forging blank is heated to 1250°C, and is drawn twice to D8=φ1565mm, and then, starting from the second section, the first section and the third section are drawn in sequence, and the waste material is cut off by a chopper to obtain a rotating shaft.

[0104] Comparative Example 2

[0105] The steps for preparing the rotating shaft in Comparative Example 2 are substantially the same as those in Example 2, except that in the steps of Comparative Example 2:

[0106] S3: The forging blank is heated to 1250°C and pre-drawn to a length of φ1800mm.

[0107] S4: After S3, the forging ratio of the middle section (section II) of the shaft is less than 1.5, and the S4 fire is performed. The initial forging temperature is 1100°C, and the shaft is drawn to D8=φ1565mm. Then, starting from section II, sections I and III are drawn in sequence, and the waste material is cut off by a chopper to obtain the shaft.

[0108] Performance Testing

[0109] The total forging time of the above-mentioned Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2 is measured from the start of processing the steel ingot until the end of forging (the total forging time does not include the transportation time, but only includes the processing time, such as gas cutting, heating, forging, etc.). The results of Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2 are shown in Table 1.

[0110] Table 1 Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2

[0111]

[0112] The hardness of the first to fifth sections of the support rollers obtained in the above-mentioned Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 was tested. The hardness test results are shown in Table 2.

[0113] Table 2 Hardness test results (HSD)

[0114]

[0115] Referring to Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 and in combination with Tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that the performance of the support rollers obtained by the methods of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 meets the requirements. However, when the support roller is prepared by the method provided in Example 1, the preparation cycle is shorter and the cost is lower than that of Comparative Example 1.

[0116] The performance of the rotating shafts obtained in the above-mentioned Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 was tested, and the mechanical property test results of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 are shown in Table 3.

[0117] Table 3 Mechanical properties test results

[0118]

[0119] Referring to Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 and in combination with Table 3, it can be seen that the performance of the obtained shafts meets the requirements when the shafts are prepared by the methods of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2. However, when the shaft is prepared by the method provided by Example 2, the preparation cycle is shorter and the cost is lower than that of Comparative Example 2.

[0120] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An efficient preparation method for shaft parts, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: After heating the steel ingot, it is stretched once to obtain a billet; wherein, The blank is composed of a blank head, a blank body and a nozzle bottom; the total length of the blank is L1, the diameter of the blank body is D2, and the length is L2; S2: Upsetting, using a special auxiliary tool to upset the heated billet to obtain a forging billet, the height of the ingot in the forging billet is L3, and the diameter is D7; wherein, The special auxiliary tool comprises a cover plate and a drain plate, the cover plate is provided with a first groove, the drain plate is provided with a second groove, the first groove and the second groove are arranged opposite to each other, the size of the first groove is adapted to the bottom of the nozzle ingot in the blank, and the size of the second groove is adapted to the head of the blank; S3: After heating the forging blank, the forging blank is stretched for a second time, and the forging ratio of each part is ≥1.

5. The material head and the bottom of the nozzle are cut off with a chopping knife to obtain the shaft parts.

2. The efficient preparation method of shaft parts according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The steel type of the steel ingot is alloy steel.

3. The efficient preparation method of shaft parts according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The heating temperature is 1100-1250°C.

4. The efficient preparation method of shaft parts according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S2, L2 / L3=1.8~2.

3.

5. The efficient preparation method of shaft parts according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Before the S3 secondary drawing, it also includes pre-drawing.

6. A shaft component, characterized in that: The method is prepared by any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. The shaft component according to claim 6, characterized in that: The shaft parts include supporting rollers, connecting rods and rotating shafts.

8. A special auxiliary tool for implementing the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The special auxiliary tool includes a cover plate and a drain plate, the cover plate is provided with a first groove, the drain plate is provided with a second groove, the first groove and the second groove are arranged opposite to each other, the size of the first groove is adapted to the bottom of the water ingot in the blank, and the size of the second groove is adapted to the material head in the blank.

9. The special auxiliary tool according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first groove is truncated cone-shaped, the diameter of the upper bottom surface of the first groove is D4, D4=d1+20-50mm; β=10°-30°; the height of the first groove is H1, H1=Ld; Where d1 is the diameter of the bottom of the nozzle ingot in the billet, and Ld is the height of the bottom of the nozzle ingot in the billet.

10. The special auxiliary tool according to claim 8, characterized in that: The second groove is truncated cone-shaped, the diameter of the upper bottom surface of the second groove is D6, D6=D2+20-50mm; α=1°-3°, the height of the second groove is H3, H3≈0.2G*1000 / 6.162 / (D2) 2 .

Images