Machining method for special-shaped thin-wall part

Abstract

The invention discloses a machining method of a special-shaped thin-walled workpiece, which belongs to the technical field of workpiece machining and comprises the following steps: selecting a blank with a set size according to the size of the special-shaped thin-walled workpiece; the blank is milled according to the size of the special-shaped thin-wall part; the shape of the special-shaped thin-wall part is obtained, and the blank is cut into a preliminary part matched with the size of the special-shaped thin-wall part; a positioning and clamping tool is arranged according to the appearance of the special-shaped thin-wall part, and the preliminary part is placed in the positioning and clamping tool; and the positioning and clamping tool is fixed, so that one face of the preliminary part is open, the surface of the preliminary part is machined through a vertical machining center, and the special-shaped thin-wall part with the set shape and the open hole is obtained. According to the special-shaped thin-wall part machining tool, the mode that cutting and vertical machining center machining are matched is adopted, clamping and deformation control over parts are reduced in the machining process of the special-shaped thin-wall part, rapid positioning, easy clamping, less disassembly and the like of special-shaped thin-wall part machining are achieved, and the machining efficiency and the machining quality of the special-shaped thin-wall part can be guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of workpiece processing, and in particular relates to a processing method for a special-shaped thin-walled workpiece. Background Art

[0002] Special-shaped thin-walled parts usually refer to workpieces with irregular shapes, complex curved surfaces, bends, depressions or protrusions. Due to their complex shapes, special-shaped thin-walled parts can meet specific functional requirements. For example, in the aerospace field, special-shaped thin-walled parts can be attached to the complex surface of aircraft to reduce air resistance; in the field of medical devices, complex shapes can be designed according to the human body structure to facilitate diagnosis or treatment.

[0003] Special-shaped thin-walled parts are mostly processed by stamping, bending and other methods, but there are usually many problems in the field of mechanical processing, such as clamping positioning and processing deformation. When the precision requirements for parts are high, the conventional pressure plate or vise clamping method cannot guarantee whether it can be clamped, and the parts are easy to deform. The clamping processing efficiency is low, and thin plate parts are prone to uneven force, serious deformation, uneven quality levels, inconsistent thickness of workpieces, etc., which seriously affect the production efficiency and processing quality of special-shaped thin-walled parts. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of one or more of the above defects or improvement needs in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for processing special-shaped thin-walled parts, so as to solve the problems of uneven force, severe deformation, inconsistent thickness of workpieces, etc. that are prone to occur during the processing of existing special-shaped thin-walled parts.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for processing a special-shaped thin-walled part, which comprises the following steps: S1. Selecting and setting a size blank according to the size of the special-shaped thin-walled part, wherein the size of the blank is larger than the size of the special-shaped thin-walled part; S2, milling the blank according to the size of the special-shaped thin-walled part to obtain a blank matching the size of the special-shaped thin-walled part; S3, obtaining the shape of the special-shaped thin-walled part; S4, cutting the blank into preliminary parts that are adapted to the size of the special-shaped thin-walled parts; S5. Setting a positioning and clamping tool according to the shape of the special-shaped thin-walled part, and placing the preliminary part in the positioning and clamping tool; the positioning and clamping tool has a notch with three sides open, and the shape of the notch is adapted to the shape of the special-shaped thin-walled part; S6. Fix the positioning fixture so that one side of the preliminary part is opened, and use a vertical machining center to process the surface of the preliminary part to obtain a special-shaped thin-walled part with a set shape and opening.

[0006] As a further improvement of the present invention, the special-shaped thin-walled part includes a straight portion and a curved portion; The straight portion is arranged in a rectangular shape, and a plurality of through holes are formed on the straight portion; One end of the curved portion is connected to one side of the straight portion, the other end of the curved portion extends in a direction away from the straight portion, and the end of the curved portion away from the straight portion and the straight portion are located in different planes.

[0007] As a further improvement of the present invention, the positioning and clamping tool comprises a clamping base, the clamping base is provided with at least one workpiece clamping opening, the workpiece clamping opening is provided with a notch of the same shape as the special-shaped thin-walled part, and the depth of the notch is greater than the thickness of the straight portion and the curved portion of the special-shaped thin-walled part; The notch is provided with a card interface at both side walls connected to the straight portion and the curved portion, and the two card interfaces of the notch abut against the ends of the straight portion and the curved portion respectively; The width of the positioning and clamping tool is the same as the width of the special-shaped thin-walled part. When the special-shaped thin-walled part is embedded in the notch, both sides of the special-shaped thin-walled part in the width direction are flush with both ends of the positioning and clamping tool in the width direction.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, the width of the special-shaped thin-walled part is L1, the length is L2, the height formed by the straight part and the curved part is L3, and the thickness is L4; In step S1, the length of the blank is n×(L3+3)+10 mm, the width is L2+5 mm, the thickness is L1+2, and n is a natural number.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the blank obtained after milling in step S2 has a length of n×(L3+3) mm, a width of L2+5 mm, and a thickness of L1 mm.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the positioning fixture is fixed on the processing table by a positioning fixture, and the positioning fixture includes: A fixed base, wherein an abutting portion and a sliding portion are provided on the fixed base, the sliding portion is slidably arranged on the fixed base, and an installation gap for the positioning and clamping tooling is reserved between the sliding portion and the abutting portion; The fixed base is provided with a slide rail, and the sliding part slides to match the slide rail; An abutment rod is further provided at one end of the sliding portion away from the abutment portion. The abutment rod is threadably matched on the fixed base, and one end of the abutment rod abuts against the sliding portion.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, a cushion block is provided between the abutting portion and the sliding portion, and the thickness of the cushion block is adjustable.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, a cushion block is provided between the abutting portion and the sliding portion, and the thickness of the cushion block is adjustable.

[0013] The above-mentioned improved technical features can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0014] In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The processing method of the special-shaped thin-walled parts of the present invention first obtains a thin-walled structure that is adapted to the size of the special-shaped thin-walled parts by cutting. The cutting method can ensure that the force applied to the parts during the processing of the parts is uniform and small, and deformation and other problems are not easy to occur. Secondly, the preliminary parts are placed by positioning and clamping tools, and then the positioning and clamping tools are fixed. The whole process basically does not apply pressure to the preliminary parts, ensuring that the special-shaped thin-walled parts will not be deformed during the processing. This application adopts the combination of cutting and vertical machining center processing to reduce the clamping and deformation control of parts during the processing of special-shaped thin-walled parts, and realizes the rapid positioning, easy clamping, and less disassembly of the mechanical processing of special-shaped thin-walled parts, ensuring the processing efficiency and processing quality of special-shaped thin-walled parts.

[0015] (2) The processing method of the special-shaped thin-walled parts of the present invention can realize the preliminary processing of multiple special-shaped thin-walled parts at the same time by selecting the blank size and using wire cutting to obtain multiple preliminary parts; at the same time, the positioning and clamping tooling is provided with placement slots for multiple preliminary parts, so that the processing method can realize the simultaneous processing of multiple special-shaped thin-walled parts, greatly improving the processing efficiency of special-shaped thin-walled parts.

[0016] (3) The processing method of the special-shaped thin-walled parts of the present invention is to open a card interface at the notch of the positioning and clamping tooling, and the card interface respectively abuts the two ends of the special-shaped thin-walled part, and then fix the positioning and clamping tooling by a positioning fixture. The positioning fixture fixes the two lateral ends of the special-shaped thin-walled part while fixing the positioning and clamping tooling. The special-shaped thin-walled part will not be clamped during the overall fixing process, but the special-shaped thin-walled part can be fixed, which is convenient for the subsequent vertical machining center to punch holes on the surface of the special-shaped thin-walled part. The entire processing process will not cause deformation of the special-shaped thin-walled part, thereby ensuring the processing yield of the special-shaped thin-walled part. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a special-shaped thin-walled part according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the positioning and clamping tooling in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the positioning fixture in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4It is a schematic flow chart of a method for processing special-shaped thin-walled parts in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] In all the drawings, the same reference numerals represent the same technical features, specifically: 1. Special-shaped thin-walled parts; 2. Positioning and clamping tooling; 3. Positioning fixture; 101, straight portion; 102, curved portion; 201, clamping base; 202, workpiece clamping port; 203, card interface; 301, fixed base; 302, abutment portion; 303, sliding portion; 304, abutment rod; 305, cushion block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0020] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that, unless otherwise specified, terms such as “center”, “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “clockwise”, “counterclockwise”, “axial”, “radial”, “circumferential”, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0021] In addition, unless otherwise specified, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0022] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0023] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0024] Example: See also Figures 1 to 4 The processing method of the special-shaped thin-walled part in the preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps: S1, select and set the size of the blank according to the size of the special-shaped thin-walled part 1, and the size of the blank is larger than the size of the special-shaped thin-walled part; S2, milling the blank according to the size of the special-shaped thin-walled part 1 to obtain a blank matching the size of the special-shaped thin-walled part 1; S3, obtaining the shape of the special-shaped thin-walled part 1; S4, cutting the blank into preliminary parts that are adapted to the size of the special-shaped thin-walled part 1; S5. According to the shape of the special-shaped thin-walled part 1, a positioning and clamping tool 2 is set, and the preliminary part is placed in the positioning and clamping tool 2; the positioning and clamping tool 2 has a notch with three sides open, and the shape of the notch is adapted to the shape of the special-shaped thin-walled part 1; S6. Fix the positioning and clamping tool 2 so that one side of the preliminary part is open, and use a vertical machining center to process the surface of the preliminary part to obtain a special-shaped thin-walled part 1 with a set shape and an opening.

[0025] Specifically, the processing method of the special-shaped thin-walled parts in the present invention first obtains a thin-walled structure that is adapted to the size of the special-shaped thin-walled parts 1 by cutting. The cutting method can ensure that the force applied during the processing of the parts is uniform and small, and deformation and other problems are not easy to occur; secondly, the preliminary parts are placed by positioning and clamping tooling 2, and then the positioning and clamping tooling 2 is fixed. In the whole process, there is basically no pressure on the preliminary parts, ensuring that deformation problems will not occur during the processing of the special-shaped thin-walled parts 1. The present application adopts the processing form of cutting and vertical machining center, which reduces the clamping and deformation control of parts during the processing of the special-shaped thin-walled parts 1, realizes the rapid positioning, easy clamping and less disassembly of the machining of the special-shaped thin-walled parts 1, and ensures the processing efficiency and processing quality of the special-shaped thin-walled parts 1.

[0026] Further, as an optional embodiment of the present invention, the shaped thin-walled part 1 in the present application includes a straight portion 101 and a curved portion 102; wherein the straight portion 101 is arranged in a rectangular shape, and a plurality of through holes are provided on the straight portion 101; one end of the curved portion 102 is connected to one side of the straight portion 101, and the other end of the curved portion 102 extends in a direction away from the straight portion 101, and the end of the curved portion 102 away from the straight portion 101 is located in a different plane from the straight portion 101. The shaped thin-walled part 1 in the present application is in a "J" shape as a whole, and a plurality of through holes are provided in the area where the straight portion 101 is located.

[0027] Correspondingly, for the special-shaped thin-walled part 1 in the present application, the positioning and clamping tool 2 in the present application includes a clamping base 201, on which at least one workpiece clamping port 202 is provided, and on which a notch of the same shape as the special-shaped thin-walled part 1 is provided, and the depth of the notch is greater than the thickness of the straight portion 101 and the curved portion 102 of the special-shaped thin-walled part; and, at the two side walls where the notch connects with the straight portion 101 and the curved portion 102, card interfaces 203 are respectively provided, and the two card interfaces 203 of the notch respectively abut against the ends of the straight portion 101 and the curved portion 102; the width of the positioning and clamping tool 2 is the same as that of the special-shaped thin-walled part 1, and when the special-shaped thin-walled part 1 is embedded in the notch, the two sides of the special-shaped thin-walled part 1 in the width direction are flush with the two ends of the positioning tool in the width direction. When using the positioning and clamping tool 2 in the present application to fix the special-shaped thin-walled parts, it is necessary to ensure that the positioning and clamping tool 2 can basically limit the special-shaped thin-walled parts 1 and will not cause deformation of the special-shaped thin-walled parts 1. The present application sets a workpiece clamping opening 202 with three-sided openings on the clamping base 201, which is used for the basic limiting of the special-shaped thin-walled parts. The card interfaces 203 at both ends of the notch are used to preliminarily lock the two ends (straight part 101 and curved part 102) of the special-shaped thin-walled parts 1 in the length direction. The two ends of the clamping base 201 in the width direction are flush with the special-shaped thin-walled parts 1, so that when the positioning and clamping tool 2 is positioned subsequently, the special-shaped thin-walled parts 1 are positioned at the same time, and the special-shaped thin-walled parts 1 will not be excessively squeezed, etc. The upper part of the notch reserves space for the tool of the vertical machining center to extend, so as to facilitate the processing of the area where the straight part 101 is located, and to perform processes such as hole opening on it to realize the forming of the special-shaped thin-walled parts. The special structure of the positioning and clamping tool 2 in the present application enables the positioning and clamping tool 2 to initially restrict the special-shaped thin-walled part 1 without causing deformation of the special-shaped thin-walled part 1 or uneven processing force, thereby ensuring the processing accuracy of the special-shaped thin-walled part 1.

[0028] Preferably, the two card interfaces 203 of the workpiece clamping port 202 in the present application are set in different directions, wherein the card interface 203 used to limit one end of the straight portion 101 is U-shaped, and the thickness of the U-shaped opening is the same as the thickness of the special-shaped thin-walled part 1, and the straight portion 101 of the special-shaped thin-walled part 1 can be smoothly embedded in the card interface 203; the card interface 203 used to limit the curved portion 102 is connected to the notch, the bending curvature of the card interface 203 matches the end face of the curved portion 102, and the bottom surface of the card interface 203 forms the abutment surface of the end face of the curved portion 102, and the special-shaped thin-walled part 1 can be restricted by the two card interfaces 203 to achieve the limitation of the special-shaped thin-walled part 1 in the length direction and the height direction.

[0029] Optionally, the positioning and clamping tool 2 in the present application is provided with three workpiece clamping openings 202. The positioning and clamping tool 2 is provided with multiple workpiece clamping openings 202 to realize one-time processing of multiple special-shaped thin-walled parts 1, so as to improve the workpiece forming efficiency.

[0030] Further, as an optional embodiment of the present invention, the width of the shaped thin-walled part 1 in the present application is L1, the length is L2, the height formed by the straight portion 101 and the curved portion 102 is L3, and the overall thickness of the shaped thin-walled part 1 is L4. For the shaped thin-walled part 1, the length of the blank in step S1 of the present application is n×(L3+3)+10mm, the width is L2+5mm, and the thickness is L1+2, where n is a natural number. The blank can be selected to have a length of n×(L3+3)+10mm, so that a single wire cutting can simultaneously cut multiple shaped thin-walled parts 1. At the same time, a certain margin is set for the length, width, thickness, etc. of the blank to facilitate adjustment during subsequent processing to ensure that the processed shaped thin-walled part 1 meets the set size.

[0031] Furthermore, the blank obtained after squaring in step S2 of the present application has a length of n×(L3+3) mm, a width of L2+5 mm, and a thickness of L1 mm. Squaring is mainly achieved by the rotary motion of the milling cutter and the feeding of the workpiece to achieve cutting processing. The blank selected in step S1 is allowed to have a certain size deviation, and the set size can be obtained after squaring, so that the subsequent wire cutting can obtain the special-shaped thin-walled part 1 matching the requirements of the present application. Preferably, the size deviation (length, width, height, thickness) of the preliminary part size obtained by wire cutting in the present application and the special-shaped thin-walled part 1 required by the standard is ±0.02 mm. Since the preliminary part in the present application needs to be placed in the positioning and clamping fixture 2, and the straight portion 101 and the curved portion 102 of the special-shaped thin-walled part 1 are embedded in the two card interfaces 203 of the positioning and clamping fixture 2, it is necessary to strictly limit the size of the special-shaped thin-walled part 1 to facilitate the subsequent punching and other processes of the vertical machining center.

[0032] Further, as an optional embodiment of the present invention, the positioning and clamping tool 2 in the present application is fixed on the processing table by a positioning fixture 3, and the positioning fixture 3 includes: a fixed base 301, and the fixed base 301 is provided with an abutting portion 302 and a sliding portion 303, and the sliding portion 303 is slidably arranged on the fixed base 301, and an installation gap for the positioning and clamping tool 2 is reserved between the sliding portion 303 and the abutting portion 302, and the installation gap is adjusted by the relative sliding of the sliding portion 303 and the abutting portion 302, so as to clamp and remove the positioning and clamping tool 2. At the same time, a slide rail is provided on the fixed base 301, and the sliding portion 303 slides and matches the slide rail to guide the sliding portion 303; an abutting rod 304 is also provided at one end of the sliding portion 303 away from the abutting portion 302, and the abutting rod 304 is threadedly matched on the fixed base 301, and one end of the abutting rod 304 abuts the sliding portion 303. The fixing fixture in the present application is used to cooperate with the vertical machining center to facilitate the fixing and processing of the positioning and clamping tooling 2. After a plurality of preliminary parts are fixed on the positioning and clamping tooling 2, the positioning and clamping tooling 2 is placed in the installation gap with the fixing fixture. By tightening the abutment rod 304, the abutment part 302 and the sliding part 303, the positioning and clamping tooling 2 is locked, so that the vertical machining center can open holes on the preliminary parts to obtain special-shaped thin-walled parts 1.

[0033] Optionally, in the present application, a pad 305 is further provided between the abutment portion 302 and the sliding portion 303, and the thickness of the pad 305 is adjustable. In actual processing, by selecting pads 305 of different thicknesses, the height of the positioning and clamping tool 2 is different to meet different processing requirements.

[0034] It will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for processing a special-shaped thin-walled part, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Selecting and setting a size blank according to the size of the special-shaped thin-walled part, wherein the size of the blank is larger than the size of the special-shaped thin-walled part; S2, milling the blank according to the size of the special-shaped thin-walled part to obtain a blank matching the size of the special-shaped thin-walled part; S3, obtaining the shape of the special-shaped thin-walled part; S4, cutting the blank into preliminary parts that are adapted to the size of the special-shaped thin-walled parts; S5. Setting a positioning and clamping tool according to the shape of the special-shaped thin-walled part, and placing the preliminary part in the positioning and clamping tool; the positioning and clamping tool has a notch with three sides open, and the shape of the notch is adapted to the shape of the special-shaped thin-walled part; S6. Fix the positioning fixture so that one side of the preliminary part is opened, and use a vertical machining center to process the surface of the preliminary part to obtain a special-shaped thin-walled part with a set shape and opening.

2. The processing method of special-shaped thin-walled parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The special-shaped thin-walled part comprises a straight portion and a curved portion; The straight portion is arranged in a rectangular shape, and a plurality of through holes are formed on the straight portion; One end of the curved portion is connected to one side of the straight portion, the other end of the curved portion extends in a direction away from the straight portion, and the end of the curved portion away from the straight portion and the straight portion are located in different planes.

3. The processing method of special-shaped thin-walled parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The positioning and clamping tool comprises a clamping base, the clamping base is provided with at least one workpiece clamping opening, the workpiece clamping opening is provided with a notch of the same shape as the special-shaped thin-walled part, and the depth of the notch is greater than the thickness of the straight part and the curved part of the special-shaped thin-walled part; The notch is provided with a card interface at both side walls connected to the straight portion and the curved portion, and the two card interfaces of the notch abut against the ends of the straight portion and the curved portion respectively; The width of the positioning and clamping tool is the same as the width of the special-shaped thin-walled part. When the special-shaped thin-walled part is embedded in the notch, both sides of the special-shaped thin-walled part in the width direction are flush with both ends of the positioning and clamping tool in the width direction.

4. The method for processing special-shaped thin-walled parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The width of the special-shaped thin-walled part is L1, the length is L2, the height formed by the straight part and the curved part is L3, and the thickness is L4; In step S1, the length of the blank is n×(L3+3)+10 mm, the width is L2+5 mm, the thickness is L1+2, and n is a natural number.

5. The method for processing special-shaped thin-walled parts according to claim 4, characterized in that: The blank obtained after the square milling in step S2 has a length of n×(L3+3) mm, a width of L2+5 mm, and a thickness of L1 mm.

6. The method for processing special-shaped thin-walled parts according to claim 3, characterized in that: The clamping base is provided with three workpiece clamping openings.

7. The processing method of special-shaped thin-walled parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning fixture is fixed on the processing table by a positioning fixture, and the positioning fixture includes: A fixed base, wherein an abutting portion and a sliding portion are provided on the fixed base, the sliding portion is slidably arranged on the fixed base, and an installation gap for the positioning and clamping tooling is reserved between the sliding portion and the abutting portion; The fixed base is provided with a slide rail, and the sliding part slides to match the slide rail; An abutment rod is further provided at one end of the sliding portion away from the abutment portion. The abutment rod is threadably matched on the fixed base, and one end of the abutment rod abuts against the sliding portion.

8. The method for processing special-shaped thin-walled parts according to claim 7, characterized in that: A cushion block is further provided between the abutting portion and the sliding portion, and the thickness of the cushion block is adjustable.

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