Three-dimensional sand wave hollow block and wave dissipation combined structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-dimensional sand wave hollow block and a wave dissipation combined structure. The building block comprises a first block body and a second block body which are symmetrically arranged at an interval, the first block body and the second block body are connected through a third block body and a fourth block body which are arranged at an interval to form an II-shaped structure with the two ends and the middle being hollow, and a sand wave-shaped fifth block body is arranged at the top of the connecting position of the third block body, the first block body and the second block body. A sixth block body in a sand wave shape is arranged at the top of the joint of the fourth block body, the first block body and the second block body, and the first convex face of the fifth block body and the second convex face of the sixth block body are oppositely arranged. According to the invention, the top of the main block body is provided with the two sand wave-shaped block body structures which are oppositely arranged, and the permeable structures at the front, middle and rear ends of the main block body are matched with the sand wave-shaped block bodies, so that the functions of reducing wave energy and reducing the scouring on a bank slope caused by wave breakage can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of ecological protection technology, and relates to an ecological slope protection project for wave prevention and wave elimination in various slope protection projects (canal slopes, coastal slopes, lake slopes and river slopes), and specifically is a three-dimensional sand wave hollow block and a wave elimination combined structure for wave prevention and wave elimination in slope protection projects. Background Art

[0002] With the prosperity of inland water transport and the development of large-scale and high-speed ships, inland waterways as navigable rivers and regional ecological infrastructure are facing unprecedented threats. The trend of large-scale ships and high-speed navigation has increased the hydrodynamic effect of ships in navigable rivers. According to relevant research results, ship navigation causes waves on the water surface to form ship waves, which changes the original hydrodynamic conditions in the waterway. Ship waves have become one of the main dynamic factors for bank slope damage. When ship waves propagate to the shore, the waves climb and break along the bank slope. The bank slope is subjected to great dynamic water pressure, and the soil particles on the bank slope are also carried away by the waves. Under the action of ship waves, the bank slopes of some sections are severely scoured, and the bank protection structure is unstable, resulting in damage to buildings and cultivated land in the coastal areas. In particular, canals with high navigation density often experience bank slope collapse and collapse under the action of ship waves, affecting the safety of ship navigation and possibly causing casualties and huge economic losses.

[0003] In recent years, the construction of waterway ecological revetment projects with both waterway functions and ecological functions has received increasing attention from all parties. Domestic provinces and cities with good water transport infrastructure and developed economies have also begun to explore the engineering practice of ecological revetment construction and have achieved good practical results. Unlike natural rivers, artificial waterways are not only navigable rivers, but also a unique semi-natural ecosystem with extensive influence. It can efficiently and continuously provide regional ecological infrastructure with multiple functions including water transport, species habitat, leisure and flood control. If the river bank is simply and directly covered with hard revetments, it is not only inconsistent with the concept of ecological environmental protection, but the revetment structure is often more easily destroyed by ship waves. One of the important purposes of this study is to solve many problems of artificial waterway ecological revetment by using morphological imitation technology, wave prevention and wave elimination and related technologies of ecological waterways. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the above-mentioned background technology and provide a three-dimensional sand wave hollow block and a wave-breaking combined structure to achieve the purpose of reducing wave energy and reducing the scouring of the opposite bank slope caused by wave breaking.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a three-dimensional sand wave hollow block, including a first block and a second block that are symmetrically and spaced apart, the first block and the second block are connected by a third block and a fourth block that are spaced apart to form a II-shaped structure that is hollow at both ends and in the middle, a fifth block with a sand wave shape is arranged on the top of the connection between the third block and the first block and the second block, a sixth block with a sand wave shape is arranged on the top of the connection between the fourth block and the first block and the second block, and the first convex surface of the fifth block is arranged opposite to the second convex surface of the sixth block.

[0006] Furthermore, the first block has the same structure as the second block, the two ends of the bottom of the first block protrude downward compared to the middle to form a wave-like structure, the two ends of the outer side of the first block protrude outward compared to the middle to form a wave-like structure, and the middle part of the inner side of the first block protrudes inward compared to the two ends to form a wave-like structure.

[0007] Furthermore, the first block includes a left section, a middle section and a right section which are sequentially connected to form a symmetrical structure, the bottom surface and end side surfaces of the left section are both planes, and the outer side surface of the left section is an arc surface; the top surface, bottom surface and outer side surface of the middle section are all planes, the upper end of the inner side surface of the middle section is a vertical plane, and the lower end is an inclined plane with the bottom inclined toward the outside.

[0008] Furthermore, an inverted quadrangular pyramid structure is provided at the bottom of the left section, and the top edge of the inverted quadrangular pyramid structure is aligned with the bottom edge of the left section.

[0009] Furthermore, the third block has the same structure as the fourth block and is symmetrically arranged, the outer end face of the third block is a plane, the inner end face of the third block is an arc surface, and the bottom face of the third block is a stepped surface with a lower outer end and a higher inner end.

[0010] Furthermore, the outer end of the bottom surface of the third block is flush with the bottom surface of the middle section of the first block, and the inner end of the bottom surface of the third block is flush with the bottom end of the vertical plane of the middle section.

[0011] Furthermore, the connection surface between the outer end of the bottom surface of the third block and the inner end of the bottom surface is an inclined plane.

[0012] Furthermore, the edge of the fifth block is aligned with the edges of the first block, the second block and the third block, the edge of the sixth block is aligned with the edges of the first block, the second block and the fourth block, and the top point of the fifth block is at the same height as the top point of the sixth block.

[0013] Furthermore, the top surface of the fifth block includes a first convex surface and a first concave surface in a crescent shape, the tops of the first convex surface and the first concave surface intersect to form an upwardly protruding sand wave surface, and a vertical plane is made in a direction perpendicular to the bottom surface of the fifth block. The vertical plane includes a line between the top vertex of the fifth block and the top vertex of the sixth block, the intersection of the vertical plane and the bottom end of the first concave surface is the first intersection, and the intersection of the vertical plane and the bottom end of the first convex surface is the second intersection, and the length of the line formed by the top vertex of the first concave surface and the first intersection is greater than the length of the line formed by the top vertex of the first convex surface and the second intersection.

[0014] Furthermore, the top surface of the sixth block includes a crescent-shaped second convex surface and a second concave surface, the tops of the second convex surface and the second concave surface intersect to form an upwardly protruding sand wave surface, and a vertical plane is made in a direction perpendicular to the bottom surface of the sixth block. The vertical plane includes a line between the top vertex of the fifth block and the top vertex of the sixth block, the intersection of the vertical plane and the bottom end of the second concave surface is the third intersection, and the intersection of the vertical plane and the bottom end of the second convex surface is the fourth intersection, and the length of the line formed by the top vertex of the second concave surface and the third intersection is shorter than the length of the line formed by the top vertex of the second convex surface and the fourth intersection.

[0015] A wave-breaking combined structure comprises a plurality of three-dimensional sand wave hollow blocks as described above, wherein the plurality of three-dimensional sand wave hollow blocks are arranged in combination along the direction of water flow and waves, wherein the outer end surface of the third block and the first concave surface of the fifth block of each three-dimensional sand wave hollow block face the water flow and waves, the fourth block of two adjacent three-dimensional sand wave hollow blocks in each row is arranged opposite to the third block, and the plurality of three-dimensional sand wave hollow blocks in adjacent rows are arranged alternately.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] The present invention arranges the fifth and sixth blocks imitating sand wave shapes on the top of the main block of the II-shaped structure. The hollow structures at the front, middle and rear ends of the main block cooperate with the sand wave blocks. The top imitating sand wave structure can increase the roughness and reduce wave energy. The hollow structures between the sand waves can form a stronger sand wave turbulence structure near the sand waves. The hollow structure can also strengthen the water exchange between the inside and outside of the structure, thereby reducing wave energy and reducing the scouring of the bank slope by wave breaking.

[0018] The wave-breaking structure composed of three-dimensional sand wave hollow blocks of the present invention is laid on the bank slope. Since the three-dimensional sand wave hollow blocks can increase the roughness of the riverbed and the wave-resistant scouring ability of the bank slope, they can play a good role in retaining sand (soil) and meet the functional requirements of traditional slope protection and beach (bottom) protection structures; at the same time, the permeable structure maintains the connectivity between the hollow inside the structure and the water body outside the structure, thereby not affecting the material exchange and energy exchange between the water body and the riverbed, and can also better maintain the original ecological environment of the project area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the three-dimensional sand wave hollow block of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the explosion of the three-dimensional sand wave hollow block of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 It is a top view (perspective view) of the three-dimensional sand wave hollow block of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 It is a front view of the three-dimensional sand wave hollow block of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 It is a side view of the three-dimensional sand wave hollow block of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 It is a top view of the three-dimensional sand wave hollow block of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Middle MM cross-section.

[0026] Figure 8 for Figure 6 Middle NN cross section.

[0027] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the wave-breaking combined structure of the present invention.

[0028] In the figure, 1-first block; 1.1-left section; 1.2-middle section; 1.3-right section; 1.4-inverted tetrahedral structure; 2-second block; 3-third block; 3.1-outer end surface; 3.2-inner end surface; 3.3-bottom surface; 3.4-outer end; 3.5-inner end; 3.6-connecting surface; 4-fourth block; 5-fifth block; 5.1-first convex surface; 5.2-first concave surface; 6-sixth block; 6.1-second convex surface; 6.2-second concave surface; 7-first hollow part; 7.1-upper part; 7.2-lower part; 8-second hollow part; 9-third hollow part; 10-spliced ​​hollow part; 11-protruding sand wave; 12-recessed sand wave. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the description of these embodiments is used to help understand the present invention, but does not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0030] In the case of using "including", "having" and "comprising" described in this specification, unless used, there may also be another part or other parts, and the terms used may generally be singular but may also represent plural forms. In the description of this specification, it should be understood that the orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, when constituting a component, although there is no clear description thereof, it can be understood that a certain error area must be included.

[0031] It should be noted that although the terms "first", "second", "top", "bottom", "one side", "the other side", "one end", "the other end", etc. may appear and be used in this specification to describe various components, these components and parts should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one component and part from another component and part. For example, without departing from the scope of this specification, the first component can be called the second component, and similarly, the second component can be called the first component. The components at the top and bottom can also be swapped or converted with each other under certain circumstances; the components at one end and the other end can have the same or different performances.

[0032] When describing a positional relationship, for example, when the positional sequence is described as "on," "above," "below," and "next," unless words or terms such as "just" or "directly" are used, situations where they are not in contact or in contact may also be included. If a first element is mentioned to be "on" a second element, it does not mean that the first element must be above the second element in the figure. The upper and lower parts of the component will change depending on the change in the angle of observation and orientation. Therefore, in the drawings or in the actual construction, if it is mentioned that the first element is "on" the second element, it may include a situation where the first element is "below" the second element and a situation where the first element is "above" the second element.

[0033] The bank protection structures used in existing riverbanks and coasts can better protect the slopes and have certain ecological benefits. However, they have been eroded by waves for a long time. The slope structures in the wave breaking zone cannot reduce wave energy, causing the slopes to collapse and be damaged to varying degrees, and even endangering the integrity of the slopes.

[0034] Under the action of waves, the laminar layer near the wall caused by the local disturbance near the bottom generates fluctuations, which causes the sediment particles to start moving, and the bed surface deforms to form sand waves. Utilizing this phenomenon, the present invention imitates the natural riverbed sand waves to design a three-dimensional sand wave hollow block for protecting the river bank or coastal slope under the long-term action of ship waves and wind waves. The sand wave block structure can increase the riverbed roughness and reduce wave energy, and its air permeability can better absorb wave energy and reduce wave climbing, and can well protect the slope from being washed away by waves. At the same time, the structural air permeability also provides a wider channel for the material exchange between the water flow and the slope surface, providing a good living environment for benthic organisms, vegetation, etc.

[0035] like Figure 1-8 As shown, the present invention provides a three-dimensional sand wave hollow block, comprising a first block 1 and a second block 2 that are symmetrically and spaced apart, the first block 1 and the second block 2 are connected by a third block 3 and a fourth block 4 that are spaced apart to form a main block of a II-shaped structure that is hollow at both ends and in the middle, the second hollow portions 8 and the third hollow portions 9 at both ends of the main block are semi-hollow, so as to facilitate splicing with adjacent three-dimensional sand wave hollow blocks to form a vertically penetrating hollow structure, the first hollow portion 7 in the middle of the main block is integrally hollowed out vertically, and the first hollow portion 7, the second hollow portion 8 and the third hollow portion 9 are interconnected at the bottom of the main block, so as to ensure that the material exchange and energy exchange between the water body and the riverbed are not affected after being laid on the bank slope. A fifth block 5 with a sand wave shape is arranged on the top of the connection between the third block 3 and the first block 1 and the second block 2, and a sixth block 6 with a sand wave shape is arranged on the top of the connection between the fourth block 4 and the first block 1 and the second block 2. The first convex surface 5.1 of the fifth block 5 and the second convex surface 6.1 of the sixth block 6 are arranged opposite to each other, that is, the fifth block 5 and the sixth block 6 with simulated sand waves are arranged on the top of the two ends of the main block (i.e., the two ends corresponding to the third block and the fourth block). The hollow structure at the front, middle and rear ends of the main block cooperates with the sand wave blocks, and the top simulated sand wave structure can increase the roughness and reduce wave energy. The hollow structure between the sand waves can form a stronger sand wave turbulence structure near the sand waves, and the hollow structure can strengthen the water exchange between the inside and the outside of the structure, so as to achieve the function of reducing wave energy and reducing the scouring of the opposite slope by wave breaking.

[0036] The three-dimensional sand wave hollow block of the present invention is provided with a fifth block 5 and a sixth block 6 imitating sand wave shapes on the top of the block, which respectively serve as imitating protruding sand waves 11 and recessed sand waves 12, and a hollow structure is provided between the sand waves, and the inner bottom is a hollow structure. The top imitation sand wave structure can increase the roughness to reduce wave energy, and a sand wave turbulence structure can be formed between the sand waves. The water exchange between the inside and outside of the structure can be strengthened through the air-permeable structure, which is specifically manifested as follows: ① The top imitation protruding sand wave 11 and the concave sand wave 12 structures increase the roughness to reduce wave energy, and the air-permeable structure further absorbs wave energy to reduce wave climbing, and reduces the dynamic water pressure of the wave breaking on the slope to ensure the stability of the slope; ② The water flowing through the sand wave separates water and sand at the wave crest, and contacts again on the upstream slope of the next sand wave, and forms a vortex structure between the separation point and the contact point. The vortex structure can well promote the water exchange between the water area near the top and the distant structure. The hollow inside the structure is connected to the upper water flow through the air-permeable structure, and the internal and external material and energy exchange is achieved by absorbing wave energy.

[0037] Since the three-dimensional sand wave hollow blocks can increase the roughness of the riverbed and the ability of the slope to resist wave scouring, and at the same time the permeable structure maintains the connectivity between the hollow inside the structure and the water body outside the structure, it does not affect the material exchange between the water body and the riverbed, and can also better maintain the original ecological environment of the project area.

[0038] In the above scheme, the three-dimensional sand wave hollow block is an integrated structure composed of a first block 1, a second block 2, a third block 3, a fourth block 4, a fifth block 5, and a sixth block 6, that is, the structure is integrally formed and made by a mold, which is simple, convenient and low-cost. Figure 2 The exploded view is only split for the convenience of understanding. There is no obvious boundary at the actual connection position of each block, so the connection surface of some blocks is not described.

[0039] In one embodiment, the first block 1 has the same structure as the second block 2. The two ends of the bottom of the first block 1 protrude downwards compared to the middle to form a regular or irregular wavy structure. The two ends of the outer side of the first block 1 protrude outwards compared to the middle to form a regular or irregular wavy structure. The middle of the inner side of the first block 1 protrudes inwards compared to the two ends to form a wavy structure. The inner side of the first block 1 is connected to the third block 3 and the fourth block 4, so the wavy structure is not obvious. After being laid on the slope, the wavy structures on each side of the first block 1 and the second block 2 are combined with the hollow structures in the front, middle and back to ensure that the bottoms in all directions are connected, so that they can serve as channels for the exchange of materials and energy inside and outside the structure. At the same time, the wavy structures on the outer sides of the first block 1 and the second block 2 make the main block shape into an irregular II-shaped structure.

[0040] In the above scheme, the first block 1 includes a left section 1.1, a middle section 1.2 and a right section 1.3 which are connected in sequence to form a symmetrical structure. The bottom surface 1.11 and the end side surface 1.13 of the left section 1.1 are both planes; the inner side surface 1.12 of the left section 1.1 is integrally connected to the third block, and its overall structure is not described, and only the part not connected to the third block is defined as a plane; the outer side surface 1.14 of the left section 1.1 is a curved surface or an irregular folded surface formed by the intersection of multiple planes; the top surface 1.21, the bottom surface 1.22 and the outer side surface 1.23 of the middle section 1.2 are all planes, and the upper end 1.25 of the inner side surface 1.24 of the middle section 1.2 is a vertical plane, and the lower end 1.26 is an inclined plane with the bottom inclined outward. The outer side surfaces of the left section 1.1, the right section 1.3 and the middle section 1.2 form an irregular wave surface with a concave center. An inverted quadrangular pyramid structure 1.4 is provided at the bottom of the left section 1.1, and the top edge of the inverted quadrangular pyramid structure 1.4 is aligned with the edge of the bottom surface 1.11 of the left section 1.1.

[0041] In one embodiment, the third block 3 and the fourth block 4 have the same structure and are symmetrically arranged, the outer end surface 3.1 of the third block 3 is a plane, the inner end surface 3.2 of the third block 3 is a curved surface or a regular folded surface formed by the intersection of multiple planes, and the bottom surface 3.3 of the third block 3 is a stepped surface with the outer end 3.4 lower than the inner end 3.5. The outer end 3.4 of the bottom surface 3.3 of the third block 3 is flush with the bottom surface 1.22 of the middle section 1.2 of the first block 1, the inner end 3.5 of the bottom surface 3.3 of the third block 3 is flush with the bottom of the vertical plane (i.e., the upper end 1.25) of the middle section 1.2, and the connecting surface 3.6 between the outer end 3.4 of the bottom surface 3.3 of the third block 3 and the inner end 3.5 of the bottom surface 3.3 is an inclined plane.

[0042] The outer end faces 3.1 of the third block 3 and the fourth block 4 are recessed inward relative to the end side faces 1.13 at both ends of the first block 1 and the second block 2, so that a semi-permeable structure is formed at both ends of the main block, and the end side faces at both ends of the first block 1 and the second block 2 and the outer end faces of the third block 3 and the fourth block 4 are all planes, which facilitates splicing to form a through-permeable structure when they are assembled into a wave-breaking structure on the slope, thereby strengthening the water exchange between the inside and outside of the structure.

[0043] In the above scheme, the first hollow portion 7 running through the middle of the main block is composed of two parts, the upper part 7.1 is composed of the upper ends of the inner side surfaces of the middle sections of the first block 1 and the second block 2, and the inner end surfaces of the third block 3 and the fourth block 4, and the lower part 7.2 is composed of the lower ends of the inner side surfaces of the middle sections of the first block 1 and the second block 2, and the connecting surfaces between the outer ends of the bottom surfaces and the inner ends of the bottom surfaces of the third block 3 and the fourth block 4, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the upper part 7.1 is smaller than that of the lower part 7.2, that is, the space of the upper part 7.1 is small and the space of the lower part 7.2 is large, and the hollow structure facilitates the formation of a vortex structure when water flows through.

[0044] In one embodiment, the edge of the fifth block 5 is aligned with the edge of the first block 1, the second block 2 and the third block 3, the edge of the sixth block 6 is aligned with the edge of the first block 1, the second block 2 and the fourth block 4, and the top of the fifth block 5 is at the same height as the top of the sixth block 6. That is, the outer edge of the simulated sand wave structure is flush with the edge of the main block, which facilitates the water flow to flow smoothly to the sand wave structure for diversion, and avoids the water flow and waves from causing a large impact on the sand wave structure.

[0045] In the above scheme, the top surface of the fifth block 5 includes a crescent-shaped first convex surface 5.1 and a first concave surface 5.2. The tops of the first convex surface 5.1 and the first concave surface 5.2 intersect to form an upwardly protruding sand wave surface. The top b of the first convex surface 5.1 coincides with the top a of the first concave surface 5.2. A vertical plane is made along the direction perpendicular to the bottom surface of the fifth block 5, that is, a vertical plane is made along the MM direction. The vertical plane contains the line between the top of the fifth block 5 and the top of the sixth block 6 (that is, the ac line). The intersection of the vertical plane and the bottom end of the first concave surface 5.2 is the first intersection point A, and the intersection of the vertical plane and the bottom end of the first convex surface 5.1 is the second intersection point B. The length of the line aA formed by the top a of the first concave surface 5.2 and the first intersection point A is greater than the length of the line bB formed by the top b of the first convex surface 5.1 and the second intersection point B, that is, the length of the first concave surface 5.2 of the fifth block 5 along the direction of water waves is greater than the length of the first convex surface 5.1.

[0046] The top surface of the sixth block 6 includes a crescent-shaped second convex surface 6.1 and a second concave surface 6.2. The tops of the second convex surface 6.1 and the second concave surface 6.2 intersect to form an upwardly protruding sand wave surface. The top d of the second convex surface 6.1 coincides with the top c of the second concave surface 6.2. A vertical plane is made along the direction perpendicular to the bottom surface of the sixth block 6, that is, a vertical plane is made along the MM direction, including the line between the top vertices of the fifth block 5 and the top vertices of the sixth block 6 (that is, the ac line). The intersection of the vertical plane and the bottom end of the second concave surface 6.2 is the third intersection point C, and the intersection of the vertical plane and the bottom end of the second convex surface 6.1 is the fourth intersection point D. The length of the line cC formed by the top vertices c of the second concave surface 6.2 and the third intersection point C is less than the length of the line dD formed by the top vertices d of the second convex surface 6.1 and the fourth intersection point D, that is, the length of the first convex surface 6.1 of the sixth block 6 along the direction of water waves is greater than the length of the second concave surface 6.2. The length limits of the concave and convex surfaces of the fifth and sixth blocks ensure that the length of the water-facing surface of the simulated sand wave is greater than the length of the water-receiving surface, which is more conducive to reducing wave energy.

[0047] All “inside” in the above description corresponds to the center of the block structure, and “outside” refers to the outside of the structure corresponding to the center of the block structure.

[0048] The structural arrangement of the fifth block 5 and the sixth block 6 is such that when the three-dimensional sand wave hollow blocks are arranged along the direction of water waves (i.e. the first concave surface directly faces the water waves), the water flowing through the sand waves separates water and sand at the crest of the first block 5, and contacts again on the upwelling slope of the next sand wave (i.e. the second block 6), and forms a vortex structure between the separation point and the contact point. The vortex structure can well promote the water exchange between the water area near the top and the distant structure. The hollow interior of the structure is connected to the upper water flow through the air-permeable structure, and the exchange of internal and external matter and energy is achieved by absorbing wave energy.

[0049] The present invention also provides a wave-breaking combined structure using a bank slope, such as Fig. 9 As shown, it includes a plurality of three-dimensional sand wave hollow blocks as described above, and the plurality of three-dimensional sand wave hollow blocks are arranged in combination along the direction of water waves, that is, all three-dimensional sand wave hollow blocks are arranged in the same direction and along the direction of water waves (i.e., the direction of arrow H in the figure), and the outer end surface 5.1 of the third block 3 and the first concave surface 5.2 of the fifth block 5 face the water waves, thereby ensuring that the water-facing surface on each block is longer than the water-receiving surface. The fourth block 4 of the last three-dimensional sand wave hollow block in each row is arranged relative to the third block 3 of the next three-dimensional sand wave hollow block, that is, the ends of the main blocks of two adjacent three-dimensional sand wave hollow blocks in each row are in contact and connected, ensuring that the semi-permeable structures at the ends of the two adjacent three-dimensional sand wave hollow blocks can be spliced ​​into an integral through-permeable structure (i.e., the spliced ​​permeable portion 10). Several three-dimensional sand wave hollow blocks in adjacent rows are arranged in an alternating or hooked arrangement, that is, the concave part in the middle of the side of the corresponding main block contacts the protruding parts at both ends of the side of the corresponding main block, that is, the protruding part and the concave part of the above-mentioned wave-shaped structure are in corresponding contact.

[0050] The above-mentioned wave-breaking combined structure is laid on the slope of the bank, and the slope forms a beach surface similar to that of a sandy beach, thereby increasing the roughness of the slope (beach surface). The hollow structure designed at the front, middle and rear of the block serves as a channel for the exchange of materials and energy inside and outside the structure. The exchange of materials and energy inside and outside the structure is mainly achieved through the turbulence formed by the water flow between the front and rear sand waves.

[0051] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. The contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to professional and technical personnel in the field.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional sand wave hollow block, characterized in that: The invention comprises a first block (1) and a second block (2) which are symmetrically arranged at intervals, wherein the first block (1) and the second block (2) are connected by a third block (3) and a fourth block (4) which are arranged at intervals to form a II-shaped structure with both ends and the middle being hollow, wherein a fifth block (5) with a sand wave shape is arranged at the top of the connection between the third block (3) and the first block (1) and the second block (2), and a sixth block (6) with a sand wave shape is arranged at the top of the connection between the fourth block (4) and the first block (1) and the second block (2), and a first convex surface (5.1) of the fifth block (5) and a second convex surface (6.1) of the sixth block (6) are arranged opposite to each other.

2. The three-dimensional sand wave hollow block according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first block (1) and the second block (2) have the same structure, the two ends of the bottom of the first block (1) protrude downwards compared to the middle to form a wave-like structure, the two ends of the outer side of the first block (1) protrude outwards compared to the middle to form a wave-like structure, and the middle of the inner side of the first block (1) protrudes inwards compared to the two ends to form a wave-like structure.

3. The three-dimensional sand wave hollow block according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The first block (1) comprises a left section (1.1), a middle section (1.2) and a right section (1.3) which are connected in sequence to form a symmetrical structure; the bottom surface and the end side surfaces of the left section (1.1) are both planes, and the outer side surface of the left section (1.1) is a curved surface; the top surface, the bottom surface and the outer side surface of the middle section (1.2) are all planes, and the upper end of the inner side surface of the middle section (1.2) is a vertical plane, and the lower end is an inclined plane with the bottom inclined outward.

4. The three-dimensional sand wave hollow block according to claim 3 is characterized in that: An inverted quadrangular pyramid structure (1.4) is provided at the bottom of the left section (1.1), and the top edge of the inverted quadrangular pyramid structure (1.4) is aligned with the bottom edge of the left section.

5. The three-dimensional sand wave hollow block according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third block (3) and the fourth block (4) have the same structure and are symmetrically arranged. The outer end surface of the third block (3) is a plane, the inner end surface of the third block (3) is a curved surface, and the bottom surface of the third block (3) is a stepped surface with a lower outer end and a higher inner end.

6. The three-dimensional sand wave hollow block according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer end of the bottom surface of the third block (3) is flush with the bottom surface of the middle section (1.2) of the first block (1), and the inner end of the bottom surface of the third block (3) is flush with the bottom end of the vertical plane of the middle section (1.2).

7. The three-dimensional sand wave hollow block according to claim 1, characterized in that: The edge of the fifth block (5) is aligned with the edges of the first block (1), the second block (2) and the third block (3); the edge of the sixth block (6) is aligned with the edges of the first block (1), the second block (2) and the fourth block (4); and the top point of the fifth block (5) is at the same height as the top point of the sixth block (6).

8. The three-dimensional sand wave hollow block according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top surface of the fifth block (5) comprises a first convex surface (5.1) and a first concave surface (5.2) in a crescent shape. The tops of the first convex surface (5.1) and the first concave surface (5.2) intersect to form a sand wave surface that bulges upwards. A vertical surface is formed in a direction perpendicular to the bottom surface of the fifth block. The vertical surface contains a line between the top vertex of the fifth block and the top vertex of the sixth block. The intersection of the vertical surface and the bottom end of the first concave surface is the first intersection point, and the intersection of the vertical surface and the bottom end of the first convex surface is the second intersection point. The length of the line formed by the top vertex of the first concave surface and the first intersection point is greater than the length of the line formed by the top vertex of the first convex surface and the second intersection point.

9. The three-dimensional sand wave hollow block according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top surface of the sixth block (6) comprises a second crescent-shaped convex surface (6.1) and a second concave surface (6.2), the tops of the second convex surface (6.1) and the second concave surface (6.2) intersect to form an upwardly convex sand wave surface, a vertical plane is formed in a direction perpendicular to the bottom surface of the sixth block, the vertical plane contains a line between the top vertex of the fifth block and the top vertex of the sixth block, the intersection point of the vertical plane and the bottom end of the second concave surface is the third intersection point, the intersection point of the vertical plane and the bottom end of the second convex surface is the fourth intersection point, and the length of the line formed by the top vertex of the second concave surface and the third intersection point is less than the length of the line formed by the top vertex of the second convex surface and the fourth intersection point.

10. A wave-breaking combined structure, characterized in that: It comprises a plurality of three-dimensional sand wave hollow blocks as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the plurality of three-dimensional sand wave hollow blocks are arranged in combination along the direction of water waves, the outer end surface of the third block and the first concave surface of the fifth block of each three-dimensional sand wave hollow block are arranged facing the water waves, the fourth block of two adjacent three-dimensional sand wave hollow blocks in each column is arranged opposite to the third block, and the plurality of three-dimensional sand wave hollow blocks in adjacent columns are arranged alternately.

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