An efficient testing device for precision processing of optical filters
By designing an efficient testing equipment for filter modules, the sprayed high-temperature water mist and vibration units accelerate water mist penetration, combined with the light sensor to detect the light transmission effect, the problem of low efficiency of existing testing methods is solved, and the rapid and accurate waterproof performance detection of filter modules is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411859041.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-17
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-01
- Estimated Expiration
- 2044-12-17
AI Technical Summary
The existing filter module sealing performance testing methods are low efficiency and cannot effectively simulate the water vapor penetration encountered by the filter module in actual use.
An efficient testing equipment was designed, including a fixing table, an outer cylinder, a support ring, a light sensor, annular liquid collector, annular gas pipe, a lifting slider, an electrically controlled rotation ring, a fixing frame, a spray tube and a vibration unit. The device accelerates the penetration of water mist by spraying high-temperature water mist and using a vibration unit to accelerate water mist penetration, combining with a light sensor to detect light transmission effect, improving testing efficiency.
The efficiency of the waterproof performance detection of the filter module is significantly improved, and the waterproof performance of the filter module can be quickly and accurately feedback, enhancing the detection effect of the waterproof performance of the filter module.
Smart Images

Figure CN119334542B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the field of filter module performance testing, and in particular to a high-efficiency testing device for precision processing of filters. Background Art
[0002] The filter module is generally composed of a fixing ring and a filter lens located in the fixing ring. The sealing performance is considered when designing the filter module. For example, a sealant is filled in the annular gap between the fixing ring and the filter lens of the filter module. When the filter module has excellent sealing performance, it can block a large amount of impurities such as water vapor and dust from penetrating into the filter module, so as to prevent the filter module from being affected by water vapor and dust and interfering with the light transmission effect. Therefore, in the process of precision machining of the filter module, it is necessary to test the sealing performance of the filter module, especially to test the sealing performance of the sealant filled in the filter module to determine whether the sealing performance of the filter module is qualified. However, the existing sealing test method generally uses a water spray test method for testing. This method is different from the situation in which water vapor slowly penetrates during the actual use of the filter module, and it also requires a long test waiting time for water to penetrate, which affects the test efficiency of the filter module. Summary of the invention
[0003] In order to overcome the shortcoming that long-term waterproof testing work leads to low efficiency in testing the waterproof performance of a filter module, the present invention provides a high-efficiency testing device for precision machining of filters.
[0004] The technical implementation scheme of the present invention is as follows: an efficient testing device for precision processing of optical filters, comprising a fixed platform, an outer cylinder, a support ring, a light sensor, an annular liquid collecting pipe, an annular air pipe, a lifting slider, an electric control rotating ring, a fixed frame, a spray pipe and a vibration unit; the outer cylinder is fixedly connected to the fixed platform; an inner annular groove structure is provided in the outer cylinder; a support ring is slidably connected to the inner annular groove structure of the outer cylinder; a first spring is fixedly connected between the support ring and the outer cylinder; a light sensor is installed on the fixed platform; an annular air pipe is fixedly connected in the outer cylinder; a plurality of springs are provided on the annular air pipe The invention relates to a gas delivery nozzle structure; a lifting slider is slidably connected to the fixed platform; an electric control push rod for driving the lifting slider to move up and down is installed on the fixed platform; the telescopic end of the electric control push rod is fixedly connected to the lifting slider; an annular pressing block is fixedly connected to the lifting slider; a sealing ring tightly attached to the gap between the filter module and the support ring is fixedly connected in the annular pressing block; an electric control swivel is rotatably connected to the annular pressing block; a fixing frame is connected to the electric control swivel; a spray pipe for spraying water mist downward is fixedly connected to the fixing frame; an infusion tube is fixedly connected to the annular pressing block; a vibration unit for generating vibration on the support ring is connected to the fixing frame.
[0005] More preferably, an annular liquid collecting pipe is fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer cylinder; a plurality of liquid outlet hole structures connected to the inner annular groove structure are opened on the outer cylinder; all liquid outlet hole structures on the outer cylinder are connected to the annular liquid collecting pipe; and a liquid discharge pipe is connected to the annular liquid collecting pipe.
[0006] More preferably, a plurality of drainage hole structures are provided on the support ring; and all the drainage hole structures on the support ring are connected to the inner annular groove structure of the outer cylinder.
[0007] More preferably, an electrically controlled three-way valve is installed on the fixing platform; and the annular gas transmission pipe is connected to the electrically controlled three-way valve.
[0008] More preferably, a lighting lamp is installed on the fixing frame.
[0009] More preferably, a light shield is fixedly connected to the electrically controlled swivel.
[0010] More preferably, the vibration unit includes a micro vibration motor, a height adjustment threaded rod and a rubber ball; the micro vibration motor is installed on the fixing frame; the height adjustment threaded rod is screwed on the fixing frame; and a rubber ball is fixedly connected to the lower end of the height adjustment threaded rod.
[0011] More preferably, a convex lens is fixedly connected to the annular liquid collecting pipe to provide protection above the optical sensor, and the surface of the convex lens is coated with a hydrophobic layer.
[0012] More preferably, the annular liquid collecting pipe is provided with an outer annular groove structure surrounding the outer side of the convex lens, and the outer annular groove structure is connected to the inside of the annular liquid collecting pipe.
[0013] More preferably, the fixing frame is slidably connected to the electrically controlled rotating ring; and a second spring is fixedly connected between the fixing frame and the electrically controlled rotating ring.
[0014] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention is a high-efficiency testing device for precision processing of optical filters, which is mainly composed of an outer cylinder, a support ring, a light sensor and an annular pressing block. After the optical filter module is clamped between the support ring and the vibration unit of the annular pressing block, the spray tube continuously sprays high-temperature water mist to the surface of the optical filter module, the light sensor continuously detects the light transmittance effect of the optical filter module, and the annular air pipe performs suction work in the outer cylinder. This method can increase the penetration speed of high-temperature water mist into the interior of the optical filter module with unqualified waterproof performance, and accelerate the waterproof detection efficiency of the optical filter module. At the same time, the vibration unit continuously vibrates on the surface of the optical filter module, so that the damaged area of the optical filter module with unqualified waterproof performance is further expanded, and the diffusion range of high-temperature water mist in the optical filter module is increased, thereby improving the detection efficiency of the optical sensor for identifying high-temperature water mist in the optical filter module, and by quickly, accurately and intuitively feeding back the waterproof performance of the optical filter module, the detection effect of the waterproof performance of the optical filter module is enhanced;
[0015] The invention discloses an efficient testing device for precision processing of optical filters, which solves the technical problems that long-term waterproof testing leads to low efficiency of testing the waterproof performance of the optical filter module and it is impossible to intuitively observe whether high-temperature water mist will penetrate into the optical filter module. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram for describing the present invention;
[0017] Figure 2 A schematic diagram for describing the electrically controlled swivel of the present invention;
[0018] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a fixing frame for describing the present invention;
[0019] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a vibration unit for describing the present invention;
[0020] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of an outer cylinder for describing the present invention;
[0021] Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of the outer cylinder and the support ring for describing the present invention;
[0022] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of an annular liquid collecting pipe is provided to describe the present invention;
[0023] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of an annular gas pipeline for describing the present invention.
[0024] The markings of the components in the accompanying drawings are as follows: 1-fixed table, 2-outer cylinder, 201-inner annular groove structure, 202-liquid outlet structure, 31-support ring, 3101-drainage hole structure, 32-first spring, 4-light sensor, 5-annular liquid collecting pipe, 501-outer annular groove structure, 51-drainage pipe, 52-convex lens, 6-annular air supply pipe, 601-air supply nozzle structure, 61-electrically controlled three-way valve, 71-lifting slider, 72-electrically controlled push rod, 73-annular pressure block, 74-sealing ring, 75-electrically controlled swivel, 76-fixed frame, 77-second spring, 78-light shield, 79-illumination lamp, 8-spray pipe, 81-infusion pipe, 91-micro vibration motor, 92-heightening threaded rod, 93-rubber ball. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Example
[0026] An efficient testing device for precision processing of optical filters, such as Figure 1-Figure 8As shown, it includes a fixed platform 1, an outer tube 2, a support ring 31, a light sensor 4, an annular liquid collecting pipe 5, an annular gas transmission pipe 6, a lifting slider 71, an electric control rotating ring 75, a fixed frame 76, a light shield 78, an illuminating lamp 79, a spray tube 8 and a vibration unit; the fixed platform 1 is fixedly connected with the outer tube 2; a circle of inner annular groove structure 201 is provided in the outer tube 2; the support ring 31 is slidably connected to the inner annular groove structure 201 of the outer tube 2, and an inner concave structure is provided in the support ring 31; the support A first spring 32 is fixedly connected between the ring 31 and the outer tube 2, and the first spring 32 is located in the inner annular groove structure 201 of the outer tube 2; a light sensor 4 is installed on the fixed platform 1, and the light sensor 4 is located below the support ring 31; an annular gas pipe 6 is fixedly connected to the outer tube 2, and the annular gas pipe 6 is located between the support ring 31 and the light sensor 4; a plurality of gas nozzle structures 601 are arranged on the annular gas pipe 6; an electric-controlled three-way valve 61 is installed on the fixed platform 1; the annular gas pipe 6 is connected to the outer tube 2; a plurality of gas nozzle structures 601 are arranged on the annular gas pipe 6 ... The first connection port of the electric-controlled three-way valve 61 is connected; the second connection port of the electric-controlled three-way valve 61 is externally connected to a vacuum suction machine; the third connection port of the electric-controlled three-way valve 61 is externally connected to a hot air conveyor; a lifting slider 71 is slidably connected to the fixed platform 1; an electric-controlled push rod 72 is installed on the fixed platform 1; the telescopic end of the electric-controlled push rod 72 is fixedly connected to the lifting slider 71; an annular pressure block 73 is fixedly connected to the lifting slider 71; a sealing ring 74 is fixedly connected inside the annular pressure block 73; a An electrically controlled swivel 75; a fixing frame 76 is connected to the electrically controlled swivel 75; a spray pipe 8 for spraying water mist downward is fixedly connected to the fixing frame 76; an infusion pipe 81 is fixedly connected to the annular pressing block 73; the infusion pipe 81 is externally connected to a hot water delivery device; the outlet end of the infusion pipe 81 is rotatably connected to the inlet end of the spray pipe 8; a vibration unit is connected to the fixing frame 76; a light shield 78 for blocking external light is fixedly connected to the electrically controlled swivel 75; and four lighting lamps 79 for irradiating light downward are installed on the fixing frame 76.
[0027] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, an annular liquid collecting pipe 5 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer cylinder 2; a plurality of liquid outlet hole structures 202 connected to the inner annular groove structure 201 are provided on the outer cylinder 2; all the liquid outlet hole structures 202 on the outer cylinder 2 are connected to the annular liquid collecting pipe 5; a drainage pipe 51 is connected to the annular liquid collecting pipe 5; the annular liquid collecting pipe 5 is externally connected to the waste liquid tank through the drainage pipe 51; a plurality of drainage hole structures 3101 penetrating from top to bottom are provided on the support ring 31; all the drainage hole structures 3101 on the support ring 31 are connected to the inner annular groove structure 201 of the outer cylinder 2.
[0028] like Figure 4As shown, the vibration unit includes a micro vibration motor 91, a height adjustment threaded rod 92 and a rubber ball 93; two symmetrical micro vibration motors 91 are installed on the fixed frame 76; two symmetrical height adjustment threaded rods 92 are screwed on the fixed frame 76; a rubber ball 93 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the two height adjustment threaded rods 92, and the height adjustment threaded rod 92 can be rotated to drive the rubber ball 93 to move up and down to adjust the height.
[0029] During the preparation, the operator first places the filter module in the recessed structure in the support ring 31, so that the upper surface of the filter module's fixing ring and the upper surface of the filter lens are flush with the upper surface of the support ring 31, and then starts the inspection work.
[0030] First, the electric control push rod 72 pushes the lifting slider 71 to drive the annular pressing block 73 to move downward, so that the lower ends of the sealing ring 74 and the two rubber balls 93 on the fixing frame 76 are both in close contact with the surface of the filter module in the support ring 31. At this time, the sealing ring 74 will be in close contact with the upper surface of the support ring 31 and the upper surface of the fixing ring at the same time, that is, the gap between the support ring 31 and the fixing ring will also be covered, but the adhesion area to be tested between the fixing ring and the filter lens will still leak out, and the annular pressing block 73 will be sleeved on the outer side of the outer cylinder 2 to form isolation, and then the electric control push rod 72 continues to push the lifting slider 71 to drive the annular pressing block 73 to move downward, so that the annular pressing block 73 drives the sealing ring 74 to move downward. The sealing ring 74 pushes the support ring 31 to move downward along the inner annular groove structure 201 of the outer tube 2. At the same time, the support ring 31 drives the first spring 32 to compress and deform downward to generate a reverse elastic force, and generates a reverse elastic supporting force to the filter module through the support ring 31. At this time, a closed space is formed in the area below the filter module inside the outer tube 2. Then, the electrically controlled three-way valve 61 is switched to a state where the first connection port and the second connection port are connected. An external vacuum suction machine performs suction work in the area below the filter module inside the outer tube 2 through the annular air pipe 6, and a negative pressure is generated in the closed space in the area below the filter module inside the outer tube 2.
[0031] After that, the electrically controlled three-way valve 61 disconnects the connection between the first connection port and the second connection port, and the external vacuum suction machine also stops working. At the same time, the lighting lamp 79 irradiates light downward, and the light sensor 4 detects the light passing through the filter module to obtain the light transmittance effect of the filter module in a normal state. The specific detection method is a mature existing technology and is not repeated here. After that, the external hot water delivery equipment continuously delivers hot water to the spray pipe 8 through the infusion tube 81, and the spray pipe 8 continuously sprays the hot water in the form of high-temperature water mist and then diffuses it in the internal space of the light shield 78. After that, the external hot water delivery equipment stops working. At this time, if the sealant filled in the filter module has cracks, resulting in problems with the sealing performance, the high-temperature water mist in the hot water will penetrate downward into the inner space of the outer tube 2 through the cracks in the sealant in the filter module under the negative pressure suction action in the closed space inside the outer tube 2. In the closed space, the high-temperature water mist that subsequently penetrates into the closed space inside the outer cylinder 2 will quickly diffuse to the surroundings in the closed space inside the outer cylinder 2. During this process, the electric control rotating ring 75 continuously drives the fixing frame 76 to rotate, and at the same time, the micro vibration motor 91 vibrates on the fixing frame 76. The fixing frame 76 continuously transmits the vibration force to the rubber ball 93 by raising the threaded rod 92, and the rubber ball 93 drives the filter module elastically supported by the first spring 32 to vibrate, so that the rubber ball 93 rotates with the fixing frame 76 on the electric control rotating ring 75. The rubber ball 93 vibrates multiple areas of the filter module in turn, so that the crack area of the sealant filled in the filter module is further expanded, thereby increasing the speed at which the high-temperature water mist penetrates the filter module into the closed space inside the outer cylinder 2, so that more high-temperature water mist penetrates the filter module into the closed space inside the outer cylinder 2 in a short time.
[0032] After that, the electric-controlled rotating ring 75 and the micro-vibration motor 91 stop working, and then the electric-controlled push rod 72 pulls the lifting slider 71 to drive the sealing ring 74 on the annular pressing block 73 to move upward away from the filter module, so that the high-temperature water mist floating on the filter module is not blocked by the sealing ring 74 and the light shield 78 and dissipates outward. At the same time, the hot water layer gathered on the filter module also flows along the convex structure on the surface of the filter module toward the surrounding edges to the drainage hole structure 3101 of the support ring 31, and the hot water then flows through the drainage hole structure 3101 of the support ring 31, the inner annular groove structure 201 of the outer cylinder 2, the liquid outlet hole structure 202 of the outer cylinder 2 and the annular collecting pipe 5 in turn, and is discharged into the external waste liquid tank through the drainage pipe 51 of the annular collecting pipe 5. At the same time, the operator holds the absorbent cloth to wipe off the water stains remaining on the surface of the filter module and the surface of the lighting lamp 79, so that there is no moisture on the surface of the filter module. Then the electric-controlled push rod 72 pushes again. The movable lifting slider 71 drives the annular pressing block 73 to move downward until the sealing ring 74 is tightly attached to the upper surface of the support ring 31 and the upper surface of the fixing ring again, and then the illuminating lamp 79 irradiates light downward, and at the same time the light sensor 4 detects the light passing through the filter module. The light sensor 4 observes whether there is a significant change in the light transmittance effect of the filter module. Because when the annular pressing block 73 is opened, the filter module is in contact with the outside world, and the heat obtained by itself due to the previous contact with the high-temperature water mist surrounded by the sealing ring 74 and the light shield 78 will be dissipated into the air, thereby causing faster cooling. However, the high-temperature water vapor drawn into the sealed space below the filter module loses heat more slowly, so condensed water mist will be formed on the lower side of the filter lens of the filter module, thereby interfering with the light propagation of the illuminating lamp 79. The light sensor 4 will collect a signal different from the first time, and can quickly, accurately and intuitively feedback the waterproof performance of the filter module.
[0033] Finally, the operator removes the filter module that has completed the waterproof performance test from the support ring 31, and at the same time, the electronically controlled three-way valve 61 is switched to a state where the first connection port and the third connection port are connected. The external hot air conveyor continuously delivers hot air flow to the inside of the outer tube 2 at a relatively slow speed through the air nozzle structure 601 of the annular air pipe 6. The hot air flow continuously takes away the residual water vapor inside the outer tube 2 and naturally rises and diffuses in all directions upward. The residual water in various areas of the outer tube 2 and the support ring 31 is dried mainly by manual wiping and hot air flow, so as to avoid the residual water on the outer tube 2 and the support ring 31 from interfering with the subsequent waterproof performance test of the filter module. Example
[0034] On the basis of Example 1, Figure 1-Figure 8As shown, a convex lens 52 is fixedly connected to the annular liquid collecting tube 5 of this embodiment, and a hydrophobic layer is coated on the surface of the convex lens 52; an outer annular groove structure 501 is provided on the annular liquid collecting tube 5 and surrounds the outer side of the convex lens 52, and the outer annular groove structure 501 is connected to the inside of the annular liquid collecting tube 5; during the vibration waterproof test of the filter module, when a large amount of liquid permeates the filter module downwards and causes a large amount of water droplets to drip downwards, the water droplets will drip downwards onto the convex lens 52, and then the water droplets will drip along the convex lens 52. The hydrophobic layer on the surface of the surface lens 52 slides toward the edge into the outer annular groove structure 501 of the annular collecting pipe 5 and flows into the interior of the annular collecting pipe 5, and is finally discharged into the external waste liquid tank through the discharge pipe 51 of the annular collecting pipe 5. Although a waterproof lens component is provided on the sensing component of the optical sensor 4, the water droplets dripping toward the optical sensor 4 can be collected in time by the above method, thereby preventing a large amount of water from accumulating above the optical sensor 4, and preventing the water accumulated above the optical sensor 4 from interfering with the entire light detection work. Example
[0035] On the basis of Example 1, Figure 1-Figure 8 As shown, four second springs 77 are fixedly connected between the fixing frame 76 and the electric control ring 75 of this embodiment; since the fixing frame 76 and the electric control ring 75 are in a non-rigid connection relationship connected by the second springs 77, when the micro-vibration motor 91 drives the fixing frame 76 to vibrate, the impact force generated by the fixing frame 76 on the electric control ring 75 will be buffered by the second springs 77, so that the influence of the vibration impact force from the fixing frame 76 on the electric control ring 75 is greatly reduced, thereby improving the service life of the electric control ring 75; and because the micro-vibration motor 91 generates only slight vibration, the fixing frame 76 will not cause the rubber ball 93 to detach from the surface of the filter module due to excessive amplitude and its own activity or the activity of the first spring 32, thereby hindering the vibration conduction.
[0036] The technical principles of the embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with specific embodiments. These descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the embodiments of the present invention and cannot be interpreted in any way as limiting the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the explanations herein, those skilled in the art can think of other specific implementation methods of the embodiments of the present invention without creative work, and these methods will fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. An efficient testing device for precision processing of optical filters, comprising: a fixed platform (1); an outer cylinder (2) fixedly connected to the fixed platform (1); an inner annular groove structure (201) provided in the outer cylinder (2); Its characteristics are: The apparatus further comprises a support ring (31); the support ring (31) is slidably connected to the inner annular groove structure (201) of the outer cylinder (2); a first spring (32) is fixedly connected between the support ring (31) and the outer cylinder (2); a light sensor (4) is mounted on the fixed platform (1); an annular gas delivery pipe (6) is fixedly connected inside the outer cylinder (2); a plurality of gas delivery nozzle structures (601) are provided on the annular gas delivery pipe (6); a lifting slider (71) is slidably connected to the fixed platform (1); an electric control push rod (72) is mounted on the fixed platform (1) for driving the lifting slider (71) to move in an up-and-down direction; the telescopic end of the electric control push rod (72) is fixedly connected to the lifting slider (71); the lifting slider (71) is fixedly connected to an annular pressing block (73); a sealing ring (74) is fixedly connected inside the annular pressing block (73) and is closely attached to the gap between the filter module and the support ring (31); an electrically controlled rotating ring (75) is rotatably connected to the annular pressing block (73); a fixing frame (76) is connected to the electrically controlled rotating ring (75); a spray pipe (8) for spraying water mist downward is fixedly connected to the fixing frame (76); an infusion pipe (81) is fixedly connected to the annular pressing block (73); the infusion pipe (81) is externally connected to a hot water delivery device; the outlet end of the infusion pipe (81) is rotatably connected to the inlet end of the spray pipe (8); and a vibration unit for generating vibration on the support ring (31) is connected to the fixing frame (76); The vibration unit comprises a micro vibration motor (91); the micro vibration motor (91) is mounted on the fixing frame (76); a height adjustment threaded rod (92) is screwed onto the fixing frame (76); a rubber ball (93) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the height adjustment threaded rod (92); An annular liquid collecting pipe (5) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer cylinder (2); an illuminating lamp (79) is mounted on the fixing frame (76); A convex lens (52) is fixedly connected to the annular liquid collecting pipe (5) to provide protection above the optical sensor (4), and a hydrophobic layer is coated on the surface of the convex lens (52).
2. A high-efficiency testing device for precision processing of optical filters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer cylinder (2) is provided with a plurality of liquid outlet hole structures (202) connected to the inner annular groove structure (201); all the liquid outlet hole structures (202) on the outer cylinder (2) are connected to the annular liquid collecting pipe (5); and the annular liquid collecting pipe (5) is connected to a liquid discharge pipe (51).
3. A high-efficiency testing device for precision processing of optical filters according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of drainage hole structures (3101) are provided on the support ring (31); all the drainage hole structures (3101) on the support ring (31) are connected to the inner annular groove structure (201) of the outer cylinder (2).
4. The high-efficiency testing equipment for precision processing of optical filters according to claim 1, characterized in that: An electrically controlled three-way valve (61) is installed on the fixed platform (1); the annular gas transmission pipe (6) is connected to the electrically controlled three-way valve (61).
5. The high-efficiency testing equipment for precision processing of optical filters according to claim 1, characterized in that: A light shield (78) is fixedly connected to the electric control rotating ring (75).
6. The high-efficiency testing equipment for precision processing of optical filters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular liquid collecting pipe (5) is provided with an outer annular groove structure (501) surrounding the outer side of the convex lens (52), and the outer annular groove structure (501) is connected to the inside of the annular liquid collecting pipe (5).
7. An efficient testing device for precision processing of optical filters according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The fixing frame (76) is slidably connected to the electric control rotating ring (75); a second spring (77) is fixedly connected between the fixing frame (76) and the electric control rotating ring (75).
Citation Information
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