A shaft boring system suitable for various geological conditions

Abstract

The present invention discloses a shaft boring system applicable to various geological conditions, and is used to solve the problem in the prior art that, when a shaft boring machine uses the tools on a center ring cutterhead and the tools on the cutterhead for boring, muddy rock debris cannot be discharged in time, resulting in a decrease in drilling efficiency. The present invention provides a shaft boring system applicable to various geological conditions, comprising a cutterhead body, a bracket, a cutterbox fixing unit comprising a cutterbox position alternating subunit and at least two cutterbox units, a lifting unit, a slag discharge unit comprising a scraper and a conveying subunit, and a scraper cleaning unit, thereby obtaining a cutterhead capable of changing the position of the cutterbox and cleaning the slag of the slag discharge unit using the scraper, thereby solving the problem in the prior art that, when a shaft boring machine uses the tools on a center ring cutterhead and the tools on the cutterhead for boring, muddy rock debris cannot be discharged in time, resulting in a decrease in drilling efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of shaft boring machines, and in particular relates to a shaft boring system suitable for various geological conditions. Background Art

[0002] Vertical shafts are important engineering structures for humans to develop underground space and resources, and one of the most widely used mechanical well construction methods at home and abroad is the use of vertical shaft drilling rigs.

[0003] As a type of shaft drilling rig, a full-section tunnel boring machine uses a full-section cutterhead to excavate the shaft from top to bottom. The excavated rock debris is continuously lifted vertically from underground and discharged to the ground. During construction, there is no need to excavate slag holes and underground slag discharge channels. It has good adaptability to construction conditions, high construction efficiency, and low safety risks. It can also simultaneously implement shaft wall support, tunneling guidance and other operations. It is a commonly used shaft drilling rig at present.

[0004] Due to the complex geological conditions underground, the types of rock debris encountered by the tunnel boring machine during drilling are often different. Especially when entering strata with specific geological conditions, the rock drilled into rock debris by the cutter head will mix with the groundwater in the well to form muddy rock debris.

[0005] Patent CN110748346B discloses "a full-section large-diameter vertical shaft boring machine and its boring device", which specifically discloses a cutterhead. The cutterhead is provided with a driving component to achieve a method of using only the tools on the center ring cutterhead or the tools on the edge cutterhead to contact the working surface respectively for excavation. However, since its slag discharge method is to allow the rock slag to naturally roll on the working surface by gravity to the slag discharge channel located at the center of the cutterhead body and be lifted out of the working surface, this slag discharge method is relatively slow and when encountering rocks similar to tuff that can absorb water and transform into mud, these mud-like rock slags will remain on the working surface due to their certain viscosity and cannot naturally roll down into the slag discharge channel, resulting in this part of the muddy rock slag being unable to be discharged from the working surface through the slag discharge channel, seriously affecting the drilling efficiency of the vertical shaft boring machine.

[0006] In summary, when the current shaft boring machine uses the cutters on the center ring cutterhead and the cutterhead for excavation, there is a problem that muddy rock debris cannot be discharged in time, resulting in a decrease in drilling efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the object of the present invention is to provide a shaft boring system suitable for a variety of geological conditions, which is used to solve the problem in the prior art that when a shaft boring machine uses the tools on the center ring cutter head and the tools on the cutter head for boring, the muddy rock debris cannot be discharged in time, resulting in a decrease in drilling efficiency.

[0008] The present invention provides a vertical shaft excavation system applicable to various geological conditions, the vertical shaft excavation system comprising:

[0009] A cutter head body, wherein the cutter head body is arranged to rotate;

[0010] A plurality of brackets, wherein the brackets are arranged in a circular array on the cutter head body in accordance with the axis of the cutter head body, and the angle between any of the brackets and the cutter head body is an acute angle;

[0011] The tool box fixing unit is slidably mounted on the bracket, and any one of the tool box fixing units includes at least two tool box units, and the tool box units excavate the working face in steps;

[0012] A lifting unit is provided, wherein a slag discharge channel is provided at the center of the cutter head body, and a lifting unit is provided in the slag discharge channel for lifting the slag on the working surface out of the working surface;

[0013] A slag discharge unit, comprising a scraper for moving slag generated on the working surface and a conveying subunit for providing movement power for the scraper;

[0014] The scraper scrapes the slag generated on the working surface, and the side wall of the scraper scrapes the slag toward the slag discharge channel, and the surface of the scraper scraping the slag is the scraping surface. The conveying end of the conveying subunit drives the scraper to convey the slag on the working surface to the lifting unit in the slag discharge channel;

[0015] The scraper cleaning unit includes a loose soil scraper, which is slidably arranged on the cutter disc body. The sliding direction of the loose soil scraper is parallel to the scraping surface of the scraper, and the loose soil scraper slides to clean the loose soil on the scraping surface of the scraper.

[0016] As described above, the shaft excavation system of the present invention, which is applicable to various geological conditions, has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The present application provides a tool box fixing unit that is slidably arranged on several brackets, a lifting unit for lifting rock debris out of the working surface, a slag discharge unit including a scraper and a conveying subunit, and a loose soil cleaning unit including a loose soil scraper and a first hydraulic cylinder. The scraper, driven by the conveying subunit, scrapes the rock debris on the working surface into the lifting unit. The tool box fixing unit slides on the bracket to realize an excavation method in which only the tools on the center ring cutter disc or the tools on the edge cutter disc are in contact with the working surface respectively for excavation. The loose soil scraper, driven by the first hydraulic cylinder, cleans the loose soil on the scraping surface of the scraper, thereby avoiding the problem that muddy rock debris cannot be discharged from the working surface in time, resulting in a decrease in drilling efficiency, thereby completing the increase in the efficiency of the vertical shaft boring machine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 Shown is an overall schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 Shown is a partial schematic diagram of the slag discharge unit of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 Shown is a schematic diagram of the annular guide rail parts of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 Shown is a diagram showing the parts of the solidified tuff cleaning plate of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 Shown is a diagram showing the parts of the soil scraper of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 Shown is a schematic diagram of a scraper according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7 Shown is a partial illustration of the tool box fixing unit of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 8 Shown is a partial illustration of the tool box fixing unit of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 9 The present invention is shown in Figure 8 A partial enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0027] Figure 10 Shown is a cross-sectional view of a tool box fixing unit of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 11 The present invention is shown in Figure 10 A partial enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0029] Figure 12 Shown is a workflow diagram of the tool box alternating subunit of the present invention.

[0030] In the figure: 11. Cutterhead body; 12. Slag discharge channel;

[0031] 21. Sprocket; 22. Chain; 23. Scraper; 24. Chain bracket; 25. Sliding rod; 26. Ball bearing; 27. Guide pipe;

[0032] 31. Guide rail body; 32. Guide chute; 33. First guide rail; 34. Second guide rail; 35. First guide rail segment; 36. Second guide rail segment; 37. Third guide rail segment;

[0033] 41. Soil scraper; 42. First hydraulic cylinder; 43. Solidified tuff cleaning plate; 44. Fixed plate; 45. Unloading plate; 46. Second hydraulic cylinder;

[0034] 52. Second plug-in slot; 53. Third plug-in slot; 54. Second plug-in block; 56. Cutting tool; 57. Sliding block; 59. Mounting rod;

[0035] 61. "L"-shaped sliding support plate; 62. First knife box body; 63. Third knife box body; 64. Second knife box body;

[0036] 71. Fourth hydraulic cylinder; 72. First plug-in block; 73. First plug-in slot;

[0037] 81. Fifth hydraulic cylinder; 82. First plug-in board; 83. Second plug-in board; 84. Guide rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following describes the implementation of the present invention through specific embodiments. People skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification.

[0039] See also Figures 1 to 12 . It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in the drawings of this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification for people familiar with this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the limiting conditions for the implementation of the present invention. Therefore, they have no substantive technical significance. Any modification of the structure, change in the proportional relationship or adjustment of the size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed by the present invention without affecting the efficacy and purpose that can be achieved by the present invention. At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" quoted in this specification are only for the convenience of description, and are not used to limit the scope of the implementation of the present invention. Changes or adjustments in their relative relationships should also be regarded as the scope of the implementation of the present invention without substantially changing the technical content.

[0040] The following embodiments are for illustration only and can be combined with each other, and are not limited to the contents presented in the following single embodiments.

[0041] See also Figures 1 to 12 The present invention provides a shaft excavation system applicable to various geological conditions, the shaft excavation system comprising:

[0042] The cutterhead body 11 is arranged to rotate on its own. The cutterhead body 11 is also provided with several wear-resistant plates at the outer edge and the contact position with the working surface to ensure the normal excavation of the cutterhead body 11;

[0043] A plurality of brackets, wherein the brackets are arranged in a circular array on the cutter head body 11 along the axis of the cutter head body 11, wherein the angle between any of the brackets and the cutter head body 11 is an acute angle, and the cross-section of the brackets and the cutter head body 11 at the axis position is a cone;

[0044] A plurality of knife box fixing units, wherein the knife box fixing units are slidably mounted on the bracket, and any of the knife box fixing units includes a knife box position alternating subunit and at least two knife box units, and the sliding direction of any of the knife box units is parallel to the length direction of the bracket, the knife box unit located at the lowest point of the bracket is the first knife box unit, and the knife box unit located at the highest point of the bracket is the second knife box unit, the knife box position alternating subunit removes the first knife box unit located at the lowest point and places the first knife box unit at the highest point of the bracket, and the remaining knife box units slide down in sequence along the length direction of the bracket;

[0045] The knife box units at both ends of the bracket are in contact with the cutter disc body 11. The knife box units at both ends of the bracket are naturally locked on the bracket because there is no displacement space.

[0046] Several of the tool box units are arranged at various positions on the bracket according to the requirements of the excavation work;

[0047] A lifting unit is provided, wherein a slag discharge channel 12 is provided at the center of the cutter head body 11, and a lifting unit for lifting the slag on the working surface out of the working surface is provided in the slag discharge channel 12;

[0048] The working surface is an inclined surface, the center of which is lower than the outer edge of the working surface. A portion of the non-viscous rock debris on the working surface will naturally slide to the bottom of the slag discharge channel 12 due to gravity.

[0049] The lifting unit uses a screw rod for lifting. The power device of the screw rod is arranged at a level above the working surface of the cutter head body 11. The screw rod lifts the rock debris generated on the working surface out of the working surface. The bottom end of the screw rod contacts the working surface. The screw rod can directly lift the rock debris at the lowest point of the working surface out of the working surface by rotating.

[0050] A slag discharge unit, comprising a scraper 23 for moving the slag generated on the working surface and a conveying subunit for providing movement power for the scraper 23;

[0051] The scraper 23 scrapes the rock slag generated on the working surface. The side wall of the scraper 23 close to the working surface is shallowly inserted into the working surface. When the scraper 23 moves, it can drive the rock slag cut by the cutter head on the working surface to move. The side wall of the scraper 23 scrapes the rock slag toward the slag discharge channel 12, and the surface of the scraper 23 scraping the rock slag is the scraping surface. The conveying end of the conveying subunit drives the scraper 23 to convey the rock slag on the working surface to the lifting unit in the slag discharge channel 12.

[0052] A scraper cleaning unit, comprising a floating soil scraper 41 and a first hydraulic cylinder 42. The floating soil scraper 41 is slidably disposed on the cutter disc body 11. The sliding direction of the floating soil scraper 41 is parallel to the scraping surface of the scraper 23. The floating soil scraper 41 slides to clean the floating soil on the scraping surface of the scraper 23. The fixed end of the first hydraulic cylinder 42 is fixedly mounted on the bracket. The power end of the first hydraulic cylinder 42 provides sliding power for the sliding of the floating soil scraper 41.

[0053] The rock slag remaining on the scraper 23 that can be scraped by the floating soil scraper 41 is ordinary granular rock slag or tuff rock slag mixed with water into a muddy state;

[0054] Driven by the first hydraulic cylinder 42, the floating soil scraper 41 slides toward the working surface in a direction parallel to the scraping surface of the scraper 23. During the sliding process, the scraping sidewall of the floating soil scraper 41 is always in contact with the sidewall of the scraping surface of the scraper 23. The floating soil scraper 41 cannot clean the solidified tuff slag remaining on the scraper 23.

[0055] When the first hydraulic cylinder 42 and the floating soil scraper 41 are working, the conveying subunit stops in coordination with the push-pull rate of the first hydraulic cylinder 42. The floating soil scraper 41 scrapes the side wall of the scraping surface of the scraper 23 while being driven by the first hydraulic cylinder 42 to clean the side wall of the scraper 23. When the floating soil scraper 41 scrapes to a position where solidified tuff slag remains, it encounters greater resistance and returns, so that the floating soil scraper 41 can distinguish between solidified tuff slag and muddy tuff slag.

[0056] When the cutterhead is working, the bracket rotates with the cutterhead body 11 with its center point as the center of the circle, thereby driving the tool fixing unit installed on the bracket to rotate and excavate together;

[0057] When the excavation reaches a certain extent and the position of the tool fixing subunit needs to be replaced, the cutter disc body 11 stops rotating, the tool box position alternating subunit starts and moves the first tool box unit away, and the remaining tool box units then naturally slide down along the length direction of the bracket. Since the structures and sizes of the several tool box units are exactly the same, when the tool box unit resting on the bracket slides down to the maximum position, the second tool box unit originally at the highest point of the horizontal height of the bracket has already slid down to make room. The tool box position alternating subunit can now move the first tool box unit to the original position of the second tool box unit to complete the replacement, thereby avoiding the wear rate of the tool 56 at a certain position being much greater than the wear rate of the tools 56 of the cutter discs at other positions.

[0058] When the cutterhead is working as a whole, the scraper 23 of the slag discharge system inserts its bottom end face into the working surface and moves under the drive of the conveying sub-unit. Since the scraper 23 is a hard plate, it can scrape hard rock debris or soft muddy rock debris mixed with water and modified into the slag discharge channel 12. The hard rock debris or soft muddy rock debris that has not been completely hardened will be scraped off when the floating soil scraper 41 is driven to move by the first hydraulic cylinder 42, avoiding the scraper 23 from being blocked by some residual rock debris, ensuring the stable operation of the slag discharge system, thereby solving the problem in the prior art that the shaft boring machine cannot discharge muddy rock debris in time when using the step-by-step excavation method, resulting in a decrease in excavation efficiency, ensuring the normal operation of the shaft boring machine working system, and effectively reducing the underground failure rate.

[0059] In this embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 12 , the conveying subunit includes an annular conveyor and a guide pipe 27;

[0060] The ring conveyor includes a conveyor body, a chain 22 and a sprocket 21. The conveyor body is provided with at least two sprockets 21. The power end of the conveyor body provides rotational power for the sprockets 21. The two ends of the conveyor body are fixedly mounted on the outer edge of the cutter head body 11 and the slag discharge channel 12.

[0061] A chain 22 is provided between the sprockets 21, the sprockets 21 are meshed with the chain 22, and the trajectory of the chain 22 has the same inclination angle as the working surface;

[0062] The scrapers 23 are arranged on the chain 22 in an array along the outer contour of the chain 22 , and the scrapers 23 are driven to move by the chain 22 when the chain 22 moves;

[0063] The side wall of the slag discharge channel 12 is provided with a slag inlet. During the movement of the chain 22, the slag scraped by the scraper 23 moves through the slag inlet into the lifting unit of the slag discharge channel 12.

[0064] The sidewall of the slag discharge channel 12 is the same as the outer edge of the screw rod. The movement speed of the chain 22 is coordinated with the rotation speed of the screw rod. The slag is driven to the slag discharge channel 12 by the scraper 23 at a distance that satisfies the conveying end where it naturally falls onto the screw rod.

[0065] The guide pipe 27 is fixedly installed at the slag inlet of the slag discharge channel 12, one end of the guide pipe 27 is connected to the internal space of the slag discharge channel 12, and the other end of the guide pipe 27 extends out of the outer wall of the slag discharge channel 12, and the bottom end surface of the guide pipe 27 is in contact with the working surface;

[0066] The sprocket 21 closest to the slag discharge channel 12 among the plurality of sprockets 21 is a first sprocket, and the first sprocket is located in the guide pipe 27;

[0067] The conveyor body is also located in the guide pipe 27, and the fixed end of the conveyor body and the slag discharge pipe extends out of the guide pipe 27 and is fixed to the slag discharge pipe;

[0068] The inner wall of the guide pipe 27 is smooth. When the scraper 23 drives the slag into the guide pipe 27, the slag can slide down onto the spiral rod of the slag discharge channel 12 under the action of gravity.

[0069] When the chain 22 drives the scraper 23 to move, the scraper 23 sends the rock debris on the working surface into the lifting unit through the guide pipe 27;

[0070] The guide pipe 27 assists the scraper 23 in delivering the slag to the lifting unit, thereby preventing the outer edge of the scraper 23 from extending into the slag discharge channel 12 and colliding with the screw rod during rotation.

[0071] In this embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 12 , the annular guide rail includes a guide rail body 31 and a guide groove 32;

[0072] The guide rail body 31 is located inside the chain 22 , and a guide slot 32 is formed on the outer wall of the guide rail body 31 ;

[0073] The scraper 23 is slidably mounted on the chain 22 , and the sliding direction of the scraper 23 is perpendicular to the working surface. The scraper 23 is always inserted into the working surface.

[0074] A chain bracket 24 is fixedly mounted on the chain 22, and a sliding rod 25 is fixedly arranged inside the scraper 23. The sliding rod 25 is perpendicular to the working surface and extends out of the scraper 23. The chain bracket 24 is plugged into the sliding rod 25 and can slide along the guide direction of the sliding rod 25. The maximum distance that the scraper 23 can slide is the sliding length of the sliding rod 25 between the chain brackets 24.

[0075] The ball 26 is fixedly mounted on the scraper 23. A ball bracket is fixedly mounted on a side wall of the scraper 23 close to the guide rail body 31. The ball 26 is fixedly mounted in the ball bracket. The ball 26 can roll in the ball bracket. The ball bracket does not affect the contact between the ball 26 and the guide groove 32. The ball 26 is rolled in the guide groove 32. The guide groove 32 is provided with a protruding portion to prevent the ball 26 from falling out of the guide groove 32.

[0076] The annular guide rail is divided into a first guide rail segment 35, a second guide rail segment 36 and a third guide rail segment 37;

[0077] The third guide rail section 37 is located between the first guide rail section 35 and the second guide rail section 36. The first guide rail section 35 is closer to the slag discharge channel 12 than the second guide rail section 36. The first guide rail section 35 is fixedly mounted on the conveyor body, and the second guide rail section 36 is slidably mounted on the conveyor body. The sliding direction of the second guide rail section 36 is perpendicular to the working surface.

[0078] The guide surface of the first guide rail segment 35 is a first guide surface, and the guide surface of the second guide rail segment 36 is a second guide surface. The first guide surface is parallel to the second guide surface, the first guide surface is parallel to the moving direction of the chain 22, and the first guide surface is parallel to the working surface.

[0079] The third guide rail section 37 includes a first guide rail 33 and a second guide rail 34. Both ends of the guide groove 32 of the second guide rail 34 extend and penetrate the guide rail body of the second guide rail 34. The second guide rail 34 is hinged to the second guide rail section 36. The rotation axis of the second guide rail 34 is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the scraper 23. The guide groove 32 of the second guide rail 34 is connected to the guide groove 32 of the second guide rail section 36. The ball 26 rolls from the guide groove 32 of the second guide rail section 36 into the guide groove 32 of the second guide rail 34.

[0080] The guide groove 32 of the first slide rail 33 extends at both ends and passes through the slide rail body of the first slide rail 33. The first slide rail 33 is hinged to the first guide rail section 35. The rotation axis of the first slide rail 33 is parallel to the rotation axis of the second slide rail 34. The guide groove 32 of the first slide rail 33 is communicated with the guide groove 32 of the first guide rail section 35. The guide groove 32 of the first slide rail 33 is slidably connected to the slide rail body of the second slide rail 34. The sliding direction of the slide rail body of the second slide rail 34 is the same as the guiding direction of the guide groove 32 of the first slide rail 33. The ball 26 rolls from the guide groove 32 of the first slide rail 33 into the guide groove 32 of the first guide rail section 35.

[0081] The guide grooves 32 of the first slide rail 33 and the second slide rail 34 are both provided with guiding inclined surfaces to prevent the balls 26 from falling out of the gap between the guide grooves 32 of the first slide rail 33 and the second slide rail 34;

[0082] The conveying subunit further includes a power assembly, a fixed end of the power assembly is provided on the conveyor body, the power end of the power drilling is fixedly connected to the slide rail of the second track segment, and the power assembly provides power for the slide rail of the second track segment to slide perpendicular to the working surface;

[0083] The power assembly is a number of sixth hydraulic cylinders, the cylinder bodies of the sixth hydraulic cylinders are fixedly mounted on the cutter disc body 11, the piston rods of the sixth hydraulic cylinders are fixedly connected to the second guide rail section 36, and the sixth hydraulic cylinders can drive the second guide rail section 36 to move up and down to change the degree of fit between the scraper 23 and the working surface by changing the height of the second guide rail section 36.

[0084] In this embodiment, a partition block is further provided on the lower end surface of the guide rail body 31. The bottom end surface of the partition block is in contact with the working surface. The position where the scraper 23 conveys the rock debris into the spiral rod is taken as the lowest point, and the highest position where the scraper 23 moves along the ring conveyor is taken as the highest point. The partition block divides the moving trajectory of the scraper 23 into a scraping stroke and a reset stroke using the connecting segment of the lowest and highest points as the length axis. The scraper 23 scrapes the rock debris on the working surface into the spiral rod during the scraping stroke. The scraper 23 is cleaned of the residual rock debris on its scraping surface by the floating soil scraper 41 during the reset stroke.

[0085] The partition block is located below the second guide rail segment 36 and can move along with the second guide rail segment 36 ;

[0086] The dividing block can prevent the scraper 23 from dropping out of both sides of the scraper 23 when scraping. The ball bearings 26 ensure that the annular guide rail does not affect the sliding of the scraper 23. The annular guide rail ensures that the scraper 23 can scrape the rock debris into the guide pipe 27.

[0087] In this embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 12 The third guide rail segment 37 includes two first slide rails 33 and two second slide rails 34, and the first guide rail segment 35 and the second guide rail segment 36 each include two connection points;

[0088] The movement trajectory of the scraper 23 when moving along the first guide rail section 35 is a first movement trajectory, and the movement trajectory of the scraper 23 when moving along the second guide rail section 36 is a second movement trajectory;

[0089] The two hinged positions of the first guide rail section 35 and the two first slide rails 33 are respectively a first connection point and a third connection point. The first connection point and the third connection point are both located outside the guide pipe 27, and the third connection point is located behind the first connection point along the first movement trajectory.

[0090] The two hinged positions of the second guide rail section 36 and the two second slide rails 34 are respectively a second connection point and a fourth connection point. The fourth connection point is located before the second connection point along the second movement trajectory. The sprocket 21 closest to the outer edge of the cutter head body 11 among the plurality of sprockets 21 is the second sprocket. The movement direction of the scraper 23 scraping the rock debris from the second sprocket position into the slag discharge channel 12 is the third direction. When the scraper 23 moves along the second guide rail section 36, the position where the scraper 23 starts to move along the third direction is the first starting point. The fourth connection point is located before the first starting point along the second direction.

[0091] The first slide rail 33 at the first connection point is slidably connected to the second slide rail 34 at the second connection point, and the first slide rail 33 at the third connection point is slidably connected to the second slide rail 34 at the fourth connection point.

[0092] The rotation axes of the two first slide rails 33 are parallel to each other, the rotation axes of the two second slide rails 34 are parallel to each other, and the sliding directions of the two second slide rails 34 are the same as the guiding directions of the first slide rails 33 to which they are slidably connected.

[0093] In this embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 12 , the scraper cleaning unit also includes a second hydraulic cylinder 46, a cylinder, a fixed plate 44, a force unloading plate 45, a solidified tuff cleaning plate 43, a resistance data collector and a data processing element;

[0094] The pushing end of the second hydraulic cylinder 46 is fixedly connected to the fixed plate 44. The pushing end of the second hydraulic cylinder 46 drives the fixed plate 44 to move. The extension and retraction direction of the second hydraulic cylinder 46 is parallel to the scraping surface of the scraper 23. The second hydraulic cylinder 46 drives the fixed plate 44 to move in a direction parallel to the scraping surface of the scraper 23.

[0095] The fixed bracket extending from the cutter head body 11 has two mounting points, one for fixing the cylinder body of the first hydraulic cylinder 42 and the other for mounting the cylinder body of the second hydraulic cylinder 46. The cylinder body of the second hydraulic cylinder 46 is fixedly mounted on the fixed bracket.

[0096] The cylinder is fixedly mounted on the fixed plate 44, and the pushing end of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the solidified tuff cleaning plate 43. The extension and contraction direction of the cylinder is perpendicular to the scraping surface of the scraper 23. The cylinder drives the solidified tuff cleaning plate 43 to move in a direction perpendicular to the scraping surface of the scraper 23. Driven by the cylinder, the solidified tuff cleaning plate 43 cleans the solidified tuff slag remaining on the scraper 23.

[0097] The solidified tuff cleaning plate 43 is slidably mounted on the fixed plate 44. The sliding direction of the solidified tuff cleaning plate 43 is perpendicular to the scraping surface of the scraper 23. When the fixed plate 44 moves along the extension and contraction direction of the second hydraulic cylinder 46, the solidified tuff cleaning plate 43 moves synchronously with the fixed plate 44.

[0098] The unloading plate 45 is fixedly mounted on the fixing plate 44 , and the unloading plate 45 is parallel to the solidified tuff cleaning plate 43 . The size of the unloading plate 45 is consistent with that of the scraper 23 .

[0099] After the scraper 41 has finished cleaning, a small amount of muddy tuff residue may remain on the surface of the scraper 23. This small amount of muddy tuff residue will dry on the scraper 23 surface to form some hard gravel. Therefore, a second cleaning is required using the solidified tuff cleaning plate 43.

[0100] When the solidified tuff cleaning plate 43 cleans the scraper 23, the scraper 23 is located between the solidified tuff cleaning plate 43 and the unloading plate 45, and the unloading plate 45 and the scraper 23 are in contact with each other;

[0101] The resistance data collector collects resistance data of the floating soil scraper 41 during sliding. The signal input end of the data processing element is electrically connected to the signal output end of the resistance data collector. The data processing element controls the solidified tuff cleaning plate 43 to clean the solidified tuff residue remaining on the scraper 23 according to the output signal of the collector.

[0102] After collecting the resistance value of the floating soil scraper 41, the resistance data collector transmits the data to the data processing element through the signal output end. The data processing element judges whether there is any solidified tuff slag remaining on the scraper 23 by comparing the change in the resistance value of the floating soil scraper 41. The data processing element controls the second hydraulic cylinder 46 to drive the fixed plate 44 to move in a direction parallel to the scraping surface of the scraper 23. When the fixed plate 44 is driven by the second hydraulic cylinder 46 to move to a direction parallel to the scraping surface of the scraper 23, the fixed plate 44 is rotated. When the solidified tuff cleaning plate 43 is in the position of the row, the data processing component controls the cylinder to drive the solidified tuff cleaning plate 43 to repeatedly hammer the scraping surface of the scraper 23 to re-crush the solidified tuff slag. When the solidified tuff cleaning plate 43 repeatedly hammers the scraper 23, the unloading plate 45 bears part of the excess hammering force behind the scraper 23. The unloading plate 45 prevents the scraper 23 from being displaced when it is hit by the solidified tuff cleaning plate 43, thereby avoiding the fracture of the connection between the scraper 23 and the conveying subunit due to the hammering.

[0103] In this embodiment, the solidified tuff cleaning plate 43 is further provided with a plurality of protrusions, which are fixedly mounted on the solidified tuff cleaning plate 43 and are used to crush the solidified tuff slag remaining on the scraper 23;

[0104] When the solidified tuff cleaning plate 43 repeatedly hammers the scraping surface of the scraper 23, the several protrusions on the solidified tuff cleaning plate 43 enhance the crushing effect of the solidified tuff cleaning plate 43 on the solidified tuff slag, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the scraper 23 underground.

[0105] In this embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 12 , any of the tool box units includes a tool box body, a third hydraulic cylinder, a tool holder and a tool 56;

[0106] The knife box body is slidably mounted on the bracket, the sliding direction of the knife box body along the bracket is parallel to the guide direction of the bracket, the outer side wall of the knife box body is open, and a sliding groove is formed in the knife box body, and the sliding groove is perpendicular to the outer side wall of the knife box body;

[0107] The tool holder is slidably installed in the sliding groove, and a plurality of tools 56 are rotatably installed on the tool holder. The upper half of the tool holder is a sliding block 57. The outer contour of the sliding block 57 is in contact with several inner walls of the tool box body and extends out of the sliding block at the sliding groove position. The sliding block 57 is installed in the sliding groove through the sliding block. The lower half of the tool holder is a mounting rod 59 with a rod at the upper part and a circular mounting piece at the lower part. The mounting rods 59 of the tool holder correspond to the number of tools 56. The upper part of the mounting rod 59 is fixedly connected to the sliding block 57 of the tool holder, and the tool 56 is rotatably installed in the circular mounting piece. The tool holder, a part of which is in contact with several inner walls of the tool box body, can prevent the gravel cut during the excavation process from passing through the inside of the tool box body and the cutter disc holder and getting stuck in the working device on the cutter disc body 11;

[0108] The cutter 56 is a center double roller cutter commonly found in the field of shaft boring machines;

[0109] The fixed end of the third hydraulic cylinder is fixedly mounted in the tool box body, and the telescopic end of the third hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the tool holder. The connection portion between the telescopic end of the third hydraulic cylinder and the tool holder is the sliding block 57 of the tool holder. The third hydraulic cylinder provides power for the sliding of the tool holder.

[0110] When the telescopic end of the third hydraulic cylinder is extended and retracted to drive the tool holder to move and the displacement is minimum, the tool 56 is completely located in the tool box body; when the telescopic end of the third hydraulic cylinder is extended and retracted to drive the tool holder to move and the displacement is maximum, the tool 56 extends from the outer wall opening of the tool box body;

[0111] During the actual excavation process of a vertical shaft tunneling machine, the cutter 56 repeatedly contacts the rocks on the working surface. These rocks generate significant resistance to the cutter 56 as it moves on the working surface, thereby generating resistance to the motor that drives the corresponding cutter 56. In the field of full-face tunneling machines, since the cutter 56 of the tunneling machine rotates to crush the rocks on the entire working surface, the torque requirements of its motor are often higher, thereby increasing the research and development difficulty and operating cost of full-face vertical shaft tunneling machines. When we alternately use the cutter 56 of the center ring cutterhead and the cutter 56 of the edge cutterhead for cutting, we can effectively reduce the torque burden on the motor while ensuring excavation efficiency, thereby reducing the torque demand on the motor and reducing the operating cost and research and development difficulty of the full-face tunneling machine.

[0112] When our shaft boring machine needs to excavate a mixture of fine rock and solid rock, it is often not necessary for all cutters 56 on the cutterhead to remain in operation at all times. By designing the sliding mechanism of the cutters 56, we can also timely change the number of cutters 56 in contact with the working surface to achieve the purpose of adjusting the working efficiency of the boring machine. While ensuring the boring efficiency, we can control the wear rate of the boring machine equipment itself, effectively reduce the wear rate of the cutters 56 on the boring machine cutterhead, and extend its service life.

[0113] When we need the tool 56 in the tool box body to cut rock, the telescopic end of the third hydraulic cylinder drives the tool holder to move downward along the sliding groove direction, and the tool box body does not move. During the displacement of the tool holder, the tool 56 at its lower end extends out of the outer wall of the tool box body from the opening of the outer wall of the tool box body and contacts the rock on the working surface. The cutter disc body 11 drives the tool box body to rotate around the center of the cutter disc body 11 to perform cutting action. The sliding power of the tool holders in several tool box bodies is provided by their respective third hydraulic cylinders. Whether the tools 56 of several tool box bodies are cutting the rock surface can be controlled separately. The setting of the tool box body realizes step-by-step excavation.

[0114] In this embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 12 , the bracket is two "L"-shaped sliding support plates 61;

[0115] The two "L"-shaped sliding support plates 61 are symmetrical with respect to the tool box body. One end of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61 is fixedly connected to the outer edge of the cutter disc body 11, and the other end of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61 is fixedly connected to the center of the cutter disc body 11. The horizontal height of the end of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61 connected to the center of the cutter disc body 11 at the bracket is lower than the horizontal height of the end of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61 connected to the outer edge of the cutter disc body 11 at the bracket;

[0116] The knife box body is located between the two "L"-shaped sliding support plates 61, the left portion of the outer wall of the knife box body is in contact with the upper end surface of the horizontal plate of the left "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61, and the right portion of the outer wall of the knife box body is in contact with the upper end surface of the horizontal plate of the right "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61. Under the action of gravity, the knife box body slides down along the guide direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61, and the height of the vertical plate of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61 is lower than the height of the knife box body;

[0117] When the knife box body is between the two "L"-shaped sliding support plates 61, one end of the first knife box body 62 is located at the end position of the two "L"-shaped sliding support plates 61, and the end positions of the two "L"-shaped sliding support plates 61 are in contact with the center position of the knife disc body 11, and the two "L"-shaped sliding support plates 61 can limit the first knife box body 62 from sliding down due to gravity at this position. One end of the second knife box body 64 is located at the other end position of the two "L"-shaped sliding support plates 61, and the two "L"-shaped sliding support plates 61 are in contact with the outer edge position of the knife disc body 11 at this position, and the two "L"-shaped sliding support plates 61 can limit the second knife box body 64 at this position, and before the several knife box bodies of the two "L"-shaped sliding support plates 61 change the position of the first knife box body 62 in the knife box position alternation sub-unit, the positions of the several knife box bodies will not change;

[0118] The tool 56 in the tool box body is extended from the opening of the outer wall of the tool box body under the drive of the sliding power assembly. The space between the two "L"-shaped sliding support plates 61 is large enough to ensure that the tool 56 does not collide with the "L"-shaped sliding support plates 61 when extended.

[0119] When the positions of several knife box bodies need to be replaced, the knife box position alternating subunit will move the first knife box body 62 away, and the several knife box bodies on the two "L"-shaped sliding support plates 61 will no longer be self-locking and will slide down along the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plates 61. After the sliding is completed, the original position of the second knife box body 64 is vacant, and the first knife box body 62 is moved to this position by the knife box position alternating subunit. The two "L"-shaped sliding support plates 61 can ensure the normal sliding of several knife box bodies after the first knife box body 62 is removed.

[0120] In this embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 12 , the knife box fixing unit includes three knife box bodies;

[0121] The upper end surface of the transverse plate of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61 is stepped along its length direction, and the upper end surface of the transverse plate of the stepped "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61 includes a first step surface and a second step surface, the knife box body of the first knife box unit is the first knife box body 62, the knife box body of the second knife box unit is the second knife box body 64, the knife box unit between the first knife box unit and the second knife box unit is the third knife box unit, and the knife box body of the third knife box unit is the third knife box body 63, the first step surface is close to the center position of the knife disc body 11, and the second step is close to the outer edge of the knife disc body 11, the first knife box body 62 and the third knife box body 63 are both located on the first step surface, and the second knife box body 64 is located on the second step surface;

[0122] The first knife box body 62 and the third knife box body 63 are located adjacent to each other and the adjacent end surfaces are fitted together. The step surface where the first knife box and the third knife box body 63 are located has a certain height difference from the step surface where the second knife box body 64 is located. This height difference can prevent the third knife box body 63 from moving to the highest position of the horizontal plane of the bracket where the second knife box body 64 is located. The length of the second step surface is slightly smaller than the first step surface. The first step surface is to ensure that the second knife box body 64 located on the second step surface can slide to the first step surface with the correct posture. The length of the first step is slightly longer than the length of the two knife box bodies in this direction. The length difference between the second step surface and the first step surface is the length of the first step surface that exceeds the length of the two knife box bodies. Therefore, a part of the second knife box body 64 will slide out of the second step surface and fit into one end of the third knife box body 63, so that each knife box body can complete self-locking on the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61, thereby preventing the first knife box body 62 from falling to the original position of the second knife box body 64 when several knife box bodies are replaced.

[0123] The tool box position alternation subunit further includes a vertical power assembly for driving the first tool box body 62 to move in a direction perpendicular to the length of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61, the vertical power assembly including a fourth hydraulic cylinder 71, a first plug-in block 72 and a second plug-in block 54;

[0124] The first plug-in block 72 is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the fourth hydraulic cylinder 71. A first plug-in slot 73 is formed on a side of the first plug-in block 72 close to the second tool box body 64. The length direction of the first plug-in slot 73 is parallel to the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61.

[0125] The knife box body is fixedly connected to a second plug-in block 54. When the first knife box body 62 slides along the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61, the second plug-in block 54 is plugged into the first plug-in slot 73.

[0126] The fixed end of the fourth hydraulic cylinder 71 is fixedly connected to the cutter head body 11, and the extension direction of the fourth hydraulic cylinder 71 is perpendicular to the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61;

[0127] When the number of the fourth hydraulic cylinders 71 is an even number, the fourth hydraulic cylinders 71 are evenly distributed on both sides of the first tool box body 62, and a sliding avoidance groove is opened on the two "L"-shaped sliding support plates 61. The sliding avoidance groove passes through the inner and outer end surfaces of the "L"-shaped sliding support plates 61. The trajectory of the sliding avoidance groove is the same as the sliding trajectory of the second plug-in block 54 when sliding on the two "L"-shaped sliding support plates 61. The sliding avoidance groove can avoid the sliding of the second plug-in block 54;

[0128] When the number of the fourth hydraulic cylinder 71 is one, the fourth hydraulic cylinder 71 is located at one end of the first knife box body 62 close to the knife disc body 11. The telescopic force of the fourth hydraulic cylinder 71 can ensure that the first knife box body 62 slides up smoothly. At this time, one end of the first knife box body 62 is in contact with the third knife box body 63, and the end of the third knife box body 63 in contact with the first knife box body 62 serves as a sliding track for the first knife box body 62.

[0129] When the first knife box body 62 needs to move in a direction perpendicular to the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61, the fourth hydraulic cylinder 71 drives the corresponding knife box body to move through the second plug-in block 54 plugged into the first plug-in slot 73 of the first plug-in block 72, and the moving distance of the first knife box body 62 driven by the fourth hydraulic cylinder 71 is greater than or equal to the height of the first knife box body 62;

[0130] The tool box position alternation subunit further includes a horizontal power assembly for driving the first tool box body 62 to move in a direction parallel to the length of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61, the horizontal power assembly including a fifth hydraulic cylinder 81, a first plug-in plate 82, a second plug-in plate 83 and a connecting rod;

[0131] The first plug-in plate 82 and the second plug-in plate 83 are both fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the fifth hydraulic cylinder 81. A connecting rod is fixedly provided between the first plug-in plate 82 and the second plug-in plate 83. The distance between the first plug-in plate 82 and the second plug-in plate 83 is equal to the side length of the tool box body in the length direction on the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61. The distance between the first plug-in plate 82 and the center position of the cutter disc body 11 is greater than the distance between the second plug-in plate 83 and the center position of the cutter disc body 11.

[0132] The two side walls of the knife box body that are opposite to each other and located in the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61 are respectively provided with a second plugging slot 52 and a third plugging slot 53. The length direction of the second plugging slot 52 and the length direction of the third plugging slot 53 are both perpendicular to the outer wall of the knife box body. The distance between the second plugging slot 52 and the center position of the cutter disc body 11 is greater than the distance between the third plugging slot 53 and the center position of the cutter disc body 11. The second plugging slot 52 is located below the first plugging plate 82, and the third plugging slot 53 is located below the second plugging plate 83.

[0133] The fixed end of the fifth hydraulic cylinder 81 is fixedly connected to the cutter head body 11, and the extension direction of the fifth hydraulic cylinder 81 is parallel to the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61;

[0134] Since a plurality of knives 56 are fixed to each knife box body, the weight of each knife box body is large enough. When one end of the knife box body is in contact with the end face of the other knife box body, when one of the knife box bodies moves, it will drive the knife box body in contact with it to move together. When the end faces of the two knife box bodies are not separated, the knife box body that is not connected by the fifth hydraulic cylinder 81 or the fourth hydraulic cylinder 71 cannot slide down along the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61 under the action of gravity alone.

[0135] The telescopic end of the fourth hydraulic cylinder 71 drives the first tool box to move along the axis, the first plug-in plate 82 is inserted into the second plug-in slot 52, and the second plug-in plate 83 is inserted into the third plug-in slot 53;

[0136] When the first knife box body 62 needs to alternate its position, the fourth hydraulic cylinder 71 drives the first knife box body 62 to move in a direction perpendicular to the length of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61 through the first plug-in block 72 plugged into the first plug-in slot 73. During movement, the first plug-in plate 82 is inserted into the second plug-in slot 52, and the second plug-in plate 83 is inserted into the third plug-in slot 53. After the fourth hydraulic cylinder 71 completes the telescopic action, the second plug-in slot 52 of the first knife box body 62 is plugged into the first plug-in plate 82, and the third plug-in slot 53 of the first knife box body 62 is plugged into the second The plug-in plate 83 is plugged in. At this time, the fifth hydraulic cylinder 81 starts to drive the first knife box body 62 to move in a direction parallel to the length of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61 for the first time. When the first knife box body 62 is completely moved to the top of the third knife box body 63 for the first time, since the end surface of the first knife box body 62 is always in contact with the third knife box body 63 during this movement and the friction between them is upward, the third knife box body 63 cannot continue to move upward due to the presence of the step. The third knife box body 63 does not move. During this process, the fourth hydraulic cylinder 71 has been reset.

[0137] After the fifth hydraulic cylinder 81 drives the first knife box body 62 to its position, it starts to reset and during the reset process, since there is no limiting structure between the third knife box body 63 and the original position of the first knife box body 62, the third knife box body 63 and the second knife box body 64 can slide down together and the second knife box body 64 can also slide down along the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61 to the original position of the third knife box body 63 under the action of gravity due to the sliding of the third knife box body 63. In this process, the second plug-in block 54 on the third knife box body 63 is plugged into the first plug-in block 72 on the telescopic end of the fourth hydraulic cylinder 71;

[0138] The fifth hydraulic cylinder 81 drives the first tool box body 62 to move again. Since the second tool box body 64 and the third tool box body 63 have already completed sliding during this movement, and the upward sliding trend is blocked by the step, the first tool box body 62 can directly slide to the original position of the second tool box body 64. When the first tool box body 62 and the second tool box body 64 are released from the fit, the first tool box body 62 is no longer limited in the direction perpendicular to the length of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61. The first tool box body 62 naturally slides down under the action of gravity, and then slides into the original position of the second tool box body 64, completing the position alternation. The original third tool box body 63 and the original second tool box body 64 can both alternate positions through the above steps, thereby solving the problem in the prior art that the degree of wear of the tools 56 at each position is different when the full-section tunnel boring machine cutter head is excavating in steps, resulting in different replacement timings.

[0139] In this embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 12 , a blocking block is provided at one end of the “L”-shaped sliding support plate 61 close to the outer edge of the cutter head body 11;

[0140] The blocking block is located on the sliding track of the second knife box body 64 when it slides on the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61 toward the knife disc body 11, and the blocking block prevents the knife box body from sliding out of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61 along the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61;

[0141] The end face of the blocking block adjacent to the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61 is flush with the end face of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61 close to the outer edge of the cutter disc body 11, and the blocking block is located in the gap between the two "L"-shaped sliding support plates 61. When the second knife box body 64 slides along the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61, the end face of the second knife box body 64 contacts the end face of the blocking block, and the second knife box body 64 will not slide out of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61 in the horizontal direction.

[0142] In this embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 12 , a guide rod 84 is provided on the cutter disc body 11, the axis of the guide rod 84 is parallel to the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61, the guide rod 84 passes through the first plug-in plate 82 and the second plug-in plate 83, the first plug-in plate 82 slides along the guide rod 84 to the top of the second knife box body 64, the first plug-in plate 82 is located between the first plug-in slot 73 and the second plug-in slot 52 of the second knife box body 64, the second plug-in plate 83 slides along the guide rod 84 to the top of the third knife box body 63, the second plug-in plate 83 is located between the first plug-in slot 73 and the second plug-in slot 52 of the third knife box body 63;

[0143] When the first plug-in board 82 and the second plug-in board 83 are both located above the first knife box body 62, the distance between the first plug-in board 82 and the first knife box body 62 and the distance between the second plug-in board 83 and the first knife box body 62 are both a, and the height difference between the second knife box body 64 and the third knife box body 63 is b, where a=b;

[0144] The cutter box body is further fixedly connected to a guide rod 84, the two ends of which are respectively fixedly connected to the center position of the cutter disc body 11 and the outer edge position of the cutter disc body 11. The length of the guide rod 84 is parallel to the extension direction of the fifth hydraulic cylinder 81. The guide rod 84 passes through the first plug-in plate 82 and the second plug-in plate 83. Both the first plug-in plate 82 and the second plug-in plate 83 can slide along the guide rod 84.

[0145] During excavation operations, the first plug-in plate 82 and the second plug-in plate 83 slide along the length direction of the guide rod 84. The first plug-in plate 82 slides to the top of the second tool box body 64 and limits the upward movement of the second tool box body 64 caused by the shaking of the excavation operation through its plate itself. The second plug-in plate 83 slides to the top of the third tool box body 63 and limits the upward movement of the second tool box body 64 caused by the shaking of the excavation operation through its plate itself. The distance between the first plug-in plate 82 and the second plug-in plate 83 and each tool box body is small and is only the same as the height difference between the first step surface and the second step surface. Therefore, it will not cause the first tool box body 62 to slide out of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 61 when it slides from the plug-in state of the fifth hydraulic cylinder 81 to the original second tool box body 64 position.

[0146] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical principles disclosed herein are intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shaft boring system suitable for various geological conditions, characterized in that: The shaft excavation system comprises: A cutter head body, wherein the cutter head body is arranged to rotate; A plurality of brackets, wherein the brackets are arranged in a circular array on the cutter head body in accordance with the axis of the cutter head body, and the angle between any of the brackets and the cutter head body is an acute angle; A plurality of tool box fixing units, each of which is slidably mounted on the bracket, wherein each tool box fixing unit comprises a tool box position alternating sub-unit and at least two tool box units, and each tool box unit excavates the working face; A lifting unit is provided, wherein a slag discharge channel is provided at the center of the cutter head body, and a lifting unit is provided in the slag discharge channel for lifting the slag on the working surface out of the working surface; A slag discharge unit, comprising a scraper for driving the slag generated on the working surface to move and a conveying sub-unit providing movement power for the scraper, wherein the scraper scrapes the slag generated on the working surface, the sidewall of the scraper scrapes the slag toward the slag discharge channel, and the surface of the scraper scraping the slag is the scraping surface, and the conveying end of the conveying sub-unit drives the scraper to convey the slag on the working surface to the lifting unit in the slag discharge channel; A scraper cleaning unit, comprising a loose soil scraper and a first hydraulic cylinder. The loose soil scraper is slidably mounted on the cutter disc body, the sliding direction of the loose soil scraper being parallel to the scraping surface of the scraper. The loose soil scraper slides to clean loose soil on the scraping surface of the scraper. The fixed end of the first hydraulic cylinder is fixedly mounted on a bracket, and the power end of the first hydraulic cylinder provides sliding power for the sliding of the loose soil scraper. The scraper cleaning unit also includes a second hydraulic cylinder, an air cylinder, a fixed plate, a force unloading plate, a solidified tuff cleaning plate, a resistance data collector and a data processing element; The pushing end of the second hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the fixed plate, and the pushing end of the second hydraulic cylinder drives the fixed plate to move. The extension and retraction direction of the second hydraulic cylinder is parallel to the scraping surface of the scraper, and the second hydraulic cylinder drives the fixed plate to move in a direction parallel to the scraping surface of the scraper; The cylinder is fixedly mounted on the fixed plate, and the pushing end of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the solidified tuff cleaning plate. The extension and contraction direction of the cylinder is perpendicular to the scraping surface of the scraper. The cylinder drives the solidified tuff cleaning plate to move in a direction perpendicular to the scraping surface of the scraper. Driven by the cylinder, the solidified tuff cleaning plate cleans the solidified tuff slag remaining on the scraper. The unloading plate is fixedly mounted on the fixing plate; When the solidified tuff cleaning plate cleans the scraper, the scraper is located between the solidified tuff cleaning plate and the unloading plate, and the unloading plate and the scraper are in contact with each other; The resistance data collector collects the resistance data encountered by the floating soil scraper during sliding. The signal input end of the data processing element is electrically connected to the signal output end of the resistance data collector. The data processing element controls the extension and retraction of the second hydraulic cylinder according to the output signal of the resistance data collector. The data processing element controls the extension and retraction of the cylinder according to the output signal of the resistance data collector.

2. A shaft boring system applicable to various geological conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conveying subunit includes an annular conveyor and a guide pipe; The ring conveyor comprises a conveyor body, a chain and a sprocket, wherein the conveyor body is provided with at least two sprockets, and the power end of the conveyor body provides rotational power for the sprockets; A chain is provided between the sprockets, and the sprockets are meshed with the chain; The scrapers are arranged on the chain in an array along the outer contour of the chain, and the scrapers are driven to move by the chain when the chain moves; A slag inlet is provided on the side wall of the slag discharge channel. During the movement of the chain, the rock slag scraped by the scraper moves through the slag inlet into the lifting unit of the slag discharge channel. The guide pipe is fixedly installed at the slag inlet of the slag discharge channel, one end of the guide pipe is communicated with the inner space of the slag discharge channel, the other end of the guide pipe extends out of the outer wall of the slag discharge channel, and the bottom end surface of the guide pipe is in contact with the working surface; The sprocket closest to the slag discharge channel among the plurality of sprockets is a first sprocket, and the first sprocket is located in the guide pipe; When the chain drives the scraper to move, the scraper sends the rock debris on the working surface into the lifting unit through the guide pipe.

3. A shaft boring system applicable to various geological conditions according to claim 2, characterized in that: The conveying subunit also includes an annular guide rail; The annular guide rail includes a guide rail body and a guide groove; The guide rail body is located inside the chain, and a guide groove is provided on the outer wall of the guide rail body; The scraper is slidably mounted on the chain, and the sliding direction of the scraper is perpendicular to the working surface; The balls are fixedly mounted on the scraper, and the balls are rollingly mounted in the guide chute; The annular guide rail is divided into a first guide rail segment, a second guide rail segment and a third guide rail segment; The third guide rail section is located between the first guide rail section and the second guide rail section. The first guide rail section is closer to the slag discharge channel than the second guide rail section. The first guide rail section is fixedly mounted on the conveyor body. The second guide rail section is slidably mounted on the conveyor body. The sliding direction of the second guide rail section is perpendicular to the working surface. The guide surface of the first guide rail section is a first guide surface, the guide surface of the second guide rail section is a second guide surface, the first guide surface is parallel to the second guide surface, the first guide surface is parallel to the moving direction of the chain, and the first guide surface is parallel to the working surface; The third guide rail section includes a first slide rail and a second slide rail, the guide groove of the second slide rail extends at both ends and passes through the slide rail body of the second slide rail, the second slide rail is hinged to the second guide rail section, the rotation axis of the second slide rail is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the scraper, the guide groove of the second slide rail is connected to the guide groove of the second guide rail section, and the ball rolls from the guide groove of the second guide rail section into the guide groove of the second slide rail; The guide grooves of the first slide rail extend at both ends and pass through the slide rail body of the first slide rail. The first slide rail is hinged to the first guide rail section. The rotation axis of the first slide rail is parallel to the rotation axis of the second guide rail. The guide groove of the first slide rail is connected to the guide groove of the first guide rail section. The guide groove of the first slide rail is slidably connected to the slide rail body of the second slide rail. The sliding direction of the slide rail body of the second slide rail is the same as the guide direction of the guide groove of the first slide rail. The ball rolls from the guide groove of the first slide rail to the guide groove of the first guide rail section.

4. A shaft boring system applicable to various geological conditions according to claim 3, characterized in that: The third guide rail segment includes two first slide rails and two second slide rails, and each of the first guide rail segment and the second guide rail segment includes two connection points; The movement trajectory of the scraper when moving along the first guide rail section is the first movement trajectory, and the movement trajectory of the scraper when moving along the second guide rail section is the second movement trajectory; The two hinged positions between the first guide rail section and the two first slide rails are respectively a first connection point and a third connection point, the first connection point and the third connection point are both located outside the guide pipe, and the third connection point is located behind the first connection point along the first movement trajectory; The two hinged positions of the second guide rail section and the two second slide rails are respectively a second connection point and a fourth connection point, the fourth connection point is located before the second connection point along the second movement trajectory, the sprocket closest to the outer edge of the cutter disc body among the plurality of sprockets is the second sprocket, the movement direction of the scraper to scrape the rock debris from the second sprocket position into the slag discharge channel is the third direction, the position where the scraper starts to move along the third direction when moving along the second guide rail section is the first starting point, and the fourth connection point is located before the first starting point along the second direction; The first slide rail at the first connection point is slidably connected to the second slide rail at the second connection point, and the first slide rail at the third connection point is slidably connected to the second slide rail at the fourth connection point.

5. The vertical shaft excavation system applicable to various geological conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: Any of the tool box units includes a tool box body, a third hydraulic cylinder, a tool support and a tool; The knife box body is slidably mounted on the bracket, the sliding direction of the knife box body along the bracket is parallel to the guide direction of the bracket, the outer side wall of the knife box body is open, and a sliding groove is formed in the knife box body, and the sliding groove is perpendicular to the outer side wall of the knife box body; The tool holder is slidably mounted in the sliding groove, and a plurality of tools are rotatably mounted on the tool holder; The fixed end of the third hydraulic cylinder is fixedly installed in the tool box body, and the sliding end of the third hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the tool bracket, and the third hydraulic cylinder provides power for the sliding of the tool bracket; When the sliding end of the third hydraulic cylinder is extended and retracted to drive the tool holder to move and the displacement is the smallest, the tool is completely located in the tool box body. When the sliding end of the third hydraulic cylinder is extended and retracted to drive the tool holder to move and the displacement is the largest, the tool extends from the opening on the outer wall of the tool box body.

6. A shaft boring system applicable to various geological conditions according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bracket is two "L"-shaped sliding support plates; The two "L"-shaped sliding support plates are symmetrical with respect to the tool box body, one end of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate is fixedly connected to the outer edge of the cutter disc body, and the other end of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate is fixedly connected to the center of the cutter disc body. The height of the bracket at the end of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate connected to the center of the cutter disc body is lower than the height of the bracket at the end of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate connected to the outer edge of the cutter disc body; The knife box body is located between two "L"-shaped sliding support plates, the left part of the outer wall of the knife box body is in contact with the upper end surface of the horizontal plate of the left "L"-shaped sliding support plate, and the right part of the outer wall of the knife box body is in contact with the upper end surface of the horizontal plate of the right "L"-shaped sliding support plate. Under the action of gravity, the knife box body slides down along the guide direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate.

7. A shaft boring system applicable to various geological conditions according to claim 6, characterized in that: The knife box fixing unit includes three knife box bodies; The upper end surface of the transverse plate of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate is stepped along its length direction, and the upper end surface of the transverse plate of the stepped "L"-shaped sliding support plate includes a first step surface and a second step surface, the knife box body of the first knife box unit is the first knife box body, the knife box body of the second knife box unit is the second knife box body, the knife box unit between the first knife box unit and the second knife box unit is the third knife box unit, and the knife box body of the third knife box unit is the third knife box body, the first step surface is close to the center position of the knife disc body, the second step is close to the outer edge of the knife disc body, the first knife box body and the third knife box body are both located on the first step surface, and the second knife box body is located on the second step surface; The tool box position alternation subunit includes a vertical power assembly for driving the first tool box body to move in a direction perpendicular to the length of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate, and the vertical power assembly includes a fourth hydraulic cylinder, a first plug-in block and a second plug-in block; The first plug-in block is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the fourth hydraulic cylinder, and a first plug-in slot is formed on a side of the first plug-in block close to the second tool box body, wherein the length direction of the first plug-in slot is parallel to the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate; The knife box body is fixedly connected to a second plug-in block, and when the first knife box body slides along the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate, the second plug-in block is plugged into the first plug-in slot; The fixed end of the fourth hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the cutter head body, and the extension direction of the fourth hydraulic cylinder is perpendicular to the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate; The tool box position alternation subunit further includes a horizontal power assembly for driving the first tool box body to move in a direction parallel to the length of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate, the horizontal power assembly including a fifth hydraulic cylinder, a first plug-in plate, a second plug-in plate and a connecting rod; The first plug-in plate and the second plug-in plate are both fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the fifth hydraulic cylinder, and a connecting rod is fixedly provided between the first plug-in plate and the second plug-in plate; A second plugging slot and a third plugging slot are respectively provided on two side walls of the knife box body that are opposite to each other and located in the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate. The length direction of the second plugging slot and the length direction of the third plugging slot are both perpendicular to the outer wall of the knife box body. The distance between the second plugging slot and the center position of the knife disc body is greater than the distance between the third plugging slot and the center position of the knife disc body. The second plugging slot is located below the first plugging plate, and the third plugging slot is located below the second plugging plate. The fixed end of the fifth hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the cutter head body, and the extension direction of the fifth hydraulic cylinder is parallel to the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate; The telescopic end of the fourth hydraulic cylinder drives the first tool box to move in a direction perpendicular to the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate, the first plug-in plate is inserted into the second plug-in slot, and the second plug-in plate is inserted into the third plug-in slot.

8. A shaft boring system applicable to various geological conditions according to claim 7, characterized in that: A blocking block is provided at one end of the L-shaped sliding support plate close to the outer edge of the cutter head body; The blocking block is located on the sliding track when the second knife box body slides toward the knife disc body on the "L"-shaped sliding support plate, and the blocking block prevents the knife box body from sliding out of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate along the "L"-shaped sliding support plate.

9. A shaft boring system applicable to various geological conditions according to claim 7, characterized in that: A guide rod is provided on the cutter head body, the axis of the guide rod is parallel to the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate, and the guide rod passes through the first plug-in plate and the second plug-in plate; The first plug-in plate slides along the guide rod to the top of the second knife box body, and the first plug-in plate is located between the first plug-in slot and the second plug-in slot of the second knife box body. The second plug-in plate slides along the guide rod to the top of the third knife box body, and the second plug-in plate is located between the first plug-in slot and the second plug-in slot of the third knife box body. When the first plug-in board and the second plug-in board are both located above the first knife box body, the distance between the first plug-in board and the first knife box body and the distance between the second plug-in board and the first knife box body are both a, and the height difference between the second knife box body and the third knife box body is b, a=b; the first plug-in board limits the upward movement of the second knife box body caused by excavation work, and the second plug-in board limits the upward movement of the third knife box body caused by excavation work.

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